scène, /., scène; mettre en

to stage, présent, show, scie, /., saw.

scier, to saw.

scolarité,/., attendanceat school.

se (s'), refl. pr.y himself, herself,

itself, themselves, etc.

séance, /., sîtting.

seau, m.f pail, bucket.

sec, sèche, dry, dried up; à — ,

dry.

sèchement, dryly, curtly.

second, --e, adj. and m., second,

help, aide-de-camp, (c pro-

nounced as g.) secouer, to shake, shake ofiE.

secours, m., aid, help, assistance, secret, -ète, adj. and m., secret.

secteur, m., sector.

section, /., section, part, bit.

sécurité, /., security, safety.

séditieux, -euse, seditious.

seigneur, m., lord.

Seine, /., Seine.

séjour, m., sojoum, stay, visit.

sel, m., sait.

selon, according to.

semaine, /., week, semblable, similar, like, of this

kind.

sembler, to seem; semblant, -e,

seeming; faire semblant de,

to feign to, prétend to; il me

semble, it seems to me.

semelle, /., sole (shoe).

Sénat, m., Senate.

sens, m.f sensé; reprendre ses

— , to become consolons agaîn,

regain consciousness; à mon

— , in my opinion. (Final a

pronounced.) sensation, /., sensation, sensationnel, -le, sensational.

sentiment, m., sentiment, feel-

ing.

sentimental, -e, sentimental, sentinelle, /., sentry.

sentir, to feel, perceive, smell,

smdil of ; se — , to fed oneself,

feel.

seoir, to become, suit; seyant,

-e, becoming, fitting.

séparation, /.« séparation.

VÔCABtJLAKY

séparer, to separate; se — , to

separate, take leave from one

another.

sept, card., seven. (p not pro-

nounced.) septembre, m., September.

sérénité, /., c^mness, serenity.

série, /., séries, sérieux, -euse, serious.

serre, /., hot-house.

serrer, to tighten, squeeze,

shake (hands) ; serré, -e, tight,

compact, dense, pressed.

service, m., service, military service, conmiission; faire du — ,

to serve (in the army); faire

le — de, to ply (ferry-boats). servir, to serve, be of use; — de,

to serve as; se — de, to make

use of , use.

ses, aee son.

seuil, m., threshold.

seul, -e, alone, single, only; im

— et même, one and the same.

seulement, only, even.

sévère, severe.

sévir, to rage, exist, be strongly

déveloped, be prévalent, sexe, m., sex; le beau — , the

f air sex.

seyait, see seoir, si, conj. and adv.f if, to see if,

whether, so, so very; — ...

soit-il, however . . . it (he, etc.)

may be.

siècle, m., century.

siège, m., seat, siège, sien, -ne, adj. pr, iu8uaUy wUh

le), his, hers, its, his own, etc.;

les — s, his people or family,

etc.

sifflet, m., VErhistle.

signature, /., signature.

signe, m., sign; faire — , to make a sign, beckon.

signer, to sign.

signifier, to signify, mean.

simple, simple, mère, only; — soldat, private.

simplement, simply, merely.

simulacre, m., sham, mockery; — de conseil de guerre, travesty of a court-martial.

simuler, to feign, simulate.

simultanément, simultaneously.

sincérité, /., sincerity.

singulier, -ère, singular, peculiar.

singulièrement, singularly, aw* fully.

sirop, m.f syrup ; — de grenouille, frog-sjmip (contemptuous for:

water).

sirène, /., siren.

Sirius, name of a star.

situation, /., situation.

situer, to place; situé, -e, situated.

six, card., six. (Pronounced sisa when alone, si when followed by a Word beginning with a consonant, siz when followed by a Word beginning with a vowel.)

sixième, ord., sixth. (x pronounced as z.)

snobisme, m., snobbishness.

sobre, sober.

soc, m., plowHshare.

société, /., Society, company.

sceur, /., sister.

soi, refl. pr., oneself, itself (indefinite) ; — -disant, so-called, pretended, would be.

VOCABULARY

soie, f.f silk.

soigner, to take care of, look

after.

soin, m., care, attention; avoir

— de {inf,), to take care

of.

soir, m., evening.

soit, whether; — ... — , either

... or; — que ... — que,

either because . . ., or. be-

cause.

soixante, card., sixty. (x pro-

nounced as s.) soixante-dix, card,, seventy.

sol, m., soil, gronnd, fioor.

soldat, m., soldier.

solefl, m., sun, sunlight, solennel, -le, solemn. {len pro-

nounced Um in this and in the

next Word.).

solennellement, solemnly.

solidement, strongly, steadily.

solitaire, solitary.

solitude, /., solitude, sollicitude, /., solicitude.

sombre, dark, gloomy.

sommairement, summarily.

somme, /., sum, proceeds.

sommeil, m., sleep.

sommier, m., hair-mattress,

spring-mattress.

son, m., Sound, son, sa (ses, p^.), posa, adj.. pr.,

his, her, its.

songer, to dream, muse, think.

sonore, sonorous.

Sorbonne, the Paris University.

sort, m., lot, fate.

sorte, /., sort, kind.

sortir, to go out, corne out, get

out, stick out, be out.

sottement, foolishly.

sou, m., sou, cent; roman à quatre sous, trashy novel, two-penny novel.

soucieux, -euse, anxîous.

souffle, m., breath, breathing.

souffrir, to suffer.

souiller, to soil, sully.

soulager, to reUeve.

soulever, to raise, lift.

soumettre, to submit, subject.

soupçonner, to suspect.

soupe, /., soup.

souper, m., supper.

soupir, m., sigh.

soupirer, to sigh.

souple, supple.

sourciller, to frown, wince.

souricière, /., mouse-trap.

sourire, to smile; m., smile.

souris, /., mouse.

sous, under, beneath, in.

sous-off, m., familiar abbreviation of sous-officier.

sous-officier, m., non-commissioned officer, non-com.

sous-sol, m., basement, cellar.

soutenir, to sustain, bear, maintain, support, keep up.

souterrain, -e, adj. and m., subterranean, subterraneàn passage, tunnel.

soutien, m., support, prop.

souvenir (se), to remember.

souvenir, m., memory, recollection, remembrance.

souvent, often.

soyeux, -euse, silky, silken.

spacieux, -euse, spacious, roomy.

spécial, -e, spécial.

spectacle, m., spectacle, show, play, sight.

spectateur, m., spectator.

vocabtjlabyI

Splendeur, /., splendor.

splendide, splendid.

spontané, -e, spontaneous.

sport, m.f sport, sportif, -ve, sportsmanlike,

sporting, sport.

Stassfurt, German town, well-

known through its potash

mines, statistique, /., statistics.

stentorien, -ne, stentorian, very

loud.

stérile, fruitless, barren.

strictement, strictly.

stupide, stupid.

style, m., style, subir, to imdergo.

subsister, to subsist, live on.

suc, m., sap.

succès, m., success; roman à — ,

novel that sells well, popular

novel.

successivement, successively.

sucrer, to sugar, sweeten.

sud, m., south; l'Afrique du — ,

South Africa.

suédois, -e, adj. and a., Swede,

Swedish. (Written Suédois

when 8.) suffire, to suffice, be enough.

suggérer, to suggest, hint.

side, /., soot.

Suisse, /., m. and adj., Switzer-

land, Swiss. (Written suisse

when adj.) suite, /., following, retinue, succession, resuit, rest, sequel;

tout de — , de — , inmiediate-

ly.

suivre, to follow, study, attend.

sujet, m., subject.

supercherie, /., wile, trick, de-

ceit, superficiellement, superficially.

superflu, -e, superfluous.

supérieur, -e, adj. and m., su-

perior, upper; ordre — , in

exécution of an order from

above.

superstructure, /., surface plant, supplanter, to take the place of,

supersede.

supplication, /., supplication, en-

treaty.

supposer, to suppose, suggest.

suprême, suprême, sur, on, upon, over, near, about,

out of .

sûr, -e, sure, certain; à coup — ,

certainly.

surgir, to rise, spring up.

surprendre, to surprise, ove^•

hear.

surprise, /., surprise, sursaut, m., start; en — , with a

start.

surtout, above ail, especially.

surveillance,/., superintendence,

watch.

surveiller, to watch, look after.

survivant, m., survivor.

survivre, to survive, outlive. suspect, -e, suspicions, sus-

pected.

suspendre, to suspend, hang.

Suzette, pet-name for Suzanne,

Susanna.

svelte, slender, slim.

Sjrmpathie, /., sympathy.

syndicat, m., syndicate, trades-

union.

systématiquement, systematic-

aUy.

VOCABULAKY

t', see te.

ta, see ton.

tabac, m., tobacco. (c not pro-

nounced.) table, /., table, tableau, m., picture, board.

tablier, m., apron.

tâche, /., task, work; prendre à

— de, to strive to, be careful

to.

tâcher, to try.

taille,/., eut, figure, size, stature.

tailler, to eut, eut out, lop. taire (se), be or beeome silent,

keep quiet, talent, m., talent.

talisman, m., talisman.

talon, m., heel.

Tamise, /., Thames.

tanière, /., den, lair.

tant, adv., so mueh, so many; —

que, conj., so long as.

tantôt, soon; — ... — , now . . .

now.

tapinois (en), on the sly.

tapis, m.j earpet, rug.

tard, late.

tarder, to be slow in, be long in; ; ne pas — à, soon . . .

tas, m., pile, heap, lot.

taupe, /., mole, taux, m.f rate.

tel, -le, as, such; un — , sueh a,

such and such a one, so and

so; — de, such and sueh, one

of.

télégramme) m., wire, telegram.

télégraphe, m., telegraph, wire.

téléphonique, téléphonie, témoignage, m., évidence, témoigner, to witness, show.

tempe, /., temple (of the head).

température, /., température.

temps, m.f time; à — , in time; de — en — , from time to time; du — où, when; de tout — , always. (Pronouneed as the adverb tant.)

ténacité, /., tenacity.

tendance, /., tendency, propensity.

tendre, to stretch, stretch out, extend.

tendresse, /., tendemess, fondness, affection.

tenir, to hold, keep, get, keep to, be contained in; se — , to remain, stand, be; savoir à quoi s'en — , to know what's up, know the proposition; il en tient . . ., there's room for; tenez!, see!, there!, now.

tennis, m., tennis.

tentative, /., attempt.

tenter, to tempt, attempt; — l'aventure, to try one^s luck; tentant, -e, tempting.

terme, m., term, expression.

terminer, to terminate, end, finish; se — , to end, etc.

terrain, m., soil, pièce of land, ground, court.

terrasse, /., terrace.

terre, /., earth, land, cultivated land, field; — à blé, wheatgrowing district; par — , on the groimd, gone.

terreur, /., terror.

terrible, terrible; l'Année — , the Terrible Year (1870, the year of the Franco-Prussian war, which brought endless ealamities on France),

VOCABtJLABY

terriblement, terribly.

terrier, m., hole, burrow.

territoire, m., territory.

tête, /., head, top, expression;

se mettre en — , dans la — ,

to make up one's mind, décide, teuton, -ne, Teutonic, German.

texte, m.j text.

théorie, /., theory, procession, théoriquement, theoretically.

tiers, m., third.

tirer, to draw, pull, take, extri-

cate, get out, shoot, fire; ce

qu'on te lui tirerait, how we

would pull (famUiar).

tisserand, m., weaver.

tissu, m., tissue, material.

titre, m., title, claîm, right; à

juste — , rightfuUy.

toi, disj. and conj. pr. (famUiar),

you, to you.

toile, /., cloth, linen, cobweb.

toilette, /., toilet, dress, dressing.

toit, m., roof.

Tokio, capital of Japan.

tôle, /., sheet-iron.

tolérer, to tolerate.

tomber, to fall, fall down, drop;

la nuit tombante, nightfall,

dusk.

Tommy (pi. Tommies), m.,

Tommy, British soldier.

tonne, /., ton (2,000 French

pounds).

torchis, m., loam, mud, dried

mud.

tordre, to twist, wring.

torpeur, /., torpor, numbness,

complète inactivity.

tort, m.j wrong, hann; avoir — ,

to be wrong.

torturer, to torture, tonnent.

tôt, soon, early; — ou tard, sooner or later.

totalement, wholly, totally.

toucher, to touch, touch on, relate to; touchant, -e, touching, moving.

toujours, always, ever, still.

Toulouse, imiversity town of South France.

tour, m., turp, trick, trip; à son — , in his tum; — de force, extraordinary feat, uncommon achievement; jouer un — , to play a trick.

Tourcoing, industrial town of northem France.

tournée, /., tum, tour, trip, round.

tourner, to tum, tum round, tum out, wind, twist.

Toumy (Allées de), name of a square in Bordeaux.

tous, see tout.

tout, -e (tous, toutes, pi), adj., adv. and a., ail, every, everything, every one, quite, very, just, any, everywhere; en — cas, in any case, at ail events;

— à fait, wholly, entirely, altogether, whole-heartedly; pas du — , not at ail; plus du — , no longer, no more, not a bit;

— comme, nearly the same, about the same; — ... que, however . . .; tous les jours, every day.

trace, /., trace, mark, traduire, to translate, tragique, tragic.

trahir, to betray.

train, m., pace, rate, train; en — de, in the act of .

VOCABtJLARY

traîner, to drag, draw; — la patte, limp, be tired out; se — y to drag oneself along.

trait, m., trait, feature, act.

traite, /., distance; tout d'une — , without intermission, at a stretch.

traiter, to treat, treat of .

trajet, m., joumey, trip, distance.

tramway, m., tramway, streetcar.

tranchée, /., trench.

tranquille, tranquil, quiet.

tranquilliser, to tranquiUze, quiet, make easy.

transatlantique, adj, and s,,

transatlantic, steamer pl3âng

' between Europe and America.

transformer, to transform.

transmettre, to transmit; se — , to be transmitted, transferred.

transport, m., transportation.

transporter, to transport, convey, carry.

trapu, -e, thick.

travail, m., work, labori

travailleur, -euse, adj, and s.,' workman, working, industrious.

travailler, to work.

travers, m., breadth, width; ridicule, fault, hobby; au — de, through.

traverser, to cross, pass through.

trentaine, /., about thirty.

trente, card., thirty.

trente-six, card., thirty-six.

très, very, very much,

tricolore, adj, and m., tricolored, tricolor (the national flag of France, blue, white and red).

tricoter, to knit.

trimballer, to move ail the time, keep on the go, send from one place to another (familiar).

triomphal, -e, triumphal.

triomphateur, m., triumpher, victorious gênerai.

triomphe, m., triumph.

tripler, to triple.

triste, sad, gloomy, dismal.

tristement, sadly.

tristesse, /., sachiess.

trois, card.f three; à elles — , between the three of them.

troisième, ord., third.

tromper, to deceive; se — , to be mistaken, make a mistake.

trottoir, m., sidewalk.

trou, m., hole.

troubler, to trouble, disturb, excite.

troupe, /., troop, crowd.

troupier, m., trooper, soldier.

trousses, /. pi., breeches; aux — de, at one's heels.

trouver, to find, consider, discover; se — , to find oneself, chance to be, be.

truelle, /., trowel.

tsariste, m. and adj., tsarist, of the Tsar (name of the former emperors of Russia).

tu, conj. pr. (famUiar), you.

tuer, to kill.

tuerie, /., killing, massacre.

turban, m., turban; noimou à — , turbaned nurse (it is the f ashion in France for wet nurses to wear on their heads large colored bows somewhat similar to turbans).

VOCABULARY

tuyau, m., pipe, flue.

type, m., type, chap.

tyran, m., tyrant.

ukrainien, -ne, adj.j Ukranian.

un, une, card. and indef. art.,

one, a, an; les uns les autres,

one another; Pun, one.

uniforme, m., uniform.

unique, unique, only.

uniquement, only.

unir, to unité; s* — , to unité, universel, -le, universal.

universitaire, of a university,

pertaining to the university.

université, /., university.

usage, m., usage, use, custom; à

V — de, for the use, meant for.

user, to use up, wear out, use;

usé, -e, wom out.

usine, /., factory.

utile, useful.

utilisable, serviceable, utilizable.

va, see aller.

vacance, /., vacancy, holiday.

vacant, -e, vacant, empty, free.

vache, /., cow.

vais, see aller.

vaillant, -e, valiant, strong, brave.

vain, -e, vain, empty, useless.

vaincre, to conquer, vanquish, overcome.

vainqueur, m., victorious, conqueror, winning party.

vaisseau, m., vessel, ship; lieutenant de — , commander (rank in the navy).

Valenciennes, industrial town

in the North of France, valeur, /., value, valide, able-bodied, healthy.

vallée, /., Valley.

valoir, to be worth; — la peine,

to be worth while; faire — , to

bring forward; il vaut mieux,

it is botter, vanter, to extol; se — , to boast,

brag.

vapeiu:, /., steam, mist; m.,

steamer.

vase, m.f vase.

vaste, vast, immense, huge.

Vathiménil, Lorrain village.

veaU; m., calf, veal.

vêge.ter, to vegetate.

veille, /., the day before, eve;

être à la — de, to be about to.

veine, /., vein, good luck.

vendange, /., vintage; de belles

— s, an abimdant grape-crop.

vendeur, m., vendor, seller, vendre, to sell; se — , to cost, be

sold.

vengeance, /., vengeance, revenge, venger, to avenge; se — , to take

revenge, vengeur, m. and aâj.j avenging,

revengefiil.

venir, to come; — de, to come

from, hâve just; faire — , to

grow, order, get.

vent, m., wind; avoir — de, to

get wind of ; le nez au — , nose

in the wind, agape, looking at

the sky.

ver, m,, worm.

Verdun, French fortress which

resisted the formidable at-

VOCABULARY

tacks of the Germans in 1916

and throughout the Great

War.

véridique, true, genuine.

véritable, véritable, true, real.

véritablement, really, truthfuUy.

vérité, /., truth; en — , indeed.

verre, m., glass.

vers, m., verse.

vers, toward.

Versailles, town of great his-

toncal interest near Paris, versant, m., slope, side; Les

Deux Versants, The Great

Divide, title of a play by W.