Helvetius , De l'Esprit, discours II, chap. viii

61. Paley, Moral and Political Philosophy, Book VI, chap. xi.

62. Paine, Dissertations on Government, the affairs of the Bank, and ixtper money, 1786 : Public Good is not a term opposed to the Good of individuals ; on the contrary, it is the good of ail, because it is the good of every one ; for as the public body is every indiyidual collected, so the

482 NOTES. (Pp. 362-378)

pablk grood is tlie oollected good of those individuals. — Cf. Godwin, Pol. Just.y lÎT. II, ehap. n : Society is nothing more tban an aggregate of individualB. Its claims and itt duties must be tbe aggrogate of ifaeir claima and daties, tiie one ao more precarions thaa the other ; — lir. V, diap. XXI : Society is an idéal eusteoce, and not, on iU own acooant, entitled to the smallest regard. The wealth, prosperity, and glory of tbe whole are inintelligible chimeras. Set no value on anything, but in proportion as you are convinced of its tendency to make individual men happv and virtuous. Benefit, by every practicable mode, man wberever he exista ; but be not deceived by the specious idea of aflTording services to a body of men, forwhich no individual man is the better. — Maltfaus, fiuay on... Population^ Book IV, chap. m : the happiness of the ^bole is to be the resuU of the happiness of individuals, and to begin first witb theai. — MacCulloch : Principles of PolUical Economy, p. 129 : Sodety is nothing more than an aggregate colleclion of individuals.

63. Deonlology. Part I, Eistory of the GrecUest Happiness Principle,

64. Plan of Pari, Ref,, Introduction, § 7 ; Bowring, vol. V, p. 458. — Cl. Tixiités, Principes du Code Civil, première partie, chap. VI (Bowring, vol. l, p. 305) : Quand on parle de PefTet d'une portion de richesse sur le bonheur, c'est toujours abstraction faite de la sensibilité particulière des individus et des circonsances extérieures où ils peuvent se trouver. Les différences de caractères sont inscrutables, et la diversité des circonstani^^s est telle qu'elles ne sont jamais les mêmes pour deux individus. Si Von ne commençait par écarter ces deux considérations^ il serait impossible de faire aucune proposition générale. — Cf. Stuart Mill, UtilUananistn, chap. V : The Gréa lest Happiness Principle... is a mère form of words without rational signification, unless one's person happiness, supposed equal in degree... is counted for exactly as much as another s. Those conditions being supplied, Beutham's dictum, « everybody to count for none, nobody for more than one », might be written under tbe principle of utiiity as an explanatory cominentary.