Bowring, vol. IV, pp

45. View of the Hard Labour Bill § XX11I. Cette formule essentiellement Benthamique, Bentham l'a empruntée au bill de 1778. Le Bill prescrivait que le traitement du directeur fût proportionnel à la quantité de travail fournie dans la prison, afin que « it may hecome the mterest as well as the duly ofeacb gowrnor to see that ail posons under hi- cnstodj be regularly and profitably employed ». Excellente leçon donnée aux législateurs, s'écrie Bentham ; c'est parce que ce principe a été négligé que les lois sont si mal appliquées, non par la faute des individus, mais par la faute des lois elles-mêmes : > It is by strokes like thèse that genius and pénétration distinguish themselves fiom shalowness and empiricism. . . The utopian sp -culator unwarrantably présumes that a man's conduct (on which side soever his interest lie; will quadrate with his duty. or vainly regrets that it will not so.

46. Bentham à Wïïsod 19-30 déc 1786. Bowring, vol. X. pp. 165-6,. Les lettres sont donc écrites dès 1786 ; et le titre du Panopticon, portant qu'elles ont été écrites en 1787, est inexact. — Béponse de Wilson à Bentham, 24 avril 1787 : objections faites par Bentham le père, difficulté de publier le travail d'un absent, critiques portant sur la forme épistolaire.

Wë are resolved, I mean Trail and myself, to hâve no concern in the publication of any other work which you may think proper to send over ». 'Bowring. vol. X, p. 172;. — Bowring dit roi. X, p. 171, : George Wilson, to xvhom he had sent a pamphlet on Prison Discipline, refused to send it to - as being « small game », the « subject impopular ».

47. Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33, 538 f . 275 : à son frère, le 1" janvier 1779.

48. Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33, 538 f. 423 : à son frère, le 28 décembre 1779 : la lettre originale est en français.

49. Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33, 539, f. 71 : à son frère, le 6 août 1780... The letter to ail thèse peoples are ail but printed : but I shall not hâve spirits enough I fear to put the last hand to them till after 1 hâve got over my présent ditficulties (difficultés relatives à la rédaction de son Introduction).

332 NOTES. (Pp. 154-155)

50. Raspe (Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33,539, f. 28); Le mardi (Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33.539, f. 45 verso : Bentham à son frère, 9 mai 1780, — f. 71 ; au même, 6 août 1780 ; Schiller, qui avait déjà traduit la Richesse des Nations -Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33,539, f. 104 verso : au même, 6 nov. 1780, — f. 198 : Samuel à Jeremie Bentham, 21 juillet 1781).

51. Add. M>s. Brit. Mus. 33,539, f. 81 : Samuel Bentham àJeremie Bentham, 4 sept. 1780.

52. Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33,539, f. 105 : lettre à son frère du 6 nov. 1780. — De Lolme avait traduit en français un opuscule de Lind (Add. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33.538, f. 89 : lettre à Samuel Bentham, du 22 janvier 1777). Bentham le caractérise en ces termes : « the man who wrote a book sur la Constitution de l'Angleterre which has great merit and is well esteemed».

53. Mss. Brit. Mus. 33,539, f. 117 : à son frère, le 26 dec. 1780 : ... It is a monstrous plague to me your driving it into my head with a fresh mallet every post that it must must must be in French ; when it can't can't can't be in French ; and so there's an end of it. You might as well tell me it must be in Turkish. There is not a créature I could get to translate it, and, as for doing it myself, were I to attempt such a thing it would take me up at least half a year.

54. Journal tenu par le père de Bentham, 7 dec. 1777. — Au matin, at son Jeremy's chambers, perusing bis new work proposed to be entitled «The Poliey of Punishment», (Bowring, vol. X, p. 86;. — Bentham à Wilson, Zadobras près Crichoff, 9-20 février 1787 : ... I am marginal-contenting Essai sur les Récompenses, about the size of Beccaria's book, with Vultaire's comment added to it. It was begun to serve as one of the divisions of my great French work ; but I found it détachable, so I swelled it out a little, and send it you to do what you will with it... Ail I hâve to say on the civil braneh of law is marginal-contentedand ready forreading were you but hère. It is a preceding introduetory book. There is a Frenchman of the name of Allix, whose business it is to teach French. Alderman Clark, by whose means I knew him once, knows, I suppose, w bere to find him. Him I should like to hâve to correct the press, andexpunge the solecisms. A parson would not do, because perjury subscriptions are abused, and the émoluments of ecclesiastics reduced to what they them- ML-lves set them at by Curacies. If Hughes' correctors understand accents and so forth. as a Frenchman would. I would take any chance for solecisms, if such a thief as Allix could not behadfor the value offiveguineas.

Bowring, vol. X, p. 170.. — Wilson (lettre du 24 avril, Bowring, vol. X, p. 172; fait des objections à l'emploi de la langue française. — Bentham, de retour en Angleterre, écrit à son frère, le 2 mai 1788 (Bowring, vol. X, p. 182) : <r As soon as I hâve finished such parts of Code as cannot be published one without the other, I go to Paris to get it corrected, and ad\ise about the printing it. » — C'est alors que Dumont entre en scène ; Bowring écrit: « In 1788, 1 find the first notice of Dumont, to whom Romilly

(P. 15o) NOTES. 333

had sent some of Bentham*s writings. He was struck with their originality and their power ; and said the author -was worthy to serve the cause of liberty. The MSS. were in French, andDumont offered to rewrite portions, and to superintend the publication of the whole. He calls himself tlie « unknown friend » (Ami inconnu) ». — L'indication donnée par Bentham en note du chap. xm de Y Introduction (2e édit., 1823) laisserait croire que Dumont a traduit Bentham ; en réalité, il l'a seulement corrigé et édité (Bowring, vol. X, p. 548). V. pour plus de détails, Appendice I.