acte, m., act
acteur, m., actor, play-actor.
actif, -ve, active.
activité, /., activity.
actualité, /., actuaîity.
actuellement, presently, now.
VOCABULARY
adapter, to adapt; s* — , to adapt
oneself.
adieu, adv, and m., good-by,
farewell, adieu, adjoint, m., adjunct, associate,
assistant.
admiration, /., admiration, admirer, to admire, adopter, to adopt, appropriate.
adorable, adorable, adorer, to adore, worship.
adresse, /., address, skill; à V —
de, directed against.
adresser, to address; — la parole
à, to address.
adroit, -e, élever, skilful, handy.
aéroplane, m., aéroplane, aêrostier, m., oflBicer of the aëro-
nautic department.
affable, affable, affaire, /., affair, matter, case,
business; pi., affairs, business, affamer, to starve.
affecter, to affect, assume, affection, /., affection, afficher, to post (up).
affleurer, to be flush Oevel) with.
affluer, to flow in, come in large
numbers.
afin (de or que), in order to, in
order that.
Afrique, /., Africa.
âge, m., âge.
aggraver, to make worse; s' — ,
to grow worse.
agir, to act; il s'agit de, it is a
question of, we hâve to, it
comes to.
agrandissement, m., enlarge-
ment.
agréable, pleasant, agreeable.
agréablement, pleasantly.
agressif, -ve, aggressive.
agressivement, aggressively.
agricole, agricultural.
agriculteur, m., agriculturist, farmer.
agriculture, /., agriculture.
ah!, ah!, ha!
aide, /., help; à P — de, thanks to, with the help of .
aider, to help, aid, assist.
aiguille, /., needle; de fil en — , passing from one thing to another. {ui pronounced as in lui.)
ail, m., garlic.
aile, /., wing.
ailleurs, elsewhere; d' — , besides.
aimable, kind, agreeable, amiable.
aimablement, kindly.
aimer, to like, be fond of, love.
aîné, -e, adj\ and «., elder, eldest.
ainsi, adv. and conj., thus, so, in this manner, as follows; — que, just as; il en est — , so it is; c'est — que, so it is that, for example.
air, m., air, look, appearance, manner; le grand — , the open air; avoir 1' — (de), to look like, look as if.
aisance, /., ease, gracefulness.
aise, /., ease, pleasure.
aisé, -e, easy.
aisément, easily.
ajouter, to add.
alarme, /., alarm.
alcool, m., alcohol; réchaud à — , methylated spirit stove.
alcoolisme, m., alcoholism.
alentour, m., neighborhood; pL,
VOCABtJLAaY
aux — s de, around, in the
neighborhood.
Algérie, /., Algerîa, a French
colony in North Africa.
aligner, to Une up, lay ont in
Une.
alimenter, to feed.
aUêchant, ~e, alluring.
allée, /., walk, path, aUey.
allègrement, cheerfuUy, merrily.
Allemagne, /., Germany.
allemand, -e, adj. and s., Ger-
man. (Written Allemand when
«.) aller, to go, go on, get on, be
about to; s'en — , to go away;
allez I, that's sure, beUeve me;
n'allez pas croire, don't you
beUeve; aller et venir, to corne
and go, walk to and fro, etc.
allié, -e, adj, and s., alUed, ally.
allonger, to lengthen, dilute,
add water; s*^ — , to stretch out.
allumer, to light, kindie.
allure, /., manner, gait, pace.
alors, adv., then; — que, conj.,
when, while.
Alpes, /. pL, Alps.
Alsace, /., Alsace, (s pronounced
&BZ.)
Alsace-Lorraine, /., Alsace-Lorraine.
alsacien, -ne, adj. and 8., Alsatian. (Written Alsacien when
fi.) alternative, /., alternative, amarré, -e, moored.
amas, m., heap, mass.
amateur, m., amateur, lover, ambassade, /., embassy.
ambitieux, -euse, ambitions, ambition, /., ambition.
flme,/., soûl, heart, spirit, mind; inhabitant; état d' — , disposition, frame of mind.
améUoration, /., improvement.
améUorer, to improve.
amener, to lead, bring.
amer, -ère, bitter.
américain, -e, adj. and s., American. (Written Américain when 5.)
Amérique, /., America.
amertume, /., bittemess.
ami, -e, m., /., friend.
amirtice, m., bad pronimciation of armistice, a difficult word to pronounce for French country-people.
amitié, /., friendship.
amonceUement, m., heaping up, accumulation.
amortir, to deaden, weaken.
amour, m., love; avec — , loving-
ly-
amoureusement, lovingly, amor« ously.
amoureux, -euse, adj. and s., in love, lover.
amphitryon, m., host, entertainer.
ampoule, /., bulb.
amusement, m., amusement.
amuser, to amuse; s' — , to amuse oneself, be amused, hâve a good time; amusant, -e, amusing.
an, m., year.
ancêtre, m., ancestor (more fréquent in pi.).
ancien, -ne, ancient, former, of former times.
fine, m., ass, donkey.
anéantir, to annihilate, ruin.
VOCABtJLABY
anecdote, /., anecdote.
anémié, -e, anémie.
anémone, /., anémone, wind-
flower.
anglais, -e, adj. and s., English,
Englishman. (Written Anglais when 8,) Angleterre, /., England.
angoisse, /., anguish, great anxi-
ety.
anguille, /., eel; — sous roche,
mystery, snake in the grass;
flairer — sous roche, to smell
a rat.
animal, m., animal, animation, /., animation, animer, to animate; animé, -e,
animated, sprightly.
année, /., year.
annoncer, to announce.
antipodes, /. pL, Antipodes, anxieux, ^euse, anxious.
août, w., August. (Pronounced:
ou.) apaiser, to appease, soothe;
apaisant, -e, soothing.
apercevoir, to perceive, notice,
see; s' — (de), to perceive,
cte.
apparemment, apparently.
apparition, /., apparition, ap-
pearance.
appel, m., call, roll-call; faire V — ,
to call the roU.
appeler, to call, call out; s' — j be
named.
appétissant, -e, appetizing, in-
viting.
appétit, m., appetite.
appliquer, to apply, put one
thing on another, stick.
apporter, to bnng, bnng along.
apprécier, to estimate, value, ap-
preciate.
apprendre, to leam, teach, be
taught, tell, hear of, show.
apprentissage, m., apprentice-
ship.
apprêter, to prépare; s' — , to
prépare, get ready.
approcher, to approach; s' —
(de), to approach.
approfondir, to deepen.
appuyer, to prop, support, Ican;
s* — , to lean, rest; appuyé, -e,
leaned, leaning.
après, jyrep. and adv., after,
afterwards; — que, conj.f
after; d* — , according to,
after; — tout, after ail.
après-midi, m. (orf.), aftemoon.
araignée, /., spider.
arbitrer, to act as umpire, arbi-
trate.
arborer, to set up, hoist (a fiag).
arbre, w., tree.
arc, m., bow; lampe à — , arc-
lamp.
ardeur, /., ardor, fervor, spirit.
ardoise, /., slate.
argent, m., silver, money.
argenterie, /., silverware, silver.
argentin, -€, adj. and «., Argentine. (Written Argentin when
s.) Argonne, /., forest in France, argument, m., argument.
Armandine, /., Armandine.
(French Christian name.) arme, /., arm, weapon. armée, /., army.
armer, to arm, fit; armé, —e,
armed.
armistice, m., armistice.
VOCABITLARY
armoire, /., cupboard, closet.
arracher) to snatch, tear off , pull
out; s' — , to snatch from each
other's hands.
arrêter, to stop, draw up; s* — ,
to stop, arrière, adv., back; en — , back,
backwards.
arrivée, /., arrivai, arriver, to arrive, happen, corne;
y — , to succeed, hâve one's
will, do it.
arrogance, /., arrogance, arrosoir, m., watering-pot.
Ârtaban, proverbially proud hero
of La Calprenède's novel CMo-
pâtre (17th century).
artichaut, m., artichoke.
article, m., article, item, artillerie, /., artillery.
artiste, tn., /., artist. artistique, artistic.
asile, m., shelter, refuge, aspect, m., aspect, appearance,
sight. (Pronounced: aspè.) assaut, m., assault; pris d' — ,
stormed.
assécher, to drain, assembler, to assemble, gather,
put together, unité.
asseoir, to seat, set ; s' — , to sit, sit
down; assis, -e, seated, sitting.
assez, enough, sufficient, rather.
assidûment, sedulously, dili-
gently, constantly.
assiéger, to besiege.
assiette, /., plate.
assigner, to assign, allot.
assister, to be présent, attend,
witness.
association, /., association football, soccer. /
asstirer, to assure, ensure, cer-
tify, secure, enforce.
astiquer, to scrub, polish.
atelier, workshop, factory, studio.
Atlantique, adj. and m., Atlantic,
Atlantic Océan, atmosphère, /., atmosphère, attabler, to seat or place at table, attacher, to attach, fasten, bind,
fix; attaché, -e, devoted, cling-
ing to.
attaquer, to attack.
atteindre, to attain, reach.
attendre, to await, wait for,
wait, expect; s' — à, to ex-
pect; se faire — , to make the
others wait a long time; en
attendant que, till, until.
attente, /., waiting, wait, expec-
tation.
attentif, -ve, attentive, attention, /., attention, care.
atténuer, to extenuate, soften.
attifé, -e, bedizened, dressed
up.
attirer, to attract, draw.
attitré, -e, regularly, appointed
regular.
au (aux) "à le (à les), aucun, -e^ no, none, any.
Augier (Emile), French drama-
tist (1820-1889).
augmenter, to increase.
aujourd'hui, to-day.
auparavant, before, previously.
auprès (de), near, with.
auquel (auxquels, e^.)«à lequel
(à lesquels, etc.).
aussi, adv. and conj.y also, so, as,
therefore; — ... que, as . . .
as.
VOCABULARY
aussitôt, adv.f straightway, at once; — que, conj.f as soon as.
austère, austère, stem.
australien, -ne, adj. and 8., Australian. (Written Australien when s.)
autant, as much, as many, so many, as well; en faire — , to dothe same; d* — plus (moins), so much the more ÇiesB), the more (less).
Auteuil, a fashionable part of Paris.
auteur, m., author.
authentique, authentic, genuine.
auto, m. {oT f.)j motor-car.
automne, m., autimin.
automobile, m. [or /.), motorcar, automobile.
autorisation, /., authorization, consent.
autoriser, to authorîze.
autorité, /., authority, officiais.
autour, ado. and prep. {vrith de), around.
autre, other, else; d'autres, others; l'un V — , les uns les — s, each other, one another; l'un de 1' — , from each other; nous autres, we.
autrefois, formerly.
autrement, otherwise.
auvent, w., penthouse.
avaler, to swallow.
avance, /., advance; d' — , à 1' — y in advance; pl.j currying favor, attempt to ingratiate oneself ; en — sur, ahead of, more up-to-date than.
avancer, to advance; s' — , to advance.
avant, prep, and adv.j before; — de, before; en — , forward, in front.
avant-guerre, m., the years before the war.
avant-port, m., outer port.
avec, prep. (following noun should often be translated adverbially: — amour, lovingly).
avènement, m., accession, coming.
avenir, m., future.
aventure, /., adventure, expérience.
aventurer (s'), to risk oneself, venture.
avertir, to wam, give notice, inform, acquaint.
aveugle, adj. and a., blind, blind man.
avide, greedy, eager.
avis, m., opinion, notice.
aviser, to apprise, think of ; s' — , to take into one's head, come to the idea.
avoine, /., oats.
avoir, to hâve, receive, be (âge) ; to take (care) ; — faim, peur, chaud, etc., to be hungry, afraid, warm; il y a, there is, there are, ago, for (of time); on les a, weVe beaten them, they are nowhere; m., property. (When eu occurs in the forms of this verb, it is pronounced u.)
avouable, unobjectionable, unexceptionable.
avouer, to own, confess, aoknowledge.
avril, m., April,
VOCABULAKY
Bade, /., Baden, a German province on the right bank of the Rhine.
badois, -e, adj, and s., of Baden, inhabitant of Baden. (Written Badois when «.)
baigner, to bathe; se — , to bathe.
baïonnette, /., bayonet.
baisser, to lower, drop.
balafré, -e, gashed, scarred. (It was the custom of the German Btudents, before the war, to fight duels and pride themselves on a gash on the cheek.)
balai, m., broom; fabricant de — s, broom-maker.
balalaïka, /., balalaïka, a sort of Russian mandolin.
balayer, to sweep.
balcon, m., balcony.
balle, /., bail, bullet.
ballon, m., foot-ball.
banc, m.f bench, seat.
bandage, m., bandage, dressing.
bannière, /., banner.
banque, /., bank.
baptiser, to christen, name, add water (to wine). (p not pronounced.)
baraque, m., booth, shack, hutment.
baraquement, m., hutment.
barbe, /., beard.
barbelé, -e, barbed.
barbu, -e, adj. and s., bearded, bearded man.
baril, m., barrel, cask.
barque, /., bark, small boat.
barricade, /., barricade.
bas, m.f stocking.
bas, -se, adj.f ado. and m., low, in a low tone, down, lower side;
en — y below; là , yonder,
over there; à — , down, completely destroyed.
bassin, m., pond, pool.
bataille, /., battle.
bataillon, m., battalion.
bateau, m., boat.
bâtiment, m., building.
bâtir, to build.
bâtisse, /., building.
bâton, m., stick, staff, club.
battre, to beat, strike, guard, watch (a road) ; se — , to fight; battu, -e, beaten; terre battue, mud (mud-floor, etc.).
Bayonne, a town of southem France, near the Spanish frontier.
béatitude, /., bliss.
beau (bel before vowels), belle, beautiful, fair, handsome, fine; tm — soir, one fine evening, one evening.
Beauce, a wheat-growing district of France, southwest of Paris.
beaucoup, much, many, very much, a good deal.
Beaulieu, a small village of Beauce.
beauté, /., beauty.
Beauz-Ârts, m. p2.. Fine Arts.
bébé, m., baby.
bel et bien, positively, undeniably.
belge, adj. and s., Belgian. (Written Belge when a.)
Belgique, /., Belgium.
belliqueux, -euse, war-like.
béquille, /., crutch.
VOCABULAKY
berge, /., steep bank.
Bertha, German form of Berthe (Bertha). The Parisians called Bertha the cannon which bombarded Paris in the spring of 1918, because that cannon had been built in the gim-foundry of Bertha Kxupp.
besogne, /., work, occupation, business.
besoin, m., need, necessity; avoir — de, to need, must.
bêta, m., dunce, blockhead; le gros — , a pun for la grosse Berfha, q.v. Bertha and bêta are Uttle différent in pronunciation.
bétail (pL bestiaux), m., cattle.
bête, /. and adj., beast, animal, cattle; foolish, silly; pas — , clever.
bêtement, foolishly, stupidly.
bicyclette, /., bicycle; aÙer à — , to ride a bicycle.
bien, adv, and m., well, very, quite, many, much, fully, nicely, comfortable; w., good, a good thing, property, possession; — du (etc.), much; — des, many; — que, conj.y although; si — que, so that; aussi — , besides; mener à — , to accomplish succesfully; il a — fait de, he was right to; tant — que mal, with much ado, as best one can.
bien-être, m., comfort.
bientôt, soon, nearly; à — , goodby, l'U see you again soon, etc,
bienveillant, ~e, friendly, kindly, benevolent.
bière, /., béer.
billard, m., billiard-table, billiards; salle de — , biUiardroom.
biUet, m,, note, ticket, slip.
biscotte, /., biscuit, toast.
Bismarck (Otto, Prince von), German chancellor, responsible for the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71 (1815-1898).
blague, /., hxunbug, bosh, funny story, yam.
blâmer, to blâme.
blanc, blanche, adj» and m., white.
blé, m., wheat, grain.
blesser, to wound, offend, hurt; blessé, -e, m., wounded soldier or offîcer; grand blessé, severely woimded soldier.
blessure, /., woimd.
bleu, -e, adj. and m,, blue; — horizon, sky-blue, horizonblue (the color of the French imiform).
bleuet, m., com-flower.
blindage, m., fender, iron-plate (to keep off water in a mine).
blocus, m.f blockade.
bluff, m.f bluff.
bœuf, m., ox, beef.
boire, to drink; verre à — , drinking-cup.
bois, m., wood.
boiserie, /., wainscoting.
boisson, /., drink.
boite, /., box, can, tin.
boiter, to limp, be lame.
boiteux, -euse, adj* and s., lame, limping.
bolchêvisme, m., Bolshevism.
bombardement, m,, bombard-ment, shell-fire.
VOCABULABT
bombarder, to shell.
bombe, /., bomb.
bon, -ne, good, kind, pleasant; pour de — , pour tout de — , really, for good and ail; il fait — , it is good to; à quoi — ?, what's the use?; — mot, good joke, bright saying.
bonbon, m., candy.
bond, m., bound, leap, jxunp.
bonhomme, m., good-natured or worthy f ellow, old f ellow, f ellow, chap, worthy man; (pi, bonshommes).
boniment, m., mountebank's speech (to attract customers).
bonne, /., maid.
bonnet, m., bonnet, cap.
bord, m., edge, border, bank, shore, brim; à — , on board.
Bordeaux, one of the big French ports, l3dng near the mouth of the Garonne, some seventy miles from the Atlantic Océan.
bordelais, -e, adj. and s.j inhabitant of Bordeaux. (Written Bordelais when a.)
border, to border, tuck up, Une.
borgne, adj. and s., one-eyed.
bosquet, m., bower.
botte, /., boot.
botté, -e, booted.
bouche, /., mouth.
boucle, /., curl, winding.
boue, /., mud.
bouger, to stir, move, budge.
bougie, /., wax candie.
bouillir, to boil.
boulanger, m., baker.
boulangerie, /., baker's shop, bakery.
boule, /., bowl, bail, boulevard, m., boulevard; les
Grands Boulevards, a number
of boulevards (de l'Opéra, de
la Madeleine, etc.) in the cen-
ter of Paris, bouleversement, m., overthrow,
disorder, confusion.
bouquet, m., bouquet, nosegay.
bourdonnement, m., buzzing,
humming.
bourg, m., borough, small
town.
bourgade, /., hamlet.
bourgeon, m., bud.
bourguignon, -ne, from Bur-
gundy (district in the east of
France).
bourrer, to cram, stuff, fill.
bousculer, to knock; to jostle.
boussole, /., compass.
bout, m., end, bit, limit; au —
de, at the end of , after.
bouteille, /., bottle.
boutique, /., shop; fermer — , to
close down.
bouton, m., button, knob.
brandir, to brandish.
branlant, -e, shaky, rickety; branle-bas, m., alarm, hubbub,
bustle.
braquer, to level, aim.' bras, m., arm, hand; à ^le-
corps, — dessus — dessous,
arm in arm.
brassard, m., armlet, arm-band.
brasserie, /., brewery.
brave, brave, worthy, fine, good;
ces — s, those fine fellows,
those good men.
bref, brève, adj, and adv.f brief,
short, in short
VOCABULABT
Brest, a great French port, situated in Brittany.
Bretagne, /., Brittany.
bretelle, /., brace, strap; l'arme à la — , carrying one's gun behind one's shoulder, sling arms!
breton, -ne, adj. and s., of Brittany, Breton. (Written Breton when s.)
breuvage, m., beverage, drink.
bridge, w., bridge.
Brieux (Eugène), contemporary French dramatist.
brigand, m., bandit, ruffîan.
briller, to shine; — par son absence, to be conspicuously absent; brillant, -e, brilliant, shining; pas brillant, no good, rather poor.
brin, m., bit.
brique, /., brick.
briser, to break, break down, shatter, knock up.
brosser, to brush.
brouette, /., wheelbarrow.
brouillard, m. y fog, mist.
bruit, w., noise, report, rumor.
brûler, to bum, smoke; brûlé, -e, burnt, buming.
brun, -e, brown, dark; brune,/., dark-hftired girl, brunette.
brusque, blunt, abrupt, sudden.
brusquement, quickly, abruptly, bluntly.
brutal, -e, brutal, rude.
buffet, m., sideboard.
bureau, m., desk; office.
buste, m., bust.
but, m., goal, aim; dans le — de, with a view to, in order to.
byvard; m.| blotting-paper.
c' (ç*), see ce.
ça, see cela.
cabaret, m., tavem, bar, saloon.
cabinet, m., office, closet, cabinet, small room; — de toilette, dressing-room, bathroom.
cache-nez, m., comforter, muffler.
cacher, to conceal, hide.
cachot, m., dungeon, prison.
cadeau, m., présent.
cadre, m., frame, enviromnent.
café, m., cofFee, cofifee-house, café.
cage, /., cage.
caisse, jf., case, box, crate.
caissette, /., smalI box.
calciner, to bum, parch, scorch.
calèche, /., open carriage^ barouche.
calibre, m., calibre.
calleux, -euse, callous, hard.
calme, adj. and m., calm, quiet, tranquillity.
calmement, calmly.
calmer, to calm, quiet; se — ^ to become cahn, quiet down.
camarade, m., /., comrade.
camaraderie, /., comradeship.
Camille, masculine and féminine Christian name.
camion, m., truck; — automobile, motor-truck.
camouflage, m., camouflage, disguise.
camp, m., camp.
campagne, /., country; pZ., countryside.
camper, to camp; être campé, to be encamped, stand firmly.
canadien, -ne, adj. and s., Ca-
VOCABTJLART
nadian. (Written Canadien when s.)
canaille, /., riff-raff, scoundrel.
canal) m., canal.
canari, m., canary.
candidat, m., candidate.
candidature, /., candidacy, application.
canne, /., cane, stick.
canon, m., cannon, gun-barrel; baïonnette au — , with fixed bayonet.
cantine, /., canteen.
capable, capable, able.
capitaine, m., captain.
capital, -e, capital, chief; capitale,/., capital (city).
capricieux, -euse, capricious.
captif, -ve, captive, prisoner.
captiver, to captivate, fascinate; captivant, -e, fascinating.
captivité, /., captivity.
car, for.
caractère, m., character, disposition.
caractériser, to characterize.
carboniser, to bum through, consume.
cardamine, /., cardamine, ladysmock.
carré, ~e, adj, and m., square; partie — e, supper party consisting of four persons, usually two ladies and two gentlemen.
carreau, m., pane (of glass).
carrefour, m., crossway.
carrière, /., career, vocation, calling.
carrosse, m., coach.
carte, /., card, map, post-card.
carton, m., cardboard, pasteboard.
cas, m., case, event; en tout — , at ail events, at any rate.
casanier, -ère, stay-at-home (in a bad meaning).
casemate, /., casemate.
caserne, /., barracks.
casernement, m., barracks, accommodation, precincts.
casser, to break, split, crack, break down.
cauchemar, m., nightmare.
cause, /., cause, reason; à — de, because of , on accoimt of .
cavalerie, /., cavalry.
cave, /., cellar.
ce, dem. pr., this, that, it; — qui,
— que, which, what.
ce, cette (ces, p{.), dem. adj. pr., this, that; cette ntut, last night, to-night.
ceci, dem, pr., this, this thing.
céder, to cède, yield, give way.
ceinture, /., belt, waist.
cela, dem. pr., that, that thing, that fellow or those fellows (familiar in last sensé); avec — , with that, besides. (Abbreviated: ça.)
célébrer, to celebrate.
celle, see celui.
celui, celle (ceux, celles, p^), dem, pr., this, that, this one,
etc.; ci, ^là, the latter,
the former; this one, that one;
— qui, he who, etc.
celte, Celtic.
cendre, /., a^hes, cinders.
censeur, m., censor.
censure, /., censorship.
cent, m., one cent. (Pronounc^
as in English.) cent, card., one hundred.
VOCABULARY
centaine, /., about one hundred,
hundred.
centenaire, adj,, a hundred years
old.
centime, m., centime (fifth of a
cent).
central, -e, adj. and 5., central,
chief, central ofBce.
centre, m., center.
cependant, adv. and canj., how-
ever, yet, meantime.
cerceau, m., hoop.
cercle, m., circle.
Cemay, a small Alsatian town.
certain, -e, certain, some.
certainement, certainly.
certes, certainly, no doubt.
certitude, /., certainty, assurance, cerveau, m., brain.
cesse, /., cessation; sans — , în-
cessantly, always.
ceux, aee celui.
chacun, -e, pr., each, each one.
chagrin, m., grief, sorrow.
chaland, m., barge, chaleureusement, warmly.
chamarrer, to cover with gold
lace or braid, bedeck.
chambre, /., chamber, room; —
à coucher, bedroom.
chambrée, /., barrack-room.
champ, m.f fîeld.
chance, /., chance, luck, outlook,
way out.
changement, m., change, changer, to change, chanson, /., song.
chant, m., sînging, song, air.
chanter, to sing.
chaos, m., chaos, chaotique, chaotic.
chapeau, m., bonnet, hat.
chapelet, m., beads, string.
