and p

Line 11. — abatis. — The same term is used in English, but frequently

written abattis — a defence made by eutting down trees,

and arrauging them so as to présent the greatest possible

obstruction to an enemy — from abattre.

Line 14. — contenir — To keep in check.

Line 15. — ordonne à. — See Note p. 15, 1. 39. Line 17. — et il montre &c. — And he pointed out to his soldiers that

the deUverance of Landau would be the infallible resuit

of the next d.ay's victory.

Line 21. — respirent. — We use breathe in the same sensé. Line 23. — inépris — Scorn.

Line 24. — on sent &c. — There is felt an overpowering force, some-

thing indesci-ibabl^' irrésistible.

Line 26. — I'» Fèvre &c. — Thèse gênerais became famous afterwards

under Napoléon.

Line 2S. — plupart olljscur.s — obscursis plural to agrée withplupart.

" hante illustration — Hififh renown.

Line 29. — et qui font — "Who were serring. See Not^, p. 5, L 33. Line 36. — d'epanciier — Of pouring forth. Line 38. — davantage — ^Distinguish its use from that oiplus. D. F.

Line 40. — homme de bien — A virtuous man.

Page 31.

Line 2. — il se recueille — He coUected his thoughts.

XOTF?. 157

Line 6. — sans rnmpro d'nne semelle — Withont yielding a step.

In fencing, rompre la semelle means to draw back the

foot.

Line 11. — qu'un des premiers &■:-. — "Wliich l 'was one o the first

to suppress.

Line 12. — H en est peu — There are fe^.

" le vatnqnear de Rocroi — The great Condé who had to

be awakened before the battle of Eocroi, in the Xether-

lands, in which be totally defe.atsd the Spaniards, in

Line 14. — ^j'aime mietuc — I would rather.

Line 18. — Oni, mon général — This is addressed to Le Veneur. Line 21. — sans entraves — UntrammeHed.

Line 22. — ^je dois — I must.

" c'est un alternative — ceis usedwithéfre when followed

by a noun ; but Tvhen an adjective follows, il must be

used.

Line 24. — trop presomptneuse — ^Because it vras made befora he

had won the victory, Line 26. — adiem — From à and Dieu — compare EngUsh Good-bye,

eonîract«d from God be with you.

•' pins bean — Most glorious.

Line 29. — deboat — Up — on foot.

Line 31. — rencontre, px-éparaii — This union of the présent and

imperfect mu=t not be imitated in Englisîi. Line 33. — occupé — In translating supply " which was " to avoid the

concunence of participles, which would be inélégant. Line 37. — a»» pas de charge— See Note, p. 29, 1. 16.

Page 32.

Line 5. — en s'accnsant &c. — Blaming each other fer their defeats. Line 8.— entière— See Note, p. 27, 1.20.

CHAPTEB V.

HOCHE RESIGN8 COiOIANT) OF THE AEHT OF THE BHINE — ^EX>mT OF EOBESPIZREE AXD THE COJIinTTEE — BEIGN OF TEREOB — VSHAPPY POSITION OF HOCHE — HIS IIABEIAGE — LETTEBS TO HIS WTFE — PBE- PABATIOXS OF THE COinOTTEE TO CEESH HDI — BEilOVED FBOSt THB ABinr OF THE MOSELLE — SEXT TO ITALY.

Line 17. — voeu — Wish.

Line 18. — exaucé — Cjranted.

Line 19. — mit à coureit — Protect. '^

" ombrageux — Jealous.

Line 21. — qn'U s'y était faits — Whom he had made in it— The participle agrées witb the direct objeetgwe; not with se, Tvhieh is the indirect object, meaning — for himself. See D. F. 591.

Line 22. — à l'avis desquels — dont can he used only when it is immediately preceded by its antécédent, and followed hy the subject of the verb : de qui cannot be used when de imph.es possession, but only when it means from ; du quel &c. must be used "«"hen dont and de qui are inadmissible.

Line 24. — toujoxirs en mission — Still on mission — i.e. stiU. representing the committee at tlie head-quarters of the army. auprès — Free-masons use a simUar expression, e.g., " Our Piepresentative nea?- the Grand Lodge of England."

Line 25. — pardonner à — See ÎSTote, p. 1.5, 1. 39.

Line 28. — revendiquèrent — The verh means strictly to claim something of which one has heen deprived unjustly.

Page 33.

Line 2. — pour — Against.

Line 3. — songeait — Songer is generally used when one's thoughts " rest lightîy on a subject : penser implies deUberate reflection — deep thought.

Line 4. — on était arrivé — The climax of the Reign of TezTor had been reached.

Line 6. — ombrageuse — Suspicions.

Line 8. — et la science — ObseiTe omission of^arhetween Ze faZeni and la science, as they are to some extent synonymous.

Line 9. — Madame Roland — One of the most celebrated characters of the Eevolutionary period. After her marriage and rlmoval to Paris, she became the Queen of the Gironde party, and was involved in its ruin. She was eseeuted in 1793. Her memoii-s throw a vivid hght on the events ■which led to the Eeign of Terror.

«• Bailly — A distiaguished member of the Gommons, who

was elected Président of the National Assembly. After the formation of the Commune, he was chosen Mayor of Paris, but becoming uupopular, he was replaced by Petion and guillotined 1793.

Line 10. — Barnave — An éloquent deputyof the States-General. He was one of the commjssioners sent to stop the flight of the Eoyal Family, but was afterwards gained to the

king's side by the influence of Marie Antoinette. He

was exécutée! in 1793.

Line 10. — Maleslierbes — One of the advocates who pleaded the

cause of Louis XVI. in the Convention; putto deathin

" cou^titixaiits — Memhers of the Constituant Assembly.

Line 11. — girondins — See Note, p^ 18, 1 8. Line 13. — Montagnurds — See Note, p. 18, 1. 7. Themost celehrated

were Eobespierre, Danton, Marat.

Line 15. — tant de meni-tres &c. — So many murders and so much

blood — tant may be used before a noun of either nnm-

ber, and, therefore, does not require to be repeated. Line 17. — le -rainquenr — In opposition to Houchard. Line 18. — liaclie — Axe — h. aspirate — English, hatchet, hash. Line 21. — Est — Besides this vrord and ouest, final t is sotmded in a

few others, e.g., fat, bout, dvt, alert, correct, direct,

exact.

" faisait ombrage — Gave offence.

Line 22. — mdesse — Violence.

Line 23. — superbe — Arrogant. ^

Line 24.— dont See Kote, p. 32, 1. 22.

Line 25. — l'abattre — Crushinghim.

" degoût-s — Mortifications.

" lasser — TTearing ont — from adj. las tired.

Line 28. — ^l«î iniposait — Imposer takes à after it.

Line 29. — réclamait — Protested — Imperfect of repeated action D. F. 551.

Line 31. — Simples — Insignificant — trifling.

" contre lui — ^Against him — i.e., so as to throw blâme npon

him.

Line 38. — privé de — ^Without — in want of.

" empiétait — Was encroaching — from en anàpied.

Line 35. — gravement — Seriously.

Line 36. — à son regartl — "With regard to him.

Line 38. — l'épée de Damoclès — Damocles was one of the courtiers of Dionysius of Syracuse. In order to show him that kings were not so entirely happy as he imagined, the tyrant invited him to a feast at M-hich a naked sword ■was suspended over his head by a single hair. In ail âges this has been a favorite illustration of writers and speakers.

l6o NOIES.

Page 34.

Line 1. — »l ne s'en cacliait pas — He made no concealment of it

— se cacher de quelque chose, "to conceal a thing; m

cacher à qrielqu'un, to hide one's self from a person. Line 8. — démission — Résignation.

" incessamment — Iii.mediately — Ineessantly is an obsolète

meaning of the word.

Line 9. — a igreur — Bittemess — ill-f eeling. Line 10. — ardent ami — Appositive to je in j'ai cru : therefore no

article is used.

Line 11. — Hélas I — In this word final s is sounded ; also in vis (screw)

lys, as (ace), ours, and sonie others.

Line 12.— malheur à qui — Vi'oe to the man who — The antécédent

of qui is omitted.

Line 14. — sans plaisir ni peine — The use of ni is accounted for

by the fact that sans lias a sort of négative meaning.

In the same way the négative aucun does not require

ne when sans is used with it, as, U est venu sans aucune

lettre.

" c'est assez Sie. — I hâve told you enough of my troubles.

Line 16. — contrarié — Thwarted.

Line 17. — rebuté — Discouraged.

" que la malveillance &c. — Which malice spread in his

path.

Line 19. — q^ti le fuyaient — Which shunncd him — i.e., which he

could not obtain.

Line 21. — Thionville — A fortified to-wn on the MoseUe, north of

Metz.

Line 22, — la décenre &c — The modesty of her demeanor. Line 23. — était directeur des vivre.a — Was commissary — had

charge of the provisioning of the army. Line 28. — point la richesse — Elliptical tr Je ne demande point la

richesse. The EngUsh word riches is a contracted form

of richesse.

Line 32. — qu'il ne lui Sec. — That she will want uothing except

•what she will not ask for — i.e., that she will haveevery-

thing she wants.

Line 34 — dépassait de beaucoup — Far surpassed. Line 3G. — l'obtenir d'elle-même — To obtain her from hersolf— i.e.,

that she shouid .)f her own accord accept him, not urged

by her parents because it was a better match than they

could hâve looked for.'

• NOIKS. T'^T

Page 35.

Line 1 — Adélaïde — The diasrcsis, called tréma iu French, shov.'S that the vowel over which it is placed forms a separate syllable from tho vowel which precedes it. " le nœud &c, — The bond whicb is to unité us — Nœudiiom

Latin nodus.

Line 3. — 1'"» à l'autre — To each other.

Line 4. — peut-être n'avei-vons point — Peut-être is one of those adverbs which at the beginning of a sentence require the snbject to corne after the verb. The others are ainsi, alùrs, à peine, après, déjà, ici, M. &c.

Line 6. — px-ôné — ^Enlogized — prôner is literally to preach, from prône, sermon.

Line 7 — fasse — Imper ative oî faire.

Line 9. — Il est encore temps — There is still time.

Line 10. — dites — Observe différence of conjugation between this verb and most of its compounds, in second pers. plural, présent indic, and imper.

Line 17. — l'Etre créateur — The Creator.

Line 20. — savourait — Enjoyed — literally, tasted.

Line 22. — Robespierre — Born in 1759, educated as an advocate, one of the few extrême Eevolutionists who had a seat in the States-General. He soon became the chief the Parisian démagogues, and at last stood at the head of the most frightful Dictatorsbip Europe ever saw. Opinions are Btill divided as to whether he was a mère blood-thirsty tyi-ant, or a merciless fanatic. Carlyle thus graphically describes him : " Who of thèse Six Hundred may be the meanest ? Shall we say that anxious, shght, ineffectuallooking man, under thirty, in spectacles ; his eyes (were the glasses ofF) troubled, careful ; -with up-tnrned face, snufB.ng dimly the uncertain future times ? ' il faut le dire — And we must add.

Line 28. — à titre de récompen.'se — As a reward.

Line 32. — c'est à lui &c. — It was to him that they(the Committ&e) preferred to entru.st.

Line 34.— enlevé à— See Note, p. 19, 1. 23.

Line 35. — fit à son armée &c. — ^Badehis army a touchingfarewell.

Page 36.

Line 3. — vous ne pouvez &c. — You cannot fail to annihilate. Liue 5. — I^a République &c. — This was the formai or officiai de.-ignation of the Eepublic during the Eevohuiou.

Line 7. — ^ "® s'abusait &c — He was not deceived, howaver, as

to, &c.

Line 9. — et prêt de— And when on the point of setting out — Dis-

tinguish prêt à, on the point of , from prêt de, disposed to. Line 11. — à faii-e luire &c. — To bring the truth to light — literaLy

— to cause the truth to shine forth.

Line 12. — et à retracei- &c. — And to indicate to oui- descendants.

Neveu bas this sensé only in the plural.