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Page 1, I. Madame Joséphine Delannoy. A frîend and creditor of Balzac, among those paid by Madame Hanska-Balzac after her husband's death. — Douai. A city of about 35,000 inhabitants, some score of nûles from the Belgian frontier directiy north of Paris. The territory in which it lies, after having belonged to France off and on for many centuries, was definitely annexed to France in 17 13 by the Treaty of Utrecht.

6, Mais . . . la gestation. This passage is a shot at the Romanticists, whose methods were the reverse of Balzac's. .

[Page 2, 25. Aussi. When this word stands at the beginning of a clause or sentence, remember it means " and so " or " therefore," not ^'also.'' Page 8, 19. Michel-Ange. Michelangelo, a famous Italian pain ter, sculptor, ar<;hitect and poet (1475- 1563). — Bianca Capello. A clever Venetian woman who contrived to marry François de Médicis. 20. Mademoiselle de la VaUière. One of the court beauties and favorites of Louis XIV. — Beethoven. The celebrated German composer (i 770-1827). 21. Paganini. Great Italian violinist and composer of violin music (i 784-1840). Page 4, 7. Farniente. An Italian expression meaning ^^idleness.'' Page 5, 11. Steedes. A Dutch word meaning "farmhouse." Cf. Eng. "homestead."]

7, 24. Claes. More often written Claës. The "s'' is sounded. 29. Gand. Ghent, a large and important city of Belgium, near

Antwerp.

8, 2. Charles Quint Charles V, kîng of Spaîn and emperor of Germany (1500-1558). Quint is the Latin "quintus" and is restricted in use to the fif th of a name.

19. Philippe n. Son of Charles V, king of Spain from 1556 to 1599. Married Mary, daughter of Henry VIII and queen of England. After her death Philippe planned to invade England, but his great fleet, the "Invincible Armada," met with disaster, marking

the downfall of Spaîn and the rise of England as. a world power (1588).