aides, 'assistants', masc. ; aide, 'help', fem

Pa(;e 40.

1. 5. nous avons fnontJ...^v.'e hâve prepared the operating table'.

1. 19. ils iraient toute leur vie à quatre pattes, 'ihey would go on ail fours ail their lifc long'.

1. 27. le hettmann, 'the commander'; Jiettniann is a dignity among the Cossacks.

1. 30. je te défends. ..'^1 forbid your giving him any'; défendre — 'lo défend', défendre à = 'to forbid ' ; te is hère dat.

Page 41.

1. 6. pour te brûler les fnoustarhes = ^to blow out your brains'.

1. 12. à la bonne heure...' ail right ihen, but I don't like your Cossack jests'.

1. 33. elle devient toujours plus raide, ' it becomes more and more difficult'; raide from Lat. rig[i]dutn %vas formerly (and is still by many) spelt roide ; this change of the sound oi to ai in many French words l)egan in the isth century, but the spelling oi survived till Voltaire set the fashion of discarding it.

Page 42.

1. 7. toutes les raisons...' ail arguments whether good or bad are irrelevant'.

1. 10. à quoi me sert-il d'avoir. . . .? ' what's the good of my having. . . ? '

1. 24. plus il faut en brusquer la fin, 'the more imperative is it to precipitate the terminatinn'.

1. 31. écoute comme ça va bien, 'listen how well theyarc gctting on'.

Page 43.

1. 5. beaucoup sont tombés, 'many are down' ; tovibcr and the other ncuter verbs which express a change of place or a change of state are conjugated with être; of thèse a few aie conjugated with avoir lo

dénote the action and with être to dénote the state, e. g. il a tombé— ^\\<t luis had a fall', il est toT)ibé=^'ht is down'.