acte, m., act

acti-f, -ve, active, action, /., deeds, action, active, /., active or regular

army.

actuel, -le, présent.

adhésion, /., adhésion, com-

pliance.

adieu, m., goodbye, parting,

farewell, leave-taking, se

faire des adieux touchants,

to take leave of one another

with émotion.

adjudant, m., adjutant,

major, adjutant-major;

capitaine — major, adjutant

(corresponding to battalion

adjutant).

adjurer, to call upon.

admettre, to admit.

admirable, admirable, won-

derful.

admiration, /., admiration.

admirer, to admire.

adolescent, -e, adolescent;

m., youth, lad. adopti-f, -ve, adopted.

adorable, adorable, charm-

ing, lovely.

adosser (à), to rest against.

adresse, /. address, skill,

direction; à 1' — de, in-

tended for.

adresser, to send, forward;

s* — , to be given or sent,

speak.

adversaire, m., adversary.

adverse, opposite, enemy.

aérien, -ne, adj., aéroplane,

aerial.

s'affaiblir, to weaken.

affairé, -e, busy.

affaire, /., affair; qui ne fait

pas du tout V — de, which

does not at ail please.

affaisé, -e, collapsed, sunk

down.

s'affaiser, to collapse.

affection, /., affection, affirmer, to assert, urge; s* — ,

to déclare itself, become.

afflux, m. y afflux, arriving

forces, s'affranchir, to free oneself.

affreu-x, -se, terrible, awful.

affût, m., carriage.

afin de, in order to.

afin que, in order that.

âge, m., âge; de tout — , of ail

âges.

âgé, -e, old, aged; âgée de

trois ans, three years old.

Vocabulaire

agent, m., agent; — de police, policeman.

agile, agile, quick, active.

agilité, /., agility.

agir, to act; s' — de, to be a question of.

agitation, /., agitation.

agité, -e, rough.

s'agiter, to be waved; hustle.

agonie, /.. agony.

agrandi, -e, larger, greater, taller.

agrandir, to make larger or greater.

agresseur, m., aggressor.

aguets, m. pL, aux — , lying in wait, on the watch.

ah! ah! — ! ça, see hère!

ahuri, -e, confused.

aide, /., aid, assistance.

aider, to aid, assist, help.

aïeule, /., grand-mother.

aïeux, m. pL, forefathers, ancestors; old people.

aigle, m. y eagle (emblem of the empire), flag standard; V — noir, the black eagle (of Germany).

aigre, musty, misty.

aigu, -ë, shrill, sharp.

aiguille, /., needle; — à tricoter, knitting needle.

aiguillon, m., goad.

aile,/., wing; coup d* — , flap, flap of the wings.

ailleurs, elsewhere; d* — , besides, moreover, indeed.

aimé, -e, loved, beloved.

aimer, to love, like.

aîné, -e, older, senior.

aîné, m., older child; senior;

nos — s, our elders, our

fathers.

ainsi, thus, in this way, so,

therefore; il en est — , it

is so; — que, as well as,

like.

air, m., air, appearance,

mariner; en plein — , in

the open, outdoors; avoir

1' — (de), to seem, look

like.

aise, /., gladness; à son — ,

easily, as much as it likes, ajouter, to add.

ajuster, to adjust.

alerte, alert.

alerte,/., alarm, call to arms.

alignement, m., line; prendre

V — , to fall into line.

aligner, to line up; s' — , to

line up.

alité, -e, bedridden.

allaiter, to nurse; bring up.

allégresse, f., joy, gladness.

allemand, m., German (lan-

guage).

allemand, -e, German.

aller, to go, go on; allons!

corne ! let us go ! march on!

— au feu, to go into battle; s'en — , to walk along, go a way, go; va! yes, indeed!

— en promenade, to go for a walk; pour qu'elle allât plus loin, in order that she might continue her attentions; allez ! I assure y ou !

— et venir, to go back and forth.

Vocabulaire

alliance, /., wedding ring.

allié, -e, allied.

allié, m., ally; le front des Alliés, the Allied fronts.

allier (à), to combine (with); s' — (à), to marry.

allocution, /., speech.

allumer, to light, arouse.

allure, /., gait; à toute — , at full speed.

allusion, /., allusion.

alors, then; — que, when, while.

alouette, /., lark.

Alpin, m. 9 Alpine rifleman.

alpin, -e, Alpine; chasseurs — s, Alpine rifleman — in the Great War they were known as the "BlueDevils."

alsacien, -ne, Alsatian.

alsacien-lorrain, from Alsace- Lorraine.

alternati-f, -ve, alternative.

alterner, to alternate.

alto, m., alto (musical instrument); organ stop.

ambigu, -ë, ambiguous.

ambition, /., ambition.

ambulance, /., hospital, field hospital.

âme, /., soûl, ghost.

aménager, to fit up, set up.

amener, to lead, bring, send.

am-er, -ère, bitter.

américain, -e, American.

ami, m., friend; un jeune Parisien de nos — s, one of our young Parisian friends.

amical, -e, friendly.

amie, /., friend.

amiral, m., admirai, amitié, /., friendship.

amocher, to wound (slang).

amour, m.} love, affection.

amoureusement, tenderly,

softly.

amoureu-x, -se (de), in love

with, devoted to.

ampère, m., ampère (unit of

measurement of the strength

of an electric current).

amplifier, to amplify.

amputé, m., one who has had

a limb amputât éd.

s'amuser, to enjoy.

an, m. y year.

analogue, analogous, similar.

analyser, to analyze.

ancêtre, m., ancestor, ancient

vessel; pi., old people.

ancien, -ne, former, old,

ancient; les " — s," the

old folks.

ancre, /., anchor.

s'ancrer, to settle.

anéantir, to annihilate, de-

stroy.

ange, m., angel.

anglais, -e, English, British.

angoisse,/., anguish, anxiety.

angoissant, -e, distracting.

animation, /., excitement,

animation.

animer, to animate, inflame,

stir, quicken, enliven.

annales, /. pi., annals.

anneau, m., ring.

année, /., year.

annexé, -e, annexed; pays

— , annexed territory

(Alsace-Lorraine, annexed to Germany in 1871).

annoncer, to announce.

anonyme, anonymous, unknown.

antagonisme, m., antagonism.

antan, m., d'— , of yesterday, of former days.

antenne, /., antenna.

antique, ancient, old.

août, m., August.

apaisement, m., appeasement.

apaiser, to silence, hush; s' — , to subside.

apercevoir, to notice, see; laissaient — un jardin, a garden could be se en from; s* — , to notice, take notice.

Apotheke, German for pharmacy.

apothéose, /., apotheosis.

apparaître, to appear.

appareil, w., apparatus, plane, instrument, machine; qui est à 1' — ? who is on the wire ?

apparition, /., appearance.

appartement, m., apartment.

appartenir, to belong.

appauvrir, to impoverish.

appel, m., call, appeal; faire 1' — , to call the roll; faire des — s, to call for help.

appeler, to call; s' — , to be called; il s'appelle, his name is; comment t'appelles-tu? what is your name?

applaudir, to applaud.

applaudissement, m., ap-

plause, cheer.

appliqué, -e, diligent, studi-

ous.

apporter, to bring, bear.

apposer, to affix, put up, post.

appréhension, /., fear, dread.

apprendre, to teach, learn,

announce.

' apprêter, to prépare, make

ready; s' — , to be about to

be enacted, to prépare.

approche, /., approach; aux

— s de, near. approcher (de) , to corne near;

s' — (de), to approach, be

approached.

approuver, to approve, agrée

with.

appui, m. y sill.

s'appuyer (à), to lean against.

âpre, violent, bitter.

après, after; peu — , shortly

afterward.

après-midi, m., afternoon.

âpreté, /., violence.

arbitre, m., arbiter; libre — ,

free will, self-determination.

arborer, to raise, set up.

arbre, m., tree.

arc, m., arch; — de triomphe,

triumphal arch.

arche, /., arch.

architecte, m., architect.

ardent, -e, ardent, fervent,

burning.

ardeur, /., ardor, fervor,

spirit, passion, eagerness.

ardoise, /., slate.

argent, m., silver.

Vocabulaire

argument, m.y argument.

arme, /., arm; aux — s', " to arms"; à — s égales, with an equally matched adversary; — blanche, bayonet, sword; fait d' — s, military exploit; prise d' — s, military formation; V — au pied, position of order arms.

armée,/., army; corps d' — , army corps.

armer, to arm; s' — , to arm oneself.

armistice, m., armistice.

armoire, /., closet.

arracher, to take away, tear away, tear out, pull out, pluck, take; s7 — (à), to break away from, tear oneself away from.

arraisonnement, m., communication, liaison.

arraisonneur, m.y ship in charge of maintaining communication or liaison.

arrêt, m., checking, stopping.

arrêter, to stop, hold; s' — , to stop.

arrière, m., back, stern, backward, behind; en — deback of; en — , back, to the rear; faire machine — , to back-water: tranchée d' — , rear trench.

arrière-front, m.y rear, back of the lines.

arrivée, /., arrivai; la nouvelle — , the newly arrived little girl; dès son — , as soon as he arrived.

arriver (à), to arrive, happen, corne, reach, succeed.

arroser, to water.

art, m., art.

article, m., article.

artillerie, /., artillery.

artilleur, m., artillery man.

artisan, m., workman, maker, worker.

artiste, m., artist.

ascensionnel, -le, ascending, ascensional.

asiatique, Asiatic.

aspect, m., appearance, aspect.

asphyxiant, -e, asphyxiating.

asphyxie, /., asphyxy, suffocation.

aspirant, m.} non-commission ed omcer (rank between noncommissioned adjutant and second lieutenant).

aspirer, to look forward.

assagi, pacified.

assassin, m.y assassin.

assaut, m., assault, storm, attack; faire 1' — de, to attack; monter à V — de, to storm.

assemblé, -e, assembled, united, mustered, convoked.

assemblée, /., assembly.

asseoir, to seat; s' — , to sit down.

assez, enough, quite; c'en est — , it is enough, we've had enough.

assigner, to assign.

assis, e, seated.

Vocabulaire

assistance, /., audience.

assistant, m., person présent;

les — s, those présent, the

bystanders.

assister (à), to be présent

(at).

association, /., association.

s'assombrir, to become

gloomy.

assouplir, to make flexible,

adjust.

assumer, to assume.

assuré, -e, assured, sure,

certain, assurément, certainly.

assurer, to insure, secure,

guarantee; s* — , to secure,

make sure.

astre, m., star.

astuce, /., cunning, craft; des

prodiges d — , wonderful

cunning.

atmosphère, /., atmosphère.

âtre, m. y hearth, fireplace.

atroce, cruel, dreadful.

attacher, to attach, fasten.

attaque, /., attack; cri d* — ,

battle cry.

attaquer, to attack.

atteindre, to hit, strike, reach;

— au frénétique, to reach

a stage of frenzy.

atteler, to harness; attelée

de deux chevaux, drawn

by two horses.

attendre, to wait, wait for,

await; en attendant, mean-

while; tant attendu, so

long awaited. attendrissement, w., émotion.

attente,/., expectation.

attenti-f, -ve, attentive.

attention, /., attention, atterré, -e, stunned.

attester, to attest, certify,

bear witness to, call to

witness.

attirer, to draw, attract.

attitude, /., attitude.

attraper, to reach.

attristé, -e, sorrowful.

au = à le.

aubaine, /., good fortune,

pièce of luck.

aube, /., dawn.

aubergiste, m., inn-keeper.

aucun, -e (ne), no, not any,

any, not . . . any; ne . . .

plus — , no longer any.

audace, /., boldness, daring.

audacieu-x, -se, daring, bold.

au-dessous, below; — de, be-

low.

au-dessus (de), above.

augmenté, -e, increased.

augmenter, to increase.

augure, /., omen.

auguste, august.

aujourd'hui, to-day.

auparavant, first of ail, before.

auprès de, with, near, from,

close by.

aurore, /., dawn.

aussi, also, such, accordingly,

and so, indeed, now; —

. . . que, as ... as.

aussitôt, immediately.

aussitôt que, as soon as.

austère, austère.

autant (de), as many, as

Vocabulaire

much, so many, as well;

d* — moins que, ail the

less because, with ail the

more difhculty because.

autocanon, tn., auto-cannon.

autographié, -e, autographed,

signed.

automnal, -e, autumnal.

automne, m., autumn.

autoriser, to authorize.

autorité, /., authority.

autour de, around.

autre, other, any more; les

uns ... les — s, some . . .

others; à un — ! next!

l'un et V — , both of them;

de temps à — , from time

to time.

autrefois, formerly, in former

times. autrement, otherwise.

autrichien, -ne, Austrian.

aux = à les.

auxiliaire, auxiliary.

auxquels, to which, in which,

to whom, over which.

aval, m., lower part (river);

en — de, below.

avance, /., advance, distance

or time in advance; d* — ,

beforehand.

avancer, to advance; s' — , to

advance.

avant, m., bow, fore, forepart.

avant, before; en — , for-

ward! in front of him; —

tout, above ail; baïonnette

en — , with bayonets

fixed.

avant de, before.

avant que, before.

avantage, m., advantage.

avarie, /., damage.

avec, with.

avenir, m., future.

aventure, /., adventure,

event; dans V — , in this

life of adventure.

avenue, /., avenue.

averse, /., shower.

avertir, to warn, notify.

aveugle, blind. aveugler, to blind, stop up.

aviateur, m., aviator.

aviation, /., aviation.

avide, eager.

avion, m., aéroplane, aviator.

s'aviser, to take it into one's

head.

avocat, m., lawyer.

avoisiner, to be near to.

avoir, to hâve; il y a, there is,

there are, ago; il n' y a

pas à, there is no reason to;

— raison, to be right; — lieu, to take place; — besoin de, to need, hâve need of ; — froid, to be cold ; on les aura, we'll get them, we'll defeat them; vous les avez eus! you defeated them!

il y a urgence, it is urgent; il y avait, there was, there were; il n'avait pas à, he had no cause to; — grand'peur, to be very much afraid; y — , to be; — l'air, to seem; — bon coeur, to be good-hearted;

— peur, to be afraid;

Vocabulaire

chacun en aura, everyone will hâve the opportunity to show what he is made of; — honte, to be ashamed; — raison de, to get the better of, successfully repuise, master; un ordre vint d' — à refuser le combat, an order came that we had to refuse battle; qu'y a-t-il? what's the matter? — beau fouiller, to search in vain, — vingt ans, to be twenty years old.

avouer, to admit, acknowledge.

avril, m., April.

axe, m., axis, direction.

azur, w., azuré.

bâbord, w., larboard.

bagage, m., baggage.

bague, /., ring.

baguette, /., wand.

bah! bah! nonsense!

baie, /., bay; — vitrée, bay-

window.

bâillement, w., yawn.

bain, m., bath.

baïonnette, /., bayonet; —

en avant, with bayonets

fixed.

baiser, m., kiss.

baiser, to kiss. baisser, to lower.

balancer, to swing.

balayer, to sweep, sweep

away.

balbutier, to stammer.

balle, /., bullet, shot.

ballotter, to toss about.

bambin, m.y little chap.

banc, m., bench, seat.

bande, /., band, group; à la — , along the rail; faire — à part, to keep apart (from the others).

bandit, m.f bandit.

bandoulière, /., shoulderbelt; en — , slung over the shoulder.

banlieue, /., suburbs.

bannière, /., banner.

banque, /., bank; employé de — , bank clerk.

baptiser, to baptise, christ en.

baraque, /., shed.

barbare, m., barbarian.

barbarie, /., barbarism.

barbiche, /., beard (on the chin).

bariolé, -e, checkered.

barrage, m., barrage, barrier; tir de — , barrage fire.

barre, /., helm; les — s sont mises en plongée, the machine is prepared for submersion; les — s sont mises " tout à monter," the machine is made ready to ascend.

barreau, m., bar.

barrer, to bar.

barrière, /., barrage.

bas, m., bottom, lower end; du haut en — , from top to bottom; tout — , very low to oneself, in a whisper; de — en haut, from below.

Vocabulaire

bas, -se, low; le front — ,

with head bent.

bas-côté, m., side, pathway.

base, /., base, naval base.

basilique, /., basilica.

bas-relief, m., bas-relief.

bassin, m., basin.

basson, m., bassoon.

bastille, /., bastile (see Bastille in notes).

bataille, /., battle, fighting.

batailler, to battle, struggle. bataillon, m., bat talion.

bateau, m., boat, vessel.

bâtiment, m., vessel.

bâton, m., bâton (of a mar-

shal), stick, cane.

battement, m., beating, beat,

throb.

batterie, /., battery.

battre, to beat, work, defeat,

hit, strike, be under fire;

aussitôt tous les coeurs

de — immediately ail the

hearts begin to beat; se

battre, to fight.

baume, m.y balm.

bavarde, /., chatterer.

bavarder, to talk.

bazar, m.y store, bazaar.

béant, -e, gaping, open.

béatement, blissfully.

beau, m., beautiful.

beau, bel, belle, beautiful,

handsome, noble, glorious;

les plus — x, the best;

à — fouillé, searches in

vain.

beaucoup (de), many, very,

much, many times.

beauté, /., beauty.

bêcher, to spade, dig.

bégayer, to stammer.

béni, -e, blessed.

bénir, to bless; Dieu soit béni! thank God!

berceau, m., cradle.

bercelonnette,/., little cradle.

bercer, to rock, lull.

béret, m., cap.

berger, m., shepherd; chien de — , shepherd dog.

besicles, /. pi., spectacles.

besogne, /., work, task, job.

besoin, m., need; avoir — de, to need; plus — de, it is no longer necessary to.

bétail, m., cattle.

bête, /., beast.

bibelot, m., trinket.

bien, much, directiy, very, many, correctly, good, really, very much, fully, indeed, very well, clearly, certainly; ou — , or else; dites — , be sure to tell;

aimé, well-beloved; —

des fois, many times; — plus encore maintenant, much more now; — des mains, many a hand; — mieux encore, still better; si — que, so that; eh, — !

well! c'est — le moins, that 's the least that could be done.

bien, m., good, property; faire du — , to do good.

bien que, although.

Vocabulaire

bientôt, soon.

bienvenue, /., welcome.

bigarré, -e, motley; des notes

— es, a medley of colors.

bille, /., marble.

binocle, m., eye-glass.

biplace, m., biplane (with two

seats).

biplan, m., biplane.

bise, /., cold wind.

bitume, m., bitumen, asphalta bizarre, strange, unusual.

blanc, -he, white, innocent,

pure; arme blanche,

sword, bayonet.

blanchir, to whiten; — à la

chaux, to whitewash.

blé, m., wheat.

blêmir, to turn pale. blessé, m., wounded man; blessé, -e, wounded, torn,

tattered.

blesser, to wound.

blessure, /., wound.

bleu, -e, blue; — horizon,

horizon blue (color of

French uniform).

bleu, m., recruit.

bleuet, m. f corn-flower.

blocus, m., blockade.

blond, -e, blond, golden.

blondin, m., light-haired boy.

Boche, m., German.

bocqueteau, m., small wood.

boeuf, m., ox.

boire, to drink.

bois, m., wood.

boîte,/., box; — s aux lettres,

letter boxes.

bombardement, w., bom-

bardment.

bombarder, to bombard.

bombe, /., bomb, shell; à la — , with shell.

bon, -ne, good, honest; un — mot, a witty remark.

bond, m., leap, jump.

bondir, to rush, dash, beat.

bonheur, m., joy, good fortune, happiness.

bonhomie, /., good nature.

bonhomme, m., fellow.

bonjour, m., good day, good evening.

bonnet, m., bonnet, cap; — phrygien, Phrygian cap (cap of Liberty, symbolic of the French Révolution).

bonsoir, m.f good-night.

bonté, /., goodness.

bord, m., bank, boat, tack; des deux — s, from opposite banks; au — de Peau, on the bank of the river; à — , on board; virer de — , to turn aside; de — , on shipboard.

bordé, m., border, edging.

bordée, /., watch, volley.

border, to tuck in, border.

bordereau, m., account.

botte, /., boot.

botté, -e, booted, wearing boots.

bottine, /., shoe.

bouche, /., mouth; le silence plissait leur —, they set their jaws in silent détermination.

Vocabulaire

boucher, to shut, wall up.

bouchon, m.f cork.

boucle, /., salient.

bouclé, -e, curly.

boue, /., mud.

bouée, /., buoy.

boueu-x, -se, muddy.

bouger, to move.

bougie, /., candie.

bougre, m., fellow.

bouillir, to boil.

boule, /., bail.

bouleau, m., birch tree.

boulevard, m., boulevard.

bouleverser, to upset, de-

stroy.

bouquet, m., bouquet, cluster.

bourdonnement, w., hum-

ming, buzzing.

bourg, m., town.

bourgeois, w., citizen, trades-

man.

bourgeoisie, /., middle class.

bourgeron, *»., frock.

bousculé, -e, confused, dis-

ordered, driven about,

jostled.

bousculer, to confuse, drive

about.

bout, m., end, extremity, bit;

— de lettre, Une or two.

au — de, at the end of;

venir à — de, to overcome;

à — de, out of; de — en

— , from one end to the

other; toucher au — de, to

be at the end.

boutique, /., shop.

boy, m., boy.

boyau, m., communicating-

trench; also — de communication.

boy-scout, m., boy scout (éclaireur).

brancardier, m.y stretcherbearer.

branche, /., branch.

braquer, to turn.

bras, m., arm; confiés à vos — , entrusted to your care; se tenant par le — , arm in arm.

brasser, to stir up.

brave, brave, good; ces — s, thèse brave soldiers.

bravement, bravely.

braver, to face.

bravo, m., cheer.

bravoure, /., bravery, courage.

brèche, /., hole.

bref, brève, brief, quick, curt.

briard, -e, from or in the province of Brie.

brigade, /., brigade.

brillant, -e, glistening, shining.

briller, to shine, glitter, glisten.

brique, /., brick.

brisant, -e, violent.

brise, /., breeze.

briser, to break, destroy, shatter; se — , to break to pièces, shatter oneself ; à — , as though its heart would break.

britannique, British.

brodé, -e, embroidered.

Vocabulaire

brodequin, m., boot.

broderie, /., embroidery.

bronze, m., bronze; sur le

— , in bronze.

bronzé, -e, bronzed.

brouillard, w., fog.

brousse, /. , bush.

bruit, m., noise, sound, bustle,

roar, buzz.

brûlant, -e, glowing, hot,

burning.

brûler, to burn.

brume, /., fog, mist.

brusque, sharp.

brusquement, suddenly, has-

tily.

bruyant, -e, noisy.

buisson, w., bush.

buissonni-er, -ère, adj.; faire

l'école — ère, to play

truant.

bulletin, m., bulletin.

bureau, m., office, desk; —

de poste, post-office; — de

campagne, campaign desk.

bursiforme, purse-shaped.

but, m., goal, target.

C* = ce ; c'est que, the fact is that; c'avait été le tour, it was the . . . turn.

Ç* = ça.

ça, that; ce n'était pas — , in vain (it wasn't that); ça y est? did we get her?

— et là, hère and there; ah! — , see hère!

cabinet, m., office.

cache-nez, m., muffler.

cacher, to hide.

cachette, /., hiding place;

en — , secretly.

cadavre, m., body.

cadeau, m., présent.

cadence, /., cadence, time,

step.

cadet, m., junior, cadre, m., détail {of non-com-

missioned officers).

café, m., coffee; moudre

notre — , to attack with

machine gun fire.

cahier, m., notebook, manuscript.

caillou, m., stone, pebble.

caillouler, to gravel.

caisse, /., drum, box.

se calciner, to burn.

calcul, m., calculation,

plan.

calculer, to calculate.

cale, /., hold.

calibre, m., caliber.

calme, calm.

calme, m., calmness, serenity,

coolness, composure.

calmer, to quiet; se — , to be-

come quiet.

calotte, /., skull-cap. camarade, m., comrade.

camp, m., camp, field.

campagne,/., country, plains,

fields, campaign; bureau

de — , campaign desk; 77

de — , 77 mm. fieldpiece.

canalisation, /., canaliza-

tion.

candide, frank, honest.

Vocabulaire

canon, m., cannon, barrel;

au — , with cannon.

canonnade, /., cannonading.

canonnier, nt., gunner.

canot, m., row-boat.

cantique, m., hymn.

cantonnement, m., canton-

ment.

cantonner, to be in canton-

ment, be encamped.

cantonnier, m., road-laborer.

capable, capable.

capitaine, m., captain.

capitale, /., capital.

capitulation, /., surrender.

caporal, m., corporal.

capturer, to capture.

car, for.

carabine, /., rifle.

caractère, m., character. caractériser, to characterize.

caresser, to caress.

carré, -e, square.

carré, m., square, patch.

carrière, /., career* course, carte, /., map, chart, card.

cartouche, /., cartridge.

cas, m., case.

caserne, /., barracks.

casoar, m., cassowary (bird),

tuft of feathers (red and

white) on the dress cap of

cadets.

casse, /., (popular) breakage,

damage.

casser, to break, destroy,

annihilate.

cataclysme, m., cataclysm,

disaster.

cathédrale, m.y cathedral.

cauchemar, m., night-mare.

cause, /., cause; à — de, because of.

causer, to cause, talk.

ce, this, that, he.

ce, pron., it, they, this, that; sur — , now; c'est un vaet-vient, there is a coming and going.

ceci, pron., this, the folio wing.

céder, to yield, give, give up.

ceinture, /., belt.

ceinturon, m., belt.

cela, that.

célèbre, famous.

célébrer, to celebrate.

célérité, /., speed, despatch.

celle, that; — s, those.

celui, the one, that; — -ci

this one, the latter; là,

that one.

cénotaphe, m., cenotaph Ctomb or monument erected in honor of a person buried elsewhere).

cent, hundred, a hundred.

centaine, about a hundred; au — s, hundreds; des — s, hundreds; par — s, by hundreds.

central, -e, central.

centre, m.y center, aviation field.

cependant, in the meantime, however, nevertheless, meanwhile, yet.

ce que, that which, that, what.

ce qui, that which, what; tout — , ail those who.

Vocabulaire

cercle, m., circle.

cercueil, m., coffin, grave.

cérémonie, /., ceremony.

certain, -e, certain.

certainement, certainly.

certes, most assuredly.

certitude,/., certain ty; a vite

la — , is soon sure.

ces, thèse, those.

cesse, /., ceasing; sans — ,

constantly.

cet, cette, this, that.

ceux, pron., thèse, those; —

-ci, thèse, the latter, some;

de Ceux, of those (the

Americans); là, some.

chacun, each one.

chagrin, m., grief, sorrow.

chaîne, /., chains, bonds,

shackles.

chair, /., flesh.

chaire, /., teacher's desk or

platform; monter en — ,

to ascend the platform.

chaise, /., chair.

chaleur, /., heat. chaloupe, /., boat.

chalut, m., drag-net.

chalutier, m., mine sweeper.

chamarré, -e, decorated,

trimmed.

chambre, /., room, Chamber

of Deputies.

champ, m., field; prendre du

— , to withdraw; dans son

— de tir, within range.

chance, /., chance, luck.

chanceler, to totter, falter,

waver.

chancelier, w., chancellor.

changement, m., change.

changer, to change.

chanson, /., song.

chant, m., song, singing.

chanter, to sing.

chanteur, m., singer.

chantier, m., yard.

chaos, m., chaos.

chapeau, rn., hat, cap.

chapelet, m., beads.

chaque, each, every.

char d'assaut, m., tank.

charge, /., charge.

charger, to charge, order; desire, cover, load, be in charge of.

charitable, charitable.

charmant, -e, charming.

charme, m., charm.

charnier, m., field covered with bodies.

chasse, /., hunt; cor de — , hunting horn.

chasser, to drive, drive out, drive away, turn about.

chasseur, m., rifleman; — s à pied, light infantry; — s alpins, Alpine riflemen; in the Great War they were known as the "Blue Devils."

château, m., château, castle, palace.

chaud, -e, war m.

chaudement, warmly.

chaumière, /., cottage.

chaussette, /., sock.

chaux, /., lime; blanchir à la — , to whitewash.

chef, m.j chief, commander;

Vocabulaire

le — de l'Etat, the Président of the Republic; — du gouvernement, the Prime Minister.

chef-d'oeuvre, m., masterpiece.

chemin, m., path, road, progress, passage.

chemineau, m.t wanderer, tramp.

cheminée, /., fireplace.

cheminer, to travel, move on.

chemise, /., shirt; en manches de — , in shirt sleeves.

chêne, m., oak, oak tree.

cher, adv., dear, dearly, high.

cher, chère, adj., dear, precious.

chercher, to seek, look for, seek for, get.

chéri, -e, beloved, cherished.

chérubin, m., angel, cherub, beautiful child.

cheval, m., horse; à — , on horseback.

chevalier, m., knight.

chevet, m., bedside.

cheveu, m., hair.

chez, at the ho use of, on the part of, with, in, among, to; — Dieu, Heaven, Paradise; — vous, at your school; — soi, at home; de — nous, from home; — nous, in our country.

chien, m., dog; — de garde, watchdog.

chiffre, m., number.

chiquet, m., bit, driblet.

choc, m. y shock, collision.

chocolat, m., chocolaté, choeur, m., chorus, band; en

— , ail together.

choisir, to choose.

choix, m., choice.

chose, /., thing.

chou, m., cabbage.

chuchoter, to whisper.

chute, /., downfall, fall.

cicatriser, se — , to heal.

ciel, m., sky, heavens.

deux, m. pi., heavens.

cigare, m., cigar.

cigarette, /., cigarette.

cime, /., top, summit.

cimetière, m., cemetery.

cinq, five.

cinquante, fifty.

cinquante-deuxième, fifty-

second.

circonstance,/., circumstance.

circulaire, circular; jeter un

coup d'oeil — , to look

around.

circuler, to go about.

ciré, m. y oil-coat.

cirer, to shine.

ciseau, m., chisel.

ciseler, to carve.

citation, /., citation, cité, /., city.

citer, to cite, quote, mention;

qui lui a valu d'être cité,

which won for him a

citation.

citoyen, m., citizen, civil, -e, civil.

civilisé, -e, civilized.

clair, -e, clear, bright.

clairement, clearly.

Vocabulaire

clairon, m., bugle, bugler.

clairvoyance, /., clear-sighted-

ness.

clamer, to déclame, shout..

clameur, /., outcry, clamor,

shout.

claquement, m.y snapping,

wave, waving. claquer, to fire, crack, snap.

clarté, /., clearness.

classe, /., class; vous faire

la — , to teach your class.

classement, m., classification.

clavier, m., keyboard.

climat, m., climate.

cliquetis, m., clanking, click-

ing.

cloche, /., bell.

clocher, m., belfry, steeple.

se cloîtrer, to shut oneself

up.

clore, to close; se — , to be

closed, end.

clôture, /., fence.

clou, m., nail; c'est parler de

— s dans la maison d'un

sabotier, that's carrying

coals to Newcastle.

clouer, to nail, be rooted.

coalisé, -e, united, allied

les — s, the allies.

cocasse, funny.

coco, m. y cocoa; noix de —

cocoanut.

coeur, m., heart, courage

spirit; haut les — s! hâve

confidence! avoir bon -

to be good-hearted; le -

lourd, with a heavy heart coffret, m.t box.

cogner, to knock.

cohorte, /., cohort.

coiffe, /., cap, head-dress.

coiffer, to cover the head of, belong to; coiffé de, head covered with.

coiffure,/., head-dress; à leur — , on their caps.

coin, m., corner.

coïncider, to coincide.

col, m., collar.

colère, /., anger.

colis, m., package.

collaborer, to cooperate.

collecti-f, -ve, collective.

collégiale, /., collegiate church.

coller, to press close to.

colline, /., hill.

colombier, m., pigeon-house.

colon, m., colonist, inmate (of settlement or home).

colonel, m., colonel.

colonelle, /., colonel's wife.

colonial, m., colonial (soldier from the colonies).

colonial, -e, colonial.

colonie, /., colony, settlement.

colonne, /., column; — de compagnie, column of companies.

colorer, to color, tinge.

colossal, -e, colossal.

colosse, m. y giant.

combat, m., combat, struggle, battle, fight.

combattant, m.} fighter, soldier.

combattre, to combat, fight.

Vocabulaire

combien, adv., how many, how much, how.

combiné, -e, combined.

comble, full.

comble, m., height.

combler, to fill up.

comique, comic.

commandant, m.t commander, major.

commandement, m.9 command, order, headquarters ; poste de — , headquarters; bâton de — , bâton of authority.

commander, to < ommand, give commands, be in command of.

commandeur, m., commander (of the Légion of Honor).

There are five ranks in the Légion of Honor, ofwhich this is the third.

comme, like, as well as, as if, as, just as, how, something like; — tel, like one.

commémorer, to commemorate.

commencer, to begin, be the beginning.

comment, how; — t'appelles tu? what is your name?

commérage, m., gossip, rumor.

commerçant, m., tradesman.

commerce, m., commerce.

de — , mercantile, commercial.

commettre, to commit.

commis, m., clerk.

commode, comfortable, easy.

commun, -e, common; de

— , in common; peu — , extraordinary.

commune, /., commune.

communication, /., communication.

communion, /., communion.

communiqué, m., communiqué.

communiquer, to communicate.

compagne, /., companion, wife.

compagnie, /., company; colonne de — , column of companies.

compagnon, m., companion; — d'armes, companion in arms.

compartiment, m.> compartment.

compatriote, m., fellow-countryman.

compensation, /., compensation.

complaisamment, complacently.

complément, m., complément; troupes de — , reserve troops.

compl-et, -ète, complète.

complet, m., suit, full number; au — , with ail présent.

complètement, completely.

compléter, to complète.

complice, m., accomplice.

compliment, m., compliment; faire des — s, to compliment.

compliqué, -e, complicated.

Vocabulaire

comploter, to plot.

comporter, to require.

composer, to compose.

compositeur, m., composer.

composition, /., composition.

compréhensible, compréhensible.

comprendre, to understand.

comptable, w., book-keeper.

compte, m.j account; se rendre — , to study the situation, record; — rendu, report; tenir — de, to take into considération.

compter, to intend, count, limit, number, to be full; sans — , countless.

concentration, /., concentration.

concentrer, to concentrate.

conception, /., conception, opinion.

concerner, to concern.

concerter, to consult with.

concevoir, to conceive, imagine, understand.

conciliabule, m., secret meeting.

concitoyen, m., fellow-citizen.

conclure, to conclude.

conclusion, /., conclusion, close.

concorde, /., concord.

concret, m., concrète.

condamner, to doom, give up (a patient).

condition, /., condition, rank, kind.

conduire, to lead, show, conduct, drive, take.

conférence, /., conférence.

confiance, /., confidence, hope.

confidentiellement, confidentially.

confier, to entrust, trust, to be confident, tell in confidence, confide.

confiserie, /., candies.

confondre, to mingle, mold into one, mix, unité; être par toi confondu parmi tes enfants, to be molded by you into one unît with your sons; se — , to mingle.

confusément, vaguely.

confusion, /., confusion, disorder.

congre, m., sea-eel.

conjuré, -e, conspiring, plotting.

connaissance, /., knowledge; porter à la — de, to bring before, inform of.

connaître, to know, learn, enjoy, expérience, feel, know (a person) to hâve.

conquérir, to conquer, take, capture.

conquête, /., conquest.

consacrer, to dévote, consecrate.

conscience, /., conscience; avoir — de, to be conscious of.

consciencieu-x, -se, conscientious.

conscrit, m., conscript.

consécration, /., consécration.

Vocabulaire

consécutivement, consecutively.

conseil, m., council, cabinet, adviser; — de révision, military service board.

conseiller, to advise.

consenti, -e, voluntary, sanctioned.

conséquence, /., conséquence.

conséquent, m., par — , consequently.

conserve, /., convoy; de — , in company, together.

conserver, to keep, préserve.

considérable, large, great.

considérer, to consider.

consolation, /., consolation.

consoler, to console, cornfort.

consommer, to consummate, complète, make.

constant, -e, constant.

constater, to discover, note down, verify, record.

consternation, /., consternation.

constituer, to establish, make, constitute, dig.

construire, to build, construct.

contact, m., contact; prises de — , close contact.

contempler, to contemplate.

contenir, to contain, res train; mal contenue, unsuccessfully restrained, unrestrained.

content, -e, happy.

contentement, m., contentment.

contenter, to satisfy.

conter, to tell, narrate.

continu, -e, incessant.

continuel, -le, constant.

continuer, to continue.

contour, m., outline.

contracter, to sign up for.

contraindre, to compel, force.

contraire, m., contrary.

contraire, opposed, contrary, adverse.

contre, against, for; par — , on the other hand.

contre-attaque, /., counterattack.

contre-attaquer, to counterattack.

contremander, to countermand.

contre-offensive, /., counterofïensive.

contribuer, to contribute.

convalescence, /., convalescence; entrer en — , to become convalescent.

convalescent, -e, convalescent.

convenir, to be fitting.

convoquer, to summon.

convoyeur, m.y convoy-ship.

coopération, /., coopération.

coque, /., hull.

coquelicot, m.y poppy.

coquet, -te, pretty, quaint.

coquetterie, /., coquetry.

cor, m., horn; — de chasse, hunting horn.

corne, /., edge.

cornemuse; /., bag-pipe.

cornette, /., sister's cap.

Vocabulaire

corps, m., corps, body; — d'armée, army corps; — à — , hand to hand encounter.

correspondance, /., communication, correspondent.

correspondre, to communicate.

corsage, m.y waist.

cortège, m., company, procession.

costume, m., uniform.

côte, /., hill, coast; — cent soixante neuf, hill 169 (kills were numbered on military maps) .

côté, m., side, direction; du — de, in the direction of; à — de, beside.

cou, m.y neck; à son — , around her neck.

couchant, m., setting sun.

couché, -e, in bed.

coucher, to put to bed.

coucher, m.y bed-time; le — du soleil, the sunset.

coude, m., elbow.

se coudoyer, to jostle or elbow one another.

couler, to flow, sink, be shed, trickle, fall, sink to ground; be sinking; se — , to slip, glide.

couleur, /., color; de — , colored.

coup, m.y blow, stroke, shot, puff, thump; — de foudre, thunderbolt; tout à — , suddenly, ail at once; jeter

un — d'oeil circulaire, to look around; faire un mauvais — , to commit a crime; faire le — de feu, to fight; — de fusil, shot;

— de canon, shell, cannon; — d'aile, flap, rlap of the wing; tout d'un — , suddenly; jeter un — d'oeil, to glance; — de sifflet, signal; un joli — de torpille, a neat little job for a torpédo; par à-coups, see acoup ; — d'oeil, view.

coupable, m., culprit.

couper, to eut, chop, eut ofï;

— à, to escape.

couplet, m., verse, cour, /., yard.

courage, m., courage, courageusement, bravely.

courageu-x, -se, courageous,

brave.

courant, m., current; au —

de, acquainted with.

courbe, /., curve.

coureur, m., runner.

courir, to run, rush, rush

forward, go, fly through,

move; par le temps qui

court, in thèse days, to

wander about.

couronne, /., crown, wreath.

couronner, to crown.

courrier, m., mail. courroie, /., strap.

courroux, m., anger.

cours, m., course; au — de,

during the course of.

Vocabulaire

course,/., drive, rush, course.

court, -e, short; tout — , simply, and no more, that's ail; sauce — e, "shorty."

coûter, to cost; coûte que coûte, cost what it may, at any price.

coutume, /., habit, custom; de — , usual, usually.

coutumi-er, ère, accustomed.

couturière, /., dressmaker.

couverture,/., blanket, covering; Verdun, c'était la — de Paris, Verdun meant the security of Paris.

couvrir, to cover, drown, protect; en couvrent les rives, cover its banks; se — , to be covered.

cracher, to spit out, spread.

craie, /., chalk; à la — , with chalk.

craindre, to fear.

crainte, /., fear.

craquer, to burst, die, sink.

cratère, m., crater, shell hole.

cravacher, to whip.

cravate, /., necktie.

crayon, m., pencil.

crédit, m. y crédit, finance.

créer, to create.

crêpe, m., crêpe.

crépiter, to crackle, break out.

crépusculaire, twilight.

crépuscule, m.y twilight.

crête, /., ridge.

creuser, to hollow.

cri, m., shout, cry; — d'attaque, battle-cry.

cribler, to riddle.

crier, to cry, cry out, proclaim.

crieur, m., crier.

crime, m., crime.

se crisper (sur), grasp nervously.

cristallin, -e, crystalline.

critique, criticai.

croire, to believe, think, hâve faith, expect; se — , to believe or think oneself.

croisade, /., crusade.

croiser, to cross, pass; se — , to be crossed.

croiseur, m., cruiser.

croissance, /., growth, development.

croix, /., cross.

croyance, /., belief.

croyant, m., believer.

cruel, -le, cruel.

cruellement, cruelly.

cuir, m., leather.

cuirasse, /., breast-plate.

cuirassier, m., cuirassier.

cuisse, /., thigh.

cuivre, m., brass, brass instruments.

cuivré, -e, ringing, clear.

culasse, /., breech.

culotte, /., trousers.

culte, /., creed.

culture, /., culture.

curé, m., priest; Monsieur le Curé, our priest.

curieu-x, -se, curious.

curieux, m.> curious person.

curiosité,/., curiosity.

Vocabulaire

d' = de.

dalle, /., stone, slab.

dalmate, of Dalmatia.

dame, /., lady.

damné, m., damned soûl.

damoiselle, /. (obs.)j damsel,

lady.

danger, m., danger.

dangereusement, danger-

ously.

dangereu-x, -se, dangerous.

dans, in, into, on, under,

with, within.

danser, to dance.

dard, m.y sting, dart.

darder, to dart, beam, send.

date, /., date.

dater (de), to date back to.

davantage, more, any more,

any further.

de, from, of, with, in, for,

sorne, by, on, on account

of, at, to, about, than,

during.

débarquer, to land.

débarrasser, to rid.

débiter, to recite, sing.

déborder, to overflow.

déboucher (sur), to open out

into.

debout, standing, stand up!

rise! ahead; — les morts!

rise, ye dead!

débris, w., débris, fragment,

remains.

débrouillard, -e, able to take

care of oneself.

début, m., beginning.

décembre, m., December.

déception, /., déception, dis-

appointment.

décès, m., death.

déchaîné, -e, furious, released.

déchaîner, to let loose; se — ,

to break loose, rage.

décharge, /., discharge, bom-

bardment.

décharger, to unload. déchiffrer, to make out.

déchirant, -e, heart-break-

ing, harrowing, torturing.

déchiré, -e, tortured, rent to

pièces, broken.

déchirer, to torture, rend; se

— , to be torn. to pièces,

explode.

déchirure, /., rent.

déchoir (de), to lose.

décidément, decidedly.

décider, to settle, détermine,

décide; décide upon.

décimé, -e, decimated.

décisi-f, -ve, décisive.

décision, /., décision, détermination, décisive victory.

déclanchement, m., offensive.

déclancher, to launch; se — ,

to be launched, break forth.

déclarer, to déclare, an-

nounce.

décocher, to let fly.

décombres, m. pi., ruins.

déconcerter, to disconcert,

baffle.

déconfit, -e, abashed, disap-

pointed.

décor, m., décoration, scenery,

surroundings.

décorer, to decorate, adorn.

décousu, -e, disconnected,

incohérent.

découvert, -e, open.

découvrir, to discover.

décrire, to describe.

dédaigner, to scorn.

dédaigneu-x, -se, disdainful,

scornful.

dedans, inside; au — de,

within.

défaillance, /., weakness, fat-

tening.

défaire, to defeat.

défaite, /., defeat.

défendre, to défend, forbid,

protect, make possible; se

— , to défend oneself.

défense,/., défense; sans — ,

defenseless.

défenseur, m.y defender.

défensive, /., défensive.

déferler, to spread, unfurl.

défiler, to march, march by,

sail by; se — , to run

away.

définir, to describe.

définiti-f, -ve, final.

définition, /., définition.

définitivement, finally.

dégager, to relieve, free, clear;

se — (de), to escape from,

free oneself.

dégringoler, to tumble down.

dehors, outside; au — ,

out.

déjà, already.

delà, beyond; par — , be-

yond, from beyond, past;

au — de, beyond.

délaisser, to abandon, délégation, /., délégation, délicat, -e, sweet, dainty,

nice, délicate, slender.

délicatement, gently.

délice, m., delight.

délicieu-x, -se, delightful.

délirant, -e, delirious.

délire, m., delirium.

délit, m., misdemeanor.

délivrance, /. deliverance,

freedom, succor.

délivrer, to deliver, free,

liberate.

demain, to-morrow; la

journée de — , the events

of to-morrow.

demander (à), to ask, ask

for, beg, order, call upon,

call for; se — , to ask oneself, wonder.

démasquer, to uncover.

démembrer, to dismember.

démence, /., madness; en — ,

mad.

se démener, to strive, exert

oneself.

démenti, -e, bafïïed.

démesurément, beyond ail

measure.

demeurer, to live, remain,

stay.

demi, m., half ; le " demi,"

" half a man"; à — , half.

demie,/., half; sept heures et

— , half past seven.

demi-heure, /., half-hour.

demi-litre, m., half liter.

demi-morts, m. pi., dying

men.

Vocabulaire

demi-section, /., half section,

half platoon.

démolir, to demolish, de-

stroy.

démontrer, to show.

démoralisation, /., demoral-

ization.

dénommer, to denominate,

call.

dénoncer, to give away. dénoué, -e, united, undone.

dent, /., tooth.

départ, m., departure; prendre son — , to hâve its

start, begin.

département, m., department

(administrative division of

France. There are 91 de-

partments.) dépasser, to leave behind,

pass beyond.

dépêche, /., message, tele-

gram.

dépendre, to dépend.

dépenser, to spend, expend,

make, use up.

dépit, m. y spite.

déplacé, -e, displaced.

se déplacer, to move.

déployé, -e, open; à gorge

— , heartily.

déployer, to display; se — ,

to deploy, be unfurled.

déposer, to lay down, place.

dépôt, m., warehouse, mili-

tary warehouse, camp.

dépouiller, to strip.

dépourvu, -e, unprovided;

au — , by surprise.

dépression, /., dépression.

depuis, from, for, since, for the last.

depuis que, since.

député, !»., deputy, représentative.

déranger, to disturb.

dériver, to drift.

derni-er, -ère, last, latter.

dernièrement, recently.

dérobade, /.: à la — , ready to slip away slyly.

se dérober (de), to avoid.

dérouler, to unfold; se — , to be unfolded; l'épopée qui se déroule, the epic legend which is being enacted.

déroute, /., rout.

derrière, behind, on the other side of.

des = de les.

des, some.

dès, prep.j from, since, at, even from, as soon as, on, as early as; — longtemps, a long while ago; — lors, then, from that moment, since then; — que, as soon as.

désagréger, to disaggregate.

désaltérer, to refresh, quench the thirst of.

désarmer, to disarm.

désarroi, m., disorder.

désastreu-x, -se, disastrous, sad.

descendant, m., descendant.

descendre, to descend, go down, alight, corne out.

désemparer, to quit, disable; sans — , without interruption.

Vocabulaire

déserte, -e, deserted.

désespéré, -e, in despair,

desperate.

désespoir, m.9 despair, désigner, to indicate, point

to, speak of, designate,

caU.

désir, m. f désire.

désirer, to désire, want;

laisser à — , to be unsatis-

factory.

désolation, /., désolation.

désolé, -e, desolate, discon-

solate.

désordonné, -e, wild.

désordre, m., disorder. désormais, henceforth, from

that time.

despote, m., despot.

despotisme, m., despotism.

desséché, -e, wasted, drained.

dessin, m., play, outline.

dessiner, to outline; se — , to

be outlined.

dessous, adv., under, below;

au de, below, beneath,

inferior to.

dessus, adv. y above, upon it;

au de, above, beyond;

là- — , thereupon; par-

— , above; le — , the upper

hand.

destin, m., destiny.

destinée, /., destiny, fate, lot.

destiner, to destine, reserve,

assign.

se détacher, to fall out of

ranks.

détachement, m,, detach-

ment.

détail, m. f détail; le — d'un homme, a very little man.

déterminer, to détermine, bring on.

détonation, /., report.

se détourner, to turn around.

détresse, /., distress.

détruire, to destroy.

dette, /., debt; la — de soustitre, the debt he owed for the title of.

deuil, m., mourning, sorrow, grief.

deux, two; les — , both; ils n'étaient que tous — , the two were alone; tous les — , both.

deuxième, second.

devant, before, in the présence of, in front of; aller au- — de, to anticipate, go to meet.

dévastation, /., dévastation.

dévasté, -e, devastated.

devenir, to become, become of.

deviner, to guess, foretell, see, foresee; se — , to be guessed, be perceptible, to be discovered.

devoir, to owe, must, ought, be indebted for, hâve to, to be*(so); tu as dû voir, you must hâve seen; Français, nous le devons, as Frenchmen, we ought to remember them; ils devaient se raconter, they must hâve been telling each other.

Vocabulaire

devoir, m., duty.

dévorant, -e, devouring.

dévoué, -e, devoted.

dévouement, m., dévotion.

se dévouer, to sacrifice oneself.

diable, tn., devil, fellow.

dialogue, m., dialogue.

dictée, /., dicta tion.

dicter, to dictate, impose.

Dieu, m., God; chez — , Heaven, Paradise; — soit béni, Thank God; Mon — ! Heavens!

différence, /., différence.

différent, -e, différent.

difficile, difficult.

difficilement, with difhculty.

digne, worthy, dignified, with dignity.

dignitaire, m., dignitary.

dignité, /., dignity, title.

dimanche, m., Sunday; habits du — , Sunday clothes; le — , on Sunday.

dîner, m., dinner.

diplomatique, diplomatie.

dire, to say, recite, tell, speak of; — à l'oreille, to whisper; sans mot — , without saying a word; je vous le disais bien que, I told you that; c'est-à — , that is to say; m'a-t-on dit, I hâve been told; à vrai — , to tell the truth; on dirait que, it looks as if.

dire, m., opinion; au — de, according to.

directeur, m., director.

direction, /., direction, directrice, /., principal.

dirigeant, -e, directing, super-

visory.

diriger, to direct, send.

se dirigir, to move.

discipline, /., discipline.

discipliné, -e, disciplined.

discontinuer, to cease.

discours, m., speech, address.

disparaître, to disappear, van-

ish.

disperser, to disperse, scatter;

se — , to scatter.

disposer, to induce.

disposition, /., disposai, plan,

arrangement.

se disputer, to quarrel.

disque, m., dise, record.

disséminer, to scatter.

dissimuler, to hide, conceal.

distance, /., distance; à — ,

afar.

distinction, /., distinction, distinguer, to make out, dis-

tinguish; se — , to distin-

guish oneself, be distin-

guished.

distraire, to entertain, amuse.

distribuer, to distribute.

district, m., district.

divers, -e, several.

divin, -e, divine; le Divin

Enfant, Christ.

diviser, to divide.

division, /., division.

dix, ten.

docile, obedient.

doctrine, /., doctrine.

document, m., document.

Vocabulaire

doigt, m., finger.

dolman, m., jacket (military),

coat.

domina-teur, -trice, dominat-

ing, overbearing.

domination, /., domination.

dominer, to dominate; se — ,

to gain control of oneself.

dompter, to overcome, con-

quer.

dompteur, m.y conqueror.

don, m., gift, présent.

donatrice, /., donor, giver.

donc, then, therefore, now,

consequently, to be sure.

donner, to give, to open out

or shed, show; faites nous

— , get for us (hâve us

given), establish.

dont, of which, whose, of

whom, from which, upon

which, in which, with

which.

dormir, to sleep; il y a longtemps que je dormirai, I

shall hâve been sleeping a

long time.

dortoir, m., dormitory.

dos, m., back; pendu dans

le — , swung over his back; dose, /., dose.

double, double.

doublé, m., double; sur ce — ,

after that double hit.

doucement, sweetly, softly,

gently, slowly.

douceur, /., comfort, sweet-

ness, sweetmeat.

douer, to favor.

douille, /., socket.

douleur, /., grief, woe, pain, douloureu-x, -se, painful.

doute, m., doubt.

se douter, to suspect, to hâve

the least idea.

dou-x, -ce, gentle, sweet,

quiet, happy, peaceful.

douzaine, /., dozen, about

twelve.

douze, twelve.

dragage, m., dragging.

dragon, m.y dragoon.

dragueur, m., dredger, drag-

ger, sweeper.

drame, m., drama.

drap, m.y sheet.

drapeau, m., flag; — tricolore,

tricolored flag (emblem of

the Republic) ; — rouge, the

red flag of révolution; sous

les — x, to the colors, with

the colors.

dresser, to raise, direct, drive,

hold up, erect; se — , to

stand up, rise, gather.

droguer, to give medicine

to.

droit, m., right, justice, law,

claim.

droit, -e, right, upright,

straight, honest; — comme

des i, straight as arrows.

droite, /., right, conservative

side; de — , to the right.

drôle, funny, pleasant.

du = de le.

dû, due, due.

duel, m., duel.

dur, -e, hard, rough, severe.

durant, during.

Vocabulaire

se durcir, to be hardened,

be set.

durer, to last.

eau, /., water, an expanse

of water, river; voie d' — ,

leak; entre deux — x, under

water.

ébahi, -e, amazed.

ébaubi, -e, amazed, as-

tounded.

éblouir, to dazzle.

éblouissant, -e, dazzling.

s'ébranler, to move, start to

move.

écarlate, scarlet.

écart, m., step aside; se

mettre à V — , to f ail out of

ranks, step aside.

écarté, -e, far away.

écarter, to draw aside.

échanger, to exchange.

échapper (à), to escape; s* — ,

to escape, corne, corne forth.

s'échauffer, to become ex-

cited.

écho, w., écho.

échoir, to fall, fall to the lot

of.

échouer, to fail.

éclair, m., flash, light, flash

of lightning, lightning.

éclaircie, /., clearing.

éclairer, to enlighten, light

up; s' — , to light up.

éclaireur, m., boy scout.

éclat, m., glory, brilliancy,

fragment, pièce.

éclatant, -e, brilliant.

éclatement, m.} bursting (of

shells).

éclater, to burst, break out,

burst forth, be fired; — de

rire, to burst into laughter;

faire — , break open, force.

éclore, to hatch; en vos

mains éclos, created by

your hand.

école, /., school; faire V —

buissonnière, to play tru-

ant.

écolier, m., pupil.

économie, /., economy, sav-

ing.

économiser, to économise.

écorner, to bruise.

s'écouler, to elapse, slip

away, pass by; la vie

s'écoulait, the days were

passing by.

écouter, to listen, listen to.

écraser, to crush.

s'écrier, to exclaim, cry

out.

écrire, to wrrite.

écriteau, m., tag, label, écriture, /., penmanship.

écrivain, m., writer, author.

écroulé, -e, collapsed, shat-

tered.

s'écrouler, to fall to pièces,

fall down.

écureuil, m., squirrel. écuyer, m., cavalry man.

éditeur, m., publisher.

effacer, to efface, obliterate;

s' — , to become effaced or

obliterated.

effectif, m., effective strength.

Vocabulaire

effet, m., effect, resuit; en

— , in fact, indeed.

efficacité, /., effectiveness.

effiloché, -e, torn.

effondrer, to break down;

s' — -, to give way, die, fall.

s'efforcer, to strive.

effort, m., effort, effrayant, -e, frightful,

dreadful.

effrayer, to frighten; s' — , to

frighten one another.

effroyable, frightful, horrible.

égal, -e, equal, like; à armes

égales, with an equally

matched adversary.

également, equally.

égalité, /., equality.

égard, m., regard; à V — de,

towards.

égaré, -e, wandering; mis-

guided.

égarer, to bewilder, lead into

error.

égide, /., shield, protection.

église, /., church.

s'égoutter, to let fall drops of

moisture.

égorger, to slaughter, kill.

égrener, to shell, drop, let fall.

eh bien! well!

élan, m. , outburst, spirit,

enthusiasm, dash, impetu-

ous advance.

s'élancer, to shoot forth,

rush forth, dash.

élargir, to widen.

électrique, electric.

électrisation, /., electrifïca-

tion.

électriser, to electrify.

élégant, -e, élégant, fashionable.

élément, m., part.

élève, m.f., pupil.

élevé, -e, raised; la fourragère la plus — e, the f. of the highest order.

élever, to bring up, educate, elevate, make, construct, raise, establish, erect; s' — , to rise, arise, spring up, ascend, announce, to be heard.

élite, /., choice, pick; phalange d' — , phalanx of picked men.

elle, pron., she, her, it.

elle-même, herself, itself.

elles, they.

éloge, m. y eulogy.

s'éloigner, to withdraw, move away.

éloquence, /., éloquence.

éloquent, -e, éloquent.

émail, m.y enamel.

émailleur, m., enameller.

embarquement, tn., embarkation, entrainment.

s'embarquer, to set out.

embarras, m., embarrassment.

embarrassé, -e, embarrassed.

embaumé, -e, sweet-scented.

emblème, m., emblem, symbol.

embrasé, -e, on fire, in fiâmes.

embrassement, w., embrace, harmony.

Vocabulaire

embrasser, to kiss; s' — , to

embrace (one another).

embrocher, to run through.

s'embrouiller, to become con-

fused.

s'embrumer, to become moist

(with tears).

embrun, w., fog.

embuscade, /., ambush.

émerger, to émerge.

émerveillement, m.y aston-

ishment.

éminence, /., hill.

emmener, to take.

émoi, m.y émotion.

émotion, /., émotion, excite»

ment, feeling.

émouvant, -e, touching.

émouvoir; to move, stir,

touch; s* — , to be moved,

alarmed.

s'emparer, to seize, take,

take hold of.

empêcher, to prevent; s' — ,

to help, keep (from).

empiler, to stack, pile up.

empire, m., empire.

emplacement, m., emplacement.

emplette, m., purchase.

emplir, to fill.

s'emplir, to be filled.

employé, m., clerk.

employer, to use, employ,

make, direct, make use of;

s' — , to exert oneself.

empoigner, to grasp, seize,

arïect.

emporter, to carry away,

carry off, carry, take, gain.

empressé, -e, ready, eager.

s'empresser, to busy oneself.

ému, -e, touched, afïected, touching.

en, in, on, while, as, as a, of it, of them, some of them; for doing this; to, it, for it, about it, by, of, from it, with them, because of that, by it, like a, into.

encadrer, to frame, form part of (as leaders).

encercler, to encircle, surround.

enchaîné, -e, fettered, chained.

enchanté, -e, enchanted, delighted.

enclouer, to spike.

encombrer, to obstruct, block up.

encore, still, again, as y et, more, still more, also, even; une fois — , once more; naguère — , but lately; bien mieux — , still better; hier — , only yesterday; d'autres — , many others; — une fois, once more, again.

encourir, to incur, assume.

encre, /., ink.

encyclopédique, encyclopédie.

endiablé, -e, terrible.

endormi, -e, sleeping.

endroit, m., place; à 1' — de, with regard to.

endurance, /., endurance.

endurer, to endure, bear, sufïer.

énergie, /., energy.

Vocabulaire

énergiquement, energetically.

énervement, m., enervation.

s'énerver, to become enervated.

enfant, m. /., child, son, fellow; les — s, my children, boys!; bon — , good natured; le Divin Enfant, Christ.

enfantement, m., birth.

enfantin, -e, childish, children's.

enfer, m., hell; d' — ■, infernal.

enfermer, to shut in, lock up, bury.

s'enfermer, to closet oneself.

enfilade, /., enfilade; prise en — par les balles, caught by an enfilading fire.

enfin, finally, at last, in fine, in short.

enflammer, to inflame, arouse; liquide enflammé, liquid fire; s' — , to take fire.

s'enfler, to swell, grow.

enfoncer, to break through, bury; s' — , to bury oneself or itself, lose oneself, sink.

s'enfuir, to fiée, take flight, run away.

engagement, m., engagement, enlistment.

engager, to involve, enlist, engage, engage (in action), introduce; s' — , to begin, enlist, enter, promise, begin (to ascend).

engin, m., engine, machine, torpédo.

engloutissement, m., sinking.

enjeu, m., stake, stakes.

enlacer, to entwine.

enlever, to remove, take off, take, carry.

ennemi, m., enemy.

ennemi, -e, adj., enemy's, of the enemy.

ennui, m., weariness, worry; que nous avons d' — ! how weary we are!

s'ennuyer, to be weary or lonesome.

énorme, enormous, immense, big, great.

énormité, /., enormity.

enregistrer, to register, record.

enrouler, to roll up, or around.

ensanglanté, -e, bloodstained.

enseigne, /., sign; — de vaisseau, naval ensign.

enseignement, m., instruction, teaching.

enseigner, to teach.

ensemble, m.y whole, harmony, ensemble.

ensemble, together.

ensoleillé, -e, sunny.

ensuite, afterwards.

entamer, to impair, injure.

entasser, to crowd.

entendre, to hear, mean, intend; se faire — , to be heard; c'est entendu, it is understood; bien entendu, of course; faire — , sound.

enterrer, to bury.

entêté, -e, headstrong.

Vocabulaire

enthousiasme, m., enthusi-

asm.

enthousiaste, enthusiastic.

enti-er, -ère, entire, whole

of ; tout — , as one;

l'Alsace tout entière, ail

Alsace; un homme tout

— , a full sized man.

entièrement, entirely, fully.

entité, /., entity.

entonner, to sing.

entourer, to surround.

entraill es, /. , pi. , bowels , hear t . entrain, m., spirit, high

spirits, enthusiasm.

entraîner, to carry away,

inspire, draw, drag down.

entrave, /., obstacle; pi.,

fetters, shackles.

entre, between, among; l'une

d' — vous, one of y ou;

nul d' — eux, no one of

them; d' — nous, of us;

l'un d' — eux, one of them;

— les mains, in the hands.

entrecouper, to interrupt, in-

tersperse.

entrée, /., appearance, entry,

entrance.

entrepôt, m., storehouse.

entreprendre, to attempt,

undertake.

entrer (dans), to enter, corne

in; — en ligne, to go into

line; faire — , to transfer;

— en vigueur, to be put in force, to begin to take effect.

entretenir, to support, maintain, keep alive.

entretien, m., talk.

entrevoir, to hâve a vision

of.

s' entrouvrir, to half open.

envahir, to invade, overrun,

spread over.

envahisseur, m., invader.

enveloppe, /., envelope.

envelopper, to wrap.

envie, /., désire.

envier, to envy.

environner, to surround.

environs, m. pi, vicinity.

envoi, m., sending.

envolée, /., flight, soaring.

s'envoler, to fly, take flight.

envoyer, to send; m'envoya

promener, threw me back.

épais, -se, thick.

épargner, to spare.

épars, -e, vague.

épaule, /., shoulder.

épée, ./., sword.

épeler, to spell.

éperdu, -e, distracted.

éperdument, passionately,

desperately.

épervier, m., hawk.

épi, m., ear of corn, cluster.

épingler, to pin.

épique, epic.

épisode, m., épisode.

épithète, /., epithet. épopée, /., épopée, séries of

brilliant achievements; epic

poem or legend.

époque, /., time, period.

épouse, /., wife, spouse.

épouser, to marry.

épouvantable, dreadful.

Vocabulaire

épouvantablement, terribly, horribly.

épouvante, /., terror.

épouvanté, -e, terrified.

épreuve, /., ordeal.

épris, -e, charmed, fascinated.

éprouver, to feel.

épuisé, -e, exhausted.

épuisement, m., exhaustion.

épuiser, to exhaust.

équilibre, m., balance.

équipage, m., crew.

équivaloir, to be équivalent.

ériger, to extend, stretch out.

errer, to wander.

erreur, /., error.

escadron, m., squadron.

escalier, m., staircase.

esclavage, m., slavery, bondage.

esclave, m.f., slave.

escompter, to anticipate.

escorter, to escort.

espace, m., space; pi. space.

espacé, -e, far apart.

espérance, /., hope, confidence.

espérer, to hope, hope for, wait for.

espoir, tn., hope, confidence.

esprit, m., mind, wit, spirit.

essayer, to try, attempt; s' — à, to try, try one's hand, try out, to begin to discuss.

essor, m., flight, impulse.

essuyer, to wipe, dry.

est, m., East; gare de l'Est, station of the Eastern Railroad.

estimer, to estimate, judge.

estropié, -e, crippled, dis-

abled.

et, and.

établir, to establish, lay out,

make out; s* — , to be estab-

lished.

s'étaler, to show off.

état, m.j state, condition,

trade, profession; le chef

de V — , the Président of

the Republic.

état-major, m., staff.

été, m., summer.

éteindre, to destroy; s' — , to

die away, cease, end.

éteint, -e, dull, dim, closed.

étendard, m., standard.

étendre, to extend, stretch

out; s' — , to extend.

étendu, -e, lying on the

ground.

étendue, /., expanse.

éternel, — le, eternal; la

France — le, the undying

spirit of France.

éternité, /., eternity.

éther, m., ether; la route de

V — , the way of the heav-

ens.

étincelant, -e, glittering.

étinceler, to glitter, gleam,

beam.

étoffe, /., stuff, material,

goods, cloth; faire V — un

peu courte, eut the goods

a little short.

étoile, -e, star-spangled,

starred.

étoile, /., star, star (used as

the insignia of gênerai

Vocabulaire

officers) ; marche à l'Étoile,

march guided by the star that leacis to light, justice, truth; — des Mages, the star of Bethlehem.

étonnement, m., astonishment.

étonner, to astonish, wonder; s* — , to be astonished (at).

étouffement, m., stifling, suffocation.

étouffer, to smother, stifle.

étrange, strange.

étrangement, in a strange way.

étranger, m., stranger, foreign lands.

étrang-er, -ère, foreign.

étrave, /., stem; (forepart of a vessel).

être, to be, line, go; — en train de, to be busy or in the act of; qui est d'une nation, which cornes from a nation; — à l'honneur du danger, has the honor of being exposed to danger.

être, m., being.

étreindre, to embrace, grip, grasp, take hold of.

étreinte, /., embrace, hold.

étroit, -e, narrow.

étude, /., study.

étudier, to study.

euphémisme, m., euphemism.

eux, them, themselves, they;

mêmes, themselves; ce

sont — , it is they.

évacuer, to remove, send back, evacuate.

éveillé, -e, awake.

éveiller, to awaken. arouse.

événement, m.} event, emer-

gency.

évidemment, evidently.

évidence, /., évidence, clear-

ness; c'est 1' — même, it is

perfectly clear.

éviter, to avoid; s' — , to avoid

each other.

évocation, /., évocation.

évoluer, to perform évolutions.

évolution, /., évolution.

évoquer, to evoke.

exactement, exactly.

exactitude, /., accuracy.

s'exalter, to be magnified,

become overexcited.

excellence, /., excellence.

excellent, -e, excellent.

exception, /., exception, exceptionnel, -le, unusual.

excès, m., excess, violence.

exciter, to excite, arouse.

s'excuser, to excuse oneself.

exécutant, m., player.

exécuter, to exécute, make,

follow up, carry out.

exemple, m., example; pour

le bon — , for their exem-

plary conduct; par — , the

idea! think of it!

exempt, -e, exempt, free.

exercé, -e, experienced.

exercer, to éxert.

exercice, m., drill, exercise, exhaler, to be given for th. exiger, to exact, require.

exilé, -e, exiled.

Vocabulaire

existant, -e, existing.

existence, /., life.

exister, to exist.

exorbitant, -e, exorbitant, expédier, to send.

expéditionnaire, expedition-

ary.

expérience, /., expérience,

use, experiment.

expirant, -e, dying.

expirer, to die away.

explication, /., explanation.

expliquer, to explain; s' — , to

account for, account for it.

exploit, m., exploit.

explosion, /., explosion.

exposer, to expose.

exprès, adv., purposely; tout

— , for the very purpose.

expression, /., expression.

exprimer, to express, tell of;

s' — , to express oneself.

exquis, -e, exquisite.

extase, /., ecstasy.

extasié, -e, enraptured.

extension, /., extent.

extrait, m., extract.

extraordinaire, extraordi-

nary. extrême, extrême, extrémité, /., extremity; à

toute — , in extrême dis-

tress.

façade, /., façade.

face, /., face, aspect, phase; en — , over the way, face to face, opposite; en —

de, opposite, near; — à, facing; faire — à, to meet.

se fâcher, to become angry.

facile, easy.

façon, /., way, manner; à la — de, after the manner of ; de — à, so as to.

façonner, to form, shape.

faible, small, weak, slight.

faiblir, to weaken.

faïence, /., earthenware.

faire, to make, do, fight, form, win, wage, say, give, perform, create, impose, hâve, take; — sortir, to bring out, draw out; — partie, to be a member;

— savoir, to inform; — son possible, to do one's best; faites nous donner, get for us; — sauter, to blow up; — rage, to rage, storm, make a great havoc; — entrer, to transfer; — le tour de, to go around; — un mauvais coup, to commit a crime; — signe, to motion; cela ne fait rien, that makes no différence; vous — la classe, to teach your class; — Pécole buissonnière, to play truant;

— un voyage, to take a trip; — des compliments, to compliment; — le coup de feu, to fight; — pleuvoir, to shower; — payer cher à, to make . . . pay dearly; — des emplettes, to make purchases; que

Vocabulaire

— ? what was to be done?

— bande à part, to keep apart (from the others);

— l'assaut de, to attaçk;

— entendre, to sound; — machine arrière, to back water; — route, to advance; — face à, to meet;

— glisser, to slide; — l'Islande, to fish in the waters of Iceland; c'est bien fait, it serves them right; — du bien, to do good; il a fait des siennes, he is up to his old tricks;

— des appels, call for help;

— foi, to be évidence; — preuve de, to give proofs of; toute faite, already made; il fait froid, it is cold; — la reconnaissance, to reconnoitre; — tomber, to destroy, demolish; — l'appel, to call the roll;

— lecture de, to read; — plaisir à, to please; — front, to face; — venir, to send for; il fait sombre, itis dark; — de ces drames, présent such dramas; — installer ses hôtes, to hâve one's guests shown to their rooms; qui ne fait pas du tout l'affaire de, which does not at ail please; vous en faites pas = ne vous en faites pas = ne vous faites pas de mauvais sang = do not worry ; — rentrer, bring in; se — , to be

done, take place, be estab-

lished; tuer, to get

killed, die, give one's life;

jour, to show itself;

entendre, to be heard;

envoyer un drapeau,

to hâve a flag sent to; le silence se fit, there was

silence; des adieux,

to take leave of one another

faisceau, m., stack, symbolic group; former les — x, to stack the guns.

fait, m., fact, act, will; tout à — , entirely; — d'armes, military exploit.

falaise, /., clifL

falloir, to be necessary, must, need, hâve to, should, ought; il faut en finir, we must end it once for ail; s'il en fallait plus, if more were needed; il ne faudra plus, you must no longer; il faut l'avoir suivie, one must hâve folio wed her; il me faudrait sortir, I would hâve to go out; il faut que, it must be that; il faut l'entendre, you ought to hear him; il fallait bien, it was obviously necessary; il faut quelques minutes, it takes a few minutes.

fameu-x, -se, famous.

famili-er,. -ère, familiar.

familièrement, familiarly.

famille, /., family.

fanatique, fana tic.

Vocabulaire

fanfare, /., fanfare, flourish

of trumpets.

fanion, m., small flag.

fantaisie, /., whim, caprice.

fantassin, m., foot-soldier,

infantryman.

fantastique, fantastic.

fantôme, m., phantom, vision.

farce, /., joke.

fardeau, m., burden, responsi-

bility.

farine, /., flour.

farouche, wild, tierce, stern.

farouchement, fiercely.

fastes, m. pi., annals, records, fatal, -e, fatal.

fatalité, /., fatality.

fatigue, /., hardship, fatigue,

strain.

fatiguer, to wear out, ex-

haust.

fatuité, /., conceit.

faubourg, m., suburb.

faucher, to mow, mow down.

se faufiler, to creep.

faut : il — , we must, you

must, one must, I must;

il — - voir, you ought to see.

faute, /., mistake, fault.

fauteuil, m., arm-chair. faux, fausse, false.

favorable, favorable.

favori, -te, favorite.

fébrile, feverish, excited;

trembling.

fée, /., fairy.

femme,/., woman, wife; une

main de — , a woman's

hand.

fenêtre, /., window.

fer, m., iron, steel, arms; pi.

chains.

ferme, firm; de pied —,

resolutely.

ferme, /., farm.

fermer, to close, fermeté, /., strength, vigor

détermination.

féroce, fierce, ferocious.

ferré, -e, ironed, metalled;

voie — e, railway.

fertile, fertile, fête, /., festival, holiday;

habits de — , holiday

clothes.

fêter, to celebrate.

feu, m., fire; aller au — , to

go into battle; faire le

coup de — , to fight; en

— , afiame; ciel de — ,

warm sky; ligne de — ,

firing line.

feuillage, m., foliage, leaves.

feuille, /., leaf, sheet, news-

paper.

feuillu, -e, leaf y, with abun-

dant foliage.

feutré, -e, light, soft (like

felt).

feutre, m., felt hat (American

campaign hat).

février, m., February.

fiançailles, /. pl.9 betrothal.

fiancer, to betroth, pledge.

ficeler, to tie up.

fidèle, faithful.

fidèlement, faithfully.

fidélité, /., fidelity.

fi-er, -ère, proud, great; de

Vocabulaire

ton neveu si — d'en être,

from your nephew, so proud of being your nephew.

fièrement, proudly.

fierté, /., pride, loftiness, dignity, proud honor.

fièvre, /., fever, excitement.

fiévreusement, feverishly.

figer, to stun.

figure, /., face.

fil, m., wire, stream.

filer, to veer away, make, speed away.

filet, m., net.

fille, /., daughter, girl, young girl.

fillette, /., young girl, little girl.

fils, m., son.

fin, -e, fine, light, quick, délicate.

fin, /., end, death; prendre — , to corne to an end.

final, -e, last.

finement, delicately.

finir, to finish, end; il faut en — , we must end it once for ail, we must put an end to this péril; en — , to make an end of it; c'en est fini de . . ., ... are over; — par, finally.

firmament, m., firmament.

fixé, -e, appointed, decided, planned.

fixer, to fix, settle, look steadfastly at, establish, stop; se — , to fall upon, be fixed.

flamber, to flame, blaze,

burn.

flamboyant, -e, flaming, flar-

ing.

flamboyer, to shine, gleam.

flamme, /., flame, fire, passion, ardor.

flammenwerfer (a German

word), liquid fire.

flanc, m., flank, side; dans

ses — s, within.

flèche, /., spire, arrow.

fléchir, to give way, bend.

fleur, /., flower; en — , in

bloom.

fleur-de-lis, /., lily (emblem

of the monarchy).

fleurdelysé, -e, adorned with

fleur-de-lis.

fleurir, to adorn, deck with

flowers, bloom.

fleuve, m., river.

flocon, m., flake.

flot, m., flood-tide,wave, shed-

ding, crowd, rush.

flottaison, /., ligne de — ,

water-line.

flotter, to float, wave.

fluet, -te, délicate. foi, /., faith; ma — ! upon

my word! indeed! well!

faire — , to be évidence.

fois, /., time; une — , once;

une — de plus, once more;

une — encore, once more;

à la — , at the same time;

toutes les — , every time;

bien des — , many times;

encore une — , once more.

folâtre, amusing.

2ÔO

Vocabulaire

follement, madly.

foncer, to dash, descend upon.

fonctionnaire, m., officiai.

fonctionner, to function.

fond, m., depth, bottom, farthest end, rear, background, distance; sur leur — bleu, on their field of Mue; par le — , to the bottom.

fondateur, m., founder.

fondement, m., foundation.

fonder, to found.

fondre, to pounce.

fondrière, /., pit, gully.

fontaine, /., fountain.

fonte, /., pig-iron, brass.

foot-ball, m., football.

force, /., strength, force, power; à — de, by dint of; de — , forcibly; un peu au-dessus de ses — s, a little more than he can do.

forcément, necessarily.

forcené, -e, fu~ious, frantic.

forcer, to storm, break into, force.

forêt, /., fores t.

forfait, m., crime.

forger, to forge.

forgeron, m., blacksmith, iron-master.

formation, /., formation.

forme, /., form, shape, outline; le haut de — , the silk hat.

formel, -le, forma , positive, express.

former, to form; se — , to be trained.

formidable, terrible, formidable.

fort, -e, strong, powerful; place — , fortified town or city; les Forts, the strong (the Americans).

fort, adv., very; embrasser bien — , to kiss very affectionately.

fort, m., fort.

fortement, heavily.

forteresse, /., fortress, imprisonment.

fortifier, to strengthen, fortify.

fortin, m., little fort.

fortune, /., good luck.

fossé, m., trench, ditch, moat.

fou, folle, mad, wild, insane.

foudre, /., thunder; coup de — , thunderbolt.

foudroyant, -e, startling, crushing.

fouetter, to lash.

fougue, /., spirit, ardor.

fouiller, to search.

foule, /., crowd.

fouler, to tread on.

fourmilière, /., swarm (usually of ants).

fournaise, /., furnace, hell.

fourneau, m.y furnace; minechamber, mine.

fournir, to furnish, make, be made.

fourragère, /., fourragère; la — la plus élevée, the fourragère of the highest order.

fourré, -e, fur-lined.

Vocabulaire

fourrer, to thrust.

fourrier, m., quartermaster.

foyer, m., home, hearth.

fracas, m., roar, din, noise, fragment, m., fragment.

frais, fraîche, fresh, newly

made, cool, refreshing.

français, -e, French.

français, m., French (lan-

guage).

Français, m., Frenchman.

Française, /. , Frenchwoman.

franchir, to cross, leap over,

get through, go through.

franger, to fringe.

frapper, to knock, hit, strike,

tap; — à mort, to kill.

fraternel, -le, brotherly.

fraternellement, fraternally.

fraterniser, to fraternize.

fraternité, /., fraternity,

brotherhood.

se frayer, to trace; se — un

passage, to make one's

way, to make a passage

for oneself.

frêle, frail.

frémir, to shudder, tremble,

thrill.

frémissant, -e, thrilled.

frêne, m., ash, ash tree frénésie, /., frenzy.

frénétique, frantic; atteindre au — , to reach a stage

of frenzy.

frénétiquement, with frenzy.

fréquent, -e, fréquent.

se fréquenter, to visit one

another often.

frère, m., brother.

frisson, m., thrill, shudder; nous donna le — , made us shudder; au souffle d'un — , thrilled by the émotion of a people.

frissonner, to tremble, quiver; be thrilled.

froid, m., cold, cool, calm; avoir — , to be cold; il faisait un — noir, it was bitter cold; il fait — , it is cold.

froideur, /., cold.

front, m., forehead, head, front; façade; sur le — de la Somme, to the Somme front; le — bas, with head bent; faire — , to face; le — de mer, the sea front.

frontière, /., frontier.

fruit, m., fruit.

fugiti-f, ve, fleeting, revolving.

fuir, to rlee from, fly from, run away.

fuite, /., flight.

fumée, /., smoke-clouds, fume, smoke, column of smoke.

fumer, to smoke, send forth little streams of smoke.

fur, m., au — et à mesure que, as.

fureur, /., passion.

furie, /., fury.

furieusement, furiously.

furi-eux, -euse, furious.

fusée, /., rocket; — s en gerbe, sheaf-like rockets.

fuser, to escape, expand.

Vocabulaire

fusil, m., rifle, gun; coup de

— , shot.

fusillade, /., firing. .

futur, -e, future.

gage, m., pledge, token.

gager, to wager, bet.

gageure, /., wager, bet; c'est

une — ! it's a put up job!

gagner, to gain, reach, seize,

win, spread (throughout),

earn, capture.

gai, -e, cheerful.

gaiement, cheerfully.

gaillard, m., fellow, chap.

gaîté, /., cheerfulness.

galette, /., flatcake; poitrine

en — , flat chest.

galon, m., stripe (indicating

rank of officers).

galvaniser, to electrify.

gamin, m.9 youngster.

gant, m. 9 glove.

ganter, to glove; gantés de

blanc, with or in white

gloves.

garantir, to assure.

garçon, m., boy, young man.

garçonet, m., little boy.

garde, /., guard; de — , on

guard, on duty; prendre

— , to take care; chien de

— , watch dog.

garder, to keep, retain, maintain, guard, préserve, take

care of, hold.

gare, /., station; — de l'Est,

station of the Eastern Rail-

way.

se garer (de), to get out of

the way of; gare à toi,

look out for yourself.

garnison, /., garrison.

gars, m., lad, young fellow.

gas, m., lad.

gâterie, /., fond indulgence.

gauche, /., left, libéral side.

gaulois, -e, Gallic.

gaz, m., gas; à plein — , full

speed.

gazette, /., newspaper.

géant, -e, giant, gigantic.

géant, m., giant.

geindre, to moan, whine.

gémir, to moan.

gendarme, m., policeman. général, w., gênerai.

général, -e, gênerai; grand

quartier général, Grand

Headquarters, G. H. Q.

généralissime, m., general-

issimo.

génération, /., génération, généreusement, generously.

généreu-x, -se, generous,

noble, courageous.

générosité, /., generosity,

nobleness.

génie, m., genius, engineers,

spirit ; homme du — , engi-

neer.

genou, m., knee; se mettre

à — x, to kneel.

gens, m.f.pl., people, folks,

men.

gentil, -le, pretty, good,

sweet, nice.

gentilhomme, m., noble-

man.

Vocabulaire

gentiment, nicely, like a good

boy, generously. géographie,/., geography.^ gerbe, /., sheaf, wreath, jet;

fusées en — , sheaf-like

rockets.

germanique, Germanie.

geste, m., gesture, action,

deed, act.

gibier, m., game; mauvais —

que cet oiseau, bad game

that bird.

gigantesque, gigantic.

gisait, was lying.

gîte, m., quarters, home, glacé, -e, icy.

glacial, -e, icy.

glaçon, m. y pièce of ice,

icicle.

gland, m. f acorn.

glisser, to glide, glide by; faire

— , to slide; se — , to steal,

creep, creep in.

glauque, green.

globe, m. y globe.

gloire, /., glory, glorious

deed.

glorieu-x, -se, glorious.

glycine, /., glycine, wistaria.

gnon, m. y wound, blow

(slang).

gorge, /., throat; à — déployée, heartily.

gouffre, m. y abyss.

goumier, m.y cavalryman

(African) . goût, m., taste.

goûter, m., luncheon; — de

quatre heures, four o'clock

luncheon.

goutte, /., drop, gouttelette, /., drop, gouvernement, m., govern-

ment.

gouverner, to steer.

gouverneur, m., governor.

grabat, m.t pallet, poor little

bed.

grâce, /., grâce; — à, thanks

to; par la — de, thanks

to.

gracieu-x, -se, kind, oblig-

ing, graceful, gracious.

gradé, m., officer.

gradin, m., step, tier.

grain, m., bead.

grammaire, /., grammar.

grand, -e, great, tall, good,

profound, noble, large, big;

en — e tenue, in full dress;

les — s, the older ones; ouvrir toute — e, to throw wide

open.

grandeur, /., greatness, no-

bility, grandeur.

grandiose, grand, grandiose.

grandir, to grow, increase,

grow up.

grandissant, -e, increasing.

grand-père, m., grandfather.

gratitude, /., gratitude; prêt

à toutes les — s, ready to

appreciate ail kinds of

care.

grave, grave, serious, solemn,

critical.

gravement, seriously, gravely,

solemnly.

graver, to engrave.

graveur, m., engraver,

Vocabulaire

gravité, /., gravity, serious-

ness, solemnity.

gré, m., will; au — de, at

the mercy of.

grêle, /., hail.

grelotter, to shiver.

grenade, /., grenade.

grève, /., sand, beach.

gribouillage, m., scrawl, scrib-

bling.

grille, /., gâte.

gris, -e, gray.

grisâtre, grayish.

grison, m.y firedamp.

grognard, m., grumbler, vétéran (of Napoléon I).

grondement, m., roaring,

booming.

gronder, to rumble, roar, scold.

gros, -se, large, thick, heavy,

big.

gros, m., main body.

grossir, to become larger.

groupe, m., group, army or

armies.

se grouper, to gather.

guenille, /., rag, tatter.

guérir, to recover, get well

again, cure.

guérison, /., recovery; en

bonne voie de — , well on

the way to recovery.

guerre, /., war; ministre de

la — , Secretary of War.

guerrier, m., warrior.

guerri-er, -ère, warlike.

guetter, to watch, lie in wait

for.

gueule, /., mouth.

guider, to guide.

h. = heure.

H. P. = horse-power.

habile, quick, skilful.

habilement, ably, skilfully.

habileté, /., quickness, clever-

ness.

habitant, m., inhabitant.

habiter, to live, live in.

habits, m. pi., clothes; — du

dimanche, Sunday clothes;

— de fête, holiday clothes.

habitué, m., customer, friend.

habituel, -le, usual.

habituer, to accustom; s' — ,

to accustom oneself.

habitude, /., habit; d' — ,

usual; à son — , as usual.

hacher, to interrupt, break

into.

haï, -e, hated.

haie, /., hedge, line, row.

haine, /., hatred.

haleine,/., breath; hors d' — ,

out of breath.

haletant, -e, breathless.

haler, to tow, haul.

hallucination, /., hallucination.

hameau, m., hamlet.

hampe, /., staff.

hangar, m., hangar, aéroplane

shed.

hanter, to haunt, ring with.

hardi, -e, bold.

harmonie, /., harmony.

hasard, w., hazard, chance;

au — , at random.

hâte, /., hàste; à la — , in

Vocabulaire

haste; en toute — , in great haste.

se hausser, to rise higher, win glory.

haut, m., top, upper end; du — du ciel, from up in the sky; du — en bas, from top to bottom; dans le — , in the upper part; de bas en — , from below.

haut, -e, high, haughty, proud, tall; haut les coeurs ! hâve confidence !

tout — , out loud; de — e lutte, by a violent struggle; le — de forme, the silk hat.

hautbois, m,, oboe (musical instrument), organ stop.

hautement, loudly.

hauteur,/., height.

hécatombe, /., hecatomb.

hein! eh! hey!

hélas! alas!

hélice, /., propeller, screwpropeller.

hello! hello!

hémisphère, m., hémisphère.

herbe, /., grass.

hérissé, -e, bristling.

héritage, m., inheritance.

héritier, w., heir.

héroïque, heroic.

héroïquement, heroically.

héros, m. , hero.

hésitation, /., hésitation.

hésiter, to hesitate.

heure, /., hour, proper moment, moment; à trois — s, at three o'clock; à la bonne — ! well and good!

that would hâve been worth while; tout à V — in a little while, soon, a little while ago.

heurt, m., knock, blow, shock; sans — , unshaken.

heureu-x, -se, happy, successful, lucky, glorious.

heurter, to crowd against, stumble against, dash against.

hier, yesterday.

hirsute, unshaven.

hisser, to raise.

histoire, /., history, story.

historien, m., historian.

hiver, m., winter. •

holocauste, m., sacrifice.

hommage, m., homage.

homme, m., man; les " hommes," the soldiers, the privâtes; — par — , one man at a time (a graduai falling back).

honnête, honest.

honneur, m., honor, crédit; pour V — , on the field of honor, honorably; être à V — , to share the honors.

honorer, to honor.

honte, /., shame; avoir — , to be ashamed.

honteu-x, -se, shamefaced.

hôpital, w., hospital.

horde, /., horde.

horizon, m., horizon; bleu — , horizon blue (color of French unif orm) ; aux quatre — s, in the four corners of the sky.

Vocabulaire

horizontalité, /., horizontal

position. horreur, /., horror.

hors, out; — d'haleine, out

of breath; — de, beyond.

hôte, m., guest, host.

hôtel, m., inn, hôtel; — de

ville, city hall.

houle, /., swell (of the sea),

mass.

houleu-x, -se, rolling, swell-

ing.

houppelande, /., overcoat.

hourra! hurrah!

hourrah! hurrah!

huée, /., hooting.

huile,/., oil.

huit, eight; — jours, week.

humain, -e, human.

humanité, /., humanity, man-

kind, mass of humanity,

people.

humble, humble.

humeur,/., humor.

humide, moist, wet.

humidité, m., dampness.

hurlement, m., groan, howl.

hurler, to howl, yell.

hussard, m., hussar.

hydravion, m., hydroplane, hyène, /., hyena.

hymne, m.} hymn, anthem.

ici, hère; jusqu' — , up to this

time.

idéal, m., idcal.

idée, /., idea.

s'identifier, to identify itself.

identité, /., identity; papiers

d' — , identification papers.

idole, /., idol.

ignoble, ignoble, base, vile, ignorance, /., ignorance.

ignoré, -e, unknown.

ignorer, to be ignorant, not to

know.

il, he, it.

illumination, /., inspiration, illuminer, to light up, illumi-

nate.

illustre, illustrious.

illustrer, to illustrate, render

illustrious.

illusion, /., illusion.

ils, they.

image, /., image, picture.

imaginaire, imaginary.

imagination, / , imagination.

imaginer, to imagine.

imiter, to imitate.

immédiatement, immediate-

ly.

immense, immense, tremen-

dous, boundless.

immensité, /.. boundless

space.

immobile, motionless.

s'immobiliser, to stand still.

immonde, foui.

immortel, -le, immortal. impassible, unmoved, calm.

impatience,/, impatience.

impatient, -e, impatient.

impérial, -e, impérial.

impérieu-x, -se, urgent.

impérissable, imperishable,

undying.

impetueu-x, -se, impetuous.

Vocabulaire

implacable, implacable.

importance, /., importance.

importer, to matter, be of importance, to be important; qu'importent ... ! what matters ... ! n'importe !

no matter! peu importe qu'il voie, little does it matter if he does see.

imposant, -e, impressive.

imposer, to impose; en — , to overawe.

impossible, impossible.

imprescriptible, indefeasible.

impressionnant, -e, impressive.

impressionner, to affect.

improvisation, /., extemporization.

imprudence, f., imprudence.

impulsion, /., impulse.

impunément, with impunity.

impur, -e, impure.

inaccoutumé, -e, unusuaL

inac"i-f, -ve, ina tive.

inaction, /., inaction.

inappréciable, invaluable.

inarticulé, inarticulate.

inattention, /., inattention.

inaugurer, to inaugurate.

incalculable, innumerable.

incarner, to incarnate.

incendie, m., burning, fire.

incendier, to burn down.

incessant, -e, incessant.

incident, m., incident.

incliné, -e, tilted.

s'incliner, to bow.

incomparable, peerless, incomparable.

inconnu, m., unknown.

inconsciemment, uncon-

sciously.

inconsolable, inconsolable.

incontestable, indisputable,

incontestable.

incroyable, incredible.

inculquer, to inculcate.

indécis, -e, indistinct, uncer-

tain, undecisive, faint,

pale.

indécision, /., hésitation.

indescriptible, indescribable.

indestructible, indestructible,

unalterable.

indicible, unspeakable.

indifférence, /., indifférence.

indigène, m., native.

indignation, /., indignation.

indigne, unworthy.

indiquer, to point out.

indiscret, m., intruder.

individu, m., individual.

individuellement, individu-

ally.

indivisible, indivisible.

indomptable, indomitable.

industrie, /., industry.

inébranlable, unshaken, res-

olute, steady.

ineffable, unspeakable, ineffable.

inégal, -e, unequal.

inégalable, unprecedented.

inépuisable, inexhaustible.

inerte, lifeless, inactive.

infaillible, infaUible.

infanterie, /., infantry.

infatigable, indefatigable.

infernal, infernal.

Vocabulaire

infini, -e, infinité.

infiniti-f, -ve, infinitive

(mood).

infirmière, /., nurse.

inflexion, /., tone, inflection.

influence, /., influence.

informer, to inform.

s'informer, to inquire.

infortuné, m., unfortunate

fellow.

infuser, to infuse.

s'ingénier, to strive.

ingénu, -e, innocent.

ingratitude, /., ingratitude,

unpleasantness.

ingurgiter, to make one swal-

low.

inintelligible, unintelligble.

ininterrompu, -e, uninter-

rupted.

initiative, /., initiative.

injuste, unjust.

injustice, /., injustice, wrong.

inlassable, untiring, indefat-

igable.

innocence, /., innocence.

innombrable, numberless,

countless.

inofïensi-f, -ve, inoffensive. inoubliable, never to be for-

gotten.

inouï, -e, unheard of, unpre-

cedented, extraordinary.

inqui-et, -ète, worried.

inquiétant, -e, alarming.

inquiétude,/., anxiety.

insatiable, insatiable.

inscription, /., inscription,

registry.

inscrire, to write, inscribe.

s'inscrire, to inscribe oneself; il s'y inscrit, he joins it.

insensible, insensible.

insensiblement, imperceptibly, little by little.

inséparable, inséparable.

insistance, /., insistence.

insister, to insist, persist, urge.

insolence, /., impertinence.

insolent, -e, insolent; used as adv.7 with insolence.

insolite, unusual.

insouciant, -e, reckless.

inspecter, to inspect.

inspecteur, m., inspector

inspiration, /., inspiration.

inspirer, to inspire.

instable, unstable.

installer, to establish, station; s' — , to install oneself, arrange oneself; faire — ses hôtes, to hâve one's guests shown to their rooms.

instant, m., instant, moment, hour; à 1' — , just now, this instant.

instantanément, instantaneously.

instituteur, ra., schoolmaster.

institution, /., institution.

institutrice,/., schoolmistress.

instinct, m., instinct.

instinctivement, instinctively.

instituer, to institute, found.

instruction, /., training, éducation.

instruire, to examine; s' — , to learn.

instruit, -e, educated.

Vocabulaire

instrument, m., instrument.

insuccès, w., failure.

insupportable, unbearable.

insurgé, -e, insurgent.

insurrection. ■/., rébellion.

intégral, -e, intégral, complète.

intègre, upright.

intelligence, /., intelligence.

intense, intense, bright.

intensité,/., intensity.

intéressé, -e, interested.

intéresser, to interest.

intérêt, m., interest.

intérieur, m., interior, rear.

interloqué, -e, nonplussed, disconcerted.

interminable, endless.

s'interpeller, to speak to one another.

interprète, m., interpréter, expounder.

interpréter, to interpret.

interrogation, /., question.

interroger, to question.

interrompre, to interrupt; s* — , to stop.

intervalle, m., interval.

intervenir, to intervene.

intime, intimate.

intimité, /., intimacy.

intolérable, intolérable.

intonation, /., intonation.

intrépide, fearless.

intruse, /., intruder.

intuition,/., intuition.

inutile, useless, in vain.

invasion, /., invasion.

investir, to invest.

invincible, invincible.

invisible, invisible.

inviter, to invite.

invocation, /., invocation.

irrésistible, irrésistible.

irrité, -e, irritated, angered,

provoked.

isolé, -e, isolated.

Italien, m., Italian.

ivoire, m., ivory.

ivresse, /., enthusiasm.

jabot, m. y jabot, frill.

jadis, formerly, once; de — ,

of former days.

jaillir, to burst forth.

se jalonner, to be marked

(out).

jalousement, jealously.

jaloux, m., jealous man; point

de — , no jealousies.

jalou-x, -se, jealous.

jamais (ne), ever, never; —

plus (ne), never more,

never again; ne . . . plus — ,

never more; à — , forever jambe,/., leg; à toutes — s, as

fast as their legs could

carry them.

jardin, m., garden.

jardinet, m., small garden.

jaune, yellow.

je, I.

Jean, John.

jet, m., jet.

jeter, to throw out, hurl, ut-

ter, dash, add, throw

down, shout, throw, fling,

Vocabulaire

write hurriedly, cast; — un coup d'oeil circulaire, to look around; — un coup d'œil, to glance; se — , to dash.

jeu, m., game; en — , at stake

jeudi, m., Thursday.

jeune, young; (as a noun) young people.

jeunesse,/., youth.

joie, /., joy.

se joindre, to be joined or united; join.

joint, -e, joined, clasped.

joint, m., joint.

joli, -e, pretty, beautiful.

joncher, to strew, heap, cover.

jonction,/., junction.

joue,/., cheek.

jouer, (à) or (de), to play; se — , to be played.

jouet, m., toy.

joufflu, -e, chubby.

joug, m., yoke.

jouissance, /., enjoyment.

jour, m., day, light; ce là,

on that day; se faire — , to make its way, corne to light; showitself; huit — s, a week; quinze — s, two weeks; à son — , on his day; sur ces vieux — , in his old âge; au petit — , at daybreak; dans le petit — , at daybreak; l'ordre du — , gênerai orders.

journal, m., newspaper, journal.

journaliste, «., journalist.

journée, /., day; de toute la —, during the whole day;

la — de demain, the events

of tomorrow.

journellement, daily.

joyeu-x, -se, joyous, cheer-

ful, glad; soyez — de nous,

rejoice in us.

juger, to consider.

juillet, m., July.

juin, m., June.

jumelle, /., field glass.

jument,/., mare.

jupe, /., skirt.

jurer, to swear, assure.

jusant, m., ebb-tide.

jusqu'à, until, up to, to, as

far as, even.

jusqu'à ce que, until.

jusque, even, as far as, to;

— sous son toit, to seek protection under her roof; jusqu'où, where.

juste, just; au — , exactly; je ne sais pas au — , I do not know which; c'est tout

— si, it is barely possible that.

justement, just.

justesse, /., justness.

justice, /., justice, the judi-

cial system, courts.

justifier, to just if y.

juvénile, youthful.

kaiser, m., Kaiser.

képi, m., cap.

kil. = kilomètre, kilomètre, m., kilometer (f of a mile).

Vocabulaire

kiosque, m., kiosque.

kronprinz, m., Crown Prince (of the German Empire).

V = le or la.

la, art., the.

la, pron.y her, it.

là, there; ça et — , hère and

there.

là-bas, over there, the (bat-

tle) front.

laborieu-x, -se, industrious,

hard.

lâcher, to release, send out,

drop, tire.

lâcheté, /., cowardly act.

laconiquement, laconically, in

few words.

lacrymogène, tear producing;

gaz — , tear gas.

là-dessus, thereupon, on this

subject; in connection with

this subject.

là-haut, over there (at the

front), up there.

laine,/., wool.

laisser, to leave, let, give, lead,

allow, bequeath, abandon;

— tomber, to drop, utter;

— à désirer, to be unsatisfactory; — voir, to show; nul n'en laisse rien voir, no one shows any outward sign of it; se — , to allow oneself; laissaient apercevoir un jardin, a garden could be seen from

lait, m., milk.

lame, /., wave.

lamentable, mournful, rueful.

lamentation. /., lamentation.

lampe, /., lamp.

lancer, to hurl, issue, launch;

se — , to start out.

langue, /., tongue.

lapin, m., rabbit, fellow, (a

term of endearment some-

what like "boys").

laquelle, which.

large, m.} open sea; au — de,

off.

large, big, wide, powerful,

long.

largement, amply, fully,

largely.

larme,/., tear.

las, -se, tired, weary.

laurier, m., laurel, honor,

glory.

lave, /., lava.

se laver, to wash.

le, art., the.

le, pron., it, him.

leçon, /., lesson.

lecteur, m., reader.

lecture, /., reading; faire la

— de, to read; donner — ,

to read.

légendaire, legendary.

légende, /., legend.

lég-er, -ère, slight, light, nim-

ble, light-hearted. légèrement, slightly.

légion, /., légion.

légionnaire, m., legionary,

member of the légion, légitime, legitimate, just.

légitimement, justly.

Vocabulaire

lendemain, m., next day; le — matin, the next morning.

lent, -e, slow.

lentement, slowly.

lequel, who.

les, art., the.

les, pron., them.

lésiner, to be stingy.

lesquels, who, which.

lestement, briskly, quickly.

lettre, /., letter; boîtes aux — s, letter-box; bout de — , Une or two.

leur, to them, them.

leur, leurs, pos. adj., their; les — , theirs.

se leurer, to delude oneself.

levée, /., gathering, mobilisation, rising.

lever, to raise; levant la tête, holding our heads up; se — , to rise, stand up, get

up, arise, raise; tout

entier, to rise as one.

lèvre,/., lip.

liaison, /., liaison.

libéra-teur, -trice, liberating, of libération; la révolution libératrice, the révolution of libération.

libérateur, m., liberator.

libération, /., libération.

libérer, to free.

liberté, /., liberty, freedom.

libraire, m., bookseller, publisher.

libre, free, voluntary.

librement, freely, of one's own free will.

lien, m., bond, tie.

lier, to bind.

lieu, m., place, scène; avoir — , to take place; en premier — , in the first place; au — de, instead of.

lieutenant, m., lieutenant; — de vaisseau, naval lieutenant.

ligne,/., line; entrer en — , to go into line; — de feu, firing line; — de flottaison, water line.

lignée, /., ofïspring, descendants.

limite, /., limit.

limpide, clear.

linceul, m., shroud.

lire, to read.

lit, m., bed.

littéralement, literally.

littoral, m., coast, shore.

liquide, m., liquid; — enflammé, liquid fire.

livide, livid.