chapitre, n. m. [O. F. chapitle—l

capitulum], chapter.

chaque, adj. [L. quisque], each, every.

char, n. m. [L. earrus], car, chariot, charger, v. tr. [L.* carricare], to load, burden, weigh down ; charge, entrust.

charitable, adj. [eharité], charitable, kind, benovelent.

charité, n. f. [L. caritatem], charity, love, benevolence.

Charlotte. Charlotte. See note, chap. XX.

charmant, e, adj. [charmer], charming, delightful, agreeable.

charme, n. m. [L. carmen], charm, attraction.

charmer, v. tr. [charme], to charm, enchant, delight, please.

charpie, n. f. [O. P. charpir—L.

carpere], lint.

charrier, v. tr, [char], to cart, bring in a cart ; drift, drag.

chasser, v. tr. [L.* captiare—L. captare], to drive away, chase, hunt, pursue.

, VOCABULARY

chasseur, n. m. [chasser], hunter, sportsman, huntsman ; fem. chasseuse, and chasseresse (poetic).

chat, n. m. [L.* catus], cat.

château, n. m. [L. castellum], castle, palace ; résidence, mansion, chaud, e, adj. [L. calidus], hot, warm.

chauffer, v. tr. and intr. [L. calefare], to heat, warm.

chef, n. m. |L. caput], chief, head, leader, commander, master (/ is pronounced).

chef-d’œuvre, n. m. [chef-\-de-\œuvre], masterpiece ; plu. chefs-d’œuvre (/ is silent).

chemin, n. m. [L.* caminus], road, way, path, track.

cheminée, n. f. [L.* carninata, L.

caminus], chimney, lire - place, mantleshelf.

chenet, n.m. [chien], andiron, fire-dog'. chenille, n.f. [L. canicula], Caterpillar, cher, chère, adj. [L, carus], dear.

chercher, v, tr. [L. circare], to seek, look for, search, be in quest of, endeavour, attempt, try.

chéri, e, adj. [p. p. of chérir {cher)], beloved, cherisbed.

chérubin, n. m. [L.* cherubim, from the Hebrew], cherub.

cheval, n. m. [L.* cahallus], horse.

Cherubini. See note, G9, 28.

chevalier, n. m. [L.* cahallarius], chevalier, knight, rider, horseman.

cheveux, n. m. plu. [O. F. chevel— L. capillus], hair.

chez, prep. [L. casa], at, with, in, at (to) the house (office, shop, &c.) of ; chez nous, at our house.

chicane, n. f. [Gr. r^aKaviov, a kind of game], cheating, quibbling, cavil, pettifogging, subterfuge, trick, shift.

chien, n. m. [L. canis], dog; fem.

chienne.

chimie, n. f. [L.* chyynia], chemistry.

choir, V. intr. [L. cadere], to fall.

choisir, v. tr. [Gothic kausjan, to taste], to choose, select, pitch upon.

chose, n. f. [L. causa], thing, matter, business, affair, action.

chrétien, ne, adj. and noun [L. christianus], Christian.

chut, interj. [onomatopœtic], hush ! {t Is pronounced).

chute, n. f. [choir], fall, tumble, décliné, lapse, downfall, failure.

ci, !^v., contraction of ici.

ciel n. m. [L. cœlum], heaven, sky ; plu. deux.

cigarette, n. f. [ciqarre~Sp. dgarro], cigarette.

Cimarosa. See note, 69, 28.

cimetière, n. m. [L.* cœmeterium— Gr. Koifx.rjTrjpcov, a sleeping place], cemetery, graveyard, churchyard.

cinq, adj. [L. gtiingue], five.

circonférence, n. f. [L. circumferentia], circumference.

circonstance, n. f. [L. circumstantia], circumstance.

circulaire, adj. [L. circularis], circular, round.

circulation, n. f. [circuler— L. circulari], circulation, cire, n. f. [L. cera], wax.

citadelle, n. f. [It. cittadella], citadel. cité, n. f. [L. cidtatem], city.

citron, n. m. [L. citrum], citron, lemon, lime.

civière, n. f. [der. ?], handbarrow, litter, stretcher.

clair, e, adj. [L. clarus], clear, plain, bright, shiny ; clair de lune, moonlight.

clairement, adv. [clair], clearly, plainly.

clairsemé, e, adj. [clair + semer], thin, thinly sown, scarce, scattered.

clameur, n. m. [L. clamorem], clamor, outcry, din, shout.

clarinette, n. f. [clarine— clair], clarinet, clarionet.

Clarisse. Clarissa. See note, 83, 15.

classe, n. f. [L. cZassis], class, order, rank, form.

clavecin, n. m. [It. elavicembalo], hari^sichord. See note, page 146.

clef, n. f. [L. davis], key.

Cléveland. See note, 83, 32.

client, n. m. [L. clientem], dépendant, client, customer, patient. See note, page 3.

clin, n. m. [clig7ier—h. clhiai'c], wink, twinkling ; dm d’œil, twinkling of an eye.

cloison, n.f. \h.* dosionem], partition, clos, e, p. p. of clore, [L. daudere], closed, tight, shut; à la nuit dose, at nightfall.

clou, n. m. [L. clavus], nail ; plu.

clous.

cocher, n. m. [coche — L. coneha], coachman.

VOCABULAKY.

cœur, n. m. [L. cor], heart, niind, soûl, courage, spirit.

coffre, n. m. [L. copMnus], box, safe, chest, casket.

cogner, v. tr. [L. cuneare], to knock in, drive in ; knock, strike.

cohue, n. f. [from interj. hue], rout, mob, crowd, multitude, throng.

coiffer, v. tr. [coiffe— h.* cofea], to put on one’s head, to dress the hair ; se coiffer de, to cover one’s head with. See note, 91, 4.

coiffure, n. f. [coiffe], head-dress.

coin, n. m. [L. cuneus], corner, angle j nook, coin.

colère, n. f. [L. choiera], passion, wrath, anger, rage, fury.

colin-maillard, n. m. [Colin, proper Maillard (?)], blind man’s buff.

coller, V. tr. [colle— Qr. /cdAAa], to glue, stick, paste, press, collet, n. m. [col— h. collum], collar.

collier, n. m. [col], necklace, collar.

colonne, n. f. [L. colv,mna], column, pillar.

colorer, v. tr. [L. colorare], to color. colporter, v. tr. [col -{-porter], to hawk about, peddle, retail.

combattre, v. tr. [com--L. cum+ battre], to combat, fight, struggle with, dispute.

combien, adv. [co7mne-{-Men], how much, how^ many, how far, what.

combiner, v. tr. [L. combinare], to combine, contrive.

comble, n. m. [L. cumulus], heaping, consummation, zénith, sumniit, height, top.

combler, v. tr. [L. cumulare\ to fill up, heap up, load, overwhelm.

comédie, n. f. [L. comœdia], comedy, play.

comète, n. f. [L. coinetes], cornet, commander, v. tr. [L. commendare], to command, order, rule, govern, bespeak.

comme, adv., prep., and conj. [L.

(piomodo], as, like, so, how, as if, since, inasmuch as.

commencement, n. m. [conimencer], commencement, beginning.

commencer, v. tr. fL. cum-{-initiare], to commence, begin. See note, 44, 7.

comment, adv. [L. quomodo-\-inde], how.

commerce, n. m, [L. corrmiercium], commerce, business, trade, trading, trafflci

intercourse, communication, correspondence.

commettre, v. tr. [L. committere], to commit.

commis, p. p. of commettre.

commode, adj. [L. commodus], commodious, convenient, comfortable.

commode, n. f. [commode], bureau, commun, e, adj. [L. communis], common, general, mutual.

communication, n. f. [communiquer— L. communicaré], communication, intercourse.

compagne, n. f. [L.* cumpanio — L.

cum-{-pane], companion, consort, partner, helpmate.

compagnie, n. f. [compagne], company.

comparaison, n. f. [comparer], comparison, simile, similitude.

comparer, v. tr; [L. comparare], to compare.

complaire, v. intr. [L. complacere], to humour, please.

complaisance, n. f. [complaire], kindness, complacency, complaisance.

complaisant, e, adj. [complaire], complaisant, affable, civil, obliging, kind.

complet, complète, adj. [L. cornpletus], complété, full, total, perfect.

complètement, adv. [complet], completely, fully, perfectly.

complice, adj. [L. complicem], privy; and noun, accomplice, accessory.

compliquer, v. tr. [L. complicare], to render complicated, to complicate, entangle.

composer, v. tr. [L. cum-]-pausare], to compose, form, create, compound.

compositeur, n. m. [L. composttorem], composer, compositor.

composition, n. f. [composer], composition, construction, composing, theme, agreement, settlement.

comprendre, v. tr. [L. comprendere], to understand, comprehend, contain, include.

compte, n. m. [compter], account, reckoning, calculation, score, question, report : se rendre compte de, to realize.

compter, v. tr. and intr. [L. computare], to count, reckon, number, calculate, include.

comte, n. m. [L. comitem], count, earl. concentrer, v. tr. [con-]-eentre], to concentrate; le pouls concentré. See note, 91, 32.

VOCABÜLARY.

concerner, v, tr. [L.* concernere], to concern, regard,

concert, n. m. fit. concerto], concert, concerto, n. m[It. concerto], concerto, concevoir, v. tr. [L. concipere], to conçoive, fancy, apprehend, imagine, perçoive, understand.

conclure, v. tr. [L. concludere], to conclude, infer, think, judge.

conclusion, n. f. [L. conclusionem], conclusion, final decision, end. inference.

conçoit, from concevoir; près, ind, 3rd sing.

condamner, v, tr. [L. condemnare], to condemn, sentence, censure, blâme.

conducteur, adj. [conduire], leading, conducting, guiding ; and n. m. leader, conductor, guide, manager ; fem. conductrice.

conduire, v. tr. [L. conducere], to conduct, lead, guide, take, bring, convey, accompany, govern.

conduit, n. m, [conduire], conduit, pipe, duct, passage.

conduite, n. f. [conduire], conduct, management.

conférence, n. f. [conférer— L. con- ^erere], conférence.

confiance, n. f. [confier], confidence, trust, trustfulness, reliance, dependence, assurance.

confier, v. tr. [L.* confidxre], to confide, trust, entrust.

confiture, n. f. [confiré—'L. conficere], jam, préserves.

confins, n. m. plu. [L. confinis], confines.

confondre, v. tr. [L. confundere], to confound, embarrass, confuse, blend, mix, mingle ; se confondre, to get embarrassed.

conforme, adj. [L. conformis], conformable.

conformité, n. f. [conforyne], likeness, agreement, conformity.

conformer, v. tr. [conforme], to conform.

confus, e, adj. [L. coufusus], confused, irregular, mixed, blended ; ashamed.

confusément, adv, [confus], confusedly, obscurely.

confusion, n. f. [confus], confusion.

congé, n. m. [L. commentus, furlough], leave, permission, leave of absence, holi-

day.

conjonction, n. f. [L. conjunctionem], conjunction, union, connection.

conjurer, v. tr. [L. conjumre], to implore, conspire, plot, swear, conjure, exorcise.

connaissance, n. f. [connaître], acquaintance, knowledge, intercourse, understanding, learning.

connaisseur, n. m. [connaître], connoisseur, one who is skilled.

connaître, v. tr. [L. cognoscere], to know, be aware of, perceive, understand, be versed in, be acquainted with, expérience.

connu, p. p. of connaître.

conquête, n. f. [conquérir— h. conquirere], conquest.

consacrer, v. tr. [L. consecrare], to conseci’ate, sanction, devote, hallow, sanctify

conscience, n. f. [L. conscientia], conscience

conseil, n. m. [L. consüium], council, counsel, advice.

conseiller, v. tr. [conseil], to ad vise, counsel, give advice.

conseiller, n.m. [conseil], counsellor, councillor, advisor.

conséquence, n.f. [L. consequentia], conséquence, sequel, inference, importance, déduction.

conséquent, e, adj. [conséquence], just, consistent, logical, cohérent, conséquent ; n. m. (a term in logic and mathematics), conséquent ; par conséquent, consequently .

considérer v. tr. [L. considerare], to consider, regard, look upon, contemplate, respect, value.

consolation, n. f. [L. consolationem], consolation, comfort, solace.

consoler, v. tr. [L. consolari], to console, comfort.

consonne, n. f. [L. consona], consonant.

constamment, adv. [constant — L.

Constantin], constantly, steadily, with persévérance.

constater, v. tr. [formed from L.

status], to prove, verify, establish undeniably, ascertain, state, déclaré.

contemplation, n. f. [coiitempler], contemplation, méditation, reflection.

contempler, v. tr. [L. contemplare], to contemplate, observe, survey, look at, gaze on, muse on.

contemporain, e, adj. [L. contemporaneus], contemporary, contemporaneous.

contenir, v. tr. [L. contenire], to con-

VOCABULARY

tain, comprise, liold, include, keep in, restrain, repress.

content, e, adj. [L. contentus], pleased, well pleased, content, contented, satisfied.

contenter (se) (de), v, ref. {content], to content one’s self, be contented, be satisfied, put up with, conter, v. tr. [L. computare], to relate, narrate, tell.

continuel, le, adj. [continu— continuus], continuai, uninterrupted.

continuer, v. tr. and intr. [L. continuare], to continue, keep on, go on, extend.

contour, n. m. [contourner— tour], circuit, circumference, contour, outline.

contradictoire, adj. [L. contradictorius], contradictory, inconsistent.

contraindre, v. tr. [L. constringere], to constrain, compel, force, make, drive, necessitate, impel, oblige, restrain.

contrarier, v. tr. [contraire], to contradict, thwart, baffle, oppose, vex, annoy.

contraire, adj. [L. contrarius], contrary, opposite, adverse, répugnant, opposed, against, hurtful, préjudiciai.

contre, prep. [L. contra], against, contrary to ; à contre-sens, in a contrary sense, wrong.

contrée, n. f. [L.* contrata—L. contra], district, country, région.

contredanse, n. f. [contre -[-danse], quadrille.

contribuer, v. tr. [L. contrihuere], to contribute, conduce, help on, tend .

convaincant, e, adj. [convaincre], convincing.

convaincre, v. tr. irr. [L. convincere], to convince, persuade, satisfy, convint.

convenable, adj. [convenir], convenient, suitable.

convenablement, adv. [convenable], conveniently, suitably.

convenir, v. tr. and intr. [L. convenire], to agréé ; own, admit, acknowledge ; suit, match, serve, become, be suitable, convenient.

conversation, n. f. [L. conversationem], conversation, talk.

convertir, v. tr. [L. convertere], to convert, change, turn, bring over, transform.

convention, n. f. [convenir], convention, agreement.

Cook. See note, 86, 19.

copie, n. f. [L. opia], copy.

coquette, n. f. [coquet-coq, L.*cocms], coquette, flirt, jilt, light o’ love.

coquetterie, n. f. [coquet], coquetry, affectation, flirtation, lightness.

coquillage, n. m. [Loquille—h. conchylium], shell.

coquin, n. m. [L.* coguinus — L.

coquus (?)], a rascal, rogue ; fem. coquine, corail, n. m. [L. cprallium], coral (plu. coraux).

corbeille, n. f. [L. corbicula], basket (fiat and wide). See note, 11, 14.

corde, n. f. [L. chorda], cord, rope, line, string, twine.

cordeau, n. m, [corde], cord, string, (for tracing lin es) ; planter au cordeau, to plant in rows.

cordialité, n. f. [cordial— ~L.* cordiale], cordiality, heartiness.

cordon, n. m. [corde], strand of a rope, string, line, cord, thread; cordon de sonnette, bell rope.

cordonnier, n. m. [‘a worker in Cordovan leather ’], a shoemaker.

corniche, n. f. [It. corniccio], comice, surbase.

corps, n. m. [L. corpus], body, person, substance, society.

Corrège. Corregio. See note, 71, 15.

correspondance, n. f. [correspondre— L. correspondere], correspondence, intercourse, connection, relation.

correspondant, e, adj. [correspondre], correspondent, corresponding.

côté, n. m. [L.* costatum], side, direction, way : du coté de, towards ; de tous cotés, ail around, in ail directions, on every side. See note, 4, 2.

COU, n. m. [a doublet of col— h. eollum], neck.

couchant, adj. and n. m. [près. p. of coucher], west ; le soleil couchant, the setting sun.

coucher, n. m. [coucher], setting; coucher du soleil, sunset.

coucher, v. tr. [L. collocare], to put to bed, lay down, lodge, couch.

coude, n. m. [L. cubitus], elbow, bend, angle.

couler, V. tr. and intr. [L. colare], to fiow, run, glide, pour, stream, slip, couleur, n. f. [L. colorent], color.

coup, n. m. {L* colpus- Gr. Ko\a<f>oç], blow, throw, stroke. knock, thump, clap, hit, stab, thrust, lash, crack ; tout à coup, suddenly, ail at once : coup d’œil,

VOCABULAHy.

glance ; coup de tonnerre, thunderclap ; pour le coup, at that. See note, 1, 6, and also 11, 16.

coupable, adj. [L. culpahiUs], culpable, guilty, in fault, sinful ; and n., culprit.

coupe, n. f. [couper], cutting, cfhopping, felling ; cup, bowl.

couper, V. tr. [coup], to eut, lop, strike off, clip, pare, cross.

cour, n. f. [O. F. court or cort— L.

eohortem], court ; yard, court-yard.

courage, n. m. [L.* coraticum — L.

cor], courage, spirit, daring, mettle, fearlessness, heart, zeal, passion, teniper.

courant, n. m. [courir], current, stream, tide, course, routine.

courir, v. intr. [L, curreré], to run, hasten ; frequent.

couronne, n. f. [L. corona], crown, wreath, coronet.

couronner, v. tr. [couronne], to Crown.

courroux, n. m [courroucer— L.* corruptiare], wrath, anger, rage.

cours, n. m. [L. cursus], course, stream, current, vent, scope.

course, n. f. [L."^ cursa], course, race, coursing, hunting.

court, e, adj. [L. curtus], short, curt, scanty, brief, concise, limited. See note, 62, 26.

couteau, n. m. [L. (ndtdlus], knife.

coûter, V. intr. [L. constare], to cost. coutume, n. f. [O. F. coustume — L.* costuma — L. consuctudinem], custom, habit, practice, usage.

couture, n. f. [L.* consutura~ \j.

consuere], seam, sewing, stitching, scar.

couvercle, n. m. [L. cooperculum], cover, lid, top.

couvert, n. m. [couvrire], cover. See note, 4, 21.

couvrir, v. tr, [L. cooperie], to cover, envelop, wrap, muffle up.

crac, interj. [onomatopoetic], crack !

crash ! cric-crac, crack ! crash !

craindre, v. tr. (L. tremere], to fear, apprehend, dread, stand in awe, be afraid of.

crâne, n. m. [Gr. KpâvLov], skull, craniurii.

créature, n. f. [L. creatura], créature, créer, v. tr. [L. creare], to create, produce, invent, imagine.

crème, n. f. [L.* crema — L. cremor, thick juice from soaked corn], cream.

crêpe, n. m. [crêper — L. crispare], crape ; n. f. a pancake.

Crète, Crete. See note, 85, 10.

creuser, v. tr. [creux— li. corrosum], to hollow out, dig.

crever, v. tr. and intr. [L. erepare], to burst, break, split, crack, tear, ûp, rend, stave in.

cri, n. m. [crier], cry, shout, scream, shriek, bawl, howl, yell, outcry, squeak. cric, cric-crac [onomatopoetic], crack !

crier, v. intr, [L. quisitare], to cry, cry out, halloo, shout, bawl, scold, scream, shriek, screech, squall, clamor.

crime, n. m. [L. crimen], crime, guilt, sin, transgression.

criminel, n. m. [L. crimmalis], oriminal.

crisper, v. intr. [L. crispare], to shrivel, contract, curl, shrink ; crispé, cojitracted, rigid.

critique, n. f. [Gr. KptrtKôç], criticism ; n. m. critic, censurer.

critiquer, v: tr. [critique], to criticise, censure, blâme.

croire, v. tr. [L, credere], to believe, crédit, trust, place reliance, think, deem, présumé, be of opinion.

croiser, v. tr. and intr. [croix — L.

crucem], to cross, thwart ; cruise.

croissant, e, adj. [près. part, of croître], growing, crescent.

croître, v. intr. [L. cresceré], to grow, wax, grow up, spring, increase, lengthen. croix, n. f. [L. crucem], cross, croyant, from croire ; près, part cru, from croire ; past part, cruauté, n. f. [L. crudelitatem], ci'uelty.

cruchon, n. m. [cruche— Bx&t. crue], little pitcher, jug, mu g.

crucifix, n. m. [L. cruciiixus], crucifix.

cruel, le, adj. [L. crudelisl, cruel, bitter, hard, merciless, pitiless, hardhearted, remorseless, flinty.

cueillir, v. tr. [L. colligere], togather, pluck, pick, cull, (pronounce ue like eu). cuiller, n. f. [L. cochleare], spoon.

cuisine, n. f, [L. coquina], kitchen, cooking, cookery.

cuisinière, n. f. [cuisine], cook.

cuivre, n. m. [L. cuprum], copper.

cuivrer, v. tr. [cuivre], to copper, cover with sheet-copper ; cuivré ; adj, copper-colored.

VOCABULARY

cultiver, v. tr, [L*. cuUivare\ to cultivate, till, improve.

curaçao, n. m. {Curaçao, one of the Antilles],^ curaçoa, (a liqueur made of brandy, bitter orange peel and sugar) (pronounce ku-ra-so).

curieux, se, adj. [L. euriosus], curions, anxious, inquisitive, careful ; and n., an inquisitive person. See note, 45, 8.

curiosité, n, f. [L. curiositatem], curiosity, inquisitiveness.

dada, n. m. [nursery word], bobbyhorse, hobby. See note, 69, 11.

daigner, v. intr. [L. dignari], to deign, be pleased, condescend, vouchsafe.

dame, n. f. [L. domine^], lady, dame ; jouer aux dames, to play checkers.

damoiseau, n. m. {h.* dominicellus^, young page, beau, fop, dandy.

danger, n. m. [L.* dominarium], danger, péril, risk.

dangereux, se, adj. [danger], dangerous, perilous.

dans, prep. [d«-|-0. F. ens—h. intus], in, within, into, out of. See note, 58, 26. danse, n. f. [danser], dance, dancing, danser, v. intr. (O. II. G. dansôn], to dance.

date, n. f. [L. data], date, dater, v. tr. [date], to date, davantage, adv. [de -|- avantage], more, longer.

dé, a prefix answering to L. de and dis.

de, d’, prep. [L. de], of, to, by, in, with. dé, n. m. [L. datum], die ; dés, plu.

dice.

débarrasser, v. tr- [dé, barre], to rid, relieve.

débat, n. m. [débattre], debate, discussion, struggle.

débattre, v. tr. [dé-\-battre], to debate, discuss, argue ; se débattre, to struggle, writhe.

debout, adv. [de-\-bout], uprîght, standing on end.

début, n. m. [dé-\-but], beginning, outset, first step, lead, first appearance.

décadence, n. f. [L.* decadentia], decay, décliné, decadence, downfall.

décence, n. f. [decent — L deemtem], decency, propriety.

déchiffrer, v. tr. [dé-\-cMffre], to decipher, unravel, make clear.

déchiqueter, v. tr. [dé-\-cMquet—h.

ciccum, ‘ a trifle ’], to eut, slash, mangle.

déchirant, e, adj. [près. part, of déchirer], heart-rending, piercing, bar rowing.

déchirer, v. tr. [de+0. H. G. sherran\ to tear, rend, lacerate.

décidément, adv. [décider], decidedly, positively, certainly, indeed.

décider, v. tr. and intr. [L. decidere], to décidé, settle, persua-le, déterminé ; se décider, to décidé, déterminé.

décimal, e, adj. [décime — L. décima], décimal.

décision, n. f. [L. deeisionem], decision, determinat’on.

déclarer, v. tr. [L. declarare], to déclaré, proclaim, announce, make known.

décoller, v. tr. [dé-\-colle], to unglue, disengage, take off.

décomposer, v. tr. [dé-^-composer], to décomposé, discompose.

déconcerter, v. tr. [dé-^f-concerter], to disconcert, foil, baffle, dismay.

décorer, v. tr. [L. decorare], to decorate, adorn, ornament.

découdre, v. tr. irreg 39, [dé-{-coudre], to unsew, unstitch, rq3, tear up, scatter.

décourager, v. tr. [dé-\-courage], to discourage, sadden, dishearten, daunt, deter.

découragement, n. m. [ décourager], discouragement.

décousu, from découdre ; past part, torn up, scattered, disconnected.

découvert, e, p. p. of découvrir ; à découvert, see note, 76, 18.

découverte, n. f. [découvrir], discovery.

découvrir, v. tr. irreg. 10, [dé-\-couvrir], to discover, find ; uneover, expose, unveil, disclose.

décrire, v. tr. irreg. 44, [L. deseribere], to describe, depict.

décrocher, v. tr. [dé croc], to unhook, take down, remove.

décrotter, v. tr. [dé-\-crotter— crotte, ‘dirt’], to rub off dirt, clean, brush.

dedans, adv. [de, dans], within, inside.

dédier, v. tr. [L. dedicare], to dedicate.

déesse, n. f. [L. deus], goddess.

défaire, v. tr. irreg. 45, [dé-\-faire], to undo, take apart, free, deliver, rid.

défaite, n. m. [défaire], defeat, overthrow ; évasion, shift.

VOCABULARY

défait, e, adj. [pasfc part. défaire\ undone, rid of, exhausted, routed.

défendre, v. tr. |L. defendere], to defend, protect, shelter, uphold ; forbid, prevent.

défaut, n. m. [faute], defect, fault, imperfection, drawback.

défier, v, tr. [dé-^fier — L.* fidare], to defy ; se défier, be on one’s guard, to mistrust, suspect, bave a care.

défigurer, v. tr. [dé -\- figure], to disfigure, mar, distort, spoil.

défiler, v. tr. [dé -f fil], to unstring, unthread, untwi^t; and intr., to go in file.

dégager, v. tr. [dé-{-gagé], to disengage, release.

dégât, n. m. [dégâter— gâter], havoc, damage, déprédation, waste.

dégrader, v. tr. [L. degradare], to dégradé, damage, deprive of dignity.

degré, n. m. [L. de-\~gradtis], degree, step, stair, stage, grade, point.

dehors, adv. [de-\-hors—h. de+foras], outside, out, out of doors, abroad ; au dehors, outside,

déjà, adv. [dés-\-jà — L. jam], already, before, yet.

déjeuner, v. intr. [de-\- jeûner, to fast — L. jejunare], to breakfast.

déjeuner, n. m. [déjeuner], breakfast.

delà, adv. [deflà], beyond ; au delà de, beyond, on tbe other side of.

délaisser, v, tr. [dé -f- laisser], to forsake, abandon, cast off, desert, leave, relinquisb.

délassement, n. m. [délasser— dé-\lasser — L. fassws], relaxation, récréation, repose ; remission of attention or application.

délicat, e, adj. [L. delieatus], délicate, dainty, nice, fastidious.

délicatesse, n. f. [délicad], delicacy, tenderness, nicety.

délices, n. f. plu. [L. deliciœ], delights, pleasures.

délicieusement, adv. [délicieux], deliciously, deligbtfully.

délicieux, euse, adj. [délice— Ij.

deliciæ], delicious, deligbtful.

délivrer, v. tr. [L.* deliberare], to deliver, release, set free, rid of.

demain, adv. [L. de+mane], tomorrow’.

demande, n. f. [dema7idér], question, request, pétition, suit, inquiry.

demander, v. tr. [L. demandare], to ask, beg, request, demand ; ask for, call for, inquire for.

démarche, n. f. [dé+marche], step, gait, walk, bearing, proceeding, actions.

demeurant, n. m. [demeurer], remainder, residue ; au demeurant, in otber respects, after ail, for tbe rest. See note, 14, 18.

demeure, n. f, [deineurer], dwelling, habitation, résidence, bouse, abode, home.

demeurer, v. intr. [L. demorari], to live, dwell, résidé, remain, stay.

demi, e, adj. [L. dimidius], half ; — douzaine, half a dozen ; — heure, half an hour ; —mille, half a mile ; -seconde, a half second ; — sourire, a faint smile ; — voix, a whisper.

démocrate, n. m. [démocratie— Qv.

Sr]iJLOKpaTia], democrat.

démon, n. m. [L. dœmonem], devil, fiend, démon, genius.

démoniaque, adj. [L. daemoniacus], demoniac, possessed of a devil, frenzied.

démonter, v. tr. [dé-\-monte.r], to dismount, unhorse, nonplus, baffle, take to pièces, take down, undo, supersede, remove.

denier, v, tr. [L. denarius], a denarius, farthing.

dénoncer, v. tr. [L. de^mntaire], to denounce, inform against, give notice.

dénouer, v. tr. [dé-\-nouer], to undo, untie, loosen.

dent, n. f. [L. dentem], tootb.

départ, n. m. [départir— L. dispartir e], departure, setting out.

dépendre, v. intr. [L. dependere], to dépend, rest.

dépenser, v. tr. [L. dispensare], to expend, spend, consume.

dépit, n. m. [L. despectus], spite, vexation, anger, disgust ; en dépit de, in spite of, notwithstanding.

déplacer, v. tr. [dé-^place], to displace, put out of place, shift, substitute.

déplaire, v. intr. irr. 52, [dé-\-plaire], to displease, offend, incur displeasure.

déposer, v. tr. [dé-\-poser], to lay, lay down, put, put down, deposit; strip, divest, déposé.

dépouiller, v. tr. [L. despoliare], to despoil, strip, skin, lay aside, rob, deprive of.

depuis, prep. and adv. [de + puis\ after, from, aftervvards, since, sincethen î depuis que, since.

VOCABULARY

déraciner, v. tr. [dé racine], to root up, pluck up, eradicate.

déranger, v. tr. [dé -f ranger], to dérangé, destroy, disturb, incommode, bother ; se déranger de, to be disturbed.

dériver, v. intr. [L. de -\- ripa], to be derived ; drift, turn aside ; dérivé, proceed from.

dernier, ère, adj. [L. de -f rétro], later, last, utmost. See note, 8, 27.

dérouter, v. tr. [dé -{-route], to put out of one’s way, embarrass, disconcert, baffle, perplex, bewilder.

derrière, prep. [L. de -f- rétro], behind.

des, contraction of de + les, of the, some, any.

dès, prep. [L. de-{-ex], from, not later than, as early as, as soon as.

désapprouver, v. tr. [dé{s)avprouver], to disai^prove of.

désastreux, se, adj. [désastre— It.

desastro], disastrous.

*tdescendre, v. tr. and intr. [L. descendere], to take down, go down, descend, alight.

descente, n. f. [descendre], descent, going down, trip.

description, n. f. [L. descriptionem], description.

désert, n. m. [L. desertum], desert, Waste, wilderness.

désert, e, adj. [L. desertus], deserted, desolate, wild, barren, forsaken.

désespérer, v. tr. and intr. [dé(s) -f espérer], to drive to despair, despair, give up hope.

désespoir, n. m. [dé{s)-{-espoir], despair, desperation, despondency, hopelessness.

déshabiller, v. tr. [dé{s)Tiahiller], to uudress, disrobe, take off one’s clothes.

désigner, v. tr. [L. designare], to designate, describe, dénoté, point out.

désintéressement, n. m. [desintéresser— des -j- intéresser], disinterestedness, indifférence, impartiality.

désir, n. m. [désirer], desire, wish, longing.

désirer, v. tr. [L. desiderare], to desire, wish for, long for.

désireux, se, adj. [désir], désirons.

désoler, v. tr. [L. desolari], to desolate, lay Waste, devastate ; pester, harass, annoy, torment, make disconsolate ; désolé, disconsolate, bereaved.

désordre, n. m. [dés + ordre], disorder, disturbance, mischief, confusion, dissention, discord.

désormais, adv. [O. F. dés ore mais ; see dès— L. hora, mugis], thenceforth, from that time forth, henceforth.

dessous, adv. and prep. [de-\-sous], down, under, underneath, below ; au dessous de, below.

dessus, adv. and prep. [de-\-sus—L* susum], on, above, over ; au-dessus de, above ; là-dessus, thereupon, then.

destiner, v. tr. [L. destinare], to destine, design, doom ; address, intend, fit.

destruction, n. f. [L. destructionem], destruction.

détacher, v. tr. [dé Rattacher], to detach, remove, break off, disengage, loosen, untie, undo, eut off.

détail, n. m. [détailler — L.^ taleare], detail, particular, retail, circumstance ; plu. details.

déterminer, v. tr. [L. determinare], to détermine.

détour, n. m. [détourner], turning, winding, shift, évasion, subterfuge, guile.

détourner, v. tr. ['U-\- tourner], to turn aside, turn away, divert.

détromper, v. tr. [dé-{-tromper], to undeceive.

détruire, v. tr. irr. 37, [L. destruere], to destroy, ruin, subvert.

deux, numéral adj. [L. dtws], two ; tous les deux, both.

devant, prep. and adv. [de -[-avant], before, in front of ; ahead, in front ; audevant de, up to, towai’ds, to. See note, 37, 27.

^devenir, v. intr. irreg. il, [L.

devenire], to become, grow, get.

développer, v. tr. [O. F. des-[-velop of Teut. origin, Eng. wrap], to develop.

deviner, v. tr. [devin— h. divinits], to divine, guess, suspect, foretell, predict.

devoir, v. tr. and intr. [L. debere], to owe, ought, be about to, be to, be necessary, hâve to, must.

devoir, n. m. [devoir], duty, task ; se mettre en devoir, to set about, préparé. See note, 1, 25.

dévorer, v. tr. [L. devorare], to devour, consume, prey upon, swallow.

diable, n. m. [L. diàbolus], devil, deuce, fellow.

diagonalement, adv. [diagonal— L.

diagonalis], diagonally, cross-wise.

dialogue, n.m. [L. dialogus], dialogue.

VOCABULARY

diantre, euphemism for diable ; diantre soit de se dit pour envoyer au

diable la personne ou la chose qui importune.

diapason, n.m. [L. diapason], diapason, pitch ; tixning-fork.

Dieu, n. m. [L. deus], God ; le bon Dieu, common expression for God. See also note, 12, 11.

différence, n. f. [L. differentia], différence, odds, contrast, disparity.

différent, e, adj. [L. diffcrentem], different, dissimilar, various, opposite, contrary.

différer, v. tr. and intr. [L. differre], to defer, delay, put off, postpone, adjourn.

difficile, adj. [L. difficilis], difficult, hard, wilful, particular, hard to please.

difficilement, adv. [difficile], with difficulty.

difficulté, n. f. [L. difficultatem], difficulty, objection, hésitation, obstacle, hindrance, impediment.

digestion, n. f. [L. digestionem], digestion.

digne, adj. [L. dignus], worthy.

digression, [L. digressionem], digression.

dilatation, n. f . [dilater— L. dilatare], dilatation, expansion, enlargenient.

diminuer, v. tr. [L. dimmuere], to diminish, lessen, decrease, abate.

dîner, v. intr. [L.* disnare Çl)], to dine, hâve dinner; and n. m. dinner.

dire, v. tr. irreg. 43, [L. dicere], to tell, say, speak, state, relate, think, believe, express, name.

direction, n. f. [L. directionem], direction ; management.

diriger, v. tr. [L. dirigere], to direct, guide, conduct, manage.

discord, n. m. [discorder— ~L. discordare], discord ; and adj., discordant, harsh.

discours, n. m. [L. discursxis], discourse, speech.

discrétion, n. f. [L. discrctionem], discrétion, prudence, reserve, circumspection, self-restraint.

discussion, n. f. [L. discussionem], discussion, debate, altercation, strife, wrangling, dispute.

disgrâce, n. f. {dis-\-grâee], disaster, misfoi'tune, adversiiy, affliction, downfall. See note, 14, 19.

disparaissent, from disparaître, près. ind. 3rd plu.

*tdisparaître, v. intr. irreg. 38, -\-paraitre], to disappear, vanish.

disparu, e, p. p. of disparaître.

disposer, v. tr. [dis-\-poser'\, to dispose, arrange, incline, lay out, order, préparé.

disposition, n f. [L. dispositionem], disposition, arrangement.

disputer, v. tr. and intr. [L. disputare], to discuss, argue, dispute, wrangle, contend.

dissertation, n. f. [L. dissertationem], dissertation, treatise, discourse.

disserter, v. intr. [L. dissertare], to dissert, discuss.

dissiper, v. tr. [L. dissipare], to dissipate, drive away, dispel, break up, scatter, consume, disperse, waste, squan-

der.

dissonance, n. f. [dissoner—L. dissonare], dissonance, discord, distance, n. f. [L. distantia], distance, distinct, e, adj. [L. distinctus], distinct, separate, plain, clear.

distinction, n. f. [L. distinctionem], distinction, division, différence, eminence, superiorit3\

distinguer, v. tr. [L. distinguere], to distinguish, discern, perceive, notice.

distraction, n. f. [L. distractio7iem], séparation, subtraction, wandering, heedlessness, distraction, amusement.

distraire, v. tr. irreg. 58, [L. distrahere], to distract, divert, amuse, entertain, separate.

distribuer, v. tr. [L. distribuere], to distribute, give, deal out, lay out, serve out, dispose, arrange.

distributeur, trice, adj. and n. [dfsributoren], distributor, who distributes.

district, n. f. [L.* districtum], district, jurisdiction.

dit, from dire., pastpart.; ind. près., and past def. 3rd sing.

divers, e, adj. [L. diversus], divers, various, different, sundry, several.

diversion, n. f. [L. diversionem^, diveision.

diviser, v. tr. [L. divisai'e], to divicle, parcel out, portion out.

divin, e, adj. [L. dioinus], divine, heavenly, godlike.

divinité, n. f. [L. divinitatem], divinity, Godhead, deity.

dix, numéral adj. [li. decem], ten.

dix-huit, numéral adj. [dix+huit—lM octo], eighteen.

VOCABÜLARY.

dizaine, coll. num. n. f. [dix], ten.

docteur, n. m. [L. doctorem], doctor.

dogmatique, adj. [L. dogmaticus], dogmatic.

doigt, n. m. [L. digitus], finger, toe, hand, digit.

doit, froin devoir, ind. près. 3rd sing. domestique, adj. [L. domesticus]^ domestic ; and n., a servant.

donc, adv. and conj. [perhaps L. de-\unquam], then, consequently, therefore, accordingly.

donner, v. tr. [L. donare], to give, présent, introduce, bestow, grant, cause, ascribe.

dont, rel. pro. [L. de-{-unde], of which, o£ whom, whose, from which, by which, by whom, from whom.

dorer, v. tr. [L. deaurare], to gild.

dormir, v. intr. irreg. 7, [L. dormire], to sleep, be asleep.

dot, n. m. [L. dotem], marriage portion, dowry.

double, adj. [L. duplus], double, duplicate.

doubler, v. tr. [double], to double.

doucement, adv. [doux], mildly, sweetly, gently, softly, slowly, leisurely, peaceably, placidly, melodiously.

douceur, n. f. [L. dulcorem], sweetness, mildness, gentleness, peace, charm, fragrance, good-nature, delight.

douleur, n. f. [L. dolorem], pain, sorrow, ache, anguish, grief, woe.

doute, n. m. [douter], doubt, misgiving, mistrust.

douter (de), v. intr. [L. diibitare], to doubt, mistrust, suspect, scruple ; se douter de, to suspect.

douteux, euse, adj. [douter], doubtful, questionable, problematical, dubious.

doux, douce, adj. [L. dulcis], sweet, mild, soft, gentle, agreeable, charining, peaceful, calm.

douzaine, coll. num. n. f. [douze— L.

duodeeim], a dozen.

drame, n. m. [Gr. Apâ/u.a], drama.

dresser, v. tr. [L. de-\-rectus], to put up, e ect, form, instruct, train.

droit, e, adj. and adv. [L. directus], straight, right, direct, upright, directly ; la {main) droite, the right ; à droite, à la droite, to the right.

droitement, adv. [droit], straight, square, squarely.

drôle, n. m. [Teut.— Eng. droit], an odd person, a wag ; and adj., odd.

du, [contraction oide-\-le], of the, from the, some, any.

dû, p. p. of devoir. See note, 10, 8. duc, n. m. [L. dux], duke ; fem.

duchesse.

ducat, n. m. [It. ducato], ducat, duel, n. m. [L. dualis, duel, dupe, n. m. [O. F. dupe, ‘ a hoopoe,, perhaps imitative in origin], dupe, gull.

dur, e, adj. [L. du7'us], hard, severe, rough, harsh, hard-hearted.

durant, prep. [durer — L. durare] during.

durée, n. f. [durer], duration, côntinuance.

durer, v. inti*. [L. durare], to last, endure.

dureté, n. f. [dur], hardness, harshness, austerity, unkindness.

eau, n. f. [L. aqua], water, rain.

éblouir, v. tr. [es -f- blouir, der ?], to, dazzle, fascinate.

éblouissement, n. m. [éblouir], dazzling.

ébranlement, n. m. [ébranler — branler], shock, concussion, shaking, trouble, perturbation, vibration.

ébranler, v. tr. [é -f- branler, der. ?], to shake, move, disturb ; s’ébranler, to be shaken, to be disturbed.

écart, n. m. [écarter], step aside, digression, error.

écarter, v. tr. [L.* exquartare], to spread, separate, put aside, remove, dismiss, waive ; s’écarter, to separate, go away.

échafaud, n. m. [O. F. escafaut— catar, ‘ to see ’ — (L. captare) + O. H. G. palcho, ‘ a scafïold ’], scaffold, stage.

échantillon, n. m. [é + O. F. cantel, a corner — G. kante], sample, pattern, specimen.

échapper, v. intr. [L. ex -f cappa], to escape, slip, avoid, shun, break out.

échecs, n. m. plu. [Persian sha], chess, (the second c is silent).

échelle, n. f. [L. seala], ladder, scale, staircase, ascent.

échelon, n. m. [échelle], round (of a ladder), step.

échouer, v. tr. [der. ?•], to run aground, be wrecked, strand, miscarry, be disappointed.

VOCARULARY.

éclair, n. m. [éclairer\, lightning, flash, ray.

éclairage, n. m, [éclairer], lighting, admitting light, illumination.

éclaircir, v. tr. [é + clair], to clear up, brighten, elucldate, illustrate, throw light on.

éclairer, v. tr. [éclair], to brighten, illuminate, light up, give light to, instruct.

éclat, n. m. [éclater], fragment, bnrst, outburst, explosion, glare, brightness, brilliancy.

éclatant, e, adj. [près. p. of éclater], shining, polished, bright.

éclater, v, intr. [O. H. G. sklcizan], to split, shiver, burst, break ont, glitter, flash.

éclipse, n. f. [L. eclipsis], éclipsé, éclipser, v. tr. [éclipsé], to éclipsé, école, n. f. [L. schola], school.

écolière, n. f. [école], school -girl, student, scholar, pupil.

écouter, v. tr. [L. ausculta re], to listen to, hear, pay attention.

écrasement, n. m. [écraser], crushing, crush, bruising, squeezing, destruction.

écraser, v. tr. [Scan, krassa], to crush, bruise, weigh down, overwhelin, bear down, ruin.

écrier (s’), v. ref. [é+ crier], to cry, exclaim.

écrire, v. tr. [L. scrihere], to write, spell, set down, pen.

écritoire, n. f. [L. scriptorium], inkhorn, inkstand.

édredon, n. m. [Danish ederduun], eider-down.

effacer, v. tr. [e+face], to efface, obliterate, expunge, wear out, strike out, blot out, éclipsé.

effarer, v. tr. [L. efferare], to terrify, scare.

effet, n. m. [L. effectum], effect, performance, intent, execution ; en effet, indeed, sure enough, after ail; plu., effects, clothes, things.

effigie, n. f. [L. effgiem], eflfigy, picture, portrait.

effleurer, v. tr. [fleur], to graze, touch softly.

effondrer, v. intr. and tr. [fond], to dig deep, break into.

efforcer (s’), v. ref. [é-\-forcer], to make an effort, try hard, strain, strive, struggle.

effort, n. m. [efforcer], effort, exertion, endeavor, force, strength.

effraction, n. f, [L.* effractionem], breaking, breaking open ; vol de nuit avec effraction, burglary,

effrayant, e, adj. [effrayer], frightful, fearful, dreadful.

effrayer, v. tr. [L.* exfrigidaré], to frighten, terrify, dismay.

effroyable, adj. [effrayer], frightful, horrible, dreadful, shocking.

égal, e, adj. [L. œqualis], equal, equable, the same ; indiffèrent.

également, adv. [égal], equally, also, alike.

égard, n. m. [garder], regard, considération, respect. See note, 77, 1.

égayer, v. tr. [ê -f gai], to cheer, gladdeti, enliven, divert.

église, n. f. [L. ccclesia], church.

égoïste, adj. [L. ego], selfish ; and n., a selfish man, an egotist.

égorger, v. tr. [gorge], to eut the throat, butcher, kill, slaughter.

élan, n. m. [élancer], burst, start, im’ puise, spring, enthusiasm, transport.

élancer, v. tr. [é -f lancer], to dart, cast, lance, throw ; s’élancer, to rush, precipitate one’s self, shoot, dash, spring.

élastique, adj. [Gr. èAao-TiKÔç], elastic.

Eléctre, Electra. See note, 85, 4.

électricité, n. f. [électrique], electricity.

électrique, adj. [L. electrum], electrie.

élégance, n. f. [L. elegantia], elegance.

élégant, e, adj. [L. elegantem], élégant, fashionable.

élever, v. tr. [é -\- lever], to raise, bring up ; s'élever, to rise, stand.

elle, pers. pro. fem. [L. ilia], she, her, it(used after a prep. and as subj. of verb); elle-même, herself.

éloge, n. m. [L. elogium], eulogium, eulogy, enconium, panegyric, praise.

éloigner, v. tr. [é -f loin], to remove, put away, dismiss, discard, repudiate ; s’éloigner, to corne away, remove one’s self to a distance, keep off.

éloquence, n. f. [L. eloquentia], éloquence.

Élysée, adj. [L. elysium], Elysîan.

émail, n. m. [O. H. G. smalti], enamel.

VOCABULARY

embarquer, v. tr. [en, barque], to embark.

embarras, n. m. [en-\-harre], embarrassment, trouble, perplexity.

embarrasser, v. tr. [embarras], to embarrass, puzzle, encumber, clog, trouble.

embellir, v. tr. [en + bel], to embellish, adorn, ornament, deck, beautify.

embellissement, n. m. [embellir], embellishment, improvement, adornment.

emboîter, v. tr. [boite, a box], to joint, fit in, clamp, set.

embrasser, v. tr., [en-\-bras] to embrace, hug, kiss.

emmener, v. tr. [en-\-mener], to lead away, take away, fetch away, bring away.

émotion, n f. [L. emotionem], émotion, stir, commotion, excitement.

émouvoir, v. tr. [L. emovere], to move, touch, affect, excite, agitate, provoke ; s'émouvoir, to be moved, touched, etc.

ému, from émouvoir, past part, empaqueter, v. tr. [em paquet], to pack up, do up, bundle.

emparer (s’) (de), v. ref. [en + parer — L. pararê], to seize on, lay hold of, take possession of, secure.

empêcher, v. tr. [der. ?], oppose, prevent, hinder, obstruct, impede.

Empédocle, Empedocles. See note, 61, 14.

empire, n. m. [L. imperium], empire, authoilty, dominion, rule, sway.

empirisme, n. m. [empirique — L.

empiricus], empiricism, quackery.

emplette, n. f. [L.* implicita], purchase.

emploi, n. m, [employer], employ, employment, use ; situation.

employer, v. tr. [L. impUcare], to emplojq use, make use of, bestow, spend.

emporter, v, tr. [em+porter], to carry off ; l'emporter sur, to prevail over.

empreindre, v. tr. irreg. 40, [L.

imprimere], imprint, mark.

empreinte, n. f. [empreindre— L. împrimere], impress, mark, stamp, print, impression.

empressement, n. m. [empresser], haste, eagerness, assiduity, alacrity, earnestness, promptness.

empresser (s’) (de), v. ref. [en + presser], to be eager, hasten, to be ardent ; empressé, ardent, eager.

emprunter, v. tr. [L.* impromutuare], to borrow.

emprunteur, adj. [emprunter], borrowing, prone to borrow; and n. m., borrower,

empyrée, n. m. [Gr. IjaTrupo?], Em-

pyrean.

en, pro. and adv. [L. inde], of him, of her, of it, of them, some, anj", from it, from there, for that reason, on that account.

en, prep. [L. in], in, of, as, like. See note, 58, 26.

enchaînement, n. m. [en + chaîne], chaining, concaténation, sériés, connection.

enchanter, v. tr. [L. incantaré], to enchant, bewitcb, charm, fascinate.

enchanteur, adj. and n. m. [enchanter], enchanting ; enchanter ; fem.

enchanteresse.

enchâsser, v. tr. [en-\- châsse], enchase, enshrine, insert, introduce, set.

encombre, n. m. [L. in cumulus], impediment, hindrance, obstacle.

encombrer, v. tr. [encombre], to obstruct, encumber, embarrass.

encore, adv. [probably L. hanc -]• horam], still, yet, but again, still more, even then, and even, on5e more.

endormir, v. tr. [en + dormir], to put to sleep, lull asleep ; Rendormir, to fall asleep.

endroit, n. m. [en -f- droit], place, part, passage, point.

endurer, v. tr. [en-\- durer], to endure, bear, suffer.

enfance, n. f. [L. infantia], infancv, childhood.

enfant, n. m. and f. [L. infantern], infant, child.

enfer, n. m. [L. infernum], hell, infernal régions, (r is pronounced).

enfin, adv. [en-\-fin], at last, finally, in fine, in short, after ail.

enfiammer, v. tr. [L. injlammare], to inflame, beat, set on fire, kindle ; enflammé, burning.

! enfoncement, n. m, [L. enfoncer],

\ sinking, sinking down ; a recess.

î enfoncer, v. tr. [en-\-fond], to sink,

! drive in, thrust, bury, plunge.

I enfuir (s’), v. ref. [en-\-fuir], to flee,

I run away.

j engager, v. tr. [en-[-gnge], to engage,

I occupy, induce, pledge, bind ; s'engager, to be pledged, held fast.

VOCABÜLARY.

engin, n. m. [L. ingenium], machine, engine, implemeiit, tool, instrument.

enjambée, n. f. [enjamher], stride, stalk.

enjamber, v. tr. [en-\- jambe], to stride, stalk, project.

enlever, v. tr. [en-\-lever], to take off, remove, take away, lift, raise, kidnap.

ennemi, n. m. [L. inimicm], enemy, foe.

ennui, n. m. [L. inodio], weariness, tediousness, annoyance {en is nasal).

ennuyer, v. tr. [ennui], to tire, weary, annoy, bother, bore.

ennuyeux, euse, adj. [ennui], tiresome, wearisome, annoying, tedious.

énorme, adj. [L. enormis], enormous, large, huge, vast.

enquête, n. f. [L. inquisita], investigation, inquest, inquiry. • enrégistrer, v. tr. [registre], to enter in a register, register, enroll.

enseigne, n. f. [L.* insignia], sign, sign-board.

ensemble, adv. [L. in -\- simul], together; and n. in., whole, aggregate ensuite, adv. [en -f suite], afterwards, then, after, next.

entasser, v. tr. [en + tas], shove over, to heap, pile, hoard, accumulate.

entendre, v. tr. [L. intendere], to hear, understand, mean, require, expect.

enthousiasme, n. m. [Gr. ipdova-caa/j-ôç], enthusiasm, rapture, ecstacy.

enthousiasmer, v. tr. and intr.

[enthousiasme], to make one enthusiastic, become enthusiastic.

enthousiaste, adj. [enthousiasme], enthusiastic ; and n., an enthusiast.

entier, ère, adj. [L. integrum], entire, complété, whole, total.

entièrement, adv. [entier], entirely, completely, wholly, totally.

entourer, v. tr. ^entour], to surround, accompany, enclose.

entraîner, v. tr. [en + traîne}-], to drag, drag along, hurry along, draw, bring on.

entrave, n. f. [entraver— L. trabem], clog, obstacle, hindrance, impediment, shackle.

entre, prep. [L. intra], between, in, among.

entrée, n. f. [entrer], entrance, beginning, introduction, entry.

entrelacer, v. tr. [entre î- lacer], to

interlace, intervveave, intertwine, weave, braid.

entremise, n. f. [entre+mise], interposition, interférence, intervention, medium, agency.

entreprendre, v. tr. irreg. 53, [entre éprendre], to undertake, take in hand, attempt, adventure.

entreprise, n.f. [entreprendre], enterprise, concern, business, undertaking, attempt.

*entrer, v. intr. [L. intrare], to enter, go in, corne in, go in, step in, walk in.

entretenir, v. tr. irreg. il, [entre + tenir], to keep, keep in order, maintain, preserve ; converse with, entertain.

entr’ouvrir, v. tr. irreg. 10 [entre + ouvrir], to open slightly.

énumération, n. f. [L. enumerationein], énumération.

envahir, v. tr. [L. invadere], to invade, encroach upon, attack, beset, overrun.

envelopper, v. tr. [O. F. envoluper], to envelop, wrap, cover, fold, do up, environ, beset.

envers, prep. [L. inversas], towards, to ; d V envers. See note, 58, 11,

envie, n. f. [L. invidia], eny^y, wish, desire, inclination, longing ; avoir envie de, to wish ; porter envie à, to envy. envier, v. tr. [envie], to envy.

environ, adv. [en -+- virer], about, thereabouts.

environner, v. tr. [environ], to surround, beset, encompass, environ.

envoler(s), v. ref. [en-\- voler], to fiy off.

envoyer, v. tr. [L. in-\-via], to send, forward, transmit.

épanchement, n. m. [cppicher—h.* expandicare], overflow, effusion, pouring ont.

épargner, v. tr. [L. parcere, or Germ.

spare}}], to save, spare, économisé, lay up, lay by.

épars, e, adj. [L. epareus], scattercd, dispersed.

épaule, n. f, [L. spatula], shoulder.

épée, n. f. [L. spatha], sword.

éperdu, e, adj. [é+perdxe], distracted, desperate, dazcd, aghast.

épingle, n. f, [L. epinula], pin.

éponge, n. f. [L. spongia], sponge.

époque, n. f. [Gr. cttox»?], epoch, period, tinie, era.

VOCABÜLARY.

épouser, v. tr. [L. §ponsare\, to marry, wed, espouse.

épouvantable, adj. [épouvanter], frig'htful, dreadful, tremendous.

épouvante, n. f. [épouvanter], fright, terror, dismay, affright.

épouvanter, v. tr. [L. epaventare], to territy, frighten, appal, scare.

éprouver, v. tr. [é. -^-prouver], to feel, expérience, prove, try.

épuiser, v. tr. [é-\-puiser], to drain, exhaust. waste, spend, use up.

équilibre, n. m. [L. æquilibriuïn], equilibrium, equipoise, balance.

errer, v. intr. [L. errare], to wander, stray, ramble, rove, err.

erreur, n. f. [L. errorem], error, mistake, fault.

escalade, n. f. [It. scalata], scaling a Wall.

escalader, v. intr. [escalade], to climb over walls.

escalier, n. m. [L.* scalarmm], stairway, stairs, staircase, steps.

esclavage, n. m. [esclave], bondage, slavery.

esclave, n. m. or f. [L.* sclavus], slave, bond inan.

escouade, n. f. [It. squadra — L. ex-\quadrare], squad, posse, guard.

espace, n. m. [L. spatium], space, room, place, volume.

Espagne, n. f. [L. Hispania], Spain.

espèce, n. f. [L. species], species, kind, sort.

espérance, n. f. [espérer], hope, expectation, confidence.

espérer, v. tr. [L. sperare], to hope, hope for, expect, trust.

espion, n. m. [It. spione], spy ; see note, 11, 9.

espoir, n. m. [L. speres], hope, expectance.

esprit, n. m. [L. spiritus], spirit, mind, intellect, intelligence, wit.

essayer, v. tr. [essai- -L. exagium], to try, atteinpt, essaj^ essuyer, v. tr. [L. exsuccare], to wipe, wipe off ; sustain, expérience, undergo, endure, sufîer.

estampe, n. f. [It. stampa], print, engraving, eut, stamp.

estampille, n. f, [estampe], stamp, mark.

estimer, v. tr. [L. œstimare], to esteem.

estomac, n. m. [L. stomachus], stomach (c is silent).

établir, v. tr. [L. stabiUre], to establish, set up, settle, institute.

étage, n. m. [L.* staticum], story, fiat.

était, from être, imp. ind, 3rd sing.

éta’'age, n. m. [étaler — étal— O. H. G. stal], display (of goods), shop-front.

étant, from être ; près, part, étape, n. f. [L.* stapula — Fiera.

stapel], halting-place ; rations.

état, n.m. [L. status], state, condition, trade, statement, account, list ; en état de, capable of, able to.

été, n. m. [L. œstatem], summer.

été, from être ; past part, éteignit, from éteindre ; past def.

3rd sing.

éteindre, v. tr. irr. 40, [L. extingueré], to extinguish, put out (of fire), quench ; s’ éteindre, to go out.

éteint, from éteindre ; past part, étendre, v. tr [L. extendere], to extend, lengthen, prolong, spread, spread out, stretfh out, expand.

éternel, le, adj. [L. ceternalis], eternal, constant, everlasting, endless ; l’ Eternel, God.

éternellement, adv. [éternel], eternally, perpetually, constantly, to ail eternity.

éterniser, v. tr. [L. œtdrnus], to perpetuate, imraortalize.

éternité, n. f. L. œternitatem], eternity.

étinceler, v. intr. [L. scintillum], to sparkle, twinkle, glitter, flash.

étincelle, n. f. [L. scintilla], sparktwinkle, glitter, flash, étoffe, n. f. [Ger. stoff], stuff, material, cloth.

étoile, n. f. [L. Stella], star, étonnant, e, adj. [étonner], astonishing, surprising, wonderful, marvellous.

étonnement, n. m. [étonner], astonishment, amazement, wonder.

étonner, v. tr. [L. extonare], to astonish, amaze ; étonné de, astonished at ; s’étonner, to be astonished.

étouffer, v. tr. [L. eæ-l-Gr. Tv<f>oç], to stifle, choke, smother, sufifocate.

étourdi, e, adj. [p. p. of étourdir— h. extorpidire], stunned, giddy, dizzy, heedless, thoughtless, giddy-headed.

VOCABULARY

étrange, adj. [L. extraneus\ strange, odd, queer, uncouth.

étranger, ère, adj. [L.* extraneartMs], strange, unknown, foreign, outlandish ; and n., a stranger, foreigner.

être, V. intr. [L. esse, fin, and stare], to be ; n. m. being, créature.

étroit, e, adj. [L. strictus], narrow, straight, close, intimate.

étude, n, [L. stwdiwm], study; cahe~ net d'étude, study (room).

étudier, v. tr. [étude], to study.

étui, n. m. [M. H. G. stûche, a sheath], case, box, sheath, needle-case.

eut, from avoir ; ind. prêt. def.

eux, per. pro. [L. ülos], they, them.

évanouir (s’), v. ref. [L. ex + vanescere], to faint away, swoon, become unconscious ; vanish, disappear ; évanoui, in a swoon, unconscious.

éveiller, v. tr. [L.* exvigilare], to awaken, rouse, animate ; éveillé, wide awake.

événement, n. m. [It. evenimento — L. evenire], event, occurrence, emergency.

éventrer, v. tr. [é + ventre], rip up, break open, empty out, disembowel.

évidemment, adj. [évident], evidently, manifestly, plainly, no doubt.

évidence, n. f. [L. evidentia], évidence ; obviousness.

évident, e, adj. [L. evidentem], évident, plain, obvions.

éviter, v. tr. [B. evitare], to avoid, shun.

évocation, n. f. [L. evocationem], évocation, calling up.

évoquer, v. tr. [L. evocare], to evoke, call up, conjure up, raise up.

exact, e, adj. [L. exactus], exact, accurate, correct, punctual, précisé.

exactement, adv. [exact], exactly, punctually, promptly.

exactitude, n. f. [L.* exactitudo], exactness, punctuality, correctness, accuracy.

exaltation, n. f. [L. exaltationem], exaltation, excitement.

examen, n. m. [L. examen], examination, investigation, survey.

examiner, v. tr. [L. examinare], to examine, inquire into, survey.

exaspérer, v. tr. [L. exasperare], to exasperate, enrage, incense.

excellence, n. L [L. excellentia], ex-

cellence, excellency ; par excellence, eminently.

excellent, e, adj. [L. exceïlentem], excellent, good, kind,

exception, n. f. [L. exceptionem], exception.

excès, n. m. [L. excessus], excess, extreme, immoderation, violence.

excessif, ive, adj. [excès], excessive, extravagant, exorbitant.

exciter, v. tr. [L. excitare], to excite, provoke, inspire, rouse, stimulate.

excescivement, adv. [excessif], exceedingly, excessively.

exclamation, n. f. [L. exclamationem], exclamation.

excursion, n. f. [L. excursionem], excursion, inroad, trip ; disquisition.

exécrable, adj. [L. execrabilis], exécrable.

exécuter, v. tr. [L.*^ executare—L.

ex-\-secutus], to execute, do, make, effect, complété, carry out.

exécutif, ve, adj. [exécution], executive.

exécution, n. f. [L. exsecutionem], execution, performance, achievement.

exemplaire, n. m. [L.* exemplaris], model, pattern, copy. See note, 61, 11.

exemple, n. m. [L. exemplum], example, sample, pattern, copy, instance.

exercé, e, adj. [p. p. of exercé], practical, experienced.

exercer, v. tr. [L. exercere], to exercise, practise, exert.

exercice, n. m. [L. exercitium], exercise, practice, work, trick, feat.

exiger, v. tr. [L. exigere], to exact, require, demand, insist on.

exiler, v. tr. [0x11—11. exilium], to exile, banish.

existence, n. f. [exister], existence, position, life, being.

exister, v. intr. [L. existere], to exist, be, live.

expédition, n. f. [L. expeditionem], expédition.

expérience, n. f. [L. experientia], expérience, trial, experiment. See note, 49, 29.

expirer, v. intr. [L. exspirare], to expire, corne to an end, die, breathe one’s last.

explication, n. f. [L. explicationem], explanation.

expliquer, v. tr. [L. expUcare], to explain, expound, expre...s, déclaré.

VOCABULARY

exploit, n. m. [exploiter — h. explicitare\ exploit, feat, deed, achievement ; exploiter, to develop, work.

exposer, v. tr. [ex + poser], to expose, exhibic, show, put before, lay before, venture.

express, n. m. [Eng. express], express (train).

expression, n. f. [L. expressionem], expression.

exprimer, v. tr. [L. exprimere], to express, déclaré, utter.

extase, n. f. [Gr. ê/co-Tao-iç], ecstasy, rapture.

s’extasier, v. ref. [extase], to be enraptured.

extraordinaire, adj. [L. extraordinarius], extraordinary, wonderful (both a and 0 are pronounced .

extravagant, e, adj. [extravaguer], extravagant, wild.

extravaguer, v. intr. [L. extravagari], to talk idly, rave.

extrême, adj. [L.extrermis], extreme, utraost, excessive.

extrêmement, adv. [extrême], extremely.

extrémité, n. f. [L. extremitatem], extremity, end.

fabriquer, v. tr. [fabrique— 1,. fabrica], to manufacture, make, forge.

face, n. f. [L. faciès], front, face, aspect, countenance, surface ; en face de, opposite to.

fâcher, v. tr. [Prov. fastigar—h.

fastidium], to make angry, anger, provoke, vex ; se fâcher, to get angry.

fâcheux, euse, adj. [ fâcher], troublesome, annoying, vexations.

facile, adj. [L. facilis], easy, natural, facile, yielding.

facilement, adv. [facile], easily, naturally, readily.

facilité, n. f. [L. facilitatem], facility, ease, readiness, capacity.

faciliter, v. tr. [It. facilitai'e], to facilitate, make easy.

façon, n. f. [L. factionem], fashion, way, manner, make, workmanship ; faire des façons, to stand on ceremony.

facteur, n. m. [L. factorem], maker, factor; postman, letter-carrier.

faction, n. f. [L. factionem], faction ; sentry-duty.

faculté, n. f. [L. facultatem], faculty, talent, ability, power.

fagot, n. m. [der. ?], fagot, bundle.

faiblesse, n. f. [faible— L. flebilis], feebleness, weakness, faioting, defect.

faillir, v. intr. irreg. [h.fallere], to fail, err, corne short, be on the point of, be ail but, corne near.

fainéant, e, adj. [fait-\-néant], idle, lazy, slothf ul, sluggish, useless, worthless ; and n., lazybones, sluggard.

faire, v. tr. [L. facere], to make, do, cause, say, give, go (a distance) ; faire peur, to frighten ; faire rage, to rage ; faire le mort {la morte), to prétend to be dead ; se faire, to happen.

faiseur, n. m. [ faire], maker.

fait, n. m. [L. factum], fact, case, cause, affaire ; un fait accompli, an established fact ; en fait de, in the matter of ; de fait, in reality ; sur le fait, in the act ; tout à fait, quite.

faîte, n. m. [L. fastigium], summit, top, apex.

falloir, V. impersonal irreg. [It.f aller e], to fail, be wanting, be necessary ; must, ought, be obliged.

fameux, euse, adj. [L. famosus], famous, celebrated, renowned, notorious.

familiarité, n. f. [L. fumiliaritatem], faniiliarity.

familier, ère, adj. [L. familiaris], familiar, free, intimate, unconstrained.

famille, n. f. [L. familia], family, kindred.

fange, n. £. [L. famire], mud, mire, slime.

fantaisie, n. f. [Gr. ^avraa-ia], fancy, imagination, whim.

fantastique, adj. [L. fantasticus], fantastic, fanciful.

fasse, from faire, près. subj.

fantôme, n. m. [L. phantasma], phantom, image, sbade, ghost, spectre, farce, n. f. [L. farsus], farce, fardeau, n. m. [der. ?], burden.

fatal, e, adj. [L. fatalis], fatal, fatigant, e, adj. [ fatiguer], fatiguing, toilsome, irksome, tiresome.

fatiguer, V. tr. [h. fat ig are], to tire, fatigue, weary, harass : fatigué, tired.

faute, n. f. [L.* fallita — L. f aller e], fault, mistake, blâme, error, scarcity ; faute de, for want of.

fauteuil, n. m. [L.* faldestolium], arm-chair.

faux, fausse, adj. [L. falsus], false, untrue, wrong, spurious, insincere.

VOCABULARY

faveur, n. f. [L. favorem], favour, boon, interest.

favorable, adj. [L. favordblis], favorable, suitable, propitious.

favori, te, adj. [It favoriio- -h.

/avéré], favorite, pet.

feinte, n. f. [ feindre], feint, pretence, dissimulation.

feint, e, adj. [p. p. of feindre— L.

fingere], feigned, preteuded, false.

félicité, n. f. [L. felicitatem], felicity, bliss, happiness.

féliciter, v. tr. [L. felicitare], to cong'ratulate.

femme, n. f. [L. femina], womani wife.

fendre, v. tr. [L. fendere], to split, cleave, rive, rip, burst.

fenêtre, n. f. [L. fenestra], window.

fer, n. m. [L. fe^Tian], iron, sword, horse-shoe ; plu. ch'ains, fetters, bondage. ferait, from faire, fut. imp. 3rd sing. fer-blanc, n. m. [ fer blanc], tin.

ferme, adj. [L. firmus], firm, stout, fermement, adv. [fei-me], firmly, stoutly.

fermer, v. tr. and intr. [L. firmare], to close, shut.

fermeté, n. f. [L. Jerme], finnness, strengtb, constancy, stability, solidity.

féroce, adj. [L. ferocem], ferocio\is.

savage, lierce.

fertile, adj. [L. fertilis], fertile, fête, n. f. [L. testa], festival, bol day, célébration.

fêter, v. tr. [fête], to feast, welcome, celebrate, entertain.

feu, n. m. [L. focns], tire, flanie ; enfeu, on tire, ablaze.

feuillag-e, n. m. [feuille], foliage, leaves.

feuille, n. f. [L. folia], leaf, sheet. feuilleter, v. tr. [feadllc], to turn the pages, run throngh, peruse.

fibre, n. f. [L. fihra], fibre, filament, nerve.

ficher, v. tr. [L. figere], to drive in, thrust in, pin, fasten.

fidèle, adj. [ fidelis], faithful, true, loyal, trust}’.

fier (se), v. ref. [L.* fidare], to trust to, rely on, put one’s trust in.

fièvre, n. f. [L. febris], fever, restlessness.

figure, n. f. [L. figura], face, figure,

form, shape ;/aire figure, to make a show. See note, 54, 23.

fil, n. m. [L. filum\ thread, string ; fil de fer, wire. (Fronounce the l.)

file, n. f. [ fil ], row, rank, file ; à la file, in file.

fin, e, adj. [L. finitus], fine, délicate. See note, 84, 15.

filet, n. m. [fil ], thread, net, snare. fille, n. f. [L. filia], girl, daughter, maid, lass.

fin, n. f. [L. finis], end, last, conclusion, object, aim.

finir, V. tr. [L. finire], to finish, end, complété, terminate.

fit, ixom faire, ind. pas^ def. 3rd sing. fixe, adj. [L. fixas], fixed, steady, settled, staring, transfixed.

fixer, V. tr. [fixe], to fix, fasten, settle.

flambeau, n. m. [fiambe—h. fiammula], torch, taper, flambeau.

flamme, n. f. [L. fiamma\ flame, blaze, fire, light.

flatter, v. tr. [O. F. Flater, Scand.], to flatter, caress, endear, coax, fawn on.

flatteur, se, adj. [fiatter], flattenng, endeaving, coaxing ; and n., flatterer.

fléchir, V. tr. and intr. [L. fiectere], to bend, give way, } ield, waver.

fleur, n. f. [L. fiorem], flower.

fleuve, n. m. [h.fiuvius], river, flocon, n. m. [L. floccus], flake, floek, tnft, wreath, curl (of smoke).

flore, n. f. [Ij.fiora], flora.

florin, n. m, [\t. fiorino], florin, flot, n m. [L. fiuctus], wave, billow, flood, surge, tide.

flotter, V. intr. [flot], to float, wave hover, waft.

fluide, adj. and n. [L. fluidtis], fluid, liq uid.

flûte, n. f. [Miter, h* flavta], flûte, foi, n. f. [L. fidem], faith, trust, belief, fidelily. crédit; Ma fui! Indeed ! faith! bless me 1 etc.

fois, n. f. [L. vice], time ; à la fois, at once.

folie, n. f. [fol], folly, madness, lunacy, foolish thing, foolish action, nonsense.

folle, see fou.

fond, n. m. [L fund%is], bottom, foundation, far end, back, background; fund; au fond de, in the depths of ; de fond en comble, from top to bottom.

fondement, n. m. \lj.fundamentum\ foundation.

fonder, v. tr. [L. fundare\, to found, erect, lay the foundation of, ground.

fondre, v. tr, [L. jundere}, to melt, burst,

fondrière, n. f. [O. F. fondrer—fond], bog, quaginire, slough.

fontaine, n. f. [h.* fontana], fountain, spring.

force, n.f. fortia—L. foriis], force, strength, might, power, energy.

forcené, e, adj. [ for (L. forts, ‘ oiit of ’) +0. H. G. sin, ‘sense’], mad, furious, infuriated, enraged, possessed.

forcer, v. tr, [force], to force, force open, compel, constrain, oblige, forêt, n, f, [L,* foresta — L, foris], forest, woodland,

forme, n, f, [L, forma], form, shape, mould, frame, make, variety, formel, le, adj. [h. formalis], formai, express, précisé, explicit.

former, v. tr. [L. formctre], to form, make, fashion, mould.

fort, e, adj. [L, fortis], strong, loud, hard, high, stout, severe ; and adv., very, very much.

fortement, adv, [fort], strongly, vigorously, forcibly.

fortune, n. f, [L, fortuna], fortune, chance, risk, hazard.

fosse, n. f. [L./ossa], pit, hole, grave, chasm.

fossé, n. m. {L* fossatum—L. fossa], ditch.

fou, folle, adj. follus—L. follis, a bellows], mad, insane, senseless, foolish, crazy, wild.

foudre, n. f. and m. [L. fulgunm], thunder, lightning. See note, 3, 31.

fouet, n. m. [L. fagus], whip.

fouetter, v. tr. [fouet], to whip, lash, flog, scourge. See note, 8, 22.

fouiller, v. tr. [L."^ fodiculare—Jj.

fodicare], to dive, search, pry into, ransack.

foule, n. î. [fouler], crowd, throng, mob.

fouler, V. tr. [L.'*^ fullare, to full cloth], to tread, trample.

fourbe, n. m. [It. furho], a cheat, swindler, scamp, scoundrel.

fourmiller, v. intr. [L.* formiculare], to swarm, aljound.

foyer, n. m. [L. focarium—L. focus], fireside, hearth, home.

fracas, n. m. [ fracasser— It. fracassare], crash, noise, din, bustle, fuss.

fraction, n. f. [L. fractionem], breaking, fraction.

fragment, n. m. [L. fragmentum], fragment.

frais, fraîche, adj., [L.* frescus— Teut. fresc], fresh, new, sweet.

franc, franche, adj. [L * francus], frank, candid, open, sincere.

franc, n. m. [Francorum Rex, the old superscription], a franc (the standard French coin, of the value of about 19 cents).

franchement, adv. [ franc], frankly.

franchir, v. tr. [ franc ], to leap over, step over, cross.

franchise, v. tr. [ franc ], franchise, exemption ; frankness, candor, sinceritj’.

frapper, v. tr. and intr. [Scand.

hrappa, to handle roughly], to strike, knock, rap, hit, slap, smite.

frayeur, n. f. [L.frigorem], fright, dread, terror, fear.

frêle, adj. [L. fragilis], frail, faint, weak, fragile, délicate.

frémir, v. intr. [L. fremere], to shudder, tremble, qui ver, shake, vibrate, shiver, moan.

frémissement, n. m. [ frémir], shudder, tremor, quiver, trembling.

fréquent, e, [L. frequentem], frequent.

frisson, n. m. [L. frictionem], shiver, shudder. See notes, 2, 33 ; 3, 26.

frissonner, v. intr. [frisson], to shudder, shiver.

froid, adj. [L. frigidus], cold, cool, chiily, indiffèrent ; and n. m., cold, cold weather.

froidement, adv. [froid], coldly, frigidly, lifelessly, indifferently.

froisser, v. tr. [L.* frictiare], to bruise, strike, dash, hurt, offend.

front, n. m. [L. jrontem], forehead, brow, head.

fruit, n. m. [L. fructus], fruit, fuir, V. tr. [L. fugere], to flee, shun, avoid, run away, éludé.

fuite, n. f. [fui7'], flight, évasion, running away.

funeste, adj. [fL. funestus], fatal, sad, melancholy, calamitous, malign, baleful.

fureter, v. intr. T;.* furetus — Bret.

fùr], to ferret, search, rummage.

VOCABULARY

fureur, n. f. [L. furorem], fury, madness, rage, wildness, mania, passion.

furieux, euse, adj. [L. furiosus\ furious, fierce, enraged.

fusion, n. f. [L, fusîonem], fusion, melting, blending; mettre en fusion, to melt.

fut, from être, ind. past def. 3rd sing. futur, e, adj. [L. futwrus}, future; n. f., future; future wife: n, m., future husband.

fuyant, îvom. fuir, près. part.

gâche, n. f. [der. ?], staple.

gageure, n. f. [gager— L* wadiare\ wager. See note, 91, 25.

gagner, v. tr. [O. H. G. weidangan, to pasture cattle], to gain, earn, win, seize, catch, reach, overcome, win over.

gai, e, adj. [O. H. G. gâhi], gay, bright, merry, cheerful, pleasant.

gaiement, adv. [gai\, gayly, cheerfully, merrily.

gaillard, e, adj. and noun [Bret.

gnlloud (?)], a merry, jovial, or ligbtiiearted fellow ; a gay one.

gala, n. m. [It. gala — Goth. gailjan], gala ; un jour de gala, a festive day, a holiday.

galamment, adv. {galant], gallantly.

galant, e, adj. [A. S. gai], honest, upright, civil, attentive, générons, liberal, courteous, genteel.

gamin, n. m. [Ger. gemein], Street boy, urchin.

garçon, n. m. [dim. of gars], boy, lad; bachelor; waiter.

garde, n. m. [garder], guard, keeper, warder, watchman ; garde de nuit, night watchman; n. f., guard, Watch, care.

garder, v. tr. [O. H. G. warten], to keep, retain, occupy, guard, protect, préserve.

gardien, n. m. [garder], guardian; gardien de la paix, policeman ; fem., gardienne.

garnir, v. tr. [A. S. xvarinan] to furnish, stock ; adorn, decorate, ornament ; provide.

gâter, V. tr. [L. vastare^, to spoil, destroy, damage, hurt, injure, impair, taint, dépravé.

gauche, adj. [O. F. gale, of Teut.

origin, meaning primitively ‘ weak’], left ; crooked, clumsy , awkward; and n.f., the left.

gaze, n. f. [Gaza, in Palestine], gauzc.

gazette, n. f. [It. gazetta], gazette.

gazouillement, n. m. [gazouiller— O. F.gaziller— gazer— 'Pvoy. Scand.

gassi, ‘a prattler’], chirping, warbling, prattling, bubbling.

gênant, e, adj., près. part, of gêner [gêne — Gehenne — Hebrew geia himon], fatiguing, tiresome.

général, e, adj. [L. generalis], general, common ; n. m., a general.

généralement, adv. [général], generally, in general.

génération, n. f. [L. generationem], génération, descent.

généreux, euse, adj. [L. generosus], générons, noble ; liberal, bountiful.

génie, n. m. [L. genius], genius, spirit.

genou, n. m. [L. genuculum, dim. of genu], knee ; plu., genoux.

genre, n. m. [L. genere-a\A. of genus], genus, kind, race, sort, fashion, taste, style, manner.

gens, n. plu. m. or f. [L. gentem], people, persons, hands, men, folk, servants, attendants. See II., n.

gentilhomme, n. m. [gentil— Ij. gentilis homme], nobleman, gentleman, squire.

géométrie, n. f. [L. geometria], geometry.

géométrique, adj. [géométrie] geometrical.

gésir, V. intr. irreg. defective, 14 [L. jacere], to lie.

geste, n. m. [L. gestus], gesture, movement, action, sign.

gesticuler, v. intr. [L. gesticulare], to gesticulate.

gibier, n. m. [der. ? 1, game.

girouette, n. f. [O. F. girer—L.

gyrare], weathercock, vane.

gisent, from gésir, ind. près. 3rd. plu.

glace, n. f. [L.* glacia — L. glacies], ice, mirror, glass.

glacé, e, adj. [glacer— glace], frozen, icy, ice-cold.

glisser, v. tr. and intr. [Neth. glisten], to slide, glide, slip, glance.

globe, n. m. [L. glohus], globe, sphere, orb.

globulaire, adj. [glohule—li. globulus], globulai’.

gloire, n. f. [L. gloria], glor}', famé, pride.

VOCABULARY

glorieux, euse, adj. [L. glonoaus], glorious.

gorge, n. f. [L. gurges], throat.

gouffre, n m. [It. golfo—OrV. koAitoç], gulf, Whirlpool.

goût, n. m. [L. gustus], taste, liking, relish ; style, fashiun.

goûter, V. tr. [goût], to taste, enjoy, approve of.

goutte, n. f. [L. gutta], drop ; goût, gouvernante, n. f. [gouverner— L.

gubernare], governess, housekeeper.

grâce, n. f. [L. gratia], grâce, favor, pardon ; charm, favour, beauty, gracefulness ; thanks.

grain, n. m. [L. granum], grain, graisse, n. f. [gras—lt. crassus], fat, fatness, grease, tallow.

grand, e, adj. [L. grandis], great, grand, tall, high, big, huge.

grandeur, n. f. [grand], greatness, gize, bulk, grandeur.

*tgrandir, v. intr. [L. grandiré], to grow, grow up, încrease.

gratitude, n. f. [L. gratitude], gratitude.

gratuit, e, adj. [L. gratuüus], gratuituous, freely given.

grave, adj. [L. gravis], grave, serious, solemn, weighty, heavy.

gravement, adv. [grave], gravely, seriously, soberly, heavily.

gravir, v. tr. [L.* grad^re—L. gradus], to cliinb, ascend, clamber, crawl up.

gravité, n. f. [L. gravitatem], gravity, seriousness, importance.

gré, n. m. [L. gratum], wish, liking, pleasure ; mind. See note, 60, 27.

grenier, n. m. [L. granarium], garret, granary, loft.

grenouille, n. f. [L. ranuncAda], frog.

grès, n. m. [O. H. G. gries], sandstone, stoneware, grit.

grille, n. f. [L. craticula], grating, railing, grate, grate-work.

griller, v. tr. and intr. [grille], to broil, toast.

grillon, n. m. [L. grillus], cricket, grimper, v. tr. [Da. grippen], to cliinb, clamber up.

grogner, v. intr. [L. grunnire], to grunt, growl, grumble.

grommeler, v. intr. [O. H. G. grummeln], to grumble, growl, mutter, grunt. gronder, v. tr. and intr. [L.* grun-

dare], to scold, growl, grumble, mutter, snarl.

gros, grosse, adj., [L. grossus], large, big, great, bulky, loud, rough, heavy, thick ; en gros. See note, 49, 8.

grosseur, n. f. [gros], size, bulk, largeness, swelling.

grossier, ère, adj, [gros], gross, coarse, rough, rude.

grossièrement, adv. [grossier], rudely, roughly, clumsily.

grossierté, n f. [grossier], coarseness, grossness, roughness, churlishness, scurrility.

groupe, n. m. [It. groppo], group, cluster.

guêpe, n. f. [L. vespa], wasp.

guérir, v. intr. [Goth. warjan], to cure, heal.

guerre, n f. [O. H. G. werroi], war, warfare.

guerrier, n. m. [guerre], warrior.

guet, n. m. [guetter], watch, watching, sentinel ; faire le guet, to watch, be on guard.

guêtre, n. f. [of Teut. origin— M. H.

G. wester—Goth. wasti], gaiter.

guetter, v. tr. [O. H. G. wahtan], to lie in wait for, watch for, dog.

guirlande, n. f. [Tt. ghirlanda], garland, wreath, girdle.

gymnastique, adj. L. gymnastieus], gymnastic ; and n. f., gymnastics, feat of gymnastics.

h aspirate is marked thus t.

habile, adj. [L. hahilis], clever, able, skilful, expert, quick, sharp, capable.

habileté, n. f. [L. [hahilitatem], cleverness, skill, ability.

habillement, n. m. [habiller], dress, suit of clothes, clothing, attire.

habiller, v. tr. [L. habilis], to dress, clothe ; s’habiller, to put on one’s clothes, dress.

habit, n. m. [L. habitus], coat, dress ; plu. clothes.

habitation, n. f. [L. habitationem].

habitation, dwelling, place of abode.

habiter, v, tr. and intr. [L. habitaré] to in habit, live in, dwell in, frequent.

habitude, n f. [L. habitudinem], habit, custom, use.

thacher, v. tr. [hache — O. H. G. hacco], to chop, hew, eut to pièces, hash, mince.

VOCABULARY

thagard, e. adj. [L.* haaa—0. H. G.

haga, ‘ hedge ’ ; orifirinally faucon hagard, a hedsre-falcon, i.e., an untrained falcon], haggard, wild.

thaine, n. f [/laïr— Teut. — A. S.

hatian], hatred, hâte.

thaleine, n. f. [O. F. anelare, ‘to breathe ’ — L. anhelai e], breath.

thaletant, [près. part, of haleter — L.

halitare], panting, ont of breath, gasping, puffing.

mardi, e, adj. [past part, of O. F.

hardir — O. H. G. hartjan], bold, daring, hardy, intrepid.

thardiesse, adj. [hardi], boldness, hardihood, learlessness, assurance.

thardiment, adv. [hardi], boldlj^, fearlessly.

harmonie, n. f. [L. harmonia], harmony, unison, unity, concord.

tharpe, n. f. [L. harpa], harp.

thasard, n. m. [Arab. al-sar, dice], hazard, chance, risk.

[hasarder, v. tr. [/msard], to hazard, venture, stake, risk ; se hasarder, to hazard, venture.

thâte, n. f. [Ger. hast], haste, hurry ; à la hâte, in a hurry, in h^ste.

[hausser, v. tr. [L.* altiare — L. altus], to raise, shrug (the .sho\;lders).

[haut, e, adj. [L. altus'], high, tall, lofty, upper, loud ; adv., high, loudly, aloud ; là-haut, up there ; and n. ni., height, top, sunimit.

[hauteur, n. f. height, emin-

ence ; haughtiness, superciliousness.

hébété, e, adj. [L. hebetare], stupid, stupified.

hélas, inter, [hé + l<>s\, alas ! ah!

herbe, n. f. [L. /icr&a], herb, plant, grass.

Hercule, Hercules.

héritage, n. m. [hériter— h. heriditare], inheritance, héritage, héroïsme, n. m. [héros], heroism.

[héros, n. m. [L. héros], hero hésitation, n. f. [L. hæsitationem], hésitation, stammering, faltering.

hésiter, v. intr. [L. hœsitaré], to hesitate, falter, stop, waver.

Hespérie. Hesperîa. See note, 8, 59.

hétérogène, adj. [Gr. êTepoyei^îjç], heterogeneous, incongruous, dissimilar.

heure, n. f. [L. hora], hour, time; |

tout à l’heure, a moment ago, a moment before, a moment after, presently, bye and bye.

heureux, euse, adj. [O. F. heur— I/, auguriurn], happy, lucKy, fortunate, auspicious, prospérons.

hirondelle, n. f. [L. hirundo], swallow.

[hisser, v tr, [Ger. hissen], to hoist, heave, haul up.

histoire, n. f. [L. histo^'ia], history, story, taie.

hiver, n. m. [L. hibernus], winter (r is prono unced).

[hochet, n. m. [hocher — Fl em. hotsen], coral, rattle, toy, plaything.

Homère. Homer. See note, 84, 23.

. hommage, n. m. [L.* hominaticum], homage, service, token, gift.

homme, n. m. [L. hominem], man.

honnête, adj. [L. honestus], honest, decent, respectable, courteous, reasonable.

honneur, n. m. [L. honorem], honor, crédit.

honorer, v. tr. [L. honorare], to honor.

[honte, n. f. [O. H. G. hônida], shame, disgrâce, scandai, infamy.

[honteux, euse, adj. [honte], shameful, disgraceful, ashamed, discreditable.

[horde, n. f. [Turk. ordû, a camp— Pers. ordu], horde.

horizon, n. m. [Gr. option'], horizon, sky.

horreur, n. f. [L. horrorem], horror.

horrible, adj. [L. horribilis], horrible, frightful, hideous, dreadful, shocking.

[hors, prep. [O. ¥. fors— h. foras], out, beyond ; but, except, save ; hors de moimême, beside myself.

hôtel, n. m. [L.* hospitale], mansion, hôtel, résidence.

[huit, num. adj. [L. octo], eight(f silent before consonants).

humain, e, adj. [L. humanus], human.

humanité, n. f. [L. humanitatem], humanity, human nature.

humble, adj. [L. humilis], humble, lowly, meek.

humblement, adv, [humble], humbly, lowly, meekly.

humeur, n. f. [L. humorem], humor, temper, bad temper, caprice.

VOCABULARY

liumide, adj. [L. humidus\, moist, damp, wet, watery.

humiliation, n. f. [L. humiliationem], humiliation, abasement.

hypocrite, n. m, [L. hypocrita], hypocrite ; and adj., hypocritical.

ici, adv. [L. ecce+Mc], here ; now.

idéal, e, adj. and n. m. [L. idealis], idéal.

idée, n. f. [L. idea], idea, notion, thought, fancy.

ignorant, e, adj. [L. ignoraritem], ignorant, illiterate ; and n., one who does not know ; an ignoranius.

ignorer, v. tr. [L. ignorare], to be ignorant of, not to know.

il, pers. pro, mas. [L. ille], he, it, there. île, n. f. [L. insula], island, isle.

illuminer, v. tr. [L. iUuminare], to light up, illuminate, shine on, enlighten.

illusion, n. f [L. ülusionem], illusion, fancy, déception.

illustre, adj. [L. ülustris], illustrions, notable, ils, plu. of il.

image, n. f. [L. imaginem], image, likeness, picture, resemblance.

imaginable, adj. [L.* imaginabüis], imaginable.

imaginaire, adj. [L. imaginarius], imaginary, visionary.

imagination, n. f. [L. îmaginationem\, imagination, fancy, conceit.

imaginer (s), v. ref. [L. imaginari], to fancy, imagine, think.

imiter, v. tr. [L. imüarï\, to imitate, copy, mimic, take off.

immense, adj. [L. immensü'], immense, vast, huge, infinité, boundless.

immensité, n. f. [L. immensitatem], immensity, infiniteness.

immobile, adj. [L. immobilis], motionless, immovable.

immobilité, n f. [L. immobilüatem], immobility.

immortalité, n. f. [L. immortalitatem\, immortality.

immortel, le, adj. [L. immortalis], immortal.

imparfait, e, adj. [L. impjerfectus], imperfect.

impartial, e, adj. [im\ partial — L.* partialis—h. partem^, impartial.

impartialité, n. f. {impartiaï\, impartiality.

impatienter, v. tr. [impatient — L.

impatientemi], to make impatient, put out of patience ; s'impatienter, to get out of patience, lose patience.

imperceptible, adj. [im+ perceptible — L.* perceptibilis], imperceptible.

imperfection, n. f. [L. imperfectionem] imperfection, flaw, defect, shortcoming.

implacable, adj. [L. implacabilis], implacable.

importer, v. intr., imp. [L. impnrtare\, to import, be of moment, concern, matter, signify. See note, 69, 27.

imposer, v. tr. [im-\-poser], to impose, enjoin.

impossible, adj. [L. impossibilis], impossible.

impossibilité, n. f. [L. irnpossibilitatem], impossibility.

impraticable, adj. [im, pratiquer], impracticable ; unmanageable.

impression, n. f. [L. impressionem], impression, impress, imprint.

imprévu, e, adj. [im, prévu], unforeseen, unlooked for, unexpected.

imprimerie, n. f. [imprimer-~L.

imprimere], printing office, printing.

improviser, v. tr. [It. improvisare], to improvise, make extempore.

improviste (à 1’), adv. phrase [It.

improoisto'], on a sudden, unexpectedly.

imprudence, n. f. [L. imprudentia], imprudence, indiscrétion.

impuissance, n. f. [impuissant], impotence, incapacity, poweiiessness.

impuissant, e, adj [im+ puissant], impotent, powerless; andn., a weakling.

impulsion, n. f. [l^, imputsionem], impulse, impulsion, impetus, suggestion.

inadvertence, n. f. [L.* inadvertantia], inadvertence, oversight.

inaltérablement, adv. [inaltérable — altérer], inalterably, unchangeably, invariably.

inattendu, e, adj. [hi^ attendu— attendre], unexpected, x;nforeseen.

incapable, adj. [in-\-capablé], incapable, unable.

incartade, n. f. [Sp. encartada], thoughtless insult, prank, folly.

incendie, n. m. [L. incemUxim], fire, conflagration.

inclination, n. f. [L. incUnaiionem],

VOCABÜLART.

inclination, bow, stoopinff, bias, attachment, passion.

incliner, v. tr. [L. inclinare\ to incline, stoop, bow, bend ; sHncliner, yield, give in, incline, bend.

incohérent, e, adj. [L. incohærentem\, incohérent.

incommensurable, v. tr. [L. incommensurabilis], incommensurable, illimitable.

incommoder, v. tr. [L. incommodare], to incommode, inconvenience, trouble, annoy, disturb.

inconnu, e, adj. [in-\-connu — p. p.

of connaître], unknown.

inconséquence, n. f. [L. inconsequentia], inconsistency.

incontinent, e, adj. [L. incontinentem], incontinent ; adv. at once, immediately.

inconvénient, e, adj. [L. inconvenientem], inconvénient, unsuitable, troublesome : and n. m., inconvenience.

indépendant, e, adj. [in, dépendant], independent.

Indes, prop. n. f. plu., India, index, n. m. [L. index], index ; forefinger.

indice, n. m. [L. indidum], indication, token, sign, mark.

indifféremment, adv. [indifférent], indiff«rently, without distinction.

indifférence, n. f. [L. indifferentia], indifférence, unconcern.

indifférent, e, adj. [L. indifferentem], indifferent, careless, unconcerned, and n., an indifferent, careless one.

indignation, n. f. [L. indignationem], indignation.

indiquer, v. tr. [L. indicare], to indicate, point out, show, direct, appoint.

individu, n. m. [L. mdividuus], individual.

indolent, e, adj. [L. indolentem], indolent, sluggish, slothful.

industrie, n. f. [L. indmtria], industry, business ; skill, ingenuity.

inépuisable, adj. [in, épuiser], inexhaustible.

inévitable, adj. [L. inevitahilis], inévitable, unavoidable.

inexprimable, adj. [in-\-expritner], inexpressible, unspeakable, unutterable.

infaillible, adj. [faillir], infallible.

infatigable, adj. [L. infatigahlis], indefatigable, unwearying.

infernal, e, adj. [L. infemalis], infernal, hellish.

infidèle, adj. [L. infidelis], faithless, dishonest, unfaithful, untrue.

infidélité, n. f. [L. infidelitatem], unfaithfulness, faithlessness, dishonesty, infidelity.

infini, e, adj. [L. injinitits], infinité, infiniment, adv. [infini], infinitely, without end, extremely.

infiammation, n. f. [L. infiammationem], infiammation.

infiuence, n. f. [L.* influentia], influence, sway.

infiuer, v. intr. [L. inflvsre], to influence, sway, hâve influence. See note, 49, 5.

in-folio, n. m. [L. in -{■ folio], folio, information, n. f. [L. informationem], inquiry, inquest, investigation.

infortune, n. f. [L. infortunium], misfortune, adversity.

infortuné, e, adj. [L. in, fortunatus], unfortunate, ill-fated.

ingénieux, se, adj. [L. ingeniosus], ingénions.

injuste, adj. [L. injustus], unjust.

injustement, adv. [injuste], unjustly.

inhérent, e, adj. [L. inhœrentem], inhérent.

innocence, n. f. tL. Innocentia], innocence, guiltlesstiess, inoffensiveness.

innocent, e, adj. [L. innocentem], innocent, harmless, inoffensive, simple.

innombrable, adj.[L.iw?MimeraMWs],

innumerable, numberless, countless.

inonder, v. tr. [L. inundare], to inundate, overflow, deluge, overrun, overspread, pour into, overwhelm.

inopinément, adv. [inopiné — L.

inopinatus], unawares, unexpectedly.

inquiet, été, adj. [L. inquietus], uneasy, restless, disturbed, anxious.

inquiéter, v. tr. [L. inqaietare], to disquiet, trouble, make uneasy, disturb ; s'inquiéter {de), to be anxious (about), insecte, n. m. [L. insectum], insect.

insensible, adj, [L. insensiUlis], insensible, unconscious, unfeeling, hardhearted, imperceptible. See note, 65, 23.

insensiblement, adv. [insensible], insensibly, imperceptibly, gradually.

insipide, adj. [L. insipidus], insipid, unsavory, tasteless, flat.

insolemment, adv, [insolent— L. insolentern], insolently, impudently, saucily.

VOOABÜLARY.

inspirer, v. tr. [L. inspiraré], to inspire, breathe, suggest, prompt, instil, inhale.

instant, n. m. [L. instantem], instant, moment, trice.

instruction, n. f. [L. instructionem], éducation, instruction, information.

instruire, V. tr. irreg. 37 [L. instruere], to instruct, teach, inform, train.

insurger (s), v. ref. [L. insurgere\, to lise in rébellion, rebel.

insurgent, n. m. [L. insurgentemi, insurgent.

insurrection, n. f. [L. insurrectionem] insurrection, rising.

intact, e, adj. [L. intactus], intact, xmtouched, entire, whole.

intégrité, n. f. [L. integritatem], integrity, uprightness, soundness.

intélligence, n f. [L. intelligentia], intelligence, intellect, understanding.

intelligent, e, adj. [L. intelUgentem], intelligent, sharp.

intempérance, n. f. [L. intemperantia], intempérance, excess.

intempérie, n. f. [L. intempéries], inclemency.

intensité, n. f. [intense — L. intensus], intensity, intenseness, being strained.

intention, n. f. [L. intentionem], intention, purpose ; sake, benefit.

intercepter, v. tr, [L* interceptare], to intercept.

intéressant, e, adj. [intéresser— L.

interesse], interesting.

intéresser, v. tr. [L. intéressé], to interest'; s’intéresser à, to be inter ested in.

intérêt, n. m. [L. interest], interest, concern, share.

intérieur, e, adj. [L. interiorem], interior, inner, inward, internai; and n., interior,

interroger, v. tr. [L. interrogxre], to interrogate, question, consult.

interrompre, v. tr, [L. interrumpere], to interrupt, break up, eut off.

intime, adj. [L. intimus], intimate, inmost, hearty, keen, bitter.

intrépide, adj. [L. intrepidus], intrepid,bold, undaunted, resol ute, fearless.

introduction, n. f. [L. introductionem], introduction, preamble.

introduire, v. tr. irreg. 37. [L, mtroducere], to introduce, admit, let in, show in, conduct.

inutile, adj. [L. inutilis], useless, fruitless, unavailing, of no use.

inutilement, adv. [inutile], uselessly, to no purpose.

inutilité, n. f. [L. inutilitatem], uselessness, futility.

inventaire, n. m. [L, inventarium], inventory.

inventer, v. tr. [L.* inventare], to invent, contrive, find out, devise.

invention, n. f. [L. inventionem], invention, contrivance, device.

inverse, adj. [L. inversits], inverse, opposite, inverted,

invincible, adj. [L. invincibilis], invincible, unconquerable.

invisible, [L. invisibiUs], invisible, invitation, n. f. [L. invitationem], invitation.

inviter, v. tr. [L. invitare], to invite, request, bid, attract, tempt.

invoquer, v. tr. [L. invocare], to invoke, call upon, cry unto, appeal to.

irais, from aller ; imp. fut. Ist and 2nd sing.

irriter, v. tr. [L. irritare], to irritate, annoy, excite, exasperate,incense, enrage.

issue, n. f. [mit— L. exire], issue, egress, outlet, end.

Italie, n. f. [L. Italia], Italy.

italien, ne, adj. \L.Italianus], Italian ; un Italien, an Italian.

ivre, adj. [L. ebrius], drunk, drunken, intoxicated, inebriated.

ivresse, n. f. [ivre], drankenness, intoxication.

jadis, adv. [L. jam-\-dies], formerly, of old {s is pronounced).

jalousie, n. f. [jaloux— h. zelosus], jealousy, fear, umbrage.

jamais, adv. [L. jam v mugis], ne ver,

ever ; ne jamais, never.

jambe, n. f. [L.* gamba], leg.

jardin, n. m. [Ger. garten], garden.

jaser, v. intr. [Prov. <7asar— Scand.

gassi, a ‘ prattler’], to prate, chat, chatter, tattle, gabble.

jaune, adj. [L. galbmus], yellow.

j©, j*» Pei’- Pi’O- subj. of verb. [L.e^-o],!.

Jésus [Heb. Jésus], Jésus (final s is not pronounced).

jeter, v. tr. [L. jactare], to throw, cast, fling, hurl, utter, throw down—

VOCABULARY

away — at— out ; se jeter, to throw one’s self, plung-e.

jeu, n. ni. [L. jocus], game, play, sport, fun ; action.

jeune, adj. \h. juvenis\, young, youthful.

jeunesse, n. f. [jemie], youth; lass (colloq. and fam.)

joie, n. f. [L. gaudia\, joy, gladness, pleasure, delight.

joindre, v. tr. irreg. 40 [L. junjere\ to join, unité, clasp, connect.

joint, e, p. p. oi joindre.

jolie, e, adj. [Scand. jul—a. festival], pietty, nice, fine, neat, pleasing.

joliment, adv. [joli], prettily ; much, extremely (colloq.) See note, -23, 27.

jpncher, v. tr. [jonc—lt. juncus], to stréw, scatter, litter.

joue, n. f. [L.* ganta— Ij. gabala, a bowl], cheek.

jouer, V. tr. and intr. ]L. jocari], to play, perform ; work (idiomatic.) joug, n. m. [L. jugum], yoke.

jouir (de), v. intr. [L. gaudere], to enjoy, possess, hâve enjoyments.

jouissance, n. f. [jouir], enjoyment, pleasure, possession.

joujou, n. m. [infantile reduplication of jou— jouer], toy, plaything (plu. in x).

jour, n. m. [L. diiirnus], day, light, day-time ; mettre au jour, to bring to lig’ht ; de nos jours, in our days.

journal, n. m. [L. diurnalis], newspaper, journal.

journée, n. f. [jonr], day (considered with respect to its duration).

judiciaire, adj. [L. judiciarius], judiciary, judicial, legal.

juge, n. m. \h. judicem], judge, justice.

juger, V. tr. [L. judicare], to judge, conjecture, think, believe.

juif, adj. [L. judœus], Jewish ; and n., Jew; tein., juive.

jurer, v. intr. [L. jurare], to swear, vow, take oath.

jusque (à), adv. and prep. [L.

us(/ue], till, until, up to ; jusqu’à, to, as far as ; jusque-là, up to that time, before, previously.

juste, adj. [L. justus], just, équitable, right ; and adv., exactly, precisely.

justement, adv. [juste], exactly, precisely, just so.

justification, n. f. [L. justijlca- Uone7n], justification, vindication.

justifier, v. tr. [L. justificare], to justify, vindicate, make good, excuse.

kermese, n. f. [Flem. kerkinisse], a fair (m the Netherlands).

la, r, see le.

là, adv. [L. illae], there, here, thither, then ; là-dessus, thereupon ; là-haut, above, up there.

laborieux, euse, adj. [L. hhoriosus], laborious, diligent, hard-working, painstaking, assiduous, industrious.

labyrinthe, n. m. [L. lahyrinthus], labyrinth, maze.

lacté, e, adj. [L. lacteus], lacteal, milky.

laideur, n. f. [laid— O. H. G. laid— ‘odious’], ugliness.

laisser, v. tr. [L.* laxare], to leave, leave behind, let, allow, permit, let hâve.

lamentable, adj. [L. lamentahilis], lamentable.

lamenter, v. tr. [L. lamentari], to lainent, bewail, mourn over; se lamenter, to wail, lament.

lampe, n. f. [L. lampas], lamp.

lancer, v. tr. [lance— h. laneea], to lance, throw, shoot, dart, hurl, cast.

langage, n. m. [L. lingua,+aticus], language, speech.

langue, n. f. [L. Imgua], tongue, language.

large, adj. [L. largus], wide, broad, magnificent ; n. m., breadth, wklth ; the offing ; en la^'ge. See note, 46, 24.

larme, n. f. [L. h>cryma], tear, weeping. latitude, n. f. [L. latitudinem], latitude, extent ; climate.

lavande, n. f. [It. lavando], lavender.

le, la, r,- les, definite article, mas., fem. and plu. [L. ilhmn, illam, illos, illas], the.

le, la, r, les, per. pro. {ilium, illam, illos, illas], him, her, it, so, them.

leçon, n. f. [L. lectionem], lesson.

lecteur, n. m. [L. lectorem], reader ; fem., lectrice.

lecture, n. f. [L. lectura], reading ; faire la lectxire, to read.

léger, ère, adj. [L.* leviarius — L.

light, nimble, snnill, sllght, trifling, liglit-headed.

légèrement, adv. [léger], lightly.

VOCABÜLARY.

légèreté, n. f. \le.ger\ lightness, thoughtlessness, levity.

législatif, ve, adj. [L.* legislativus\ legislative.

lé0timement, adv, [légitimé — L.

legitim'ws], lawfully, rightfullv.

Lemnos, Lemnos. See note, 85, 10.

lendemain, n m. \V +en-\- demain], the following day, the morrow, the day after, the next day.

lentement, adv. {lent — L. lentus], slowly, tardily.

lenteur, n. f. [L. lentoremi, slowness, tardiness.

lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles, rel. and inter, pro. [le-Ygiiel], which, whom.

les, see le.

leste, adj. [Ger. listigi, brisk, nimble, active, clever.

lestement, adv. [leste], briskly, nimbly, cleverly.

léthargie, n. î. [L. lethargia], lethargy, stupor.

lettre, n. f. [L. littera], letter.

leur, leurs, poss. pro. [L. illorum], their.

leur, per. pro. indirect obj. [L.

illorum], to them.

levant, e adj. [près. part, of lever], rising ; and n., East, Levant.

lever, v. tr. [L. levare', to raise, heave, lift, hold up : se lever, to rise.

lever, n. m. \lever], rising ; lever du soleil, sunrise.

lèvre, n. f. \\j.lührum], lip.

liaison, n. f. [L. ligationem], connection, intimacy, association.

liberté, n. f. [L. Ubertatem], liberty, freedom, frankness.

libre, adj. [L. liber], free, clear.

lien, n. m. [L. ligamen], band, bond, tie.

lieu, n. m. [L. lociis], place, spot, stead ; axi lieu de, instead of.

lieue, n. f. [L. leuca], league (about three miles).

ligne, n. f. [L. linea], line, rank, row.

lilas, n. m. [Sp. lilac,^ froin the Arabian], lilac ; and adj., lilac-color. See note, 68, 1.

limpide, adj. [L. limpidus], limpid, clear, translucent.

linge, n. m. [L. linsum], linen, cloth.

lingot, n. m. [Eng. ingot], ingot, bullion {t is notpronounced).

linon, n. m. [lin — L. linon], lawn.

lire, V. tr. irr. 46 [L. loger e], to read. lisez, from lire, près. ind. and impérative, 2nd plu.

liste, n. f. [O. H. G. lista], list, roll, catalogue.

lit, n. m. [L. lectus], bed.

littéralement, adv. [littéral — L.

litteralis], literally, word for word.