La dame ... et lui. See note to p
16. Faite prisonnière par les Anglais. Tins is incorrect. Jeanne was captured by Lionel de Vendôme, a Burgundian nobleraan, who sold her to John of Luxembourg. Finally the Englisli bought her for ten thousand francs. She was burut at Rouen, May 30th, 1431.
VOCABULARY
Note. — Synoiiyms spelt alike in both lauguages (nation, courage, etc.) or so nearly alike as to be easily recognized even by beginner.s (accepter, charité, modestie, etc.) hâve not been inserted in tïiis VocaV>nlary — except when used with a spécial seuse.
abattre, to fell, t.o eut down, to break.
abattu, -e, depressed ; eut down.
abîme, in., abyss, depth.
abord (d'), at "first, at the outxet.
abri, m., slielter.
accent, in., to7ie.
accorder, to (p-ant ; s'accorder, to agrée.
accourir (like courir), to run, to run up, to ha-nten.
accoutrement, m. , drefi-^, get-up.
accoutumer, to accu.'itom.
accrocber, to hook.
accueillir (like cueillir), to ree.eive. to KXilcome, to protect.
achever, to finish, to eomplete, to end.
acier, m., t^teel.
acquérir (acquérant, acquis, j'acquiers, j'acquis, j'acquerrai,que j'acquière), <o acquire.
adjurer, to eall upon.
adresser, to axk.
affaiblir, to enfeehle.
affaire, f., affair, hvsines.i :
avoir affaire à, to hâve to deal with.
affairé, -e, bu.^y.
afiliger, to affliet, to trouble.
afifronteiir, m., insulter.
afin de, m order to ; afin que,
so that.
agenouiller (s'), to hieel domi.
ag^, to act, to hehave ; il s'agit
de, it is a matter of.
aide, m., helper; f., help.
aider, to help, to assist.
aigrement, hitterly.
ailleurs. eUewhere.
aimer, to love, to like.
aîné, -e, elder, eldeM.
ainsi, thus, so ; ainsi que, as
welf as.
air, m., look, appearance ; tune;
avoir l'air, to look, to .seewi.
aisé, -e, easy ; comfortàble.
ajourner, ?o ad,joum,to poxtpoiie.
ajouter, to add.
aller (allant, allé, je vais, j'allai,
j'irai, que j'aille), to go, to
proceed ; s'en ajler, to go
aivay.
allons ! come ! now then !
allumer, to Ught, to setfire to.
alors, then ; in that ca.se ; ai
that tiine.
VOCABULARY
ambages, f. ))1., idit talk ; sans ambages, to the2'omt,straiyhtforirardly.
âme, f, , so%i1, m'md.
amener, (o hring, to take to.
amortir, to deaden, to break.
an, ni., yea7:
ange, m., avijel.
anglais, -e. English.
anlsé, -e,jlaroured irifh aviseed.
année, f. , year.
annonce, f . , news, adrerti-'iemenf.
anse, f., handle.
apercevoir, to perceive, to catch
siçjht of; s'apercevoir, toper-
ceive, to hecomt ronscioiis of, apparaître (like paraître), to
ajipear.
apparition, f., ajrptaravce, aj)-
parition.
appauvri, -e, împoverished.
appel, m., appeal.
appeler, to coll.
appesantir, to make heavy.
appliquer, to apply, to lay on.
apporter, to hring.
apprendre (like prendre), to
learn, to hear : ta feach, to
infortn.
approcher, to approarh, to
hring near ; s'approcher, to
approach, to corne near.
appui, m., support.
appuyer, to lean, to sxipport, to
second; tojîx.
après, after ; d'après, arcord-
ing to.
arbalétrier, m., cross-hoicman,
archer.
arbre, m., trec.
archevêque, m., archbishop.
ardeur, i.,fervour, eagernexs.
argent, m., silver ; money.
armée, f. , army.
arracher, to tear, to match ; to
save from.
arrêter, to stop, to arrest ;
s'arrêter, to stop.
arrière (en), behiml.
arrivée, f. , arrivai.
asile, m., slielter.
aspic, m., asp, aspic (a kiiid of
aiiake).
assaisonné, -e, seasoned ;
sprinkled.
assaut, m., attack. assaidt. assentiment, m., ussent, ap-
2>roraJ.
asseoir (asseyant, assis, j'assieds, j'assis), to seat, to estah-
lish ; s'asseoir, to slt doivn.
assez, enongh, somewhat, rather.
assiéger, to besicge.
assiette, f., seat; plate.
assister, to assist, to be présent.
assoupir (s'), to doze, to fait
asleep.
assuré, -e, safe, secure.
assurer (s'), to make sure, to
feel sure ; to ascertain.
astre, m., star.
atteindre (like craindre), (o
reach, to arrive at.
attelage, m., team.
atteler, to put (horses) to ;
s'atteler, to draw, to jndl.
attendre, to va it ; s'attendre,
to expect.
attendrissement, m., émotion,
feeling, tenderiiess.
attirer, to altract, to draw.
auberge, f., inn.
aucun, -e, no, not any.
audace, f., dariug, boidness,
audacity.
aujourd'hui, to-dai/.
aumône, f. , al7ns, charity.
aumônier, m., chaplain.
auriculaire, little finger.
aussi, also, sa ; therefore ;
aussi . . , que, as ... as. aussitôt, at once, iimnediately ;
aussitôt que, as soon a-v.
austérités, f. pi., printtions.
autant, as much, as many ;
as long.
auteur, m., anthor, wriler.
autour, around, round.
autre, other, else ; autre chose, Homethiiig else.
autrefois, formerly, of old.
avancer, to advance, to piilforloard, to pi-oceed; s'avancer, to advance, to corne forrvard.
avant, hefore, in front of; en avant, foncard, in front.
avec, with, hy, together lailh.
avenir, va., future, dcMiny.
aventurier, m., adrenturer.
avertir, to >varn, to inform.
avertissement, m., warning, information.
avide, eager, anxioua.
avis, m., advice, opinion.
avouer, to admit, to confess.
toacchanale, f., drinking-song.
baguette, f., stick, rod.
baigner, to wash, to bathe.
bâillon, m., gag.
baisser, to lower, to pull doivn ; se baisser, to stoop.
bal, m., hall, dance.
balancer, to Jtalance, to siving ; to hesitate.
balbutier, to slammer, to nmlter.
baldaquin, m., canopy.
bandelette, f., s^nall band, strip.
bannière, f.,flag, banner, standard.
baptême, m. , christening ; nom de baptême, Christian name.
barbe, f. , beard.
barbier, m., barber.
bas, -se, low, base, sordid.
bas, adv., low, in a whisper.
bassine, f. , pan.
bastille, f. , fort, redoubt.
bataille, f . , hnJtle, fghf.
batailleur, -euse, quarrelsome.
bateau, m., boat.
bâtir, to build, to construct, ta
erect.
bâton, m., stick, staff, cudgel.
battre (je bats), to beat, to beat
abolit ; to strike.
baume, m., balm, balsani, oint-
ment.
bavard, -e, gossip, prattler.
beau, belle, fne, beautiful ;
avoir beau, to do in vain.
beaucoup, mnch, mavi/.
beffroi, m., helfry.
bénédicité, m., grâce (before
meals).
bénéficier, m., bénéfice holder,
incumhent.
bénir, to bless.
bénitier, m., holy-water font.
benoît, -e, blessed.
bereau, m. (an old form of
baril), barrel, cask.
berger, -ère, shepherd.
besace, f. (a double form of
bissac, lit. double sack), bog.
wallet.
besoin, m., need, want ; avoir
besoin, to need, to wanL bibliothèque, f., library.
bien, well, really, qaite ; bien
que, although ; si bien que,
so that.
bien, m., wealth, goods, pro-
perty.
bien-être, m., comfort.
bienfaiteur, -trice, benefactor,
benefactress.
bienheureux, -se, happy, blessed.
bientôt, sooa.
bienveillance, f., kindness.
bienvenu, -e, ivelrome.
bienvenue, f. , welcome.
bise, f. , north loind.
bissac, m. (lit. double sack),
bag, wallet.
bizarre, queer, bizarre, odd.
blanc, -che, lohite.
blé, m., rorn, wlieat.
blesser, to loound, to hurt.
VOCABULARY
blessure, f., icound, {vjurii.
bœuf, m., ox, beef.
bohémien, -ne, gipsy.
boire (buvant, bu, je bois, je
bus, que je boive), to dnnk.
bois, m., wood.
boite, f., 60a;, che-st.
boiter, to limp, to be lame.
bonheur, m., happiiit-s.s, luck. bonté, f., kindness, goodness.
bord, m. , edge, hanïc.
border, to Une, to bind, to ex-
tend along.
borner (se), to be liinited, to be
confivfd ; not to go btyond.
bosquet, ru., grove, tliicket.
boucassin, m., cloth.
bouche, f., mouth.
boue, f., mud.
bouger, to move, to budge, to stir.
bouillir, to hoil.
boulevard, m., rampart, bul-
wark.
bouleversé, -e, upset.
bourg, m., village.
bourgeois, -Q,oftht niiddle class.
bourgeonner, to bud.
bourse, f., purse.
bout, m., end, tip ; venir à
bout de, to manage.
bouteille, f., bottle.
boute-seUe, ccdl ' to horse.' boutique, f. , shop.
branche, f. , branch.
brancher, to hang, to swing.
bras, m., arm.
brasier, m.,fire.
brave, brave ; brave homme,
good fellofi: ; braves gens.
good people.
bravement, bravety, courage-
oudy, gaUavtly.
brèche, f., breoch.
bride, f., hridle.
brider, to bridle, to harn^as.
broc, m. , jng. brocard, m., brocade.
brouillard, m.,fog.
brouter, to graze.
bruit, m., noise, nimour.
brûler, to bttm.
bruni, -e, brown, -lunburnt.
brusque, siulden, xharp, rovgh.
brusquement, roughly, sharply.
but, m., aim, jmrjio-'te ; mark.
butte, f. (en), exposed to.
cabane, f., hjit, cottage.
cacher, to hide, to coiiceal.
cachot, m. , prison, cell.
cadavre, m., corpse.
cadenas, m., padlock.
caignardier, m., Iramjt, vagabond.
campagne, f., covntry.
canon, m., g un.
canton, m., district.
capuchon, m., cowl.
carme, m., carmélite (friar).
carrefour, ru., cross-roads.
carrière, f. , qiiarry ; career,
cas, m. , casr ; faire cas, to value.
casque, m., helmet.
cavalier, m., horseman, rider.
cave, f. , cave, cel'ar.
caveau, m., cave, cellar.
cédule, f., proniissory note, bill.
ceint, -e, girded.
ceinture, f. , bdt.
célébrer, to celebrate, to sing.
ceUier, m., cellar.
cendre, f., a-s/t.
centuple, m., hundredfold.
cependant, yet, h.owever.
cercle, m., circle, ring, hoop.
cerveau, m., brain.
cesse, f., ceasing.
cesser, to cease, to lenvc off.
chacun, -e, each, every one.
chagrin, m., grief.
chagrin, -e, sorrowjul, sud, dull.
chair, î.,jiesh.
chaleur, f., lieat, irarmth.
champ, m.,fidd; sur-le-champ, at once, on the spot.
chancelier, m., chancellor.
chanson, f. , song.
chanter, to sàig.
chantre, m., chorister, chapelet, in., rosary.
chaque, cach, e.very.
charbon, m., coal, emher.
charge, f. , load, burden ; rester
à la charge de, to iveigh heavy
upon.
charger, to load, to lade, ; to
ent/ni/it ; se charger de, to
undertake, to take upon one's
self.
chariot, m., cart, widjon.
charpente, f. , limher ivork.
charpie, f., lint.
charrue, f., plough.
chasser, fo drive baclc, to drire
away, to turn oui.
chastement, clmutely, purely.
chat, m., rat.
château, ra., castle.
châtelain, -e, lord, ludy of tht
manor.
chaudière, f. , hoiler.
chaufferette, f., warminij/iaii.
chaume, m., thatch.
chaumière, f . , thatch cottage.
chaussure, f., shoe, boot.
chauve, hald.
chef, m., chief, leader.
chemin, m., way, road. cheminer, to ivcâk, to make one's
way.
chemise, f. , shirt.
chenil, m., hovel, deu.
chercher, to look for, to fetch ;
ta try, to endeavo^ir.
chétif, -ve, sviall, thin, ivretched.
cheval, m., horse.
chevalier, m., knight.
chevaucher, to ride, to ride. on.
cheveu, m., hair.
chèvre, f. , goat.
chevrier, m., goatherd.
chien, m., dog.
chirurgical, -e, surgical.
chirurgie, f. , surgery.
chirurgien, m., surgeon.
choc, m., shock.
chœur [ch pron. =k), m., choir.
choisir, to choose, to sélect.
chose, f. , thiug.
chrétien, -ne, Christian.
chute, f.,/n7^.
cicatrice, f., scar.
ciel, m., sky, heaven.
cimier, m., crest.
cire, f., ivax.
clameur, f., clamonr, ovlcry.
claquer, to crack, to smack.
claustration, f., confinement.
clef, f. , key.
client, m., customer.
cligner, to loink.
cœur, 111., heart.
coi£fe, f., hood, caul.
coiffure, f., head-dress.
coin, m., corner.
colère, f., angcr, tcmper,
wrath.
colline, f., hill.
colorié, -e, colorired.
combattre, to fight, to battle
with : fo impiign.
comble, m., height, ntmost.
comme, as, like, how.
comment, hoiv ; why !
commettre (like mettre), to
commit ; to coufde.
communauté, f. , comnwnity.
compagnon, m., friend, com-
panion.
compatissant, -e, compassionate,
tendcr.
complice, m., accomjdice.
complot, m., ])lot, scheme.
comploter, to plot.
comprendre (like prendre), to
nnderstand ; to comprise. compresse, f. , comprcss, holster.
compte, m., ar.comU, reckon-
iiig : profit.
compter, to reckon, to coiuit ; to
conifirise.
VOCABULARY
conduire (conduisant, conduit, 1 je conduis, je conduisis), lo lead, to conduct ; se conduire, to hekave.
conduite, f., conduct.
confesser, to con/e-ss.
confiance, f., confidence, triiat.
confier, to confid"-, to intrust.
confondre, to confovnd, to confuse, to mingle.
confrère, m., coUeague, hrother,
fdloiv.
conjuration, f., conspiracfi ; incantation.
conjurer, to conjure ; to enfreat.
connaissance, f . , hiowledge, ac-
quaintance.
connaître (connaissant, connu, je connais, je connus), to knmv, to he acquainted with.
connétable, m., constable.
conseil, m., council ; advice.
conseiller, m., adviser, coun
sellor ; cotincillor.
conseiller, to advise.
conserver, to keep, to j^reserve.
construction, f., building. contempler, to gaze at, to be-
hold ; to contemplate.
continuel, -le, confimious, un-
interrupted.
continuellement, continuatly.
continuer, to contimie, lo go on,
to kf-ep on.
contrariété, f., annoyance, vexation.
convaincre, to convince, to persuade ; to convict.
convenir (like venir), to suit, be conrtnient ; to agrée ; to oxov, to admit.
convier, to imnte.
convive, m., gnest.
corde, f. , rope, string.
cornette, f. cornet (standard).
ptiiidant.
cornue, f. , retort.
corps, m. , body ; corps.
côté, ni., side.
coteau, m., Iiill.
couche, f., bed, couch ; layer.
coucher, to sleep, to lay ; se
coucher, to lie dourn.
coudrier, m., hazel.
couler, tofioïc, tornn; tofctll.
couleuvre, f., snal-e.
couleuvrine (usually spelt cou-
levrine), f. , cidverin.
coup, m., blow, strolce, chance;
tout à coup, suddenly. coupe, f., cup.
couper, to eut; to carve; tocxit
ojf, to cAit short.
cour, f . , court ; yard.
courir (courant, couru, je cours, je courus, je courrai), to run, to hasten.
courroucé, -e, incensed.
course, f., course, run.
coursier, m., steed.
court, -e, short.
court, adv., short.
couteau, m., knife.
coutume, f ., custom, habit.
couvent, m., couvent.
couvrir (couvrant, couvert, je couvre, je couvris), to cover.
craindre (craignant, craint, je
crains, je craignis), tofear.
crainte, f. , fear, dread.
craintif, -ve, m.,fearful, timor-
ons.
craintivement, fearfully, tim-
idly.
crapaud, m., toail.
craquement, ni., cracking,
creaki)»'/.
cravate, f., cravat, neck-cloth.
crête, f., crest ; ridge.
cri, m., cry ; shout, shriek.
crier, to cry, to sliout, to shriek.
croire (croyant, cru, je crois,
je crus), to helicve.
croiser, to pass, to a-oxs; lo rlusp.
croix, f. , cross.
croûte, f., crust.
croyance, f. , belief, creed.
cuiller, f., spoon.
cuir, m., leather.
cuire (ciiisaut, cuit, je cuis, je
cuisis), io cook.
cuivre, m., copper, Jn-asis.
curée, f., quarry (in liunting).
cygne, m., sioan.
dalle, f., Hione,Jlag.
dame, f., lady.
damné, -e, cursed, accursed.
damné, m., damned.
damoiselle, f., P'nmg lady.
The modem word is demoiselle.
davantage, more, still more.
débarrasser, to rid, lo re/ieve ; se débarrasser, io get rid cf.
débat, m., discmsion, debate.
debout, upright, standing.
débris, m., remains, ruinx.
décharge, f., diwharge.
décimer, to dccimate, to destroy, to .siveep off.
décorer, to adorn, to emhdlish.
découvert (mettre à), to lay bare.
découverte, f. , discovery.
découvrir (like couvrir), to uncover ; to discover.
décrire (like écrire), to describe.
décupler, to increase tenfold.
défaire (like faire), to nndo ; se défaire de, to get rid of.
défaite, f. , defeat.
défaut, m., fo.n,\t, vice; à défaut de, for vMut of ; en défaut, atfauU; faire défaut, to be wanting, to be lucking.
défense, f. , defence, protection ; prohibition.
défunt, -e, (/ecea-ied.
déguiser, to r//.sf/M/.se, to alter.
dégoûter, to disgiist.
dehors (au), outside.
déjà, (drcady.
déjeuner, m., brea/cfast.
déjeuner, to breakfast.
déjouer, to baffle, tofoil.
délibérer, toconsider; lo résolve.
délier, to unbind, to zinfasten ;
to free.
délivrance, f., delivery.
demande, f. , requcst, order.
demander, to ask.
démence, f., madness.
démenti, m., lie, contradiction.
demeurer, to stay, to remain;
to dwell.
demi (à), half; à demi voix,
in a whisper.
demie, f., half.
denier, m., denier, penny.
dentelle, f., lace.
dénûment, m., destitution.
dépêche, f., dispatch.
dépêcher (se), to hurry, to
hastcn.
dépit, m., spite ; de dépit,
spiùful.
déposer, to put doivn ; to dépose ;
to lay doivn.
dépouiller, to striji, to rob, to
plunder.
depuis, since.
dérangement, m., disturhance,
ti'ouble.
dérober, to stecd, to conceal ; to
save.
dérouler, to unfold, to unrolL dernier, -ère, last, latter.
dernièrement, lastly, finally.
derrière, hehind.
dès, since; dès que, since, as
soon as.
dés&Tconné, -e,thron'n,u7i.horsed. désert, -e, deserted.
désespérer, to despair.
désespoir, m., despair.
désigné, -e, Jixed, nppoinfed.
désoler, to diaolate, to distress ;
se désoler, to lament.
désormais, henceforlh.
VOCABULARY
desséché, -e, dried up, densi-
c"/ed.
dessiner (se), to be outlintd,
ddincated.
dessous (au), uiider, under-
neath.
dessus (au), above, over.
destiner, lo intend ; to doom.
détour, m., tur7i, circuit ; sans
détour, straightforwardly.
détruire (like conduire), tX) de-
■stroy, to breal- up ; to counter-
act.
dette, f., debt, obligatioii.
deux, tu'o : tous deux, tous les
deux, both.
devant, before, in front of ; au
devant, in front of ; aller au
devant, to go to meet.
dévaster, to spoil, to waste, to
lay waste.
devenir (like venir), to become.
devers, toumrds, to.
devoir (devant, dil, je dois,
je dus, je devrai, que je
doive), to owe, niust, to hâve
to.
devoir, m., dufy, obligation.
dévot, -e, devozit, pions.
dévotement, devoiitly, piously.
diable, m., devil, démon.
diablerie, f. , devih-y ; jugglery.
dicté, -e, dictated.
diète, f . , strict diet.
Dieu, m., God.
digne, worthy ; acceptable.
dîner, m., dinner.
dîner, to dine.
dire, m., saying, allégation,
statement.
dire (disant, dit, je dis, je dis),
to say ; c'est-à-dire, that is
to say ; vouloir dire, to mean.
diriger (se), to jn-'^reed to, to
make for.
disjoint, -e, disjoinled.
disparaître (like paraître), to
disapjjeur.
dissension, f. , dissension, quar-
rel, disagreonenl.
distinguer, to perceive, to dis-
tinguish. distrait, -e, distracted, absent-
minded.
divers, -e, various.
doigt, m.,Jinger.
domaine, m., estate.
dominer, to ride, to govern ; to
overlook, to toicer over, to
crown.
don, m., gif t.
donc, then, therefore.
donner, to give, to grant, to
yield.
dormir, to sleep.
dos, m., bacl:
doublement, doiibli/.
doucement, gently, softly,
sweetly.
douleur, f., grief, pain.
doute, m., douht ; sans doute,
710 doubt.
douter, to doubt ; se douter de.
to suspect, to expect.
douve, f., ditch.
doux (douce), soft, sioeet, gentle.
drap, m., cloth.
drapeau, m.,flag, standard.
dresser, to rrect, to raise ; se
dresser, to rite, to stand up.
droguiste, m.,chemist, druggist.
droit, m., right.
droit, -e, right, straight.
droite, f., right (side).
drôle, m., rogue, scamp.
duc, m., dnke.
dur, -e, hard, tough ; cruel.
dure, f . , bare groxmd.
durée, f., duration. durer, to fast.
dureté, f., hardness, harshnc-ns;
hardshi/i.
E eau, f. , walcr ; eau vive, running loater.
ébranlé, -e, shaken.
ébréché, -e, rugged ; noiched.
écart (à 1'), aside; in a lonely ])lace.
écarter (s'), to deviate, to avoid.
to turii. away.
échapper, or s'échapper, to escape, to run away.
éclairer, to light, light up ; illumine.
éclatant, -e, shining, hrilliant, gorgeous.
écorché. e, skinned ; fleeced.
écouler (s'), to Jlow, to elapse ; to j^ass away.
écouter, to listen.
écrier (s'), to exclaim, to cry.
écrire (écrivant, écrit, j'écris, j'écrivis), to ivrite.
écroulé, -e, ruined.
écu, m., crowH (coin).
écuelle, f. , plate, porringer.
éeuyer, m., equerry, squire.
édifice, m., edijîce, structure.
effet, m. , ejfect, resuit ; en effet, indeed, infact.
efforcer (s'), to endeavour.
effrayer, tofrighten, to -scare, to dismay.
effroi, m. , fright, fear.
effronté, -e, impudent, hold.
effronterie, f., effrontery, impudence.
également, equally, alike, also.
égard, m., regard, considération.
égayer, to enliven, to cheer.
église, f. , church.
égorger, to sJaughter, to slay.
élancer (s'), to spring, to rush, to dart.
élevé, -e, high, lofty ; exalt(d.
élever, to raise : to hring up ; to
CXtdl.
s'élever, to rist.
éleveur, m., hreeder.
éloigner (s'), to go front, away ; to kee2) off; to diff<,r.
embarras, m. , obstruction ; em-
harrastment ; jierplexity.
embrasé, -e, huniing, inflamed.
embaumé, -e,per/nmed, scented.
embusquer (s'), tolie in amhiish,
to Inrk.
émerveillé, -e, ama'xd, u-ondcr-
struck.
émerveillement,m.,aH(a-.'»(e»^^,
wonder.
emmener, to take au-ay, to carry
away.
emparer (s'), to seize, togethold
of, to take possession of.
empêchement, m., obstacle, im-
pediment, hindrance.
emploi, m., situation.
emporté, runaway (horse).
emportement, m., passion,
anger.
emporter, to take aiva.y, to carry away ; s'emporter, to lose
one's temper, to fly into a
passion ; to boit, to run away.
empressement, m., haste, ear-
nestness, cagemess. emprunter, to borrow; to dérive.
ému, -e, moved, affected.
encadrer, to frame ; to encircle,
to sur round.
encombre, impediment, hindrance, obstacle.
encore, again ; yet ; still.
endormir, to send to sleep ;
s'endormir, to go to sleep,
to/all asleep.
énergique, energcfic.
enfance, f., childhood.
enfant, m., child.
enfer, m., hell.
en&a,Jîna//i/, at last.
enflammé, -e, alight, lighfed,
tiurning.
enfoncer (s'), to .tink, to pjlnnge,
to penelrate.
engager, to induce, to invite ;
to pledge.
engeance, f . , race, people.
VOCABULARY
engendrer, to hegel, to produce.
engourdi, -e, beinimhed.
enhardir (s'j, to viake hold, to
herome bold.
enivrement, m. , intoxication,
exaltation.
enlèvement, m., kidiuq^j'ing. enlever, to kidnaj), to carry oji':
to take airay, to remove.
enragé, m., ?naniac, madman.
enseigne, f. , sifjn.
enseignement, m., ttuc/iiny,
tesson.
enseigner, to teach, to shoio.
ensemble, toi/ether.
ensuite, m'xt, then, aftirwards.
entasser, to heap up.
entendre, to hear ; to viean.
entier, -ère, ivhole, entire.
entourer, to sïirrowid.
entraîner, to drag, to lead on.
entre, heticecn, among.
entrecoupé, -e, hroJcen ; inter-
spersed, mingled.
entrée, f. , entrance ; gale, open-
ing.
entremêler, to intermix, to in-
ter7ningle.
entreprendre (like prendre), to
undertah'.
entrer, to enter, to corne in.
entretenir (like tenir), to 7naii/-
tuin, to keep up ; to entertain,
to speak to, to converse toith.
entretien, m., maintenance,
svppo7't ; conversation.
entrevoir (like voir), to catch
sighl of, to see dimly.
environ, ahout.
environs, m. pi., surromidings,
vicinity, neighhourhood. envoyer, (fut. j'enverrai), to
send ; envoyer chercher, to
send for.
épais, se, t/iick.
épargne, f. , savivgs.
épaule, f . , shoulder, épée, f., sword.
éi)erda, -e,dislracled,bewildered,
di^mayed.
épicerie, f., grocery, grocer's
shop or goods.
épiées, f. pi., sjnces.
épingle, f. , pin.
époque, f . , time, period.
épouvante, i.,frighf, terror.
épouvanté, -e, frightened, terri fied.
épreuve, f., trial, ordecd.
éprouver, to test, to try ; to feel,
to expérience.
épuiser, to exhaust ; s'épuiser,
to waste, to be exhaiistfd.
éqiiilibre, m. ,ba(ance, equipoise.
escarcelle, f. , jnirse.
espace, m., space.
espèce, f., sort, kind.
espérance, f. , hope.
espérer, to hope.
espion, m., sj^y.
espoir, m., hope.
esprit, m. , spirit ; minci, soûl.
essayer, to try, to eiidcavour.
estimer, to esteem, to deem.
établi, m., board.
étancher, to quench ; to stanrh.
état, m. , State, condition, trade.
éteindre (like craindre), to ex-
tinguish, to put ouf.
étendard, m., standard, banner.
étendre, to spread, to stretch ;
to lay.
étinceler, to sparkle, to glitter.
étoffe, f., stuff, dot h.
étoile, f., star.
étoile, -e, star-lit, starry.
étonné, -e, astonishcd, amazed.
étonnement, m., astonishment,
iconder.
étouffer, to stitte, to drou-n ; to
choke.
étourdi, -e, stunned, giddy ;
thoughtles!^.
étranger, -èTe,strangtr; Jhreiyn,
foreigntr.
être, m., being.
étreinte, f., embrace.
étrler, ra., atirrup ; à franc
étrier, at full speed.
étroit, -e, narrow.
étude, f. , study.
évacuer, to dear, to evacuate.
évêque, m., bishop.
évidemment, evidently, obvi-
07isly.
éveiller, to aicaJcen, to rouse ;
s'éveiller, to aivake.
éviter, to avoid.
examen, m., examination.
excellence (par), pre-eminently excuser (s'), to apologize.
exemple (à 1') de, in imitation
of, after thc. manne?' of.
exercer, to exercise, ; to fil, to
commit; s'exercer, to practise.
exiger, to demand, to requirc,
to exact.
expansif, -ve, expansive, ««-
reserved.
expérience, f., experiment ; expérience.
expier, to pay, to atone for.
explication, f., e.xplanation.
expliquer, to explain.
exposer, to state, to explain; to
exhihit ; to expose.
exprimer, to express.
fabricant, m., maker, manufacturer.
fabriquer, to make, to mamifacture.
face, f. , face ; faire face, to face ; en face, fixedly ; opposite.
facile, en S'y.
facilement, rasily.
faible, ivcak, s/if/kt, faille.
faillir (faillant, failli, j<^ taux, je faillis), to fait; to be near + présent partioipic.
faim, f. , hunger.
faire (faisant, fait, je fais, je fis, je ferai, que je fasse), to do, to make.
faiseur, m., maker.
fait, m., fact ; dced ; de fait, infact; au fait, by the ivay :
être au fait de, to be informed of ; en fait de, as for.
falloir (fallu, il faut, il fallut, il faudra, qu'il faille), to be necessary; to wavf, to require; must, ought, shoxdd.
famille, i.,family.
farouche, ferocious, fierce.
faucher, to moiv.
faute, f . , faidt ; ivant ; faute de, for want of.
faux, -sse, /rt?.se, untrue.
faux, f. , srythe.
fée, i., fairy.
feinte, f., 2n'etence, show.
femme, f., moman ; loife.
fenêtre, f., icindoiv.
fente, f., slit, crack.
fer, m., iron.
ferme, f . , farm.
ferme, firm, strong ; tenir ferme, to holdfast.
fermer, to shnt, to close.
fermeté, f . , frmness, strength.
festin, ni., banquet, feast.
fête, î., feast, rejoicing.
feu, m.,fire.
feuille, f., leaf.
février, m., February.
ficeler, to tie up.
fier, -ère, proiul, havghty.
fierté, f. , pride.
fièvre, i., ferer.
fille, f., girl ; daughter.
fils, m., S071.
fin, f . , e7id ; purpose.
fin, -e, fine, siender : shrewd.
flacon, m., fidijon, phial.
flamme, f., fianir.
fleur, i., floircr.
flotter, to Jioat ; to waver, to hesitate.
VOCABULARY
foie, m., liver.
fois, f., fime ; à la fois, at the.
sa me fime.
fonction, f. , office, dutiex.
fond, m., bo/tom, farthermosl,
depth.
fontaine, f . , well, ■•^pring, foun-
tain.
force, f. , strenuth : à force de.
hy dint of.
force, adv., plenty of.
forcer, tn force, to ohlù/e, fo
compel.
forestier, m., qame-keeper,
forester.
forme, f., form, shnpe ; par
forme de, hy way of.
fort, m., fort, redoubf, fortification.
fort, -e, Ktronq, atorU, povjer
fui.
fort, adv., rery, (jreatlij.
fossé, m., ditch.
fou, m.,/2inatic, maniacjj ester.
fou, fol, folle, 7yiad, insane.
fougère, i.,fem. foule, f. , croiod.
fourche, f. , fork; fourches de
justice, galloios.
fourchette, î.,forl:
fournir, to' provide, tofwmish.
fourré, m. , thicket.
foyer, m., hearlh,fire.
fraîcheur, f., coolnf<s,freshness.
frais, fraîche ,/ref/i, cool; récent.
franc, -che, frank, sincère; free :
a franc étrler, atfvll speed ;
franc-archer, archer (see
Notes).
franchir, to step over, to cros<.
frangé, -e, frimjed.
frapper, to knock, to hit, to
strike.
frayeur, f., fright, dread,
terrer.
frère, m., brother.
friche, f. , iva.Hfe, fallow Icr,id :
en friche, faXlow.
frocard, m., mmik (contemptuous).
froid, m., cold wealher ; cold, indifférence.
froid, -e, cold ; indiffèrent.
fromage, va., cheese.
front, m. , forehead, face ; impudence.
fuir (fuyant, fui, je fuis, je fuis), to flee, to rtm aivay ; to aroid.
fuite, f. , flight, escape.
fumant, -e, smoking, reeking, fuming.
fumée, f., ■'^moke.
gage, m., lol-en : gages, m.
plur., vjages ; à leurs gages,
in their employ, in their
service.
gagner, to xoin, to earn ; to make
for, to reach.
gant, m., glove.
gantelet, m., gauntlet.
garçon, m., boy, frlloxv.
garde, f., care, keiping ; prendre
garde, to take care ; to heed,
to pay attention to.
garder, to keep ; to tend, to
miad, to look after.
gardien, m., keeper, jailer.
garnir, to provide with, to stock.
garnison, f., garrison.
garrotter, to bind, to pinion.
gars, m., lad.
gauche, f . , left side.
gauche, adj., left; chimsy.
gémeaux, m. pi., gemini (sign
of the Zodiac).
gendarme, m., man-at-arms.
gendarmerie (d'ordonnance),
hounehold cavalry.
gêne, f. , ivant, trouble.
genou, m., hiee.
gens, m. or f . ])1. , people, folk.
gentil, -le, gentle, noble.
gentilhomme, m. , noUeman,
gentleman.
geôle, f., gaol, 2JriHon.
geôlier, m., gaoler.
geste, m. , movement,'niot'ion, nign.
gibet, m., gibbet, gallowK.
grîte, m., shelfer.
gland, ni., acorn.
gobelet, m., cu]), tanJcard.
gorge, f . , throat ; r'avine.
goût, m., taste.
goutter, to drop, to fall drop
by drop, to trickie.
grâce, f . , pardon ; grâce !
mercy ! grâce à, thanla to.
gracieux, -se, graccfod ; klnd.
grain, m., corn, grain.
graine, f., seed.
grand, -e, large, taU, great.
grandir, to groio ; to iurrease.
g^rave, serions, thoughtfid.
grenat, m., garnet.
grenouille, f . , frog.
grille, f . , railing ; grate.
grillé, -e, grated.
grommeler, to grumble.
gros, ni., the main part, the
main body.
gros, -se, big, -stout.
grossier, -ère, coarse, rough.
groupe, m., group, cluster.
gué, m.,ford.
guère, hardly, scarcely.
guérir, to cure.
guérison, f., cure, recoi^ery.
guerre, f. , war.
guerrier, -ère, in. and f.,
warrior, amazon.
guerrier, -ère, adj., marlike,
martial.
gueux, ni., 7-agamuffin, knave.
guichet, m., wicket.
guidon, m., pendant, ensign.
H habit, m., coal, dress.
habitude, f.. habit, custom ; d'habitude, nsnally.
habituer, to accustom, to inure.
hache, f. , axe, hatchei.
haïr (liaïssant, haï, je hai.s), to
hâte.
haletant, -e, panting.
hameau, m., hamiet.
hanap, ni., goblct, tanhard.
hardi, -e, bold, daring.
hardiment, boldly.
hareng, ni., herring.
harnais, m., harness.
hasard, m., luck, chance.
hâter, to lianten ; se hâter, to
hurry, to make haste.
hausser, to raise.
haut, m., top, swmmit. haut, -e, high, tall, lofty.
haut, adv. , aloud.
haut-de-chausses, m., small-
clothes.
hautain, -e, haughty, proud.
hélas! ala.s!
héraut, m., herald.
herbe, f., grass ; en herbe,
green.
herbier, m., herbalist.
héritage, m., iuherilance.
héritier, m., heir.
hêtre, m. , beech tree.
heure, f. , hour, time ; de bonne
heure, early ; tout à l'heure,
jnM now, in a moment.
heureux, -euse, hap2jy, fort un-
ate.
heurter, to knock.
hiere, m., ivy ; the modem
Word is lierre (contraction of
"l'hiere ").
histoire, f . , story, taie ; history.
hiver, m., tvinter.
hocher, to toss, to .shake.
homme, m., man ; homme
d'armes, man-at-armu.
honnêteté, f., honesty, upright-
ness.
honte, f. , shame, disgrâce.
horoscope, m. (faire 1'), to cast
(any one's) nativity.
VOCABULARY
hôte, liôtesse, host, hoste-is;
guest.
boax, m., hoUy.
humeur, f. , temj^er, disposition ;
Inunour.
hurlement, m., hoid.
ici, hère.
idée, f., idea,fancy, notion.
if, m., yew tree.
immobile, motionless, unmoved.
immonde, foui, unchan.
impie, impions, uiujodly.
importe (n'), never mind ; qu' importe, what matttrs ... ?
importer, to he of con.sequence, to malier, to concem.
inattendu, -e, unexpected.
incendie, m., conflagration,Jire.
incendier, to hum, to sttfire to.
incliner (s'), to bow.
inconnu, -e, unhioim.
incroyable, incrtdihie.
indigence, f., poverty, destitution.
indigner (s'), to he indignant, lo btrome indignant.
indiquer, to show, to direct to.
inespéré, -e, mihoped for, unexpected.
informer, to in/orm; s'informer, to inqrdre.
inquiet, -iète, anxious.
inquiétude, f., anxiety.
insouciance, f., carelessness, recMessness.
instruire (like conduire), to teach ; to inform.
insuccès, m., failure,
intendant, m., steward.
intention (à son), foi- her sake, on her acconnt.
interlocuteur, -trice, interlocutor.
interrogatoire, m. ,examination.
interroger, to que-'ition, to examine.
interrompre, to interrupt.
inutile, vseless.
invité, m., guest.
involontairement, umv'dlingly. ironique, ironiccd.
irrité, -e, incensed, ircUe.
jamais, never; à jamais, for
ever.
jambe, f., leg.
jaunâtre, yelloicish.
jeter, to throio.
jeun (à), u'ith an empty stomach.
jeune, young, youthfuL jeunesse, f., youtli.
joie, i., joy, mirth.
joindre (like craiudre), to join,
to connect.
jouer, to play ; c'est jouer de
malheur, an unluchy chance!
se jouer, to he enacted; se jouer
de, to laugh at.
jouet, m., foy, plaything ; prey.
joug, m., yoke.
jouir, to enjoy.
jour, m., day ; de jour, hyday.
journée, f., day.
joyaux, m. T^\.,jeweh.
joyeux, -euse, cheerfid.
judiciaire, legcd, judicial.
juif, -ve, Jew, Jewish.
jurer, to sicear.
jusqu'à, jusqu'à ce que, untiL justement, just : jvxtly ; just so.
là, there.
laborieux, -ieuse, hard-%corking ,
induslrious.
labourer, to plough, to till. laboureur, m., idoughman, hus-
handmun.
lâcher, to le.t go, to release.
ladrerie, f. , leper hospital.
laisser, to ht go ; to allow ; to
leave ; se laisser aller, to give
tvay.
lait, m., i)iilk.
lambeau, in., rag, acrap.
lancer, fo throiv ; to cani (a
look), lancette, f., lancet.
langue, f. , tongue.
larme, f., tear.
lasser, to tire; se lasser, to
tire, to grow tired.
laver, to wash.
lecteur, m., reader.
lecture, f., re.ading, peruital.
lég-er, -gère, light, slight.
légèrement, lightly, slightly legs, m., beque-st.
lendemain, m., morroir, neoct
day.
lentement, slowly.
leste, nimhle, brish.
lever, to raise ; se lever, to rise.
libérateur, -trice, noun, de-
liverer, liherator.
libérateur, -trice, adj., of free-
dovi, of libération.
libre, free.
librement, freely.
licou, m., halter.
lien, m., bond, strap.
lierre, m., ivy.
lieu, m., place ; au lieu de, in-
stead of; avoir lieu, fo tal-c
place ; tenir lieu, to act as, to
do dutyfor.
lieue, f., league.
liqueur, f. , liquor.
lire (lisant, lu, je lis, je lus),
to read.
lisière, f. , border, skirt.
lit, 111., bed, conrh.
litière, f. , littcr.
livrée, f. , lireri/.
livrer, fo gim up, to surrender :
se livrer, to yield, to give one'n
self up.
loi, f. , latv.
loin, far, in the distance ; de
loin, from a distance ; de loin
en loin, at infervals.
long, -grue, long, le.ngthy ; sloiv.
long, m., length ; le iong de.
alongside of longtemps, a long time.
longuement, at lengfh, long.
longueur, f., lengfh.
lors, then ; lors de, at the fim«
of lorsque, ^vhen.
louer, to praise, to thank ; to let,
to hire.
loup, m., wolf lourdement, hearily.
lueur, f. , gleam, glimpse.
lugubre, dreary, dismal.
luisant, -e, .nhiny, glosiy.
lune, f., moon.
lunette, f., glasses, sjiectacles.
lutter, to struggle.
luxe, m., liixury.
machinalement, mechanically.
magie, f., magie.
magique, magical.
mai, 111., May.
main, f. , hnnd.
maintenant, now.
maintenir (like tenir), to maintain, to keep, to j/reserve.
mais, but.
maison, f., houf^e.
maître, m., master, lord.
maîtresse, f. , mistress, lady.
mal, m., eril, harm; pain, disease.
mal, adv. , badly, ïll.
malade, m., patient.
malade, adj., ill.
maladie, f. , illness.
malandrin, m., ragamuffin.
maie (obsolète), mère. See Notes.
maléfices, m. pi. , witchcraft.
malencontre, t., mishap.
malfaisant, -e, mischievous.
malgré, in spite of.
VOCACULARY.
ii;^
malbeur, m. , misforlune ; de
malheiir, cui-sed.
mallieureusement, unlackily,
unfortunately.
malheureux, -euse, unhappy,
wifortunatc ; wreich.
manclie, m.,ha.ndle; fem. , sleeve.
manger, to tat.
manière, f., manner, faahion.
manquer, to fail; to laclc, to
want.
manteau, m., cloak, cape.
marche, f., progress ; se remettre en marche, to starl
again.
marcher, to walk.
mare, f . , jMiid.
masure, f., shed, hovd.
mât, m., mast.
matin, m., morning.
mauvais, -e, had, ivicked.
mauvaiseté, f., ivickedness.
méchant, -e, loicked.
méconnaitre, to deny, ignore.
mécontentement, m., discov-
tent.
médecin, m. , physician.
meilleur, -e, better.
mêlée, f., affray.
mêler, to viix, to mingle.
membre, m., Itmb, member.
même, even : self; à même, abk
to.
mensonge, m., lie, \mtruth.
menteur, m., liar.
mentir (like sentir), to lie.
méprendre (se), to be mistahn.
méprisant, conte7npiuous, -scorn-
ful.
mer, f., sect.
mère, f., mother.
merveilleusement, marre/lous-
ly.
messire, m., ma^ter; sir.
mesure, f. , extent; à mesure
que, in projiortion as.
métier, m., irade.
mets, m., disk; food.
mettre (mettant, mis, je mets,
je mis), to place, to put, ta
set (fiie) ; se mettre à, to
begin to.
mieux, better.
milice, bnnd, host.
milieu, m., middle, centre.
mince, thin.
miroir, m., mirror.
miséricorde, f., mercy ; dagger
ofmercy.
miséricordieux, -euse, merci-
ful.
moine, m., monk.
moins, adv., less ; du moins, at
least.
mois, m., month.
moisson, f. , crop, harvest.
moissonné, -e, eut clown.
momentané, -e, momentary.
monacal, -e, monachal.
monde, m. , world ; peoplt ;
tout le monde, ererybody.
montrer, to ,^how.
monture, f., nag.
mordre, to bite.
morsure, bite ; sting.
mort, m., dead, deceased.
mort, f., death.
mort, -e, dead.
mot, m., Word.
moule, m., moidd.
moyen, m., means.
mouillé, -e, wet, bcdhed.
mourir (mourant, mouru, je
meurs, je mourus, je mourrai,
que je meure), to die.
mousse, f., moss.
mouton, m., sheep; rmitton. mouvoir (mouvant, mu, je
meux, je mus), to more.
muet, -te, dumb.
mugissement, m., belloiving.
mur, m., >rcdL mûr, -e, ripe.
muraille, f., loall.
musc, m., musk.
muscadelle, f., muscatel (wine)
N nager, lo svnm.
naissance, f., hirth.
naître (naissant, né, je nais, je
nacquis), to be boni.
nécessaire, m., nece>isaries ;
ivha/ is necessary.
négliger, to neglect.
neige, f., snov).
nez, m., nose.
noblesse, f., nobilUy.
noël ! Imrrah !
noir, -e, black, dark.
nom, m., name.
nombre, m., number.
nombreux, -euse, numcroiit.
nommer, to rail, to tell ; se
nommer, to be called.
nord, m., north.
nourrir, to nourish, tofee.d.
nourriture, i.,fooil.
nouveau (nouvel, nouvelle),
neio , de nouveau, afie!*;. nouvelle, f., neivs.
noyer, to droion.
noyer, m., walnut tree.
nuage, m., doud.
nuée, f., cloud.
nuire (nuisant, uni, je nuis, je
nuisis), to liarm.
nuisible, harmfid.
nuit, f., night; de nuit, liy
nif/ht, at night.
nul, -le, no, not any.
obtenir (like tenir), to obtain.
occasionner, to cause, to détermine.
œil, m., eye.
œuvre, f. , deed, toork.
ofBce, m., divine service.
ofiBce, f., pantry.
ofiScier, m., officer.
offrir (offrant, offert, j'offre, j'offris), to offer.
Oiseau, m., bird.
ombre, f. , shade, .■ihadow ; darkncss.
onguent, m., ointment.
opulence, f. , wealth.
or, m., gohl.
or, 7101V.
ordinaire, ordinary : peu ordinaire, uncommoii.
ordonner, to order.
ordre, m., order ; discipline.
orge, f., barley.
orner, to adorn.
orphelin, -e, orphan.
os, m., bo7ie.
oser, to dare.
ossement, m., hone.
ôter, to take off, to remove.
ou, or.
où, luhere.
oublier, toforget.
oui, yes.
ourdi, -e, conrocted.
outil, m., tool.
outre, besides, beyoïid, en outre.
besides ; passer outre, to proceed.
ouvert, -e, broad, open, réceptive.
ouvrage, m., ivork ; task.
ouvrir (like offrir), to open.
paille, f., ,'itraw.
pain, m., birad.
paisible, peacefvl, quiet.
paître (like paraître), to graze.
paix, f., peace.
palais, m., palatc, roof(oî tlie
niouth), palace..
pâlir, to grow pale, to turn jmle;
to wave, to/ade.
palpitant, -e, jianting.
pan, m. , skirt, pièce, side.
panique, f . , j^cinic.
panique, adj., panical.
panser, to dre.ss.
pansement, m., drcnsing.
VOCABULARY
paraître (like connaitre), io ap-
jiear, Io -seem.
parc, m., park.
parce que, becaiise.
parchemin, m., parchment.
parcourir (like courir), to trarel
over ; to lool- orer.
pardieu ! hy Jot-e !
pareil, m., like, felloic-man.
pareil, -le, like, aimilar. parent, m., parent ; relative.
parfois, somctimes, at times.
parfumer, to perfume, to sceiU.
parier, to bet.
parler, to speak.
parloir, m. , parlonr.
parmi, among, beticeen.
psiroisse, f., pannh.
parole, f., word.
parqué, -e, peuned, folded (of
animais).
part, f., part, portion ; share :
nulle part, noichere : à part,
apart, amie ; de la part de,
on or f 7-07)1 the part of, in the
7iame of ; faire part de, to
i7iform of.
partager, to share, to divide.
parti, m., parti/; detachment ;
part, si de; décision; prendre
son parti, to 7nake up 07it^s
mind.
