livre, /., pound

livrer, to deliver, give over; se

— à, to dévote oneself to, give

oneself over to, indulge.

local, -e, local, location, /., letting out, lease; de

— , rented.

locomotive, /., locomotive, loger, to lodge, stay, live, ac-

commodate, put up.

logis, m., house, dwelling, home, loi, /., law.

loin, adv, and m., far away, distant; au — , far away.

lointain, -e, distant, far away.

Loire, /., river of central France.

loisir, m., leisure.

Londres, London.

long, -me, adj. and m., long,

length; le — de, along; tout

du — , ail along.

longtemps, adv., long, a long

time, for a long time.

Lorraine, /., Lorraine, province

of eastem France.

VOCABULARY

lorSy then, that time; deptiis — , dès — , since then.

lorsque, when.

louer, to praise, rent, lease.

Louis xm, Lewis ibe XlIIth, king of France in the first lialf of the 17th century. His name has been given to a partîcular style of architecture and fumiture.

lourd, -e, heavy, dull, clumsy.

lourdement, heavily.

lueur, /., gleam, li^t.

lui, conj, pr., see le; disj, pr., him, it, he, on his part, himself, itself .

lui-même, elle-même (euxmêmes, elles-mêmes, pi.), pr.j himself, hei;self, itself, etc.

lumière, /., light.

lutte, /., struggle, wrestling.

luxe, m., luxury.

Luxembourg, m., Luxembourg, name of the building in which the French Senate holds its sittings; also the pubUc garden which surrounds that palace.

luxueux, -euse, luxurious, cost-

lycée, w., French state high-

school.

Lyon, Lyons, big city of eastem

France, lyrique, lyric.

M., abbrevioHon for Monsieur;

m', 8ee me.

ma, see mon.

Madagascar, Madagascar, French African colony.

madame (mesdames, pi.), /., Mrs., Madam; — la Major, Mrs. Major, an un-French expression meant to ridicule the German habit of gîving German officers' wives the rank of their husbands.

Madelon, /., pet-name for Madeleine; a well-known French song dear to the poilus.

mademoiselle, /., Miss.

maestro, m., comp>oser (lUdian, master).

magasin, m., store, shop.

magie, /., magie.

magnanime, magnanimous, highminded.

magnifique, magnificent, splendid.

maigreur, /., thinness, meagreness.

maille, /., farthing; avoir — à partir avec quelqu'un, to quarrel, hâve an argument with somebody (literally: hâve to share a farthing with somebody).

main, /., hand.

maintenant, now.

maintenir, to maintaîn, keep hold.

maire, m., mayor.

mais, but.

maison, /.,house, household, cottage ; à la — , home, at home ; — ouvrière, workman's cottage.

maître, m., master, teacher.

majestueux, -euse, majestic.

major, m., major.

majorité. /., majority^ plurality.

VOCABtJIiART

mal, aâo, and m., evîl, wrong, ill, in a bad way, BorCi badly, harm, trouble.

malade, adj. and a., ill, sick, sick man, patient.

maladiîf, -ve, sickly, unhealthy.

mal-appris, m., a vulgar, underbred person.

mâle, adj. and m., maie, man.

malgré, in spite of; — que, although.

malheur, m., unhappiness; à quelque chose — est bon, there is some good to be derived from misfortune.

malheureusement, unfortunate-

ly.

malheureux, -^use, odj. and s., unfortunate, unlucky, wretch.

malin, maligne, adj. and 8., cunning, sly, shrewd, cunning person.

malle, /., tnink; faire sa — ^, to pack one's trunk.

maltraiter, to ill-treat, use rough-

ly.

manche, m., handle; — à balai,

broomstick.

manchot, -e, adj. and s., one-

armed, one-armed person.

mandoline, /., mandolin.

manger, to eat, eat up.

manie, /., mania, fancy.

manier, to handle.

manière, /., manner, sort, kind;

de — à, so as to.

manifestation,/., démonstration.

Mannheim, big industrial cîty of

Germany.

manquer, to be lacking, be miss-

ing, lack, miss, fsdl; il en

manque cinq, five are missing.

mansuétude,/., gentleness, mildness.

Manteuffel (von), German gênerai of the Franco-Prussian war, who was later made govemor of Alsace-Lorraine.

manuel, m., manual, hand-book.

marais, m., marsh, fen.

marchand, -e, m., /., merchant, shopkeeper.

marchandise, /., merchandise, wares, goods.

marche, /., march, walk, step, progress, move; la — à suivre, the way to proceed, the steps to be taken.

marché, m., market; bon — , cheap, cheaply; par-dessus le — , into the bargaîn.

marcher, to march, go on, walk, proceed, bum; faire — , to run.

marécage, m., marsh, swamp, bog.

maréchal, m., marshal.

Marguerite, Margaret.

mari, m., husband.

marier, to marry off; se — , to get married.

marine, /., marine, navy; officier de — , naval officer.

maritime, maritime, naval.

mark, m., mark (German coin worth approximately 24 cents in normal conditions).

marmitée, /., potful.

marmotter, to mutter, mumble.

Maroc, m., Morocco, part of northem Africa adjoining Algeria and under IVench protectorate.

marocain, -e, adj. and 8., Mo-

VOCABULARY

roccan. (Wrîtten Marocain

wh^i 8.)

marque, /., mark, track, token.

marquer, to mark, show, indicate; marqué, -e, marked.

marquis, -e, m., /., marquis, marchioness.

marromiier, m., India chestnuttree.

mars, m., March.

Mars, Mars, a planet.

Marseillaise, /., Marseillaise, French national anthem, cornposed by Bouget de l'Isle in Strasbourg during the Révolution, and first sung by a battalion of Marseilles soldions.

Marseille, Marseilles, great French seaport on the Mediterranean.

masctilin, -e, masculine.

masse, /., mass, heap.

masure, /., hovel, poor cottage.

matelas, m., mattress.

matériel, -le, adj, and s., material, concrète; — de chemin de fer, rolling-stock.

matin, m., moming, dawn.

maudire, to curse.

mauvais, -e, bad, wretched, evil, wrong.

Maximilienne, /., Maximiliane.

Mayence, Mainz, German town on the Rhine.

me, conj, pr., me, to me.

mécanique, mechanical.

méchamment, maliciously, wickedly.

méchant, -e, naughty, mean, mischievous, bad, malicious, wicked, villainous, cruel; de humeur, bad-tempered.

méconnaissable, not to be recognized.

médecin, m., doctor, physician.

médecine, /., medicine.

médiateur, m., pick.

médical, -e, médical.

médiocre, médiocre.

méditer, to meditate, think over.

Méditerranée, /., Mediterranean Sea.

méfait, m., misdeed.

meilleur, -e, better; le — , best.

mélancolie, /., melancholy.

mélanger, to mingle, mix.

Melbourne, Melbourne, big Australian seaport.

mêler, to mingle, mix, confuse; se — à, (avec), to mingle with, take part in.

mélodieux, -euse, melodious.

membre, m., member, limb.

même, adj. and adv., same, seK, very, even; de — , in the same way; à — de, able to; celui-là — , the very one; tout de — , ail the same.

mémoire, /., memory.

mémorable, mémorable.

mendiant, m., beggar.

mener, to lead, bring, take, drive.

mentalité, /., mentality.

mentionner, to mention.

menu, -e, adj, and m., thin, small, trifiing, light, menu, bill-of-fare.

méphitique, mephitic, poisonous; Guillatmie le — , William the Mephitic, nickname given to William II after he sanctioned the use of gas by the Germans in the Ypres battle (April, 1915).

vôeAitjLÀB'r

méprendre (se), to mistake, be mistaken; à s'y — , so that anybody could hâve been tniataken, very much.

mer, /., sea; port de — , seaport.

mère, /., mother; patrie,

mother-country.

Meredith (George), a wellknown English poet and novelist of the 19th century.

méridional, -e, fibuthem; Le Petit Méridional, The Little Southemer, name of a Montpellier newspaper.

mériter, to merit, deserve.

merveilleusement, marvelously, wonderfully.

merveilleux, -euse, wondeiful, marvelous.

mes, see mon.

mésaventure, /., misfortime, misadventure.

message, m., message.

Messieurs, see Monsieur.

mesure,/., measure, proportion; à — que, in proportion as; donner sa — , to give an example of one's ability ; prendre ses — s, to take the necessary steps.

métal, m., métal; ouvrier en métaux, métal worker.

métallique, metallic, métal.

métallurgiste, m., metallurgist; ouvrier — , métal worker.

méticuleux, -euse, scrupulous, very careful.

métitr, m,, trade; de son — , profesnonal, professionally.

mètre, m., meter (89 inches).

métro, m. (abbreviation of mé« tropolitain), the Paris subway.

mettre, to put, place, set; se — à, to begin, start to, set out in.

mets, m., dish. (s not pronoimced.)

meuble, m., pièce of fumiture, fumiture; pi, fumiture.

meubler, to fumish.

mi (invariable), half ; à — -chemin, half-way.

miche, /., loaf .

midi, midday, noon, south.

mieux, better, more; de son — , the best he can, etc. ; le — , best.

militaire, adj. and m., military, soldier.

mille, m. and card., mile; one thousand, thousand.

millier, m., about one thousand, thousand.

million, m., million.

millionnaire, m., millionaire (the owner of a milUon francs, that is $200,000).

mince, thin, slender, imimportant.

mine, /., mine; ingénieur des — s, mining enghieer.

minéral, -e, minerai.

mineur, m., miner.

miniature, /., miniature.

minier, --ère, mining; société minière, mining concem.

minimum, adj. and m. (invariable), minimum.

ministère, m., department, office (War OflSce, Home OBBce, etc.), ministry.

minuscule, tiny, diminutive.

minute, /., minute.

miracle, m., miracle.

mise, /., putting; — en scène^ staging, scenery.

VÔCABULARY

misère, /., misery, destitution,

hardship.

mobilisation, /., mobilization.

mobiliser, to mobilize, draft.

mode, /., manner, style, fashion;

à la — ^, in style, fashionable;

bœuf à la — , pot-roast.

moderne, modem, up-to-date.

modeste, modest, small.

moelleux, --euse, soft, (oe pro-

nounced as oi in poil.) moi, conj. and disj, pr., me, to

me, I, myself . moindre, adj., less; le — , least,

the slightest.

moineau, m., sparrow.

moins, adv.^ less, the less; le — ,

the least; au — , du — , at

least; à — que or de, unless;

n'en . . . pas — , none the less,

nevertheless.

mois, m., month.

moisi, -e, adj, and m., moldy,

musty, stu£fy, mold, moldiness.

moisson, /., harvest.

moment, m., time, moment; sur

le — , at the time; en ce — , at

présent; le — venu, when the

appointed time came or cornes.

' mon, ma (mes, pi.), posa, adj.

pr., my.

monde, m., world, people, Society; tout le — , everybody;

pas le moins du — , not a bit

of it.

mondial, -e, of the world.

monotonie, /., monotony.

monsieur (messieurs, pi,), m.,

mister, sir, gentleman; ab-

breviated: M., Mr.

montagne, /., mountain.

' "^ntaigne, f amous French

writer of the 16th century; Lycée — , a secondary school in Paris, monter, to mount, go up, come up; — la garde, to mount, guard.

Montpellier, a town of southem France, the seat of a centuryold university.

montrer, to show, point out.

Moody (William Vaughan), great American poet and dramatist.

moquer, to mock; se — de, to make fun of, care nothing about; en se moquant, mockingly.

moqueur, -euse, mocking, de-

riding.

moral, -e, adj. and m., moral, mental, morale; au — , moraUy.

moralement, morally.

moralité, /., morality.

morceau, m., morsel, bit, pièce, mort, /., death; guerre à — , war

to death.

mort, -e, dead.

mortel, -le, mortal, deadly, bor-

ing.

Moselle, /., tributary of the

Rhine.

mot, m., Word; gros ~, insuit,

sweai^word.

motte, /., clod, lump, mouchoir, m., handkerchief .

mourir^ to die.

mousse, /., moss, foam.

moustache, /., mustache. mouton, m., sheep, mutton.

mouvement, m., movement, motion.

VOCABULABT

mouvementé, -e, agitated, full

of incidents, eventful.

Moyen, a Lorrain village.

moyen, -ne, adj. and m., aver-

age, mean, médium, means, . way.

moyennant, prep., by means of,

on condition, moyenne, /., average.

M.P., àbbreviation of Military

Police, muet, -te, adj. and s., mute,

silent.

mugissement, m., lowing, bel-

lowing, roaring.

Mulhouse, industrial city of

southem Alsace, multiplier, to multiply; se — , to

multiply , gro w more numerous.

multitude, /., multitude.

Munich, capital of Bavaria.

munir, to supply, provide with;

se — de, to provide oneself

with; muni, -e, provided with.

municipalité, /., municipality,

city.

munitions, /. p2., ammunition.

mur, m., wall.

muscle, m., muscle, musée, m., muséum, musicien, m., musician.

musique, /:, music.

mutilé, m., mutilated soldier.

myosotis, m., forget-me-not.

mystifier, to mystify, hoax.

N n', see ne.

nacelle, /., boat, basket, car (of

an airship).

nage, /., swimming; se jeter à

la — , to start swimming.

nager, to swim.

nageur, m., swimmer.

naguère, lately, but now, not

long ago.

naître, to be bom; né, née, bom.

naïvement, ingenuously, artless-

ly.

Nancy, French town, the chief

city of Lorraine.

Napoléon, Nap^oleon I, French

emperor from 1804 to 1815.

nappe, /., tablecloth, sheet (of

water). .

Narbonne, picturesque city of

South France, narrer, to narrate, tell, natal, -e, natal, native, nation, /., nation, natioiud, -e, national, nationalité, /., nationality.

nature, /., natiu'e, kind.

naturel, -le, adj. and m., natural,

naturalness.

naturellement, naturally, of

course, naufrage, m., shipwreck; faire

— , to be shipwrecked.

navigable, navigable; voie — ,

water-way.

navrer, to break the heart of;

navré, -e, heart-broken.

ne (usuaUy T/rithlpeiSj point, etc.),

not (freguenUy pleonastic)] ne

. . . que, only.

néanmoins, nevertheless, not-

withstanding.

néant, m., nothing, nothingness,

trifle.

nécessairement, necessarily.

nécessité, /., necessity.

nécessiteux, -euse, adj. and 9.,

needy, indigent.

VOCABULARY

ou, conj.f or; — ... — ^ either

. . . or.

où, adv., where, in which, when;

d* — , from where, out of which.

Ouanrille, village lying about 50

miles Southwest of Paris, oublier, to f orget.

oui, adv.f y es; mais — ^ quite so.

outil, m., tool.

outre, prep. and adv., beyond,

beside; d' — , from beyond.

outre-mer, adv., oversea.

ouvrage, m., work.

ouvrier, -ère, adj, and «., work-

ing, workman, of a workman.

ouvrir, to open; ouvert, -e, open,

frank; intelligence ouverte,

open mind, enlightened mind.

page, /., page.

païen, -ne, adj. and s., pagan,

heathen.

paillasse, /., straw-mattress.

paille, /., straw.

pain, m., bread, loaf.

paire, /., pair, paix, /., peace. Palais-Bourbon, m., palace on

the left bank of the Seine,

used by the Chamber of Depu-

ties.

pampre, m., vine-branch.

Panama, Panama, panama, m., panama, panama-

hat.

pancarte, /., placard, notice,

poster, pansement, m., dressîng.

panser, to dress (a wound).

pantalon, m., pair of trousers,

trousers; — rouge, contemp-

tuous name given in 1914 to the French soldiers by the Germans, because at that time the French inf antry was still wearing red trousers.

papa, m., papa, daddy.

papier, m., paper.

Pftques, m., Easter.

paquet, m., package, parcel.

par, by, through, with, because of, for, along, by way of, in, on; — jour, a day.

parade, /., parade.

paradis, m., paradise.

paraître, to seem, appear; il parait, parait-il, they say, IVe heard.

parapluie, m., umbrella.

parasol, m., parasol, sunshade.

parc, m., park, pen, fold. (c pronoimced.)

parce que, because.

parcours, m., stretch.

pareil, -le, similar, lîke, such, such a.

parent, -e, m., /., relative; pL, relatives, parents.

paresse, /., laziness.

paresseux, -euse, slack, lazy.

parfaitement, peif ectly.

parfois, at times.

parfum, m., perfume, flavor.

Paris, Paris.

parisien, -ne, adj. and s.. Parisian. (Written Parisien when

«.) parler, to speak, talk, talk of;

entendre — de, to hear of ; tu

parles {slang) ^ believe mel

rather!

parmi, among.

paroisse, /., parish.

VOCABULARY

parole, /.| word, speech; adresser la — à, to speak to; sur — , on parole.

parquet, m., floor, wooden floor (usually vamîshed).

part, /., part, direction, share; pour ma — y I for one, as for me; d'autre — , on the other hand; quelque — , somewhere, anywhere; de la — de, on the part of, coming from; prendre — à, to participate, take share in.

partager, to share, divide, distribute.

partenaire, m., /., partner.

parti, m.f décision; prendre le (son) — , to make up one's mind; en prendre son — , to submit to something, accept one's fate.

participer, to participate, take part.

particulier, -ère, adj, and m., particular, peculiar, private, private citizen; en — , in private.

particulièrement, particularly.

partie, /., part, portion, game; en grande — , largely; faire — de, to, to be one of , be a part of ; se mettre de la — , to corne in.

partir^ to départ, leave, set out, go off, share; parti, -e, gone.

partout, everywhere.

parvenir, to reach, attain, succeed, arrive.

pas, m., step, pace.

pas, adv.y not, no; ne ... —, not, no.

Pascal, French philosopher and

controversîst of the 17th cen-

tury.

passage, m., passage, passing,

going by; au — , on the way.

passer, to pass, pass over, spend,

go through; se — de, to dispense with, go without; passé,

-e, adj. and m., past.

passe-temps, m., pastime.

passionnément, passionately.

paternel, -le, patemal, fatherly.

patience, /., patience. (In this

and in the next word, H is pro-

nounced as ci.) patienter, to wait patiently.

pâtisserie,/.,pastry, pastry-shop.

patrie, /., native land, home, patriotiquement, patriotically.

patriotisme, m., patriotism.

patron, -ne, a., patron, master,

mistress, owner, employer, patrouille, /., patrol.

patrouiller, to patrol.

patte, /., paw, foot, claw, leg.

pâture, /., pasture, food.

pauvre, adj. and s., poor, pitiful,

poor person.

pavé, m.f pavement, payer, to pay, pay for; faire — ,

to charge, pays, m., coimtry, district. (Pro-

nounced: phyi; the same pro-

nunciation occurs in the next

three words.) paysage, m., landscape, scenery.

paysan, -ne, adj, and a., peas-

ant.

payse, /., girl from the native

village, sweetheart.

peau, /., skin.

pécher, to sin.

pêcheur, -eose, m., /. and aélj.;

VOCABULARY

fishennan, fîsherwoman, fish-

ing.

peine, /., trouble, pain» grief,

difficulty; à — , scarcely; à

grand' — , hardly; sous — de,

without, under pain of .

peintre, m., painter.

pêle-mêle, helter-skelter, hig-

gledy-piggledy, topsyturvy.

pelle, /., shovd.

peller, to shovel.

pelotonner (se), to roll oneself up.

pelouse, /., lawn.

penaud, -e, ashamed, embar-

rassed, abashed.

pendant, prep., during, for

(time) ; — que, œnj.f while.

pendre, to hang; pendant, -e,

hanging; pendu, m., hanged

man; veine de — , extraor-

dinary luck.

pénétrer, to penetrate, enter, go

in; — d'admiration, to fill

with admiration, pénible, difficult, laborious, pain-

fui, distressing. pensée, /., thought, thinking.

penser, to think, think out;

vous n'y pensez pas!, you

don*t mean it!, how can you • say such a thing?

pension, /., pension, board,

boarding-house.

pensionnaire, m., /., boarder,

boarding-school girl or boy.

pénurie, /., dearth, shortage.

perçant, -e, piercing.

perche, /., pôle, perdre, to lose, ruin, undo; se — ,

to lose oneself, get lost.

père, m., father.

perfectionner, to improve; se —

en anglais, to improve one's English.

perforer, to perforate.

périlleux, -euse, perUous, dangerous.

péripétie, /., varied events, vicissitude.

périodique, adj. and m., periodical.

permission, /., permission.

permissionnaire, m., soldier on leave.

permettre, to permit, allow.

perruque, /., wig.

persécuter, to persécute.

persévérance, /., persévérance.

personnage, m., personage, person of importance, person.

personne, /., person, créature, young lady; m., any one, no one; ne . . . — , no one, nobody.

personnel, m., personnel, hands, employées.

perspective, /., prospect.

persuader, to persuade; se — , to persuade oneself, imagine.

perte, /., loss, ruin; à — de vue, as far as the eye can reach; en pure — , ail for nothing.

petit, -e, adj. and s., small, small person, little one.

petite-fille,/., granddaughter.

pétrole, m.f petroleum; bateau à — , motor launch.

Pétrograd, Petrograd, the capital of Russia.

peu, adv. and w., Uttle, not very, a little, few; un — , quelque — , a little, somewhat, just a Httle.

peuple, m., people, nation.

vocabuiAry

peur, /., fear; avoir — , to be afraîd.

peut-être, perhaps.

pharmaceutique, pharmaceutic; produit — , drug.

philosophai, -e: pierre philosophale, philosopheras stone (an imagiiiary stone long sought af ter by alchemists as a means of transfonning other matais into gold).

philosophique, philosophical.

phosphate, m., phosphate.

photo,/, (short for photographie), photograph, photography,

photographe, m., photographer.

photographie, /., photography, photograph.

photographique, photographie.

phrase, /., phrase, sentence.

physique, adj. and m., physical, physique; au — , physically.

physiquement, physically.

pianiste, m., pianist.

piano, m., piano.

pic: à — , perpendicular, steep.

pièce, /., pièce, room, play, coin.

pied, m.j foot; à — , on foot.

pierre, /., stone.

pieusement, piously, Tvith dévotion.

piler, to pound.

pillard, m. and adj.f pillaging, plunderer.

pinard, m. (slang) y wine.

pinceau, m., brush (painter's).

pioche, /., pickax, mattock.

piocher, to work with a pickax.

pipe, /., pipe.

pique, /., pike; passer entre les — s, to pass the pikes.

piquer, to prick, stick, prod, bite;

piquant, -e, prickly, stinging,

piquant.

pire, adj\f worse; le — , worst.

pis, adv,, worst; le — , worst.

piston, m., piston, pitié, /., pity; faire — , to arouse

pity.

pittoresque, picturesque.

place, /., place, square, position,

room; sur — , on the spot;

faire — à, céder la — à, to

make way for.

plafond, m.y ceiling.

plaindre, to pity; se — de, to

complain of .

plaire, to please.

plaisanmient, ludicrously, pleas-

antly, jokingly.

plaisanterie, /., joke.

plaisir, m., pleasure; faire — , to

give pleasure; prendre — à,

to deÛght in; pour le — de, for

the sake of .

planche, /., plank, board, wood.

plancher, m., fioor.

plantation, /., plantation, plante, /., plant.

planter, to plant, place, fix, stick.

plat, m.y dish; mettre les pieds

dans le — , to put one's foot

in it.

platane, m., plane-tree.

plein, -e, fuU, open (air, field,

etc.)] en — e figure, right in

the face; en — désert, right

in the désert, pleurer, to weep, weep for.

plier, to fold, bend; se — à, to

submit to.

pluie, /., rain.

plume, /., feather, pen.

plupart, /. : la — de, most of .

VOdABULABY

plus, adv., more, in addition, some more; le — , most; tout au — , at most; ne . . . — , no more, no longer; — ,de, no more, more than; une fois de — , once more; le — , the most; de — , in addition, more; de — en — , more and more; des — , most.

plusieurs, adj. pi,, several.

plutôt, rather, sooner.

pluvieux, -euse, rainy.

poche, /., pocket; lampe de — , pocket-lamp.

poêle, w., stove; /., frying-pan.

(oê in this word is pronounced as oi in poil.)

poème, m., poem.

poétique, poetical.

poignée, /., handful; — de main, hand-shake.

poilu, m., hairy, poilu, French soldier.

point, m., point; à ce — que, to such an extent that; sur le — de, about to, on the eve of .

point, adv.f not at ail; ne . . . — , not at ail; — de, or de . . . — , no, not one.

Poirier (Le Gendre de Monsieur — ), title of a witty French comedy by Emile Augier.

poison, m., poison.

poitrine, /., breast, chest.

poli, -e, polite.

policier, -ère, belonging to the poUce; chien — , pohce hound.

poliment, politely.

politesse, /., politeness; brûler la — à quelqu'un, to take French leave.

Pologne, /., Poland.

polonais, -e, adj. and «., Polish, Pôle. (Written Polonais when

«.) pomme, /., apple, spray (of a

shower-bath); — de terre,

potato.

pompe, /., pimip, spray. pont, m., bridge, deck.

populaire, popular.

population, /., population.

porc, m., pig, pork. (c is not

pronounced.) port, m., port, seaport; arriver

à bon — , to arrive saf ely.

porte, /., door, gâte, doorway.

portefeuille, m., pocket-book,

portfolio, porte-monnaie, m.,- purse.

porter, to carry, bear, wear, cast;

se — , be (of the health); ne

pas s'en — plus mal pour cela,

not be any the worse for it;

bien portant, in fine health.

porteur, m., bearer.

portière, /., carriage-door, car-

riage-window.

portugais, -e, adj. and s., Portu-

guese. (Written Portugais

when s.) poser, to place, put, set down,

ask (a question) ; — sa candidature, to send an appUcation.

posséder, to possess, own, hâve, possible, possible, poster, to post, place, station, pot, m., pot.

potager, -ère, culinary; jardin

— , kitchen-garden.

potasse, /., potash; sels de — «

potash-salts.

pouce, m., thumb, inch.

VOCABXJLAKY

poudre, /., powder, dust; jeter de la — aux yeux, to throw dust into the eyes, show off.

poumon, m., lung; à pleins poumons, so as to fill one's lungs.

poupée, /., doll; — en miniature, miniature doll.

pour, for, to, as, in order to, in regard to; — que, that, in order that.

pourchasser, to pursue eagerly, run af ter.

pourquoi, conj, and adv., why, why?

poursuite, /., pursuit, race.

poursuivre, to pursue, follow up, continue, keep, run after.

pourtant, adv. and conj., however, nevertheless.

pourvu de, pourvu que, provided that.

pousser, to push, thrust, drive, urge on, grow, actuate.

poussette, /., perambulator, "pram," buggy.

poussière, /., dust.

poutre, /., beam, rafter.

poutrelle, /., iron beam, girder.

pouvoir, to be able, can, may, be able to do; on ne peut plus . . ., extremely . . .

prairie, /., meadow.

pratiquer, to practise.

pré, m., meadow.

préalablement, previously, beforehand.

précaution, /., précaution.

précédent, -e, preceding.

précéder, to précède.

précipiter, to precipitate, throw; se — , to rush forth, rush forward.

précis, -e, précise, accurate.

précisément, precisely, exactly.

préférable, préférable, préférence, /., préférence; de — ,

preferably.

préférer, to prefer.

prématuré, -e, prématuré, premier, -ère, fîrst, greatest. prendre, to take, take on, catch,

get, make, assimie; s'y — , to

go about it; prenant, -e, cap-

tivating, moving.

prénom, m., first or Christian

name.

préoccupation, /., préoccupation,

care, thought.

préoccuper, to preoccupy.

préparatif, m., préparation, préparation, /., préparation, préparer, to prépare, plan, près, prep. (with de) and adv.,

near, nearly, about to; à peu

— , almost.

présent, -e, adj. and a., présent;

jusqu'à — , till now; à — , now.

présenter, to introduce, présent;

se faire — , to get introduced;

se — , to occur.

présider, to préside, préside over.

presque, almost, nearly.

presser, to press, hiury, lu^e;

se — , to be in a hurry, crowd,

press, press close; pressant, -e,

pressing, urgent; pressé, -e,

in a hurry, hurried; courir au

plus pressé, do what's most

urgent first. pression, /., pressure, prêt, -e, ready.

prétendre, to prétend, claim,

maintain; prétendu, -e, as-

sumed, so called.

VOCABULARY

prétexte, m., pretext, pretense.

preuve, /., proof ; faire — de, to

show, évince, prévenir, to anticipate, wam, in-

form.

prévoir, to foresee; il est à — , it

can be expected; prévoyant,

-e, provident, cautious.

prier, to pray, beg, ask.

primaire, primary; école — ,

primary school, elementary

school.

primevère, /., primrose, cowslip.

primitif, -ve, adj. and t»., primitive; d*tm — achevé, exceed-

ingly rudimentary, extraordi-

narily primitive, principal, -e, principal, chief .

principe, m., principle. printemps, m., spring.

prise, /., capture, pinch of snnff .

prison, /., prison, prisonnier, -ère, m., /., prisoner;

— de guerre, war-prisoner.

priver, to deprive; se — de, to

forbear to.

privilège, m., privilège, prix, w., price, value, prize, cost.

probable, probable, probablement, probably.

problème, m., problem.

procession, /., procession.

prochain, -e, next, nearest, com-

ing, immédiate.

proche, near, nigh; — parent

de, close relation of, closely

related to.

procurer, to procure, get; se — ,

to procure, get.

prodigieusement, prodigiously.

prodigieux, -euse, prodigious.

nrodiguer, to lavish.

producteur, m., producer.

productif, -ve, productive.

produire, to produce, tum out; se — , to be produced, be made, occur.

produit, m., product.

professeur, m., prof essor; madame la — f German way of addressing a professor's wife.

profession, /., profession; de — , professional.

profit, m., profit.

profiter, to profit, take advantage.

profond, -e, profound, deep.

profondeur, /., depth.

programme, m., program.

progrès, m., progress, improvement.

projectile, m., missile.

projet, m., project, plan.

promenade,/., promenade, walk; faire une — , to take a walk.

promener, to take about, take out, walk; envoyer — j to send packing, hurl; se — , to take a walk, walk.

promeneur, m., walker, a person walking for pleasure, stroUer.

promesse, /., promise.

promettre, to promise; ça promet, that's a nice beginning; la terre promise, the promised land.

prononcer, to pronounce, utter, déclare, deliver.

propagande, /., propaganda.

propos, m., purpose, object, remark, talk; à — de, in regard to, in connection with; tenir des — , to make utterances.

VOCABULARY

proposer, to propose.

propre, adj., proper, clean, own,

good for;. m., characteristic.

proprement, properly.

propret, -te, neat, clean.

propriétaire, m., proprietor,

owner, land-owner.

prosaïque, prosaic.

prosaïquement, prosaically.

prose, /., prose.

prospère, prospérons, prospérer, to prosper, thrive.

protéger, to protect.

protester, to protest, prouver, to prove.

provenir, to come from.

proverbe, m., proverb.

province, /., province; de — ,

provincial, provincial, -e, provincial, provision, /., provision, supply.

provisoire, provisional, tempo-

rary.

provisoirement, provisionally,

temporarily.

proximité, /., neamess; à — de,

near, close to.

prudent, -e, prudent, prunelle, /., pupil, eyebaJl.

prussien, -ne, adj. and «., Prus-

sian. (Wrîtten Prussien when

s.) pu, see pouvoir, public, publique, adj. and m.,

public, pudiquement, modestly, bash-

fuUy.

puis, then.

puiser, to draw, draw forth.

puisque, since.

puissant, -e, powerful, mighty.

puits, m., well; — de mine, pit.

punition, /., punishment.

pupitre, m., desk.

purement, purely.

pureté, /., purity.

purge, /., purgation; prendre la

— , to get a soimd licking, be

drubbed {famUiar).

qu', see que.

quadrupler, to quadruple, increase fourfold.

quai, m., quay.

quand, when, if, even if.

quant (à)^ as for, as to.

quantité, /., quantity; en — , in large numbers, many of them.

quarante-huit, card., forty-eîght.

quarante-sept, card., forty-seven.

quart, m., quarter, fourth; — d'heure, quarter of an hour.

quartier, w., quarter, quarters, section; Quartier Latin, Latin Quarter (on the left bank of the Seine in Paris; the University (Sorbonne) and the principal schools of Paris are located in it).

quatre, card.^ four; à — pattes, on ail fours.

que, conj. and adv.y that in order that, than, as, whether, why, how, but {flfter a négative) j let, see that (tised also to avoid répétition of a conjunctioUf then takes the meaning of the first conjunctùm); ne . . . — , only, but, except; ne fût-ce — , were it only.

que, rel. pr., whom, which, what, ever; ce — , what, how, etç,

VOCABULABY

que, int. pr,, what?; qu'est-ce

— (qui)?, what?

quel, -le, adj. pr. {rd, or int.),

what, which, of what kind,

who.

quelque, ind^. adj. pr., some, a

few ipl.) ; about, approximate-

ly (Ibeifore a cardinal nurnber

and irwariable in that mean^

ing)'f — chose, something; —

. . . que, however.

question, /., question; il est —

que, there is a question of,

they speak about.

questionner, to question, ask

questions, queux, m., cook; nudtre — , head

cook, chef, qui, rd. pr., who, which, what,

whoever; ce — , who, which,

what, etc. ; — . . ., — . . ., one

. . ., another; de — , whose,

etc.

qiu, int. pr.j who?, which?, what?

Quinconces (les), /. pi., name

of a large square in Bordeaux

(quinconce - quincunx) .

qtdnze, card.j fifteen.

qtdtter, to quit, leave, lay aside,

take off; se — , to take leave

of each other.

quoi, int. and rd. pr., what,

which; de — , wherewith;

— !, by Jovel quoique, although.

quotidien, -ne, daily.

raccommoder, to mend, repair, raconter, to tell, narrate, tell of, relate.

raffinement, m., refinement.

rafle, /., comering, forestalling;

faire la — de, to corner, buy

ail the stock.

rage, /., rage; faire — , to rage, raillerie, /., raillery, mockery.

raison, /., reason, satisfaction;

en — de, on account of, be-

cause of ; à — de, at the rate

of ; se faire une — , to become

reasonable, get reconciled with

one's fate.

raisonnable, reasonable.

raisonner, to reason, argue; se

— , to argue with oneself , re-

monstrate with oneself.

ramasser, to pick up, gather.

ramener, to bring back, lead or

draw back.

ramer, to row.

ramoner, to sweep (a chimney).

ramoneur, m., chimney-sweep.

rance, rancîd.

rancune,/., grudge, spite, rancor.

rang, m., rank, row.

rangée, /., row.

râpé, -e, shabby.

rapide, rapid, quick, swift.

rapidement, rapidly.

rapidité, /., quickness, speed.

rappeler, to recall, remind; se

— , to recall, remember.

rapport, m., report, relation, rapporter, to bring back or in,

tell, report, raquette, /., racket, rare, rare, scarce.

rarement, seldom.

rareté, /., rarity, rareness.

rassembler, to coUect, gather;

se — f to assemble, gather.

rassurer, to reassure; se — , to

VOCABTJLARY

be reassured; rassuré, -e, confident; pas plus rassuré que ça, not a bit confident.

râtelier, m., rack; — d'armes, rifle-rack, gun-rack.

rattraper, to catch again, catch up.

ravir, to ravish, enrapture, déliât; ravissant, ~e, captivating, charming.

ravitaillement, m., revictualling, food-distribution.

ravitailler, to provide (with f ood, etc.),

rayon, m., ray, beam.

réaliser, to realize, exécute; se — , to come tnie, come off.

réalité, /., reaUty; en — , indeed, as a matter of fact.

rebâtir, to rebuild.

récemment, recently.

récent, -e, récent.

recevoir, to receive, admit, let through.

réchaud, m., chafing-dish, small stove.

recherche, /., searching, investigation; à la — de, in search of, in quest of .

rechercher, to search for, seek.

réclamation,/., claim, complaint, protest.

réclamer, to reclaim, claim, protest.

récolte, /., harvest.

récolter, to harvest, collect.

recommencer, to recommence, begin again.

récompenser, to reward.

recompter, to count again.

réconcilier (se), to be reconciled, get reconciled.

reconnaissance, /., gratitude,

thankfulness.

reconn^tre, to recognize, admit,

realize, acknowledge.

reconstituer, to reconstitute; se

— , to be rehabilitated, recon-

stituted. reconstruction,/., reconstruction, reconstruire, to rebuild, rehabil-

itate.

recours, m., recourse; avoir — à,

resort to.

recouvrir, to cover again, cover.

reçu, m., receipt.

reculer, to draw back, fall or go

back; rectilé, -e, distant, redevenir, to become again.

rédiger, to indite, write.

redoutable, dreadful, terrible, redouter, to dread.

réduire, to reduce, compel.

refaire, to make again. .

réfectoire, m., dining-hall, com-

mons.

refermer, to close again; se — ,

to close again.

réfléchir, to reflect, think.

reflet, m., reflection (of light,

etc.), réflexion, /., reflection, remark, réforme, /., reform, discharge

(for illness).

réformer, to reform, discharge

(for physical inability, mostly

from the army).

refréner, to restrain, curb.

réfugier (se), to take refuge;

réfugié, -e, m., /., refugee.

refuser, to refuse, "pluck" (at

an examination).

regagner, to regain, go or get . back to.

VOCABULARY

régaler, to regale, treat; se — , to enjoy tremendously {geiveraUyfood or drink).

regard, m., glance, look.

regarder, to look at, look, concem.

régime, m., diet, rule, régime.

régiment, m., régiment.

Régina (hôtel — ), the name of a hôtel in Paris.

région, /., région.

règlement, m., régulation.

réglementer, to regulate, subject to rules.

régner, to reign.

regretter, to regret, be sorry for.

régulièrement, regularly.

rein, m., kidney, back.

réjouir, to rejoice; se — , to rejoice, delight; réjouissant, -e, encouraging, satisfactory.

réjouissance, /., merry-making, festival.

relâcher, to relax, slacken.

relativement, relatively.

relever, to lift again, raise, lift, tum up.

relier, to connect.

remarquable, remarkable.

remarque, /., remark.

remarquer, to remark, notice, see, catch sight of .

rembourrer, to stuff, pad.

remémorer, to recall, bring to mind.

remercier, to thank.

remettre, to put back, bring back, give, give away, deliver, heal, recover; se — , to put oneself back, place oneself again, recover; se — à, to begin again; — sur pied, to set

on foot again, make again fit for work.

remonter, to come up again, go back, go up.

rempart, m., rampart, fortress wall.

remplacer, to replace.

remplir, to fill, fulfil; rempli, -e, filled, full.

renidtre, to be bom again, revive, spring up again.

renard, m., fox.

rencontre, /., meeting, event, emergency.

rencontrer, to meet, come across.

rendez-vous, m., rendez-vous, appointment.

rendre, to render, give back, restore; se — , to surrender, be- Ueve in, admit, make oneself.

renoncer, to renounce, give up.

renouveler, to renew, repeat.

renseigner, to inform; se — , to get information.

rente, /., income, annuity, income from govemment bonds; titre de — , bond.

rentrer, to reênter, go back, go back home.

renverser, to upset, overturn, throw over.

renvoyer, to send back or away, dismiss, kick back.

répandre, to scatter, spread; répandu, -e, scattered, popular, well-known.

repartir, to set out again, start again.

repas, m., meal.

repentir (se), to repent.

répéter, to repeat, rehearse; se — , to repeat to each other.

VOCABTILART

répondre, to respond, answer, reply; je vous réponds, I warrant you, I will answer for it;

— au nom de, to be named.

réponse, /., answer, reply.

reporter, to carry or bring back;

se — , to go back.

reporter, m., /., reporter, newspaper correspondent.

reposer, to repose, rest; reposant, -e, restful.

r^rendre, to take again, get again, take on again, take up, continue, catch again, take back, regain, résume; se — à, to start again.

représaiUe, /., retaliation, reprisai; p2., reprisai.

représentant, m., représentative.

représentation, /., performance.

représenter, to represent, perform.

réprimer, to repress, put down.

reprise, /., retaking, start; à plusieurs — s, several times.

reprocher, to reproach, blâme.

république, /., republic.

répugnance, /., dîslike.

réputé, -e, reputed, held, renowned.

réquisitionner, to réquisition, conmiandeer.

réseau, m., network, system; le

— du Nord, the Northern . Railroad System.

réserve, /., reserve, proviso.

réserver, to reserve, hâve in store.

résidence, /., résidence.

résignation, /., résignation.

résigné, --e, resigned, submissive.

résineux, -euse, resinous.

résistance, /., résistance, résister, to resist, withstand.

résolution, /., resolution, résoudre, to résolve, solve.

respect {dL not pronounced), m.,

respect; tenir en — , to hold in

check, keep in awe.

respecter, to respect, respectif, -ve, respective.

respirer, to breathe.

ressembler, to resemble, look

like.

ressentir, to feel, expérience, ressortir, to go or come out

again.

ressource, /., resource, restant, m., remainder.

restaturant, m., restaurant, restaurer, to restore, reste, m., rest, remains, trace,

refuse, parings; du — , de — ,

au — , for the rest, besides.

rester, to remain, stay, stand;

il ne reste plus qu'à, or reste

à, the only thing that remains

to be done is to.

résultat, m., resuit.

rétablir, to reëstablish, rebuild.

retapé, -e, adj. and m., ^'plucked"

(at an examination).

retard, m., delay; en — , late;

en — sur, more backward,

less up-to-date than.

retenir, to retain, hold back,

hold, remember.

rétine, /., retina.

retirer, to retire, draw back, get,

draw out.

retomber, to fall again.

retoucher, to touch up, revise,

correct.

VOCABULARY

retour, m., retum; faire — à,

be given back to; de — , back.

retourner, to go back, retum.

retravailler, to work again, be

again at work.

retrouver, to find again; se — ,

to find oneself again.

réunir, to reunite, bring to-

gether, collect.

réussir, to succeed (in); réussi,

-e, successful.

revanche, /., revenge; en — ^ on

the other hand, in retum.

réveiller, to awaken; se — , to

awaken. Revendre, to sell again; à — ,

enough to hâve plenty to sell,

enough and to spare.

revenir, to corne back, retum.

rêver, to dream.

réverbère, m., street-lamp.

revêtir, to put on; se — de, to

assume, revisiter, to revisit, visit again.

revivre, to revive, corne to Ufe

again, live again.

revoir, to see again; au — ^ good-

by (till next meeting).

révolutiqn, /., révolution, revue, /., review; passer en — ,

to review.

Rhin, m., Rhine, river on the

eastem border of France.

riche, adj. and 5., rich, rich per-

son.

richesse, /., riches, wealth {aUo

in pi.).

ridicule, adj, and m., ridiculous,

ridicule; tourner en — , to

laugh out, make fim of .

rien, m.f nothing, anything; ne

... — , nothing; — que ça!,

that's ail!; — que, only; un — , a mère nothing; il n'en est — j it is not so, it is not true.

rieur, m., laughter.

rincer, to rinse, wash; se — l'œil, to look persistently at a pretty thing, usually a pretty girl (famUiar); du rince-bouteille, bottle-wash, water (the idea being that water is just good enough to rinse bottles with, but ought not to be drunk).

Rintintin, /., a féminine doU,.

playfuUy considered as a talisman against German bombs during the bombardment of Paris (spring, 1918).

rire, to laugh; m., laughter, laugh.

risque, m., risk.

risquer, to risk.

rive, /., bank (of a stream).

rixe, /., scuffle, brawl, quarrel.

Robert, m., Robert.

Rochambeau, French nobleman who fought for America during the War of Independence.

roche, /., rock.

rogue, adj.y proud, haughty.

roi, m.f king.

rôle, m.f rôle, part; tenir un — , to play a part.

romain, -e, adj. and s., Roman* (Written Romain when 8.)

roman, m., novel.

ronchonner, to grumble, protest.

rond, -e, adj. and m.f round; en — , in a circle.

ronde, /., round, patrol; à la — , ail roimd.

rondelet, -te, plump, pretty big.

ronfler, to snore, roar, snort.

VOCABULABY

ronger, to gnaw, eat away; se

— , to worry, fret, rose, /., rose; adj.y pink.

rôti, m., roast, roast-meat, roast-

beef.

roue, /., whed.

Rouen, French port near the

mouth of the Seine and capital

of Nonnandy.

rouge, red.

rouiller, to rust; se — , to get

rusty.

rouleau, m., roll, roller; — à

vapeur, steam-roUer.

rouler,, to roll, cycle, ride, roumain, -«, o^;. and s., Ru-

manian. (Written Roumain

when 8.) route,/., way, road, route; en — ,

on the way.

routinier, -ère, cuij. and s., fond

of routine, person who acts by

routine, rouvrir, to open again.

royalement, royaUy, wonderf ully

well.

royaume, m., realm.

ruban, m., ribbon.

Rubinstein, .famous Russian

composer, rue, /., Street, ruine, /., ruin.

ruiner, to ruin.

ruisseau, m., small stream, rivu-

Jet.

rumeur, /., rumor, murmur,

noise, ruminer, to ruminate, ponder.

rusé, -e, crafty, tricky, cunning.

russe, adj. and s., Russian.

(Written Russe when s.) xyéime, m., rhythm.

s', aee se or si.

sa, see son.

sable, m.f sand.

sablonneux, -euse, sandy.

saboter, to spoil, destroy.

saboteur, m., one who destroys.

sabre, m., sword, saber.

sac, m.f sack, bag.

sacrer, to swear.

sacrifier, to sacrifice.

sage, a4j\ and m., wise, wise man, good.

sain, -e, healthy, sound.

saint, -ej holy, saint.

Saint-Cyr, small city near Paris, the seat of the French training-school for officers.

Sainte-Barbe, Saint Barbara, the patron saint of miners and artillerists.

Saint-Louis, name of an islahd of the Seine, in the heart of Paris, not far from Notre- Dame.

Sainte-Thérèse, Saint Theresa, name of one of the chief plants for the extraction of potash in southem Alsace.

saisir, to seize, catch, grasp.

saison, /., season.

salaire, m., salary.

sale, dirty, nasty, dingy.

saleté, /., dirt, dirtiness.

salle, /., hall, room; — à manger, dining-room.

salon, m., drawin^-room, parler.

saluer, to bow to, greet, salute.

Sambre-et-Meuse, an old French miUtary march.

sang, m., blood.

VOCABULART

sans, prep., without, except for,

had it not beeû for; — ça,

otherwise; — que, conj,, with-

out.

santé, /., health.

sapin, m,f fir-tree.

sardine, /., sardine, satirique, satiric.

satisfaction, /., satisfaction, satisfaire, to satisfy.

saturé, -e, saturated.

sauce, /., sauce.

saucisse, /., sausage. sauf, except.

sauge, /., sage, sauter, to jump; faire — , to blow

up.

sauvage, adj. and s., wild, savage.

sauvagerie, /., wildness, barbar-

ity.

sauver, to save; sauve-qui-peut,

m., rush, flight (literally: let

him flee who can).

savant, -e, adj. and a., scholarly,

leamed, scholar.

savoir, to know, know how, find

out, can; on ne saurait, we

(etc.) cannot.

savon, m., soap.

savourer, to savor, relish.

Saxe, /., Saxony.