acte, n. m. [L. actus], act, deed
acteur, n. m. [L. actorem], actor, player.
action, n. f. [L. actionem], action, act, agency, deed, feat.
actuellement, adv. [actuel, L. actualis], now, at this very time. See note, 16, 2.
adhérent, e, adj. \h. adhœrentem], adhèrent, adhering, sticking to, attached to.
adieu, n. m. [à-\-dieu], adieu, farewell, good-bye ; plu. adieux.
admirable, adj. [L. admirabilis], admirable.
admirablement, adv. [admù'able], admirably.
admiration, n. f. [L. admirationem], admiration, wonder.
admirer, v. tr. [L. admirari], to admire, wonder at.
adopter, v. tr. [L. adoptare], to adopt, espouse.
adorer, v. tr. [L. adorare], to adore, worship, love passionately.
adosser, v. tr. [à-f dos], to set one’s back against ; adossé, leaning against.
adoucir, v. tr. [à-{-doux\, to soften, mitigate, sweeten, mollify, compose, calm, soothe, smooth, allay, relieve, pacify.
adoucissement, n. m. [adoucir], softening, assuaging ; mitigation, . alleviation, relief.
adresse, n. f. [adresser], speech, direction, address, skill, expertness, shrewdness.
adresser, v. tr. [à-]-dressor],todirect; s'adresser, to apply.
adroit, e, adj. [droit], dexterous, adroit, ingénions, artful, clever, cunning.
adroitement, adv. [adroit], adroitly, artfully, cleverly.
affaiblir, v. tr. [faible], to weaken, [ droop, grow weak.
affaire, n. f. [à-\-faire], business, !
occupation, matter, concern, afifair, thing ; tirer d'affaire, to extricate.
affaisser, v, tr. [à faix, burden, L. fascis], to press down, bear down ; s'affaisser, to sink, give way (with too much weight).
affecter, v. tr. [L. affectaré], to affect, prefer ; prétend, profess.
affection, n. f. [L. affectionem,] affection.
afiarmer, vr. tr. [L. afirmare], to affirm, assert, avouch, assure ; s'affirmer, to reveal one’s self.
affliction, n f. [affliger— L. affiigere], affliction, grief, trouble, anguish, sorrow, tribulation, trial, vexation.
afin, conj. [à-j-^n], to, in order to ; that, so that.
Ag”amemnon. Agamemnon. See note, 84, 30.
âge, n. m. [L.* œtaticum, L. œtas], âge.
agenouiller(s’)j v. ref. [L. adgeniculari—genuculum, dim. of genu, ‘knee,’] to kneel.
agent, n. m. [L. agentem] agent ; agent de police, policeman.
agilité, n. f. [agile— Ij. agilis], agility, liveliness, quickness, nimbleness.
agir, V. intr. [L. agere], to act, do, Work, operate ; s'agir, to be at stake— concerned — in dispute — under discussion.
agitation, n. f. [L. agitationem], agitation, trouble, émotion, uneasiness, nervousness.
agiter, v. tr. [L. agitaré], to agitate, excite, shake, ring ; s'agiter, to agitate one’s self, move about.
agréable, adj. [à-\-gré-\-able], agreeable, désirable, pleasant, comfortable.
agréablement adv. [agréable], agreeably, pleasantly, comfortably.
agréer, v. tr. [àfgré], to receive favorably, accept.
agrément, n. m. [agréer, à+gré], consent, approbation, liking, agreeableness, charm, amusement. See note, 45, 17.
agrémenter, v. tr. [agrément] to adorn, embellish, ornament.
ah, interj., ah ! ha ! oh !
aider, v. tr. [L. adjutare], to aid, help, assist.
aïeul, n. m. [L. aviolus], grandsire, grandfather, pl. aïeuls ; ancestor, pl.
' aïeux: fem. aïeule.
aiguille, n. f. [L.* acucia, L. acws], ! needle, hand (of a dock).
VOCABULARY
aiguiser, v. tr. \aiqu, L. acutus\ to whet, sharpen, put an edge on.
aile, n. f. [L. ala], wing.
aille, from aller, subj. près, ailleurs, adv. [L. aliorsuml, elsewhere, somewbere else ; d’ailleurs, besides, in other respects, from another cause or reason.
aimable, adj. [L. amahilisl, amiable, loveable, good natured.
aimanter, v, tr. [aimant, a magnet — L. adamentum], to magnetize.
aimer, v. tr. [L. amare], to love, be fond of, like, fancy.
ainsi, adv. [L. in+sic], thus, so, in this or that manner ; pour ainsi dire, so to speak.
air, n. m.[L. aër], air, atmosphère, look, appearance, countenance, manner ; avoir l’air, to look, seem, appear.
aisance, n. f. [aise], ease, freedom, easiness.
aise, n. f. [L.* asa, L. ansa], gladness, joy, content, jo^’fulness ; tout à l’aise, without any difficulty, quite easily or freely.
aisé, e, adj. [aise], easy, convenient, conamodious.
ajouter, v. tr. [L.* adjuxtare], to add, join, put to, subjoin.
ajustement, n. m [ajuster, a doublet of ajouter], adjusting, fitting, regulating, settlement, réconciliation.
alarmer, v. tr. [alamne -lt. all’arme,
‘ to arms’], to alai’m, startle.
albâtre, n. m. [L. alabastrum], alabaster.
Albert. See note, page 142.
alerte, n. f. [O. F. à Verte — It. all’erta,
‘ on the M'atch ’], an alarm, warning ; and adj., alert, vigilant, watchful, active, brisk, lively, stirring, quick, sprightly, agile.
aliment, n. m. [L. alimentum], food, aliment, nourishment, méat, nutriment, nutrition, fuel, allowance.
allant, from aller, adj., going; n.m., goer ; allants et venants, corners and goers. See note, 59, 9.
*aller, v. intr. irreg. 1, [L. adnare .?], to go ; s’en aller, to go away, go ofif. allez, from aller.
allons, from aller ; allons donc ! noneense !
allonger, v. tr. [lonç]], to lengthen, elongate, stretch out, protract, extend, protrude.
alors, adv. [L. ad+illa+hora], then, at that time.
Alpes, n. f. plu. [L. alpes], Alps.
altercation, n. f. [L. altercationem], altercation, dispute, wrangle, misunderstanding.
altérer, v. tr. [L.* alterare, L. aller], to alter, change, impair, misstate, debase, garble, distort.
alvéole, n. m. [L. alveolus], cell (of a honey-comb), cavity, réceptacle.
amaigri, e, adj, [p. p. of amaigrir— maigrir], lean, thin, haggard, emaciated.
amant, n. m. [L. amantem], a lover, wooer, suitor, gallant.
amateur, n. m. [L. amatorem], a lover, admirer, amateur, virtuoso.
ambassadeur, n. m. [L.* ambactia, der?], ambassador, (fem. aînbassadrice).
ambitieux, euse, adj. [L. ambitiosus], ambitious.
ambition, n. f. [L. ambitionem], ambition.
âme, n. f. [L. anima], soûl, mind, conscience, spirit. See note, 49, 4.
amener, v. tr. [à+mener], to bring in — about — around— over— on ; to lead, fetch, take.
ami, e, n. [L. amicus], friend ; and adj., friendly.
amicalement, adv. [amical, L.* amicalis], amicably, kindly, in a friendly manner.
amidon, n. m. [L. amylum], starch.
amitié, n. f. [L.* amicitatem], friendship.
amonceler, v. tr. [monceau] to heap up, lay in a heap, fill up, gather, accumulate.
amour, n. m. [L. amorem], love, lovingness.
amoureux, se, adj. [L. amorosus], in love, enamoured, loving, amorous ; and n. , a lover.
amour-propre, n. m., self -love.
ampleur, n. f. [ample— h. amplus], size, largeness, extent, wideness, amplitude.
amuser, v. tr. [à-\-muser—0. F. muse snout], to amuse ; s’amuser, toheainused’ hâve a good time.
an, n. m. (L. annus), year.
anachorète, n. m. [L. anachoreta— Gr. âvaxoipriTY)^], hermit, anchoret: (ch=k).
analyser, v. tr. [analyse— Gr. àvd\v cris], to analyse.
VOCABULAUY.
anatomie, n. f. [L. anatomia—Gr.
avaTonrj], anatomy ; anatomie comparée, comparative anatomy.
ancêtres, n. m. plu. [L. antecessor], ancestors, forefathers, (not used in sing.)
ancien, ne, adj. [L.* antianus, L.
ante], ancient, old ; former.
anciennement, adv. [ancien], of old, formerly, originally.
anéantir, v. tr. \néant], to annihilate, destroy,
anémone, n. f. [L. anemone, Gr.
àv€fx(âvt) — ‘ wind-flower ’], anemone.
ange, n. m. [L. angélus], angel, spirit.
anglais, e, adj. [L. angli], English ; un Anglais, an Englishman.
angle, n. m. [L. angulus], angle, corner, turning.
angoisse, n. f. [L. angustia], anguish, pain, sorrow, pangs, affliction, ti'ibulation, great distress.
animal, n. m. [L. animal], animal, beast, brute; adj., animal; pl. animaux.
animer, v. tr. [L. animare], to anima te, put life into, quicken, hearten, stir up, rouse, provoke, excite, exasperate.
annoncer, v, tr. [L. annuntiaré], to announce, tell, déclaré, inform, proclaim, advertise, usher in, publish, give out.
antérieur, e, adj. [L. anterior], anterior, going before, antécédent, prier, former, front.
anticiper, v. tr. and intr. [L. anticipare], to anticipate, forestall, take up beforehand ; — sur, to encroach on. See note, 55, 1.
antipode, s. m. [L. antipodes], antipodes—used in either s. or p. in Fr., but in Eng. only in pl.
antique, adj. [L. antiquus], ancient, antique.
antiquité, n. f. [antique], antiquity.
antre, n. m. [L. antrum], cave, cavern, grotte, den.
anxiété, n. f. [L. anxietatum], anxiety, sorrow, anguish.
apaiser, v. tr. [à -f paix], to appease, soothe, pacify, calm, quiet, alleviate, assuage, quench, allay, mitigate.
A-pelles. See note, 73, 27.
apercevoir, v. tr. [à + percevoir, L. perdpere], perceive, discover, discern, notice, remark, observe ; s' apercevoir de, to perceive, notice. See note, 49, 8.
aplomb, n. m, fa Wall is built à plomb when shown by the lead (Fr. plomb) or
plummet to be perpendicular], balance, equilibrium, self-command, nerve.
apostrophe, n. f. [Gr. àno<xTpo<t>ri], apostrophe.
apparence, n. f. [apparent], appearance, outward show, seeming, semblance, likelihood, probability.
apparemment, adv. [apparent], apparently, obviously, manifestly, evidèntly.
apparent, e, adj. [L. apparentem], apparent, obvions, manifest, évident.
appartement, n. m [L. appartimentum], apartment, room, lodgings.
appartenir, v. intr. irreg. il, [L. ad -j- pertinere], to belong, appertain, relate, concern.
appeler, v. tr. [L. appellare] to call, name, appeal, term, summon, invite, invoke ; s’appeler, to be called.
appétit, n. m. [L. appetitus], appetite.
application, n. f. [appliquer], application ; employment (of money, etc.), attention, diligence.
appliquer, v. tr. [L. applicare], to apply, award, put, adopt, appropriate.
apporter, v. tr. [L. apportare], to bring, pi-ocure, produce.
apprendre, V. tr. irreg. 53, [L. apprendere], to learn, be informed of, teach, tell, inform.
apprêt, n. m. [apprêter— L. ad -jpretus], préparation.
apprit, from apprendre ; prêt, def., 3rd sing,
approbation, n. f. [L. approbatio7iem], approbation, approval, consent.
approcher, v. tr. and intr. [L.* appropiare], to bring near, put near, draw near, corne near, ai)proach ; s’ approcher de, to corne near, draw near, approach.
appui, n. m. [appuyer], support, prop, stay, help, buttress ; point d’appui, point of support, means of support, fulcrum.
appuyer, v. tr and intr. [L. nd-jpodium], to support, prop, bear, sustain, lean on ; to rest, lean on, dwell upon, insist, urge ; s’appuyer ,to lean, support one’s self.
après, prep. [à-fprès], after, next to, behind, d’après, after, by, from., après-midi, n. m., or often n. f.
[aprés-\-midi—lj. medius-\-dies], afternoon.
arbre, n. m. [L. ar&orem], tree.
Arcadie. Arcadia. See note, 85, 9.
architecture, n. f. [architecte— h.
ürchiteclus], architecture: {cJi — sh).
argent, n. m. [L. argentum], silver, monej'^, coin, cash.
Argonautes. Argonauts. See note, 84, 17.
argument, n. m. [L. argummtum\, argument.
argenterie, n. f. [argent], silverplate, plate, silver-ware.
Ariane. Ariadne. See note, 85, 11.
arme, n. f. [L. arma], arm, weapon.
See note, 19, 26.
armée, n. f. [armer], army, forces, troops.
armer, v. tr. [arme], to arm, rouse, excite.
armoire, n. f. [L. armarium], closet, cupboard, press.
arracher, v. tr. [L. eradicare], to snatch, pull, drag, draw, force, extract, wrest, wring, tear.
arrangement, n. m. [arranger], arranging, disposing, setting in order, proper arrangement or disposition.
arranger, v. tr. [à-\-rang], to set in order, arrange, do up, rank, accommodate, conciliate, settle.
arrêter, v. tr. [L. ad-\-restare], to arrest, stop, conclude, settle, make fast, keep back.
arrière, n. m. and adv. [L. ad-\-retro], rthe rear ; behind ; en arrière, back.
*arriver, v. inti*. [L. ad-}-npam], to arrive, reach, corne, happen.
arrondir, v. tr. [rond], to round, curve round.
arrivée, n. f. [arriver], arrivai.
arroser, v. tr. (L. adroraré], to water, sprinkle, wet, soak.
art, n. m. [L. artem], art.
article, n. m. [L. articulum], article, matter, thing, subject, point, head. See note, 44, 8.
artisan, n. m. [It. artigiano], artisan, mechanic, operator, craftsman.
artiste, n. m. [It. artista—L. artem], artist, player, performer.
ascension, n. f. [L. ascensionem], ascent, ascension, rising, mounting.
Asie, n. f. [L. Asta], Asia.
aspect, n. m. [L. aspectîis], aspect, sight, look, countenance, phase, point of view (pronounce a-spè).
aspirer, v. tr. and intr. [L. aspirarë], to inspire, inhale, draw in, suck.
Assas. See note, 64, 4.
let
assaillir, v. tr. irreg. 6, [L. assalire],to assault, assail, attaek, surprise.
assassin, n. m. [Arab. hasMsh, an intoxicating drink], assassin, murdering ; à V assassin ! murder !
assassinat, n. m. [assassin], assassination, homicide, murder.
assemblage, n. m. [assemhler—L.
adsimulare], assemblage, collection, union.
assemblée, n. f. [assembler], assembly, meeting, company, party, convocation.
asseoir, v. tr. irreg. 22, [L. assidere], to seat, set, lay, fix ; s’asseoir, to sit down.
assez, adv. [L. ad-j-satis) enough, sufficientlj'^, rather, considerably.
assiéger, v. tr. [L.^ assediare], to besiege, lay siégé to, surround, invest.
assiette, n. f. [L. ad-{-secare], plate, State, disposition. See note, 86, 27.
assis, from asseoir ; past part., and prêt, def., Ist sing.
assister, v. tr. and intr. [L. assistere], to assist, help, succor, aid, support ; to be at, be présent at, attend, stand by, look on, wicness.
assoupir, v. tr. [L. assopire], to make drowsy — heavy — dull, assuage, deaden, lull, suppress, hush up ; s’assoupir, fall into a doze.
assurément, adv. [assuré— assurer], assuredly, surely, certainly, doubtless, to be sure.
assurer, v. tr. [à-\-sûr], to assure, assert, affirm, promise, guarantee ; s’assurer, to make sure, ascertain; assuré, sure, certain.
Athalie. Athaliah. See note, 78, 13.
astronome, n. m. [L. astronomus], astronome r.
Athénien, ne, adj. and noun, [Gr. AOgpr)], Athenian.
atome, n. m. [Gr. àro/aoç], atom, mite, corpuscle.
Atrée. In pl., Atrides, descendents of Atreus. See note, 84, 31.
atroce, adj. [L. atrocem], atrocious, grievous, cruel.
attacher, v. tr. [à-fBret. tach, a nail], to fasten, make fast, attach, fix, tie, join, connect ; s’attacher, to set one’s heart on, be bent on. See note, 76, 6.
atteindre, v. tr. and intr. irreg. 40, [L. attingere], to touch, strike, hit, reach, arrive, corne to, overtake, catch, attain.
atteinte, n. f. [atteindre], blow, stroke, touch, attaek, damage.
VOCABULARY
attenant, e, adj. [L. attinente-m], next, contiguous, adjoiniiig.
attendre, v. tr. [L. attendere], to wait for, stay for, look forward to, expect, await, attend ; s'attendre (à), to expect.
attendri, e, adj. [past part, of attendrir], moved, affected, touched.
attendrir, v. tr. [tendre], to touch, move, affect, inake tender.
attendrissant, e, adj. [attendrir], touching, pathetic.
attendrissement, n. m. [attendrir], compassion, feeling, émotion, tenderness.
attentif, ive, adj. [L. attentivus], attentive, heedful, mindful, careful, diligent, studious.
attention, n. f. [L. attentionem], attention, attentiveness, care, vigilance, regard, heed.
attentivement, adv. [attentif], attentively, carefully.
attester, v. tr. [L. attestari], to attest, certify, avouch, witness, testify, call to witness, invoke.
attirail, n. m. [attirer], apparatus, implemenls, utensils, gear, tire, furniture, equipment, paraphernalia, baggage, tackle, train ; pl. in s.
attirant, e, adj. [attirer], attractive, alluring, eiiticing.
attirer, v. tr. [à-\-tirer], to attract, draw, incite, win over, entice.
attitude, n. f. [It. attitudire — L* aplitudinem], attitude, posture.
attrayant, e, adj. [attraire—h. attrahere], attractive, inviting, winning, engaging, charming.
attribuer, v. tr. [L. attribuerez, to attach, annex, attribute, ascribe, impute, assign.
attrister, v. tr. [L. ad-\-tristis], to grieve, make sad, afflict, trouble, cast down.
au, aux, à-^rles.
aube, n. f. [L. alha], dawn.
aucun, e, adj. and pro. [L. aliquis-\unus], any, none, no one, not any, no.
audace, n. f. [L. audaciaX audacity, insolence, assurance, daring, boldness.
augmenter, v. tr. [L. aicgmentare], to augment, increase, enlarge, add to, raise.
auguste, adj. [L. auqustus], august, sacred, vénérable.
aujourd’hui, adv. [au-[-jour-\-de-\-hui (L. hodie)\, to-day, this day, now-a-days, now, at présent.
aumône, n. f. [L. eleemosyna], alms, alms-giving, charity.
auparavant, adv. [axc-]-par-^avant], before, first, heretofoi’e, ere now.
auprès (de), prep. [prè.s], near, by, close to, with, to. See note, 44, 10.
aurai, from avoir ; fut. ind., Ist sing.
aurore, n. f. [L. aurora], dawn, morning, east.
aussi, adv. and conj. [L. aliud-Z^sic], too, also, besides, likewise, therefore, so, moreover, accordingly, and so, as much, as ; therefore, but then ; aussi bon que, as good as.
aussitôt, adv. [aussi-\-tôV:, immediately, directly, forthwith.
autant, adv. [[L. aliud-\-tantum], as much, as many, so much, so many, as far, as well.
autel, n. m. [O. F. altel~L. altare], altar.
auteur, n. m. [L. axdoreyn], author, maker, contriver, writer.
authenticité, n. f. [authentique — L.
authenticus], authenticity, genuineness.
autour (de), prep. [ati + tour], about, round, around ; toiU autour de, ail around.
autre, adj. and pro. [L. alter], other, another, else, different ; autre chose, m. something else ; tout autre chose, anything else at ail.
autrefois, adv. [autre-\-fois], formerly, of former times, of old.
autrement, adv. [autre], otherwise, another way, else, or else. See note, 6, 6.
auvent, n. m. [L. ante-\-ventus], shed, penthouse, verandah.
Auvergne, Auvergne. See note, 68, 4.
auxquels, à-\-lesquels.
avait, from avoir; ind. imp., 3rd sing.
avancer, v. tr. and intr. [avant], to advance, bring, put fonvard, hold out, forward, promote, get on, proceed ; s'avancer, to advance.
avance, n. f. [avant], advance; d'avance, in advance, beforehand.
avant, adv. and prep. [L. db-\-ante], far, deep, forward, before ; en avant, ahead, in front ; plus avant, further. See note, 56, 3.
avantage, n. m. [aya/if], advantage, vantage ground, benefit. interest.
avare, adj. and n. [L. avariis], avancions, miserly, stingy, penurious, niggard.
VOCABULARY
avec, prep. [L. apud-\-hoc\, Vf lih.', avec cela, see note, 6, 4.
avenant, e, adj. [avenir'], attractive, prepossessing, good-looking.
avenir, n. m, [L. advenive], future, aventure, n. f. [L. avenir], adventure.
avertir, v. tr. [L. advertere], to warn, caution, inform of, acquaint with, give notice of, adinonish.
aveugle, adj. [L. ab-\-oculus], blind, sightless, deluded, implicit.
aveugler, v. tr. [aveugle], to blind. aveuglette (à 1’), adv. phrase [aveugle], groping, blindly. See- note, 1, 19.
avidement, adv. [avide— L. avidus], greedily, eagerly, ferociously, covetously.
avis, n. m. [à-fO. F. vis-L. visum], opinion, mind, sentiment, judgment, advice, counsel, deliberation.
aviser, v. tr. and intr. [avis], to apprise, perceive ; consider, think over ; s’aviser, to fancy, take a notion, take it into one’s head.
avoir, v. tr. and intr. [L. habere], to hâve, get, be, be the matter with.
avouer, v. tr. [à-\- vouer — L. votaré], to avow, confess, own, acknowledge, grant, allow, approve.
ayant, from avoir, près. part, azur, n. m. [L.* lazur—Vex». Idzur], sky-blue, azuré.
baguette, n. f. [It. bachetta — L.
baculum], switch, rod, ram-rod, stick, wand.
bailler, v. intr. [L.* badaculare], to yawn, gape, open.
baïonnette, see bayonnette.
baiser, v. tr. [L. basiare], to kiss.
baisser, v. tr. and intr. [&u.s-], to stoop, bow down, be lowered ; lower, let down, ebb, warie, droop, fail.
bal, n, m. [O. F. baller — L. ballare], bail, plu. bals.
balance, n. f. [L. bilancem], balance, scales.
balancer, v. tr. and intr. [balance], to balance, swing, wave, float, weigh, counter-balance, rock.
balbutier, v. intr, [L. balbutiré], to lisp, stammer.
balle, n. f. [O. H. G. pallà], bail, bullet, shot, baie, pack.
bandelette, n. f. (bandel -bande— O. H. G. band], little band, string, fillet Banks. See note, 86, 20.
banquier, n. m [banque — It. banco], banker.
barbare, adj. and noun [L. barbarus], savage, merciless, rude ; barbarian.
barbe, n. f. [L. barba], beard, whiskers.
barque, n. f. [L. barca], bark, boat, craft, barge.
barreau, n. m. [barre — L.* barra— Celt. bar], bar.
barrière, n. f. [barre], rail, bar, barrier, stile, starting-post.
bas, basse, adj. [L.* &ass«s], not high, low, lower, shallow, vile, mean, despicable, abject, inferior.
bas, n. m. [bas], lower part, bottom, foot ; stocking.
bas, adv. [6as], down, low.
basque, n. f. [der. ?], skirt, flap, tail (of a garinent.)
baste, n. f. [O. H. G. bast], pleat. See note, 82, 17.
bateau, n. m. [L.* batus], boat.
bâtir, v. tr. [O. H. G. bestan], to build. bâton, n. m. [Norman vaton, same radical as bâtir], staff, stick.
battant, n. m. [battre], clapper, tongue (of a bell) ; leaf of a f olding door.
battement, n. m. [battre], clapping, stamping, flapping, beating, throbbing.
battre, v. tr. [L.* batere — L. baiuere], to beat, strike, bang, thi’ash, whip ; se battre, to fight.
baume, n. m. [L. balasmum], balm, balsam.
bayonnette, now baïonnette, n. f.
[Baj^onne, where first made], bayonet.
béant, e, adj. [près. part, of bayer or béer—L, badare], gaping, wide open.
beau, bel, belle, adj. [L. bellus], beautiful, fine, lovely, handsome, fair.
See note, 1, 14.
beaucoup (de), adv. [beau -j- coup], much, many, a great deal, deeply, far.
beauté, n. f. [L.* beiutatem], beauty, fairness, comeliness, prettiness, loveliness, elegance, neatness.
bel, adj. mas. Used before nouns of masc. gender beginning with a vowel or h mute. See beau.
belle, see beau ; s. f., a beauty.
bénir, v. tr. [L. benedicere), to bless, praise, wish well, hallow, consecrate.
VOCABÜLABŸ.
bénitier, n. m. [bénir], holy-water basin, font.
berceau, n. m. [bercer, to rock— der.î], cradle, archwaj% vault.
berline, n. f. [Berlin, where first tnade, or It. berlina, a stage or pillory], berlin (a foiir-wheeled carriage).
berger, n. m. [L.* bervecarius—L.
vCrvCx], Shepherd, swain.
bergère, n. f. [fem. of berger], shepherdess, lass.
bergerie, n. f. [berger], sheep-fold.
berlue, n. f. [L. bis~lucere], dimness of sight, dazzling.
besoin, n. m. [soin], need, want, occasion, necessity, requi rement ; au besoin, in a pinch, in case of need.
bête, n. f. [L. bestia], beast, brute, dumb créature, fool, blockhead, senses, material, desires. See note, 49, 4.
bibliothèque, n. f. [Gr. ^l/3Ato0^'KT)], library, book-case, shelves of books.
bien, adv. [L. bene], well, hard, loud, strong ; right, properlj^ ; comfortable, well off ; certainly, indeed, quite, full, fully, completely, very, far, very much ; ou bien, or else ; and n. m. plu., wealfeh. ' bien-être, n. m. [bien + être], wellbeing, comfortableness, comfort. .
bienfaisance, n. f. [bienfaisant], beneficence, bounty, munificence.
bienfaisant, e, adj. [hien-\- faisant], beneficent, kind, bountiful, munificent, gracions.
bienfait, n. m. [bien-{-fait], good turn, office, kindness, favour, courtes}", pleasure, benefit.
bienséance, n. f. [bienséant — seoir], decency, décorum, seemliness, regard, conveniency, manners.
bientôt, adv, [bien tôt], soon, ere long, shortly,
bienveillance, n. f . [bien -f- vouloir], benevolence, good-will, protection, favor, kindness, friendliness.
bijou, n, m. [L. bis+jocare], jewel, trinket ; plu. in x.
bizarre, adj. [Sp. bizarro], odd, fantastic, singular, strange, whimsical.
bizarrerie, n. f. [bizarre], caprice, extravagance, whim, singularity, oddness.
blâmer, v. tr. [L. blasphemare], to blâme, censure, disapprove of, find fault with.
blanc, blanche, adj. [O. H. G. Wanc/i], white, clean.
Blanc, n. m. [blanc], mountain in Switzerland— the highest in Euroi)e.
blanchir, v. tr. [blanc], to blanch, to whiten, white wash, wash.
blessure, n. f. [blesser, O. H. G. bletzen], wound, ojiit, hurt, bleu, e, adj. [O.H.G. blao], bine, bleuâtre, adj. [bleu], bluish, somewhat blue, light blue.
blond, e, adj, [der. ?], flaxen, fair, light, blondi
bocage, n. m. [L. boscaticum], grove, coppice, copse,
bœuf, n. m. [L bovem], ox, bull, beef ; / silent in pl.
bohémien, ne, adj. and noun [Bohême, Bohemia], gipsy.
boire, v. tr. irr. 35, [L. bibere], to drink, imbibe, absorb, blot.
bois, n. m. [L.* boscum]^ wood, forest, timber, woods.
bombe, n. f. [L. bombus—Gv. l3é;aj8oç, a humming noise], bomb-shell.
bon, bonne, adj. [L. bonus], good, kind, favorable, £Îdvanta.geous, profitable, good-natured.
bond, n. m. [bondir], bound, skip, gambol, caper ; d'un bond, at a bound.
bondir, v. intr. [L.* bombitare], to bounce, bound, rebound, caper, skip, frisk.
bonlmur, n. m. [L. bonum-\-augurmm], Kappiness, prosperity, felicity, good fortune, wtlfare, bliss, good luck.
bonnement, adv. [bon], plainly, simply, foolishl}',
bonnet, n. m. [L* bonneta—llmà..!], cap.
bonté, n. f. [L. bonitatem], kindness, goodness, excellence, favor.
bord, n. m. [Neth. 6o7'd], edge, border, bank, shore, strand, side, margin, brink, brim, rim, skirt.
borne, n. f. [L.* bodina — Bret. bôden], land-mark, boundary, limit, confines, bounds.
bosquet, n. m. [dim. of L. ioscm], grove, thicket.
botaniste, n. m. [botanique— Gr.
PoraviKYi], botanist.
bouche, n. f. [L. bucea], mouth.
boucle, n. f. [L.* bucula—L. bticca], buckle, ring, curl, ringlet, lock.
boudoir, n. m. [bouder, to pout— Celt.?] boudoir, lady’s private rooin.
bouderie, n. f. [bouder], pouting.
bouffon, n. m. [It. bufone], buffoon, j ester.
VOCABULARY
bouffon, onne, adj. [houffon\ merry, facetious, jocose, farcical, comical, ôomic ; l'opéra bouffoîi (more usually l’opéra bouffé), the comic opéra, or Italian opéra.
bouger, v. intr. [L* bullicaré], to stir, budge, wag.
bouillie, n, f. [bouillvr—li. bulUre], pap, pulp.
boulanger, n, m. [der. ?], baker.
bouleverser, v. tr. [boule— L. huila -\-verser, to turn like a bail], to overthrow, throw down, subvert, agitate, trouble, throw into commotion, upset, unsettle.
bouquet, n. m. [O. F. bousquet—h* boscum\, bunch, cluster, nosegay, bouquet.
bourbier, n. m. [bourbe— ?], mudpuddle, mire.
bourdonner, v. intr. [bourdon— "L* fcwî’dowew— probably of imitative origin], to buzz, hum, rattle, murmui\ bourgeois, e, adj. [bourg— h* burgus — M. H. G. bure], belonging to or becoming a citizen, citizen-like ; and noun, a citizen, burgher.
bourrasque, n. f. [It. burrasca\ squall.
bourrer, v. tr. [bourre, wad — L.* bxm’a, a heap of wool], to ram, thrash, abuse, cram, stuff, fill.
bourse, n. f. [Gr. /3up<ra], purse.
bout, n. m. [O. F. bouter, M. H. G.
bozen, to push], end, tip, last, bit ; venir à bout. See note, 13, 7.
bouteille, n. f. [L.* buticula], bottle.
boutique, n. f. [L. apotheca, Gr.
anoOrjKTq], shop.
braise, n. f. [O.H.G. bras], live (x>al, embers, burning coal.
branche, n. f. [Bret. branc, an arm], branch, bow, stick, arm.
branle, n. m. [branler, der. ?], shaking, tossing, push, swing, motion ; mettre en branle, to shake, agitate, set in motion, bras, n. m. [L. brachium], ar-m.
brave, adj. [It. bravo, der.?], brave, gallant, true, fine, spruce, honest, good, kind. See note, 5, 15.
bravement, adv. [brave], bravely, stoutly, sturdily, valiantly, manfully, skilfully.
braver, v. tr. [brave], to defy, set at défiance, (Jare, beard, face, brave.
bravo, interj. [It. bravo], bravo ! well done !
brebis, n. f. [L.* berbicem—Jj. vervecem], ewe, sheep.
breloque, n. f. [der. ?], bauble, gewgaw, toy, trinket.
brillant, e, adj. [briller], brilliant, shining, sparkling, bright, showy, , radiant.
briller, v. intr. [L. beryllus], to shine, glitter, sparkle, gleam, blaze, lighten, glare.
brique, n. f. [Eng. brick], brick, briser, v. tr. [O. H. G. bristan], to break to pièces, burst, smash, crush, shiver, shatter.
brodequin, n. m. [Flem. brosekin], buskin, sock, half-boot.
broderie, n. f. [broder— border — bord], embroidery, lace.
bronze, n. m. [It. bronzo], bronze.
brosse, n.f.[0. H. G. brustia, broom], brush.
brouiller, v. tr. [der.?], to throw into confusion, mix, stir up, jumble, embroil.
bruit, n. m. [bruire— ùev. ?], noise, bustle,.din, racket, Sound, clamor, report, rumor.
brûler, v. tr. and intr. [L.* perustulare], to burn, parch, scorch, blast.
brûlure, n. f. [brûler], burn, scald.
brun, e, adj. [O. H. G. brûn], brown.
brusque, adj. [It. brusco], blunt, abrupt, rough, sudden, sturdy.
brusquement, adv. [brusque], bluntly, bruskly , gruffly, roughly, abruptly.
brusquer, v. tr. [brusqué], to offend, be short or snappy with.
brutal, e, adj. [brut— h. brutus],
brutal, surly, churlish, bearish.
brutalement, adv. [brutal], brutally, brutishly, rudely, churlishly.
brutalité, n. f. [brutal], brutality, cruelty.
bruyant, e, adj. [bruire], noisy, blustering, clamorous, loud-mouthed.
bûche, n, f, [L.* busca], log.
bureau, n. m. [bure — L.* burra—Qv.
TTvppos], bureau, desk, office, buste, n. m. [It. busto], bust.
but, n. m. [ÔMter, a variant of bouter], mark, object, end, aim, purpose, design, view, goal.
butte, n. f. [O. P. bute, fem. form of but ; the old meaning is still seen in the expression être en butte à, which is équivalent to servir de but à], butt, knoll, mound. See note, 65, 20.
VOCABULARY
buvions, from hoire : imp. ind. and près, subj., Ist plu.
ça, pro. — contraction of cela ; ça et là, hither and thither.
cabane, n. f, [L.* capanna, from the Celtic], cot, but, cabin, shed, cottage, cabine, n. f. [Eng. cabin], cabin.
cabinet, n. m. [cabane], closet, study, cabinet.
cacalia, [Gr. KaxaXta], cacalia, (a genus of ornamental plants of the order composüæ).
Cachemire, n. m. [Cashmere, in India], Cashmere.
cacher, v. tr. [L. coactare, to press together], to hide, secrete, conceal.
cacheter, v.tr. [cachet-caeher], toseal.
cadeau, n. m, [O. F. cadel—L. catellus, dim. of catena, a chain], présent, gift. cadre, n. m. [It. quadro], frame.
café, n. m. [Turkish kaveh], coffee, coffee-house.
cafetière, n. f. [café], coffee-pot.
cahier, n. m. [L.* quaternum, a book of four leaves], copj' book, paper-book, note-book, sheet.
calamité, n. f. [L. calamitatem], calamity.
calcul, n. m. [L. calculus], calculation, ciphering, reckoning, counting.
calculer, v. intr. [calcul], to calculate, compute, estimate, reckon, calice, n. f. [L. calicem], chalice, calyx. calme, adj. [It. calma, L.* cauma, Gr. Kavfia, great beat], calm, still, quiet ; and n., quietness, calmness, stillness, tranquillity.
calmer, v. tr. [calme], to calm, make calm.
calomnier, v. tr. [calomnie— L. calumnia], to calumniate, slander.
camarade, n. m. [L. caméra], comrade, fellow, mate, companion.
campagne, n. f. [L. campania], country, fields, campaign ; à la campagne, in the country ; mettre en campagne, to set to work, send out ; battre la campagne, to scour the country, wander, ‘ hedge.’ See note, 53, 14.
canaille, n. f. [It. canaglia—h cane], rabble, mob.
canal, n. m. [L. canalis], canal, pipe, conduit, duct, drain, tube, channel.
cannibale, n. m. [Sp. cam'&aZ— W.ind.
Caribal, a Carib], cannibal, man-eater.
canon, n. m. [canne — L. canna].
eannon, gun, barrel (of a gun).
capable, adj. [L. capabilis], capable, fit, likely.
caporal, n. m. [It. caporale], corporal. capricieux, euse, adj. [caprice— It.
capriceio], capricious, freakish.
captivité, n. f. [captif-— L. captivas], captivity, bondage.
car, conj. [L. quare], for, because.
caraco, n. m. [der ?], waist, ‘ caraco.’
See note, 82, 16.
caractère, n. m. [L. character], character, stamp, type, mark, cardinal, n. m. [L. cardinal], cardinal, carême, n. m. [O. Fr. quaresme—L.
quadragesima], Lent.
caresse, n. f. [L.* carita, L. carus], caress, endearment.
caressant, e, adj. [caresser— caresse], caressing, fawning (of animais and men).
carnaval, n. m. [It. carnovale], carnival.
carré, n. m. [L. quadratus], square, carreau, n. m. [L. quadratelhim], square, tile, flag-stone ; housewife. See note, 81, 32.
carrière, n. f. [L.* quadraria], course, career, field of action.
carrosse, n. f. [It. carrozza], coach, carriage.
carton, n. m. [It. cartone — L. charta], paste-board, cartoon, band-box, box.
cartonnier, n. m. [carton], a maker of card-board boxes ; a kind of desk or bureau having card-board boxes instead of ordinary drawers.
cas, n. m. [L. casus], case, event, esteem, value ; faire cas de, to think much of, esteem.
casier, n. m. [case -L. casa], set of pigeon-holes of a bureau.
casin, n. m. [It. casmo]— early French form of casino, club-room, dancing-room.
See note, 76, 9.
casser, v. tr. [L. quassare], to break, crack.
cauchemar, n. m. [cauche—h. calcare, to ciush — O. H. G. mara, an incubus, as in Eng. night-marc], incubus, nightmare.
cause, n. f. [L. causa], cause, grounds, motive, subject, case ; à cause de, on account of.
causer, v. tr. [L. causare] to cause ; to talk.
caverne, n. f. [h.caverna], cavern, den.
VOCABULARY
ce, dem. pro. [L. ecce-^hoc], this, that, it, she, he, they.
ce, cet, cette, ces, dem. adj. [L.
ecce \isté\, this, that, these, those.
ceci, pro. [ce-\-ici], this.
cela, pro. [ce-\-la\, that.
célèbre, adj. [L. celebrem], celehrated, famous, noted.
celeste, adj. [L. cœlestis], heavenly, celestial.
celle, pro. fem. sing-. of celui, she, her, this, that, that one, the one ; celleci, this one, the latter ; celle-là, that one, the former.
celui, dem. pro. [L. ecce-\-illi-\-huic], that, he, him ; celui-ci, this, the latter ; celui-là, that, the former ; celui qui, he who, that which ; plu., ceux ; fem. sinf?., celle; fem. plu., celles.
cendre, n. f. [L. cinerem], ashes, cinders.
censeur, n. m. [L. censorem], censor, censurer, critic.
cent, adj. [L. centum], hundred.
centaine, n. f. [cent], a hundred. See note, 3, 32.
centaurée, n. f. [L. centaurea], centauiy.
centre, n. m. [L. centrum], centre.
cependant, adv. and conj. [ce-f pendant], however, yet, nevertheless, meanwhile.
cérémonie, n.f. [L. cœremonia], ceremonj\
cérémonieux, se, [L. cœremoniosus], ceremonious.
cerf-volant, n. m. [cerf (L. cervus)— voler], paper-kite, kite.
certain, e, adj [L. certus], certain, sure, positive, undoubted.
certainement, adv. [certain], certainly, surelj', undoubtedly.
certitude, n. f. [L.* certitudo], certitude, certainty.
cerveau, n. m. [L. cerebellum], brain, mind, intelligence, ces, dem. adj. See ce.
cesse, n. f. [cessèr], cessation, stopping, ceasing.
cesser, v. intr. [L. cessare], to cease, stop, leave off, ft)rbear, discontinue, give over, hâve done.
ceux, plu. of celui.
chacun, pro. [L. quisque unus], everyone, each, each one.
Chagrin, n. m. [der ? probably Turkish], chagrin, vexation, grief, annoyance.
chagriner, v. tr. [chagrin], to grieve, vex, chagrin, afflict, cross, trouble, perplex, disquiet.
chair, n. f. [L. carnem], flesh, méat, chaise, n. f. [L. cathedra], chair, seat; chaise de poste, coach.
châle, n. m. [Ar. schûl], shawl.
chaleur, n. f. [L. calosem], beat, warmth, fervency, zeal, ardor.
Chambéry. Chambéry. See note, 74, 26.
chambre, n. f. [L. caméra], room, chamber ; chambre à coucher, bedroom.
champ, n. m. [L. campus], field, piece of ground.
chanceler, v. intr. [L. cancellare], to reel, stagger, totter, falter.
changement, n. m. [changer], change, alteration, changing.
changer, v. tr. and intr. [L.* chambiare], to change, exchange, alter, turn, commute, convei’t, trausform.
chant, n. m. [L. cantus] song, singing.
chanter, v. tr. and intr. [L. cantare], to sing.
chaos, n. m. [L. chaos], chaos, confusion (ÿ silent, ch like K).
chapeau, n. m, [chape— li.* cappa], hat, bonnet.
