Dumont à Romilly, 10 juin 1803 ; Bowring, vol. X, p

6. Dumont à Bentham, oct. 1802 ; Bowring, vol. X, p. 405, et Dumont à Romilly, août 1803 ; Bowring, vol. X, p. 408.

7. 5/17 mai 1806 ; Bowring, vol. X, p. 419. — Cf. p. 413 : lettre du général Sablonkoff à Dumont, 5 févr. 1804. I can hardly wean myself away from Dumont’s Principes, even to write to you. Your brother’s book satisfies alike the soul, the heart, and the mind... Russia wants laws. It is not only Alexander the First who desires to give her a Code. —Russia herself demands one... Let Jeremy Bentham prepare it! — I do not know him — but I say to myself, If he die without having dictated a Code, he will be ungrateful to that Creator who gave him his intellectual powers,

8. Qui brûle en 1818 ; J.-B. Say à Bentham, 3 mai 1818; Bowring,

, vol. X, p. 499.

9. Papers relative to Codification and Public Instruction, etc., Bowring,

vol. IV, Correspondance avec l'Empereur de Russie sur la Codification,

… pp. 514-598.

10. Bowring, vol. X, p. 395. Cf. Life of lord Shelburne, lettre à lord Holland, 18 avril 1803 (vol. LIT, p. 569) ; F. Horner, Memoirs and Correspondence, vol. I, p. 437 : lettre à Thomas Thomson, 15 août 1803.

41. Dumont à Bentham, 29 août 1808 (Bowring, vol. X, p. 433)... Since the Principes are known and cireulated there — the plank is made — and the younger may walk on it under the protection of the elder.

12. Bowring, vol. X, pp. 525, 539 ; vol. XI, pp. 19-20 — Holland House, où fréquentent Dumont et Romilly, est le centre du mouvement ibérophile. — V. Bowring, vol. X, p. 433 : The fair prospects of Spain, and the hopes of contributing to the establishment of freedom and good government in that country, had almost decided Bentham to depart without delay for the seat of the Spanish government.

13. Bowring, vol. X, p. 516; et : Three Tracts relative to Spanish an d Portuguese afjairs ; with a continual eye to English ones, Bowring, “vol. VIIT, pp. 460-486 : Tract No I. Letter to the Spanish nation on a then proposed House of Lords (1820). — II. Observations on Judge Advocate Hermosa’s Panegyric on Judicial Delays, etc. — IIL Letter to the

Portuguese Nation, on Antiquated Constitutions ; on the Spanish Constitution considered as a whole, and on certain defects observable in it. — Letters to Count Toreno, on the proposed Penal Code, delivered in by the Legislation Committee of the Spanish Cortes, April 25, 1821, Bowring, vol. VIH, pp. 487-554. — Le principal disciple espagnol de Bentham est don Gaspar Jovellanos, auteur d’un ouvrage utilitaire, sur qui voir Bowring, vol. X, pp. 440, 445, 447, 448, 4717 ; Mémoires de Brougham, lettre de Brougham à lord Grey, 2 déc. 1808, de John Whishaw à Brougham, 19 août 1809; Quarterly Review oct. 1813; et Blaquiere, Hist. Rev. of the Spanish Revolution, 1822, pp. 499 sqq. — Sur Bentham en Espagne, v. dans Borrow, The Bible in Spain, vol. IT, p. 277 (cité par Louis Reyband, Études sur les réformateurs, tome II, Étude sur « les utilitaires et Jcrémie Bentham »), le curieux récit de la conversation de ce missionnaire protestant avec l’alcade de la petite ville de Corcuvion : l’alcade le salue comme « compatriote du grand Baintham, celui qui à inventé des lois pour tout l'univers, le plus universel génie que le monde ait produit ; un Solon, un Platon, et un Lope de Vega... Moi, tel que vous me voyez, simple alcade de Galice, je possède tous les écrits de Baintham sur ce rayon et les étudie jour et nuit. Mais quel livre Borrow porte-t-il sur lui ?. — Lé Nouveau Testament — Ah! ah! voilà qui est très singulier. Oui, je me rappelle... on dit que les Anglais estiment beaucoup ce livre. N'est-ce pas singulier que les compatriotes du grand Baintham fassent le moindre cas de ce vieux livre monacal ! 5 — II est curieux de voir qu'à la même époque Cartwright devient populaire en Espagne : Life and Corr., vol. I, p. 359 (lettre à Materosa, 15 juin 1808), vol. Il, p. 66 (lettre à Arguelles, 23 juillet 1813); et lettre à Thomas Northmore, 6 janvier 1823 : « [ have lately had a good account from Spain. I am informed that a translation of my Bill of Rights and Liberties is in hand there. I wish they would correct their mode of electing members of the Cortes : their successive strainings, whereby there can be nothing more likely than that in the end the representative chosen by the very few who have the final straining, may be one whom a great majority of the collective body would not have elected.

14. Bowring, vol. X, pp. 432, 439, 444, 445. — Cf. The life and times of Aaron Burr, licutenant-colonel in the army of the Revolution, United States Senator, vice-president of the United States, ete., by James Parton, éd. de 1864, vol. I, p. 155. Burr étudie Gibbon, Godwin, Bentham. « At a time when the mere name of the great apostle of utilitarianism was known only to half a dozen of the most intelligent minds on this side of the Atlantic, colonel Burr was a reader of his works, and conceived for their author the highest opinion... Along with Burr, Albert Gallatin was à lover of Bentham ; and it is likely enough that Burr derived his firsd knowledge of Bentham through Gallatin. — Sur Gallatin, v. Bowring, vol. IV, pp. 453, 468 ; vol. X, pp. 433, 462-463. — Burr reviendra en Angleterre en 1811, où il sera l’hôte de Bentham et fera de la pro-

pagande pour le système de Lancaster (pp. 226-227, 229-230). — V. F. Horner, Mem. and Corr. vol. I. p. 464 : lettre à J.-A. Murray, esq., 27 oct. 1808: ... I am going to dine with Jeremy Bentham and colonel Burr, and am very curious to see what sort of mixture will result from putting together pure philosophy and Yankee treason.

15. Récit de la vie de Miranda, par James Mill, ap. Edinburgh Review, janv. 1809, art. IT (cet article : Lettre aux Espagnols-Américains par un de leurs compatriotes, et l’article de juillet 4809 : Molina’s Account of, Chili, ont été écrits par James Mill avec des documents fournis par Miranda), — V. Bain, p. 79.— Bowring, vol. X, pp. 457-458, 468, 487-488 ; vol. IX, p. 19; projet de canal interocéanique, repris par Bentham, vol, Il, pp. 561 sqq. — Connaît Romilly depuis 1784 (Mémoires, vol. I, p. 84). — « 2 finished adventurer » (Brougham à lord Grey, 2 déc. 1808).

16. Bowring, vol. X, pp.500et513 : lettre de Bentham non datée, 1820.

47. Bowring, vol. X, pp. 558-559 : José del Valle à Bentham, 18 avril 4827 : The month of March just passed was one of delightful satisfaction to me. In it I received your letter and your books. They well filled my heart with joy. Î recognise the affection which dictated the one, and the kindness which remitted the others. — In my library your works will hold the distinguished station to which the sage instructor of the legislators of the world is entitled. By their influence, I trust à happy revolution will be brought about among all the nations of the earth. You have reared the science upon a fruitful principle — that of universal utility — giving. lessons of addition and substraction — of legislative arithmetic — teaching the calculations of good and evil — to group — to deduct — to obtain balances of pain and pleasure — and to form law with a view to the greatest felicity. And having revolutionized the science of legislation, you will revolutionize legislative codes — so that nations will have laws not the opprobrium, but the honour Of reason — laws not the misfortune, but the happiness of man. — For many a year 1 have felt that one of the greatest wants of America, of Guatemala, a beautiful portion of America, was the suppression of the Codes of Spain, and the introduction of others, worthy of the instruction of the age, provided by the sages who have perfected the jurisprudential science ; et Bowring, XI, p. 17 : lettre du 19 mai 1829; — pp. 48-49 : du 21 mai 1830; — p. 71 : du 3 août 1831.

48. Bowring, vol. X, pp. 552 sqq. ; vol. XI, pp. 22, 28, 33. — Bowring, vol. XI, p.33: D’après Bentham, la maison Bossange, qui édite les livres de Dumont, aurait vendu 40.000 volumes de Bentham dans l'Amérique du Sud (1830).

19. Colonel Leicester Stanhope, Greece in 1823 and 1824 : Bentham’s works are much admired on the Continent. The professor of law here, Carminiani, is quite of his mind. At the College of Bologna none but

the Greeks and foreigners are allowed to read this author (lettre écrite de Pise, le 5 nov. 1823). — Bowring, vol. X, p. 517.