W. of N., première phrase de l'Introduction

(Pp. 163-169) NOTES. 337

10. W. of N., Book I, chap. i ; vol. I, pp. 5 sqq. — Cf. Lectures, pp. 163 sqq.

11. A System of Moral Philosophy, Book II, chap. iv ; § 5. — Sur Hutcheson comme précurseur d'Adam Smith économiste, v. Cannan, Introduction aux Lectures, pp. XXV-XXVI, et William Bobert Scott, Fraiicis Hutcheson, pp. 230 sqq. Hutcheson fut le maître et le prédécesseur d'Adam Smith, dans sa chaire de philosophie morale à Glasgow.

12. Treatise, Book III, Part II, Sect. II (éd. Green, vol. II, p. 259).

13. W. of N., Book I, chap. h; vol. I, pp. 14 sqq. — Dans ses Institutes of Moral Philosophy, Adam Ferguson donne une théorie de la division du travail, qui est en somme identique à la théorie d'Adam Smith ; mais Ferguson avait subi l'influence de Smith i Bae, life of Adam Smith, pp. 258,264). — Même observation sur les curieuses notes prises par lord Shelburne en 1766 au sujet de la fabrication des boutons à Birmingham : « instead of employing the same hand to finish a button or any other thing, they subdivide it into as many différent hands as possible, finding beyond doubt that the human faculties by being confined to a répétition of the same thing become more expéditions and more to be depended on than when obliged or suffered to pa>s from one toanother. Thus a button passes through fifty hands, and each hand perhaps passes a thousand in a day : likewise, by this means, the work becomes so simple that, five times in six, children of six or eight years old do it as vvell as men, and earn from ten pence to eight shillings a week ». (life of lord Shelburne, vol. 1, pp. 402-3.. .Mais lord Shelburne était, depuis 1761, en relations personnelles avec Adam Smith (Rae, life of Smith, p. 153).— Priestley, dans son Essay de 1768, attache beaucoup d'importance, dans sathéoriedu progrès, au principe de la division du travail. — Mss. Univ. Coll. n° 87 : dans une note du manuscrit intitulé Indirect Législation, Bentham écrit : « In a fair bargain, as hath been very ingeniously observed by the Abbé de Condillac, each party is a gainer; each party by parting with that which in his estimation is worth Iess, acquires what in his estimation is worth more. If this were not the case, they would act each of them without a motive ». (« Le Commerce et le Gouvernement considérés relativement l'un à l'autre», Amst., 1776, 12"">i.