livre, m., book
livrer, to fight, give up, hand over, présent; se — , to be fought; — à, to indulge in.
loger, to house, billet; se — , to find shelter.
loi, /., law
loin, far; plus — que, beyond; — de, far from; au — , in the distance, far away, afar.
lointain, -e, distant
lointain, m., distance; du — , from afar.
loisir, m., leisure.
l'on = on.
Vocabulaire
long, -ue, long; le — de, along; tout au — , at full length.
longtemps, a long while, long, a long time; des — , a long while ago; — encore, for a long time to corne; plus — , any longer, longer; si — , for so long a time.
longuement, a long time.
looping, i»., looping.
loqueteu-x, -se, tattered.
lors, then; dès — , then, since then, from that moment; — de, at the time of; depuis — , since then.
lorsque, when.
loto, m. y lotto.
louange, /., praise.
loup, m., wolf.
lourd, -e, heavy, weighty, slow, big; le cœur — , with a heavy heart; — e indécision, anxious hésitation.
lourdement, heavily.
lourdeur, /., weight.
loyal, -e, loyal.
loyer, m., rent.
lueur, /., light.
lui, him, to him, to her, in her, to it, with it, he, her, at him, from her, from it.
lui-même, itself, himself.
luire, to shine, glitter, gleam.
lumière, /., light, daylight.
lumineu-x, -se, luminous.
lune, /., moon; rayon de — , moonbeam.
lunettes, /. pi., spectacles.
lutte, /., struggle, fighting;
de haute — , by a violent
struggle.
lutter, to struggle, fight.
lutteur, m., fight. lycée, m.f collège (for boys or
girls from 8 to 18 years of
âge).
lycéen, m., collège boy.
M. = monsieur.
MM. = messieurs, m? = me.
ma, adj., my.
machinalement, mechani-
cally.
machine, /., engine, engine
or implement of war;
faire — arrière, back
water.
madame, madam, Mrs.
mademoiselle, miss.
magasin, m., store.
Mages, the three wise men
who followed the star to
Bethlehem.
magistral, -e, masterly magistralement, in a masterly
way.
magistrat, m., magistrate magnanime, generous, mag-
nanimous.
magnifique, magnificent.
magnifiquement, nobly.
mai, m., May.
maigre, thin, frail.
main, /., hand; poignée de
— , handshake; se serrer la
Vocabulaire
— , to shake hands; serrer
la — à, to shake hands
with; bien des — s, many
a hand.
maint, -e, many a, many.
maintenant, now.
maintenir, to maintain, keep
up, nourish.
mairie,/., town-hall.
mais, but.
maison, /., house; à la — , at
home; — militaire, mili-
tary staff.
maître, m., master; — d'école,
schoolmaster; sans — , free.
maîtresse, /., mistress; — de
sa manœuvre, in full con-
trol of her manœuvers.
maîtrise, /., choir school.
majesté,/., majesty.
majestueu-x, -se, majestic.
major, m., major; — de la
promotion, cadet officer
responsible for class. mal, adv.y badly, bad; j'ai —
compris, I hâve misunder-
stood; trop — , too little;
se sentir — , to f eel weak or
sick.
mal, m. , misfortune, suffering,
harm.
malade, sick.
malade, m., patient.
maladie, /., illness.
mâle, manly, virile.
malédiction, /., curse.
malfaisant, -e, evil.
malgré, in spite of.
malheur, m., misfortune; par
—, unfortunately.
malheureusement, unfortunately.
malheureux. m.; poor person, poor fellow.
malheur eu-x, -se, unhappy, unfortunate.
malhonnête, dishonest.
malicieusement, roguishly.
malicieu-x, -se, malicious.
maltraité, -e, eut up.
maman, /., marna, mother.
mam' selle, = mademoiselle.
manche, /., sleeve; en — s de chemise, in shirt sleeves.
manchette, /., wrist-band.
mandarine, /., tangerine.
mânes, m. pi., shades.
manette, /., hand-gear.
manger, to eat.
maniable, manageable.
manier, to handle.
manière,/., way, manner; de — à, so as.
manifestation, /., manifestation, démonstration.
manifester, to show.
manivelle, /., handle, crank.
manœuvre, /., manoevre; de — , manoeuvring.
manœuvrer, to manoeuvre.
manquer, to miss, fail, be missing, be lacking.
manteau, m., cloak.
marais, m.y marsh.
marbre, m., marble; sur le marbre, in marble.
marchand, m., dealer.
marche, /., march, step, progress, marching; en — , on the march; de — , of the
Vocabulaire
Une; avec — à petite vitesse, at slow speed.
marcher, to march, march on, walk, move.
mare, /., pool.
maréchal, m., marshal.
marée/., tide.
mari, m.} husband.
se marier, to blend.
marin, -e, of the sea.
marin, m., sailor.
marine, /., navy.
marinier, m., officiers — s, petty officers.
maritime, maritime.
marmite, /., (slang) shell.
marmot, m., child, youngster.
marocain, m.f Moroccan soldier.
marquer, to mark, sélect, note; se — , to be marked, stamped, expressed.
marraine, /., godmother.
mars, w., March.
marsouin, m., porpoise; marine.
martial, -e, martial, warlike.
martyr, -e, martyred.
martyr, m., martyr.
martyrisé, -e, martyred.
massacrer, to massacre.
masse, /., mass; en — , in a body, in a mass.
se masser, to mass themselves, be massed, assemble.
massi-f, -ve, solid, heavy.
mastodonte, m., mastodon; colossal aéroplane.
mât, m., mast; — de misaine, foremast.
matelot, m.f sailor.
matériel, m., equipment, stores.
maternel, -le, maternai, mother's.
mathématique, exact, mathematical.
matière, /., matter, material, stores.
matin, m., morning; le lendemain — , the next morning; ce là, on that morning.
matinée, /., morning.
maudire, to curse.
maudit, -e, cursed.
maussade, gloomy, dull.
mauvais, -e, bad, evil, slanderous, unpleasant, broken.
mauve, mauve, mauve-colored, lavender.
maxime, /., maxim.
me, me, to me.
mécanicien, m., mechanic, engineer.
méchant, -e, bad, vicious.
mèche,/., wick.
méconnaître, to disregard.
médaille, /., medal.
médecin, m., doctor, physician; — -chef, headsurgeon.
méditation, /., méditation.
méditer, to meditate, plan.
meilleur, -e, best, better.
mélancolie, /., melancholy.
mélancolique, melancholy, mournful.
mêlée, /., conflict.
Vocabulaire
mêler, to play a part, take
part; se — , to mingle.
mélodie, m., melody.
membre, m., member, limb.
même, same, every, very,
itself, personiried, own, one,
even; quand — , in spite of
everything, just the same;
tout de — , just the same;
de — que, just as.
mémoire, /., memory; de — ,
in the memory.
mémorable, mémorable.
menace, /., threat, menace.
menacer, to threaten.
ménager, to spare, arrange.
mendier, to beg (for).
mener, to lead, drive, bring.
menteur, m., liar.
menton, m., chin. menu, -e, small.
mépris, m.y contempt, scorn.
mépriser, to scorn.
mer, /., sea; le front de — ,
the sea front.
mercenaire, mercenary, hire-
ling.
mère,/., mother.
mère-patrie, /., mother-coun-
try.
mériter, to merit, deserve;
— de la patrie, to merit the gratitude of the country, to be worthy of the fatherland.
merveille,/., wonder, marvel;
— à en pleurer, etc., so marvelous that one weeps with, etc. ; c'était — , it was marvelous.
merveilleusement, marvelously.
merveill-eux, — euse, marvelous.
mes, adj.j my.
mésaventure,/., mishap.
message, m., message; le Message, the message of Victory.
messager, m., messenger.
messe, /., mass.
messieurs, m. pi., gentlemen; ces — d'en face, those gentlemen across the way (the Germans).
mesure, /., measure, size, greatness, limit; dans la
— de mes moyens, as far as it is within my power; à — que, as; au fur et à —
— que, as; dans une certaine — , to a certain extent.
métal, m., métal.
métallique, metallic.
métaphysique, metaphysical.
méthode, /., method.
méthodique, methodical work, methodical, careful.
métier, m., trade; de — , by trade.
mètre, m., meter (39! inches).
métro, m., subway (metropolitan).
mettre, to put, show, put on, place, make, drive, fix, bring, keep; — à profit, to take advantage of; — en œuvre, to employ; se — , to begin, to place ourselves; se — de la partie,
to join in the game; se — à V écart, to fall out (of ranks) , step aside ; se — à, to set to, begin; se — à table, to sit down at the table; se — à genoux, to kneel.
meuble, m., furniture.
meurtri-er, -ère, murderous.
miaulement, m., mewing, singing.
midi, noon; à — sonnant, at the stroke of twelve; southern part of France.
mien (le), mine.
mienne (la), mine.
mieux, better; bien — encore, still better.
milieu, m., center, middle; en plein — , amidship; au — de, in the midst of.
militaire, military.
militairement, in military fashion.
mille, thousand, a thousand
mille, m., mile.
millier, m., thousand.
million, m., million.
mince, thin, slender.
mine, /., look, looks, mien.
mineur, m., miner.
ministère, m., department; — de la guerre, War Department.
ministre, m.y minister; — de la Guerre, Secretary of War.
minuit, midnight.
minuscule, small.
minute, /., minute, moment; de — en — , every minute.
mioche, m.y baby.
miracle, m., miracle.
miraculeu-x, -se, miraculous.
miroitement, m., glistening.
misaine, /., foresail; mât de — , foremast.
mise,/., putting.
misérable, wretched.
misère, /., misery, calamity, distress, misfortune.
mission, /., mission.
mitraille,/., machine-gun flre, shrapnel.
mitraillé, -e, riddled with machine-gun bullets.
mitrailleur, m., machinegunner.
mitrailleuse, m.y machinegun.
mixte, mixed.
Mme, madam.
Mlle, mademoiselle.
mobile, moving.
mobilisation, /., mobilization.
mobiliser, to mobilize.
modèle, m., model.
moderne, modem.
modeste, modest.
modestie, /., modesty.
modestement, modestly.
mœurs, /. pL, customs, manners.
moi, I, me; comme — , like myself.
moi-même, myself.
moindre, least, slightest.
moine, m., monk.
moins, less, least; d'autant — que, ail the less because; du — , at least; c'est bien
Vocabulaire
le — , that 's the least that could be donc
mois, m., month; par — , a month.
moissonner, to harvest.
moitié,/., half.
moment, m., moment, time, hour; du — où, the moment that.
mon, adj., my.
monarchie, /., monarchy.
monde, m., world, people, nation; tout le — , everybody; le — nouveau, the new world brought into existence by the French Révolution.
monoplace, m., monoplane (with one seat).
monoplan, m., monoplane.
monotone, monotonous.
monsieur, m.y gentleman, mister.
monstre, m., monster.
monstrueu-x, -se, monstrous, huge.
montagne,/., mountain.
monter, to rise, mount, ascend, corne up, increase, prépare, climb, plan ; — à Passaut de, to storm; en montant, to the north (of the map) ; — en chair, to ascend the platform.
montrer, to show; se — , to show oneself.
monture, /., frame, mounting.
monument, w., édifice, monument.
monumental, -e, monumental.
moqueu-r, -se, scornful, jeering.
moral, -e, moral.
moral, m., morale, spirits.
moralement, morally.
morceau, m., pièce.
mordre, to gnaw, bite, hold fast.
mort, -e, dead; qui sont — s, who died; est-il (fort) — ? has it surrendered?
mort, m.} dead man; les — s, the dead; debout, les morts! Rise, ye dead!
mort,/., death; toucher à — , to mortally wound; frapper à mort, to kill.
mortel, -le, mortal, fatal, deadly.
mot, m., word, note, sentence; sans — dire, without saying a word; un bon — , a witty remark.
moteur, m., moving power, motor.
motif, m. y motive.
mou, molle, soft.
mouche, /., fly.
mouchoir, m., handkerchief.
moudre, to grind; — notre café, (literally) to grind our coffee. The machine gun was of ten called the moulin à café, hence, — le café means to attack with machine-gun fire.
mouette, /., gull, sea-gull.
mouiller, to moisten, wet.
Vocabulaire
moulin, m., mill.
mourant, m., dying man.
mourir, to die.
mousquetaire, m,, musketeer.
moustache, /., mustache.
moutonnement, m., le — de ses toits, the sheep-like gathering of its roofs.
mouvement, m., movement, gesture.
moyen, m., means, way, power; un — quelconque, any means; dans la mesure de mes — s, as far as it is within my power.
muet, -te, silent.
mugir, to roar.
multicolore, multi-colored.
multiple, many, numerous.
multiplié, -e, manifold, fréquent.
multiplier, to multiply.
municipal, -e, municipal.
munition, /., ammunition.
mûr, -e, ripe; le triomph est — , triumph is at hand.
mur, m., wall.
muraille, /., wall.
musée, m., muséum.
musette, /., musette, bag, haversack.
musical, -e, musical.
musicien, w., musician.
musique, /., music, band; papier à — , music paper.
musulman, -e, Mussulman.
mutilé, m., maimed soldief.
mutilé, -e, mutilated, disfigured.
mutisme, m., silence.
mystère, m., mystery.
mystérieu-x, -se, mysterious.
naguère, adv., but lately; —
encore, but lately.
naissance, /., birth, begin-
ning, rise.
naissant, -e, young, newly
born.
naître, to be born, take place;
le dernier né, the last born.
naïveté, /., simplicity, can-
dour.
napoléonien, napoleonic.
nappe, /., expanse.
nasillard, -e, snuffling.
natal, -e, native.
nation, /., nation.
national, -e, national, nationalité, /., nationality.
natte,/., braid.
nature, /., nature.
naturel, -le, natural.
naturellement, naturally.
naufragé, m., shipwrecked.
man.
naviguer, to move.
navire, m., ship; — aérien,
airship.
ne . . . jamais, never.
ne . . . ni . . . ni, neither . . .
nor.
ne ... ni ne, neither . . .
nor.
ne . . . pas, not.
ne . . . personne, no one.
ne . . . plus, no more, no
longer; — ... — que, but,
Vocabulaire
nothing else but; — ...
— rien, nothing more; — . . . — aucun, no longer any;
— ... — jamais, never, never more.
ne . . . que, only.
ne . . . rien, nothing; — ...
plus — , nothing more.
néanmoins, nevertheless.
nécessaire, necessary.
nécessité, necessity, exigency
nécessiter, to necessitate.
nécropole, /., necropolis.
négateur, m., political iconoclast.
négliger, to neglect.
nègre, m., negro.
négrillon, m., little negro.
neige,/., snow; soldat de — , snow soldier.
nerf, m., nerve.
nerveu-x, -se, nervous.
nerveusement, nervously.
net, nette, clear, sharp.
nettement, clearly.
neuf, nine.
neu-f, -ve, new, unfamiliar; tout neuf, toute neuve, brand new.
neurasthénie, /., neurasthenia; il fait de la — , he surïers from neurasthenia.
neurasthénique, neurasthénie.
neutre, neuter.
neutre, m., neutral.
neveu, m., nephew.
nez, m., nose; piquer du — , to fall headlong.
ni, nor.
nid, m., nest.
nièce, /., nièce.
nimber, to form a halo ; — d'or, to form a golden halo.
noble, noble.
noblesse, /., nobility.
noctuelle,/., moth.
nocturne, nightly, of night.
Noël, m., Christmas.
noeud, m., knot.
noir, m. 9 negro.
noir, -e, black, gloomy, negro; un froid — , bitter cold.
noix, /., nut; — de coco, cocoanut.
nom, m., name; sans — , nameless, too horrible to mention .
nombre, m., number; le — , numbers.
nombreu-x, -se, numerous, large, many.
nommer, to name, give, call.
non, no, not; — pas, not.
nord, m., north; plein — -, straight from the north.
nord-est, m., northeast.
nos, adj., our.
nostalgie, /., home-sickness, longing.
notaire, m.y notary.
note, /., note; des — s bigarrées, a medley of colors.
noter, to note down, to record.
notre, adj., our.
nôtre, pron.; les — s, our men, ours, our own.
nôtres = les nôtres.
nous, we, us, to us.
nous-mêmes, ourselves.
nouv-eau, -elle, new, another, other; m., new one, new man; de — , again; le nouveau venu, the newcomer; à — , de — , again; le monde — , the new world brought into existence by the French Révolution.
nouvelle, /., news, taie, short story.
novembre, m., November.
nu, -e, bare, naked, open.
nuage, m., cloud.
nue, /., cloud.
nuée,/., cloud.
nuit, /., night; cette — , last night; la — tombante, night-fall.
nul (ne), pron., no one, nobody, no.
numéro, m., number.
ô, oh!
oasis,/., oasis.
obéir, to obey.
obéissant, -e, obedient.
objet, m., object, récipient. obliger, to oblige.
oblique, oblique.
obliquer, to swerve, turn.
obscurité,/., darkness.
observatoire, m., observation
post.
observateur, m.9 observer.
observer, to observe.
obstiné, -e, obstinate.
obstinément, obstinately,
scrutinizingly.
s'obstiner, to persist, insist.
obtenir, to obtain, get, win; nous obtenons qu'ils nous prêtent, we induce them to lend us.
obus, m., shell.
obusier, m., howitzer.
occasion, /., opportunity, occasion.
occasionner, to cause.
occidental, -e, western.
occupation, /., occupation.
occuper, to occupy, engage, keep busy, take the time of, receive the cares of; s' — , to occupy oneself, be busy, work at the problem of.
océan, m., océan; l'Océan, the Atlantic.
octobre, m., October.
ode,/., ode.
odeur, /., odor.
odieu-x, -se, odious.
œil, m., eye, gaze, look, view, vision; jeter un coup d' — circulaire, to look around; ouvrir de grands yeux étonnés, to stare in astonishment; un coup d'œil, a glance.
œuvre,/., work; mettre en — , to use, employ; l'Oeuvre, the Association.
offensive, /., offensive.
office, m., divine service.
officiel, -le, officiai.
officier, m., officer; — marinier, petty officer; — en second, second officer in command.
Vocabulaire
offrande,/., offenng, présent.
offrir, to offer; offert à ses
yeux, before his eyes.
oh! oh!
oiseau, m., bird, aéroplane.
ombre, /., shadow, darkness. on, one, people, we, you, they,
someone.
ondée,/., shower.
onze, eleven.
opaque, dark.
opération, /., opération.
opérer, to do, effect^ perform.
opinion,/., opinion.
s'opposer (à), to oppose, ob-
ject to.
oppressé -e, stifling.
opprimé, -e, oppressed.
opprobre, m., disgrâce, shame.
optique, optical, visual, by
visual signalling.
or, now, but; — voici que,
now then.
or, m., gold; d'— , gold, gilded.
orage, m.t storm.
orange, /., orange, orateur, m.f orator.
oratorio, m., oratorio.
orbe,/., circle.
orchidée, /., orchid.
ordinaire, usual; à son — ,
as usual.
ordinairement, ordinarily.
ordonné, -e, regular.
ordonner, to order, give or-
ders; s' — , to line up.
ordre, m., order, good order.
oreille,/., ear; dire à V — , to
whisper; tendre 1' — , to
listen attentively.
oreiller, m., pillow.
orfèvre, m., goldsmith.
organisateur, m,, organizer.
organisation, /., organization.
organiser, to organize.
organiste, m., organist.
orgeat, m., orgeat.
orgue, m., organ.
orgueil, m., pride.
origine, /., origin.
oriflamme, /., oriflamme.
orphelin, m., orphan.
orthographe, /., spelling.
osciller, to oscillate.
oser, to dare.
ôter, to take off, remove.
ou, or; — bien, or else.
où, where, when, in which, on which.
oublier, to forge t.
ouest, m. y west, adj., western.
oui, yes.
ouragan, m., hurricane.
outrage, m., outrage, insuit.
ouvert, -e, open.
ouvrage, m., work.
ouvragé, -e, figured, carved.
ouvrier, m., workman.
ouvrir, to open; — de grand yeux étonnés, to stare in astonishment; — toute grande, to throw wide open; s' — , to open, begin, to be opened, be disclosed.
pacifique, pacifie, of peace.
page, /., page.
paiement, m., payment.
Vocabulaire
pain, m., bread.
paire, /., pair.
paisible, calm, peaceful.
paisiblement, quietly.
paix, /., peace.
palais, m., palace.
pâle, pale.
pâleur, /., paleness.
pâlir, to turn pale, to make paie, become obliterated.
palme,/., palm.
palpiter, to quiver, flutter, tremble.
pampre, m.y vine-branch.
panique, /., panic.
panser, to dress (a wound).
pansement, m., dressing (of a wound).
papa, m., papa.
papier, m., paper; — à musique, music paper.
papillon, m., butterfly; — s noirs, blue, pessimistic thoughts.
paquebot, m., boat, océan iiner.
pâquerette, /., daisy.
paquet, m., package.
par, by, during, for, into, on, with, in, by way of, by means of, through; — delà, beyond, past; — là thereby, from that; de — , in virtue of; par-dessus, above; — mois, a month; — contre, on the other hand.
parade, /., parade, show.
paradis, m.} Heaven, paradise.
parage, m., parts, latitude.
paragraphe, m., paragraph.
paraître, to appear.
paralysé, -e, paralysed.
parc, m.j park, aviation field.
parce que, because.
parcimonie, /., parsimony; avec — , sparingly.
parcourir, to travel over, to cross; bien du chemin a été parcouru, much progress has been made.
parcours, m.y course.
pardon, m., pardon.
pardonner, to pardon, forgive.
pareil, -le, such, like; sans — , unsurpassed.
pareillement, likewise.
parent, m., parente, /., relative, relation, parent.
parer, to prépare, adorn.
parfait, -e, perfect.
parfaitement, perfectly.
parfois, at times, sometimes.
parfum, m., perfume, fragrance.
parfumé, -e, perfumed.
parier, to bet.
Parisien, m.y Parisian.
parler, m., tongue, language.
parler, to speak; vouloir — , to mean; se — , to speak to each other.
parmi, among, in the midst of.
parole, /., word; speech; prendre la — , to begin to speak; la guerre par la — , war with the pen; tenir — , to keep one's word; la —
Vocabulaire
est à M . . ., Mr has
the floor.
paroxysme, m., height; au — , at its height.
parricide, murderous.
part, /., share, part; prendre — , to take part; à — , apartfromtheothers; quelque — , somewhere; de — en — , right through; de — et autre, on ail sides; pour sa — , indivi dually ; prendre une large — , to play a great part.
partager, to share, participate in, part, divide.
partant, m., departing one.
parti, m., party.
participer, to participate.
particuli-er, -ère, spécial, particular, peculiar.
partie, /., part, match, game, trip; faire — , to be a member; se mettre de la — , to join in the game; prendre à — , to attack.
partir, to go away, go off, corne, go, start, leave, run, start off; à — de, beginning.
partout, everywhere.
parure, /., finery (flowers).
parvenir, (à) to reach, succeed, corne to.
pas, m., step, gait.
pas (ne), not; — de réponse, no answer.
passage, m., passage, passing, crossing; au — , as he passes by; tenter le — , to
attempt to pass; se frayer un — , to make one's way.
passant, m., passer-by.
passe,/., passage.
passé, -e, past.
passé, m. y past; son — de patriote, his past patriotic services.
passer, to pass, pass by, pass through, spend, put; se — , to take place, go by, happen, go away, pass away.
passerelle, /., gang plank, bridge.
passionné, -e, passionate, ardent.
pâte, m.j blot.
paternellement, in a fatherly way.
pathétique, pathetic.
patience, /., patience.
patois, m. y dialect (Alsatian).
patrie,/., country, fatherland; mériter de la — , to merit gratitude of the country, to be worthy of the fatherland.
patrimoine, m., inheritance.
patriote, m., patriot.
patriotique, patriotic.
patriotisme, m., patriotism.
patrouille, /., patrol.
pauvre, poor.
pauvret, m., poor little thing.
pavé, m., street, streets.
pavé, -e, paved.
pavillon, m., flag.
pavoisement, m., decking with flags.
Vocabulaire
pavoiser, to deck or decorate with flags.
payer, to pay, pay for, repay; faire — cher à, to make . . .
pay dearly.
pays, m., country, land, région, section; — annexé, annexed territory; (Alsace- Lorraine, annexed to Germany in 1871).
paysan, m., peasant.
peau,/., skin.
péché, m., sin.
pêche, /., fishing, fishery.
pêcheur, m., fisherman.
peine; à — , hardly, scarcely; c'est à — si l'on, one could scarcely.
peine, /., troub le;être à la — , to share hardships; cela n'en vaut pas la — , it isn't worth while; à grand* — , with great difhculty; — du talion, law of retaliaton.
peint, -e, painted.
peintre, m., painter, artist.
pêle-mêle, in (frightful) confusion.
pèlerin, m., pilgrim; Pères Pèlerins, Pilgrim Fathers.
pèlerinage, m., pilgrimage.
pelle, /., shovel.
se pencher (sur), to bend over, lean out; — au dehors, to lean out.
pendant, during, for.
pendant que, while.
pendre, to hang; pendu dans le dos, swung over his back.
pénétrant, -e, penetrating.
pénétrer, to penetrate, move,
advance.
péniblement, painfully, with
difficulty.
pensée, /., thought.
penser, to think, expect.
pensi-f, -ve, thoughtful, lost
in thought.
pente, /., slope.
pénurie, /., want, lack.
perçant, -e, piercing, sharp.
percer, to show itself, ap-
pear.
se percevoir, to be perceived,
be noticeable.
perdre, to lose; se — , to dis-
appear, vanish.
père, m., father; Père Système, the cadet officer re-
sponsible for the class;
Pères Pèlerins, Pilgrim
Fathers.
perfection, /., perfection.
perfide, perfidious.
perfide, m., wretch.
péril, m., danger.
périr, to perish.
périscope, m., périscope, permettre (a), to permit,
allow.
permission, /., leave.
perron, m., stoop.
persécuter, to persécute.
personnage, m., person.
personne, pron., anyone, any-
body.
personne (ne), no one.
personnel, -le, personal.
personnel, m., personnel.
Vocabulaire
personnellement, personally.
personnification, /., personi-
fication.
persuader, to persuade.
perte /., loss; à — de vue,
farther than the eye can
see.
pesamment, slowly.
pesant, -e. heavy.
petit, -e, little, small; les — s,
the little ones; ces tout
petits, thèse little ones; les
pauvres — s! Poor little
fellows! au — jour, at
day-break.
pétrifier, to petrify.
pétrir, to form, mold.
peu, adv., little, just, few, a
few; — après, shortly
afterward; un — , a little,
in a way, somewhat of a;
just; de tout un — , a man
in miniature.
peuple, m. f people, nation.
peur, /., fright, fear; avoir
grand' — , to be very much
afraid; avoir — , to be
afraid.
peut-être, perhaps.
phalange, /., phalanx; — d'
élite, phalanx of picked
men.
phare, m., light-house.
pharmacie, /., pharmacy.
phase, /., phase.
philosophe, m., philosopher.
photographie, /., photo-
graph.
phrase, /., sentence, flowery
Janguage.
phrygien, -ne, Phrygian; bonnet — , Phrygian cap (Cap of Liberty).
physionomie, /., face.
pic, m., peak, pick; à — , perpendicularly.
pièce, /., room, pièce (fieldpiece), cannon.
pied, m. y foot; chasseurs à — , light infantry; à — , on foot; de — ferme, resolutely; Parme au — , position of order arms.
pierre, /., stone.
Pierre, Peter.
pieusement, piously, devoutly.
pieu-x, -se, pious.
pigeon, m. y pigeon.
pignon, m. y gable.
pilastre, m., pilaster.
pilier, m., pillar.
pilote, m., pilot.
pimpant, -e, smart.
pin, m., pine.
pinceau, m., brush.
pioche, /., pick.
pioupiou, m., soldier, foot soldier.
pipe,/., pipe.
piquer, to stick, plunge, plunge headlong; — du nez, to fall headlong.
piquet, m. y picket, guard.
pire, worst.
pirate, m.y pirate.
pitié,/., pity.
pittoresque, picturesque.
pivoter, to turn.
placard, m., placard, poster.
Vocabulaire
place,/., place, square; prendre — , to take part; sur — , on the spot; — forte, fortifiée! town or city; y prendre — , to take one's place in it.
placer, to place; placée sur son corsage, pinned to her waist; se — , to place oneself.
plaider, to plead.
plaie, /., wound, sorrow.
plaindre, to pity; se — , to complain.
plaine, /., plain.
plainti-f, -ve, plaintive.
plainte, /., lamentation, complaint.
plaire, toplease; se — , to take a delight (in).
plaisant, -e, good-natured.
plaisir, m., pleasure; faire — (à), to please.
plancher, m., floor.
planer, to hover, hover over.
plante, /., plant.
plastron, m., chest-protector.
plat, -te, flat.
plateau, m., plateau.
plateforme, /., platform, balcony.
plâtre, w., plaster.
plein, -e, full; en plein . . ., in the middle of , full in the ... ; en — air, in the open, outdoors; — nord, straight from the north; en — dans, right in the midst of ; en — milieu, amidship.
plénipotentiaire, m., envoy.
pleurer, to weep, weep for, cry, shed tears.
pleuvoir, to rain, fall; faire — , to shower.
pli, m., fold.
plier, to bend.
plissé, -e, plaited.
plisser, to contract; le silence plissait leur bouche, they set their jaws in silent détermination.
plongée, /., submersion; en — , submerged; les barres sont mises en — , the machine is prepared for submersion.
se ployer, to bend.
pluie,/., rain.
plume, /., feather, pen, foam, crest (of wave).
plumet, m., plume.
plupart, /., most, most part
plus, more; au — , at the most; ne . . . plus, no more, no longer, never again; le — , the most; une fois de — , once more; ne . . . — que, only, no one or nothing else but, nothing but; jamais — (ne), never more, never again; de — en — , more and more, higher and higher; ne . . . — rien, nothing more; ne ... — aucun, no longer any; — besoin de, no longer necessary to; — de 20,000, more than 20,000 strong; n'ayant — d'autre pensée que,
having no other thought
but; — rien, nothing
more.
plusieurs, several; à — reprises, repeatedly.
plutôt, rather.
poche,/., pocket, poêle, m., stove.
poème, m., poem.
poésie, /., poetry.
poète, m., poet.
poids, m., weight.
poignant, -e, poignant.
poignarder, to stab.
poignée, /., handful; — de
main, handshake.
poilu, m., soldier (French).
poindre, to appear, corne
forth.
poing, m., fist.
point, m., point, degree, part;
au — que, to such an ex-
tent that.
point (ne), not . . . at ail.
pointer, to direct the aim.
poisson, m., fish.
poitrine, /., breast; sous nos
— s, in our hearts; — en
galette, flat chest.
pôle, m., pôle.
police, /., police; agent de — ,
policeman.
politique, political.
politique, /., politics.
polo, m. y polo cap. pompe, /., pomp.
ponctuer, to punctuate.
pont, m., bridge, deck.
populaire, popular.
populariser, to popularize.
population, /., population,
people.
porche, m., portai, port, m., port.
portail, m., portai.
porte, /., door, gâte; de
en — , from door to door portée, /., staff, reach,
range porter, to carry, bear, strike,
hold, take effect, bring;
se — , to mardi, advance,
move, turn.
porteur, m., bearer, carrier, porte-voix, m., mégaphone.
portière, /., window, door.
portique, m., portico.
pose, /., posture; à la — ,
(mil.), at the posting of
sentries or guards.
posément, quietly, slowly.
poser, to place, set, lay.
positi -f, ve, positive.
position, /., position.
posséder, to own, possess.
possible, possible.
postale, postal.
poste,/., post; bureau de — ,
post-ofhce. poste, m., post, station; — de
commandement, headquar-
ters; — des signaleurs,
signal posts; — s optiques,
visual signalling posts.
poster, to post.
potage, m., soup.
postérité, /., posterity.
poteau, m., post, boundary
post.
potion,/., draught, medicine.
Vocabulaire
poudre, /., powder.
PoumîPoum! = BangîBang!
poupe,/., stern.
pour, for, in order to, as, to, as for, as a, so as; — elle, on her side.
pour que, in order that, so that, so as.
pourboire, m., tip.
pourpre, purple.
pourquoi, why.
poursuite, /., pursuit.
poursuivre, to pursue, follow, carry on, follow up.
pourtant, however, yet, nevertheless, though.
pourvu que, conj., provided that, I only hope that.
poussée, /., pressure.
pousser, to utter, push, grow, drive, carry; — à plein gaz, go at full speed.
poussière, /., dust.
poussi-f, -ve, short-winded, wheezy.
pouvoir, m., power.
pouvoir, to be able, be possible, can, may; eût pu sembler comme, might hâve looked like; qui pourraient ne pas comprendre, who might not understand.
prairie, /., meadow.
pratique, /., practice.
pratiquer, to practise.
préambule, m., preamble.
précédent, -e, preceding.
précédent, m., précèdent.
précéder, to précède.
précieu -x, -se, precious.
précieusement, preciously, with great care.
précipiter (se), to rush, rush down, to rush on, rush into, burst forth, rush about.
précisément, precisely.
se préciser, to become clearly defined.
précision, /., précision.
préférence, /. , préférence.
préférer, to pref er.
préjugé, m., préjudice.
préluder, to play a prélude.
premi-er, -ère, first.
prendre, to take, bear, hâve; make, catch, to . take possession of, get into, put on, assume, surprise, seize, set, overcome, take up, reach; — terre, to land;
— à partie, to attack; — du champ, to withdraw;
— place, to take part; assume; — son départ, to hâve its scart, to begin; — garde, to take care; — fin, to corne to an end; — part, to take part; — la parole, to begin to speak;
— l'alignement, to fall into line; y — place, to take one's place in it; — une large part, to play a great part.
prénom, m., Christian name.
préoccupation, /., préoccupation, thought.
préparation, /., préparation.
préparer, to prépare, train.
Vocabulaire
se préparer, to prépare one-
self.
présage, m., omen.
près de, near, on the point,
almost; tout — , almost
on the point of; tout —
moi, right near me.
préséance, /., precedence;
sans — , without observing
military étiquette.
présence,/., présence; en — ,
engaged.
présent, -e, présent.
présent, m., présent; à — ,
now.
présentation, /., présentation présenter, to présent; — les
armes, to présent arms. se présenter, to corne for-
ward.
préservation, /., défense.
président, m., président, présider, to préside.
presque, almost.
presse, /., press.
pressé, -e, hurried, dense;
— comme la grêle, fol-
lowing each other as thick
as hail.
pressentir, to foresee, hâve a
presentiment of.
se presser, to hurry.
prestige, m., prestige.
prêt, -e, ready.
prêter, to lend, give; —
serment, to take the oath
of.
prétoire, m., platform, bench
(at court).
prêtre, m., priest.
preuve, /., proof ; faire — de,
to give proofs of.
prévenance, /., kindness,
attention.
prévenir, to warn.
prévoir, to foresee.
prince, m., prince, prier, to pray, ask, beg of.
prière, /., prayer.
principal, -e, principal.
principe, m., principle; par
— , on principle.
printemps, m., spring.
pris, -e, taken.
prise, /., taking; — d'armes,
military formation; pi.,
close quarters; — s de,
contact, close contact.
prisonnier, m., prisoner.
privilège, m., privilège.
se priver, to deprive oneself .
prix, m., reward, price; à tout
— , at any price.
probablement, probably.
procédé, m., process, weapon.
prochain, -e, next, early, ap-
proaching.
proche (de), near; toutes
proches, very near, very
close together.
proclamation, /., proclamation.
proclamer, to proclaim.
procurer, to cause.
prodige, m., wonder; des — s
d'astuce, wonderful cun-
ning.
prodigieu-x, -se, prodigious,
wondrous, wide, enormous,
huge.
prodigieusement, much.
prodiguer, to waste, shower with.
produire, to produce; se. — , to happen.
produit, m., product.
profane, m., lay-man.
profaner, to défile, profane, pollute; laisser — , to allow to be profaned.
proférer, to utter.
professer, to profess.
professeur, m., prof essor.
profit, m., profit; mettre à — , to take advantage of .
profiter (de), to profit by, take advantage of.
profond, -e, profound, deep, vast.
profondeur, /., depth, extent
progrès, m., progress.
proie, /., prey; en — à, a prey to.
projecteur, m., search-light.
projectile, m., projectile.
projet, m., project, plan.
projeter, to throw out, hurl.
prolongation, /., prolongation
prolongé, -e, prolonged.
prolonger, to prolong; se — , to be lengthened, linger, last.
promenade, /., walk; aller en — , to go for a walk.
promener, to carry, bear, wear; se — , to walk, march, wander; m* envoya promener, threw me back.
promesse,/., promise.
promettre, to promise.
promise,/., promised one.
promotion, /., promotion,
class; major de la — ,
cadet officer responsible
for class.
prompt, -e, ready.
prononcer, to pronounce,
utter, deliver.
propager, to diffuse, spread.
prophétie, /., prophecy.
propice, propitious.
proportion, /., proportion.
proposer, to propose; se —
to plan, propre, clean, own.
propriétaire, m., proprietor,
owner.
prospérité, /., prosperity.
prostration, /., prostration.
protecteur,?;^ , protector, escort.
protecteur, -trice, protectress.
protection, /., protection.
protéger, to protect.
protestation, /., protestation.
prouesse, /. exploit.
provision,/., provision.
prouver, to prove.
province, /., province.
provisoire, provisional, tem-
porary.
provoquer, to produce, cause.
prudemment, cautiously.
prussien, -ne, Prussian.
Prussien, m., Prussian.
publi-c, -que, public.
public, m.y public; tribune du
— , public gallery.
publicité, /., publicity.
puéril, -e, childish, boyish.
puis, then.
Vocabulaire
puiser, to draw.
puisque, since.
puissamment, powerfully,
forcibly.
puissance, /., power.
puissant, -e, powerful,
mighty.
punch, m., punch.
pupitre, m., desk; monter au
— , ascend the platform
(desk).
pur, -e, pure, real, true, un-
sullied.
pureté,/., purity.
qu' = que.
quai, m., wharf, platform
(railroad).
qualité, /., quality, capacity;
en — de, in the capacity
of.
quand, when; — même, in
spite of everything, just the
same.
quant à, as for.
quantité, /., quantity, large
amount.
quart, m., watch, quarter;
de — , quarter.
quarantaine, /., some forty.
quarante, forty.
quarante-huit, forty-eight.
quarante-quatre, fort y-four.
quarante-trois, forty-three.
quartier, m., quarter; grand
— général, Grand Head-
quarters (G. H. Q.). quasi, almost.
quatorze, fourteen.
quatre, four.
quatre-vingt-quatorze, ninety-four.
quatrième, fourth.
que, conj.j let, as, may; que . . . que, whether or when, because; aussi ... — , as . . .
as, how, (sometimes not translated).
que, pron., whom, which, that, what, how many, than, when; c'était un bien digne homme que Maître Risler, he was a very worthy man, Master Risler.
que, adv., how, how many, how much, how well.
quel, -le, what, what a; — que, whatever.
quelconque, whatever, any.
quelque, few, some, a little; — s, a few; — chose de, something; — s-uns, some; — part, somewhere.
quelqu'un, someone.
querelle, /., quarrel.
question, /., question.
questionner, to question.
qui, which, who, whom, the one who; c'est à — d' entre nous fera, we vie with each other to see who will make; à — c'est . . ., whose . . . is this ?
quiconque, whomsoever, anyone else.
quiétude, /., quiet, calm.
quille, /., keel.
quinze, fifteen; — jours, two weeks.
Vocabulaire
quitter, to leave; se — , to
ieave one another.
quoi, pron., what, which; il
y avait de — , it was enough
to make one.
quoique, although.
quotidien, -ne, daily; les — s,
the daily papers.
race, /., race.
racheter, to make up for, buy
back again.
racine,/., root, raconter, to tell, tell about,
tell the story of.
se raconter, to telleach other.
rade, /., roads, roadstead,
(naval) .
radeau, m., raft.
radio, m., radio, radoter, to dote, wander.
rafale, /., shower, storm of
shells or bullets, squall.
rafraîchir, to refresh.
rage, /., rage; faire — , to
rage, storm, make a great
havoc.
rageu-r, -se, bad tempered,
furious.
rail, m., rail.
raison, /., reason; avoir —
to be right; avoir — de, to
get the better of, to suc-
cessfully repuise, master;
il n'y a pas de — pour,
there is no reason why.
raisonnement, w., reasoning.
rajeunir, to make young;
rajeuni d'un siècle, a cen-
tury younger; se — , togrow young.
rajuster, to readjust
râle, m. y death-rattle.
râler, to die, hâve the deathrattle.
rallier, to rally, join.
ramasser, to pick up.
ramener, to bring back.
ramier, m., ring-do ve.
rampe, /., balustrade.
ramper, to crawl.
rang, m.} rank, row, place, turn, order; en — s serrés, in close order.
rangé, -e, tidy, lined up.
rangée, /., row.
ranger, to put in place or in order, line up.
ranimer, to cheer up, revive.
rapide, rapid.
rapidement, rapidly
rapidité,/., rapidity.
rapiécé, -e, patched, much repaired.
rappeler, to recall; se — , to recall, remember.
rapport, m., report.
rapporter, to bring back, report.
rapprendre (à), to learn again (how) .
rapprocher (de), to draw near or close, bring nearer or closer; se — , to draw close to each other, draw near.
rare, rare, unusual.
rarement, rarely.
ras, m., level; au — de, close to.
Vocabulaire
ras, -e, open.
rassasier, to fill.
rassemblement, m., crowd.
rassembler, to assemble,
muster, gather together,
unité.
rassurer, to reassure.
ratifier, to approve.
rationnement, m., rationing.
rattraper, to catch, ravagé, -e, ravaged.
ravi, -e, delighted.
ravir, to take away.
ravitaillement, m., revictual-
ing, supplies.
rayé, -e, striped.
rayon, m., ray, beam, flash;
— de lune, moonbeam. rayonnement, m., light.
se réaliser, to be realized.
réalité, /., reality.
rebelle, obstinate.
récent, -e, récent, réception, /., réception.
recevoir, to receive.
se réchauffer, to warm one-
self.
recherche, /., search; à la —
de, in search of.
récit, m. y story.
réciter, to recite.
réclamer, to claim, demand,
call for.
recommander, to recommend.
recommencer, to begin again.
récompense, /., reward, prize.
récompenser, to reward.
réconcilier, to reconcile.
réconfort, m., comfort.
réconfortant, -e, comforting.
réconforter, to comfort, cheer
up.
reconnaissance, /., gratitude;
reconnaissance; faire la — ,
reconnoiter.
reconnaître, to recognize, be
grateful, acknowledge; se
— , to be recognized.
reconquérir, to reconquer.
reconquis, -e, reconquered,
regained.
reconstruction, /., reconstruction.
recouvrir, to cover.
récréation, /., récréation,
recess.
recrue, /., recruit.
recueilli, -e, calm.
recueillir, to gather, pick up,
take.
se recueillir, to gather one's
thoughts, silently gather
one's strength.
recul, m., withdrawal.
reculer, to fall back, retreat.
Rédemptrice, /., Redeemer.
redescendre, to corne down.
redevenir, to become again;
nous voici redevenus, we
hâve now become again.
redingote, /., frock coat.
redire, to sing over again, to
repeat.
redonner, to give again.
redoutable, dreadful.
redouter, to dread, fear.
se redresser, to be raised,
stand up.
réduire, to reduce.
refaire, to rebuild.
Vocabulaire
réfectoire, m., dining-hall. se refermer, to close again.
réfléchir, to ponder.
reflet, m., reflection.
se refléter, to be reflected.
refouler, to drive back, force
back.
refrain, m., refrain, réfugié, m.y -e, /., refugee.
refuser, to refuse, regagner, to return to, regain.
regard, m., look, gaze, eye,
eyes, appearance.
regarder, to look, look at,
look out, watch, look on,
look upon; se — , to look
at one another.
régime, m., System, form of
life, administration, gov-
ernment.
régiment, m., régiment.
région, /., région, registre, m., stop (of an or-
gan).
règle, /., ruler.
réglementaire, officiai, reg-
ular.
régner, to reign, prevail.
regret, m., regret; à — , re-
luctantly.
régularité, /., regularity.
réguli-er, -ère, regular.
régulièrement, regularly.
reine,/., queen.
rejeter, to reject.
rejoindre, to join. réjouissance, /., merrymak-
ing, joy.
réjouissant, -e, joyful, re-
joicing.
relation, /., account, acquaintance.
relever, to relieve, keep up, stir up, raise, bring up.
relier, to bind; — en vert, with a green binding.
religieu-x, -se, religious, sacred.
relique, /., relie.
relire, to read again, reread.
remarquable, remarkable.
remarquer, to notice.
remercier, to thank.
remettre, to présent, put on again, turn on; se — (à), to présent, to résume.
remise, /., présentation.
remonter, to group, ascend, raise, cheer (up).
remords, m., remorse, regret.
remous, m., eddy-water, eddy.
remplacer, to replace, take the place of .
remplir, to fill, fulnll; se — , to be filled.
remporter, to win, gain.
remuer, to move, stir, wag; sa langue ne remue plus que, his tongue utters only.
renaissance, /., rebirth.
rencontre, /., meeting.
se rencontrer, to meet, meet together.
rendre, to return, give, yield, pay, give up, make, render, give back; — visite, to visit; — de menus services, to do small favors;
Vocabulaire
se — , to make oneself,
become, go; compte,
to study the situation.
renfermer, to contain, conceal.
rengorger, to assume an air.
renoncer (à), to give up.
renouer, to renew, résume.
renouveau, m., new life.
renouvelé, -e, renewed.
renseignement m.y information.
renseigner, to inform, give information.
rentrer, to return, enter, put, bring in, re-enter; en rentrant en Alsace, on his return to Alsace; faire — , bring in.
renvoyer, to send back.
répandre, to spread, shed.
reparaître, to reappear.
réparation, /., réparation, repairs, amends.
repartir, to start orï again.
repas, m., meal.
repasser, to cross again.
repeindre, to repaint.
repérer, to place, locate.
répété, -e, repeated.
répéter, to repeat; se — , to be repeated.
répit, m., rest.
repli, m., fold, retreat.
se replier, to fall back;
sur soi-même, to retire within oneself.
replonger, to dive down again.
répondre (à), to answer, reply.
réponse, /., answer.
repos, m., peace, quiet, rest; au — , back of the Unes (to rest).
reposer, to rest; se — , to rest.
repousser, to drive back.
reprendre, to résume, continue, take, recover, reopen.
représaille, /., reprisai, retaliation.
représentant, m.y représentative.
représenter, to represent.
reprise, /., renewal, resumption; à plusieurs — s, repeatedly.
reproche, m.y reproach.
reptile, m., reptile.
république, /., republic.
répudier, to répudiât e.
réputation, /., réputation.
réseau, m.y net work.
réserve, /., reserve.
réserver, to reserve, save; se — , to reserve to oneself the right of .
résignation, /., résignation.
résigné, -e, patient.
résistance, /., résistance.
résister (à), to resist.
résolu, -e, bold, determined.
résolument, resolutely.
résolution, /., détermination.
résonner, to resound, re-echo.
résoudre, to résolve.
respect, m., respect.
respecter, to respect.
respecti-f, -ve, respective.
respectueu-x, -se, respectful.
Vocabulaire
respectueusement, respect-
fully.
respirer, to breathe, express,
be full of, take a breath.
resplendir, to be resplendent.
resplendissant, -e, resplendent.
responsabilité, /., responsi-
bility.
responsable, responsible.
ressembler (à), to resemble.
ressentiment, w., resentment.
ressource, /., resource, ressusciter, to resuscitate,
save.
Restauration, Germanforinn.
reste, w., rest; du — , in
fact.
rester, to stay, remain, stick,
leave; ce nom qui lui restera, that name which it
will retain, résultat, m., resuit.
résulter, to folio w, ensue.
résumer, to sum up, summar-
ize, symbolize.
rétablir, to restore, re-estab-
lish.
retard, m., delà y; en — , late.
retenir, to wlthhold, remem-
ber, hold back, hold.
retentir, to ring, sound, re-
sound, écho, retentissant, -e, famous, ex-
traordinary.
réticence, /., reserve, se retirer, to withdraw.
retour, m., return; de — , on
one's return, having re-
turned.
retourner, to return, drive
back; se — ,to turn around.
retracer, to describe.
retraite, /., retreat; en — !
Retreat !
retranchement, m., trench, retranché, -e, entrenched.
rétrécir, to reduce.
retrouver, to recover, regain,
find again, meet; se — , to
find oneself again.
réunir, to join, unité, clasp,
reunite, assemble, gather,
bring together.
réussir, to succeed.
revanche,/., justice, revenge.
rêve, m., dream. .
réveiller, se réveiller, to
awaken.
révéla-teur, -trice, revealing.
révéler, to disclose, reveal;
se — , to reveal oneself.
revendication, /., claim.
revenir, to return, corne back,
fly back.
rêver, to dream, think, muse,
dream of.
révérer, to révère, rêverie, /., revery.
revers, m., reverse, revêtir, to invest.
révision, /., re vision; conseil de — , military service
board.
revoir, to see again; au — ,
goodbye.
se révolter, to revolt, rebel.
révolu, -e, completed; mes
18 ans — s, having reached
the âge of 18.
Vocabulaire
révolution, /., révolution
révoquer, to dismiss, remove.
revue, /., review.
riant, -e, smiling, pleasant.
ricaner, to sneer, chuckle.
riche, rich.
richesse, /., wealth.
ride,/., furrow.
rideau, m., curtain.
rien (ne), nothing, anything;
— que, nothing but, only;
ne . . . plus — , nothing
more, rigoureu-x, -se, rigorous, sévère.
rigueur, /., severity.
riposter, to answer.
rire, m., laughter; éclater de
— , to burst into laughter.
rire (de), to laugh (at).
risquer, to risk, run the risk
of.
rival, m., rival, rivale,/., rival.
rivaliser, to vie (with).
rivalité,/., rivalry.
rive,/., bank rivière,/., river.
robe, /., dress; en sa — de
pierre, in its mantle of
stone.
robuste, robust, powerful.
rôder, to prowl, hover.
rogue, haughty.
roi, m., king.
rôle, m., rôle.
Romain, m., Roman.
Romaine,/, Roman women.
roman, -e, Romanesque.
romancier, m., novelist.
rompre, to break off, break,
break up.
rond, tn.j circle.
ronde,/., round. ronflement, m., snore, rum-
bling.
ronron, m., purring.
rose, /., rose.
rose, pink, rosy, fresh, rosy-
hued.
rosée,/., dew.
rotatif, m., propeller.
rouge, red.
rougi, -e, reddened, stained,
(with blood).
rougir, to redden, tinge.
roulement, m., rolling; un —
de vivats, a wave of cheers.
rouler, to roll, roll by, thrash,
roll along.
route, /., way, road, avenue;
en — , on the way; faire
— , to advance.
rouvrir, to reopen.
royal, -e, royal.
ruban, m., ribbon, stretch.
rude, hard, severe, heavy,
formidable, rudement, severely, mighty.
rudiment, m., rudiment.
rue,/., street.
ruée,/., attack.
se ruer, to rush forward or
upon.
rugueu-x, -se, rough, uneven.
ruisseler, to stream, stream
down, trickle down, drip.
rumeur, /., rumor, noise, rustique, rustic. rythme, m., rhythm.
Vocabulaire
s' = SI.
S.A. = Son Altesse, His Highness.
sa, adj., his, her, its.
sable, m., sand.
sabot, m., wooden shoe.
sabotier, m., shoemaker; c'est parler de clous dans la maison d'un — , that's carrying coals to Newcastle.
sabre, m., sword.
sac, m., bag, knapsack; — à terre, sand bag.
saccadé, -e, jerky, irregular.
saccager, to destroy.
sacoche,/., bag.
sacré, -e, sacred.
sacrer, to consecrate, make.
sacrifice, m., sacrifice.
sacrifier, to sacrifice; pauvres sacrifiés! poor sacrificed créatures ! se — , to sacrifice oneself.
sacrilège, m., sacrilège.
sage, good, well-behaved, wise; le — , the wise man (Woodrow Wilson).
sage, m., scholar.
saignant, -e, bleeding.
saigner, to bleed.
saint, -e, sainted, sacred.
saint-cyrien, m., pupil of the military school of Saint- Cyr.
saisir, to seize, catch.
sale, dirty.
salir, to soil, sully, taint.
salle, /., room, hall; — d'
hôpital, hospital ward.
saluer, to greet, bow, wel-
come, salute; j'ai l'honneur
de vous — , I wish you good
day.
salut, m., safety, recovery,
salute, greeting.
salve,/., salvo, salute.
samedi, m., Saturday.
sandale,/., sandal.
sang, m., blood. sang-froid, m., nerve, self-
command, coolness.
sanglant, -e, bloody, blood-
stained, bleeding.
sanglot, m., sob.
sanguinaire, bloodthirsty.
sans, without.
Sans Fil, m., wireless.
sans que, without; — le
champ de bataille pût être
visité, without anyone be-
ing able to visit the battle-
field.
santé, /., health; service de
— , sanitary corps.
sapeur, m., mine-digger,
sapper.
sapinière,/., fir-grove.
satisfaction,/., satisfaction.
satisfaire, to please, gratify.
sauce, /., sauce; — courte,
" shorty." sauf, except.
sau-f, -ve, safe.
sauter, to jump; faire — , to
blow up.
sauvage, m., wild créature,
savage.
sauvage, tierce.
sauvegarde, /., safeguard.
sauver, to save; se — , to run away.
sauvetage, m., rescue.
sauveur, m., rescuer.
savant, -e, skilful, masterly.
savoir, m., knowledge, learning.
savoir, to know, know how, learn, be able, know to be, succeed in, understand; faire — (à), to inform; ils n'ont rien voulu — , they (the Germans) were unwilling even to consider it.
scander, to scan.
