acte, w., act, action, deed; de

décès, certifîcate of death.

acti-f, ve, active.

adieu, /;/., adieu, farewell.

adjoint, ///., assistant mayor.

admirable, admirable, excellent.

admirer, to admire, wonder at.

s'adresser, to apply.

affaire,/, affair, business, trouble,

scrape, quarrel.

s'affaisser, to sink, fall.

affiche,/., bill, poster, placard.

affreu-z, se, dreadful, frightful,

terrible.

affût, /«., gun-carriage.

agir, to act, to deal.

agiter, to shake, wave ; s' , be

agitated, move.

agréable, agreeable, pleasant.

aide, w., aid, helper, assistant.

aider, to aid, assist, help.

aie, aies, from avoir, aigle, m,^ eagle.

VOCABULARY

aigreur, /., bitterness, ill-nature,

ill-will, malice, anger.

aiguille, /., needle, spire, steeple,

hand (of a clock or watch).

aile,/., wing.

ailleurs, elsewhere; d' , be-

sides, moreover.

aimer, to love, like, be fond of.

ainsi, so, thus, therefore.

air, ///., air, wind; look, appear-

ance; tune, song.

aisance,/, ease, comfort.

aise,/, ease, comfort, pleasure.

ait, subj. of avoir, ajouter, to add.

ajuster, to take aim.

alcôve,/, alcôve, recess.

alêne,/, awl.

aligné, in a line, straight.

allée, / , going, walking ; passage,

path, walk.

Allemagne,/, Germany.

Allemand, e, German.

aller, to go ; s'en to go away.

allié, /;/., ally.

allonger, to lengthen, hasten,

stretch.

allons, come !

allumer, to light, kindle.

alors, then.

ambassadeur, ///., ambassador.

ambition,/, ambition.

ambulance,/, ambulance.

âme,/, soûl, spirit.

amener, to bring, lead.

amer, e, bitter, hard, sad.

amèrement, bitterly.

amertume,/, bitterness, grief.

amitié,/, friendship, affection.

amorce,/, priming.

amour, m.^ love.

amoureux, w., lover.

ampoule,/, blister.

amuser, to amuse, divert.

an, w., year.

ancien, m,^ old man, vétéran, old

soldier.

anéantir, to destroy, ruin.

aninial, w., animal, brute.

année,/, a year.

anniversaire, w., anniversary.

annoncer, to announce, proclaim.

antique, antique, old. août (ou), VI. y August.

apercevoir, to perceive, see.

aplatir, to flatten.

appel, w., call, roU-call, calling.

appeler, to call, name.

appétit, /«., appetite.

apporter, to bring.

apprendre, to learn, hear.

apprentissage, m.^ apprentice-

ship.

apprêter, to prépare.

approcher, to draw near, ap-

proach; s* , to come near.

appuyer, to support, prop, lean.

après, after; d' , from, ac-

cording to.

après-midi, / , afternoon.

arbre, ///., tree.

arche,/, arch.

ardeur,/, eagerness, zeal.

ardoise,/) slate.

VOCABULARY

argent, /;/., silver, money.

argenté, silver-plated.

arme, /., arm, weapon; place

d'armes, parade ground.

armé, cocked.

armée,/, army. armistice, ;//., armistice, truce.

armoire,/., closet.

arracher, to pull, draw, pluck

out, pull up.

arranger, to arrange.

arrêter, to stop.

arrière, ;//., rear; en , be-

hind.

arrière-garde,/, rear.

arrivée,/, arrivai.

arriver, to arrive, corne to, to

happen.

arrondir, to round ; le dos,

to bend the back.

arrondissement, m.^ district.

arsenal, ///., arsenal.

artillerie (artiyerie),/, artillery.

artilleur (artiyeur), w., artillery-

man.

assaut, ;;/., assault, attack.

asseoir, to sit, sit down; s' ,

to sit down.

assez, enough, quite.

assiéger, to besiege.

assiette,/, plate.

assis, e, sitting, seated (part, of

asseoir), assommer, to knock down, kill.

assurer, to assure.

âtre, ;«., fireplace, hearth.

attacher, to tie, bind, fasten.

attaque,/, attack, onset, charge.

attaquer, to attack.

attelé, e, hitched, drawn.

en attendant, in the meantime,

meanwhile.

attendre, to expect, wait, look for,

wait for; s' à, to expect.

attendri, e, moved, affected.

attendrir, to make tender, move,

affect; s' , to be moved.

attendrissement, -;//., compassion, émotion, feeling.

attention,/, attention.

attirer, to draw, pull.

attraper, to catch, get.

auberge,/, inn, tavern.

aubergiste, w., innkeeper.

aucun-e, one, any ; with neg.,

none, no.

au-dessous, under, below.

au-dessus, over, above.

augmenter, to increase.

aujourd'hui, to-day.

auprès de, near, by, beside, com-

pared with.

auquel, to whom, to which.

aussi, also, too, likewise, as, as

much, therefore.

aussitôt, immediately.

autant, as much, so much, as well,

as many ; d' plus, so much

the more, ail the more.

automne (m- silent), w., autumn.

autour, about, round.

autre, other.

autrement, otherwise. Autrichien, Austrian.

VOCABULARY

auxquels, auxquelles, to whom, to which.

avaler, to swallow.

avance, /, advance ; d' , in

advance.

avancée,/., out-work (of a fort).

avancer, to advance, go, move,

come forward, project ; s' ,

to go forward.

avant, ;//., front.

avant, before, beforehand.

avantage, ///., advantage.

avant-garde, /, vanguard, advance.

avec, with.

avenir, w., future.

avenue,/., avenue, passage.

averse,/, shower, storm.

avertir, to warn, inform.

aveugle, blind.

avidité,/, greediness.

avis, ;;/., opinion.

avoine,/, oats.

avoir, to hâve.

avril, ;//., April.

ayons, subj. of avoir.

Badois, Badensian, from Baden.

bagage, w., baggage.

bagarre,/, brawl, squabble.

baigner, to bathe.

bâiller, to gape, yawn.

bain, ;;/., bath.

baïonnette,/, bayonet.

baisser, to lower, let fall, stoop.

balayer, to sweep, clear away.

balcon, ;//., balcony.

balle,/, bail, bullet, baie, pack, ballot, m., baie, pack.

balustrade,/, balustrade, railing.

ban, m., proclamation, call.

banc, ///., bench, seat, pew.

bandage, w., bandage.

bande,/, band, troop, gang.

bandeau, ;;;., band, bandage,

strip.

bander, to bind, tie, bandage.

bandit, ;//., bandit, robber.

bandoulière, /, shoulder-belt,

strap, sling.

baraque,/, but, cabin.

barbare, barbarous, cruel, barbe,/, beard.

baron, ;//., baron, lord.

barricader, to barricade.

bas, se, low, in a low voice; en

, below.

bas, ;//., stocking.

bastion, ;;/., bastion, bulwark.

bataille, /, battle; en , in

battle array.

bataillon, ///., battalion.

bateau, m., boat.

bâtiment, w., building.

bâtir, to build.

bâton, ///., stick, staff, batterie,/, battery.

battre, to beat, strike; se ,

to fight.

baume, w., balm.

Bavarois, /;/., Bavarian.

beau, bel, belle, fine, handsome,

beautiful.

VOCABULARY

beaucoup, much, many.

bec, m.f bill, beak.

bel, see beau.

bêler, to bleat.

Belgique,/, Belgium.

bénir, to bless, praise, give thanks.

béquille,/., crutch.

berceau, w., cradle.

berline,/, kind of coach.

besoin, ;//., need; au , in case

of need.

bête,/, beast, brute.

bêtise,/, folly, stupidity.

beurre, ;;/., butter.

bien, ;«., good, benefit, property.

bien, well, right, very, quite, in-

deed.

bienheureu-z, happy, blessed.

bientôt, soon.

bière,/, béer, billet, ;;?., bill, note, ticket, bique,/, nag, pony.

bivac, w., camp.

bivaquer, to encamp.

blan-c, che, white.

blanchir, to whiten, clear.

blé, ;//., grain, wheat.

blessé, wounded.

blesser, to hurt, wound.

blessure,/, wound.

bleu, ;//. , blue ; de ciel, sky-

blue.

bloc, ;//., block, mass.

blond, e, blond, fair, light.

blouse,/, blouse, short coat. boeuf, ;//., ox, beef.

Bohême,/, Bohemia.

Bohémien, /;;., gypsy.

boire, to drink.

bois, ?n.y wood, forest.

boisé, e, woody, wooded.

boîte,/, box.

boiter, to limp.

boiteu-z, se, lame.

bon, ne, good.

bon, m. y order, draft.

bond, m., bound, jump.

bonheur, m., good-luck, happi-

ness.

bonjour, m.^ good-morning.

bonnet, m., cap; de police,

foraging-cap.

bonsoir, w., good-evening, good-

night.

bonté,/, goodness, kindness.

bord, /;/., edge, side, shore.

bordé, e, bordered.

border, to edge, border.

borgne, one-eyed.

borgne, ///., one-eyed man.

bossu, hunchbacked.

botte,/, boot, bundle.

bouche, /, mouth ; à feu,

cannon.

bouché, stopped.

boucher, w., butcher.

boucler, to buckle.

boue,/, dirt, mud.

bouffée,/, puff, whiff.

bouger, to stir, move.

bouillon, m., broth.

boulanger, m,, baker.

boule,/., bail.

bouleau, m.^ birch-tree.

IJO

VOCABULARY

boulet, ///., buUet, bail, cannon-

ball.

bouleverser, to upset, over-

whelm.

bourbe,/., mud, mire.

bourdonnement, ;/;., buzzing,

humming, rattling.

bourdonner, to buzz, hum.

bourgade,/., village.

bourgeois, w., citizen.

bousculer, to push, jostle, drive.

bout, /;/., end, bit, pièce, bouteille,/., bottle.

boutique,/., shop.

boyau, ;;/., pipe, narrow passage.

braise,/, live coal.

brancard, ///., litter.

branche,/, branch.

bras, /;/., arm.

brasser, to mix, knead. brasserie,/, brewery.

brasseur, w., brewer.

brave, brave, good.

bravoure,/, bravery, courage.

bref, short, abrupt.

bretelle,/, strap.

bride,/, bridle.

brigade,/, brigade.

brigand, /;/., brigand, robber,

rascal.

briller, to shine, sparkle, glitter.

brique,/, brick.

briser, to break.

broderie,/, embroidery.

brosse,/, brush.

brouillard, w., mist, fog.

broussailles, /., //., bushes.

brouter, to browse, eat.

bruine,/, drizzling rain, mist.

bruit, fn.y noise, report.

brûler, to burn.

brûlure,/, burn.

brun, e, brown, dark.

brusquement, harshly, hastily.

bruyère,/, heather.

bu, e, part, of boire, bûche,/, log, block of wood.

bulletin, ///., bulletin, report, bureau, ///., office burette,/, cruet.

butin,;//., booty, spoil, plunder.

buvais, from boire, buvçur, w., drinker.

ça, this, that.

cabinet, ;//., closet.

cacher, to hide, conceal.

cadeau, w., gift, présent.

cadran, m. y dial.

cadre, m,, list, rank.

café, ;//., cofiee, restaurant.

cage,/, cage.

caillou, ///., pebble, cobblestone.

caisse,/, box, chest, drum.

caisson, ///., caisson, ammunition

wagon.

calèche, /, calash, kind of car-

riage.

calme, calm, quiet.

calme, ;;/., caimness, tranquillity.

camarade, ///., comrade, com-

panion.

campagne,/, country, campaign.

VOCABULARY

camper, to encamp, camp, cannelle,/, cinnamon.

canon, //^., cannon.

canonnade,/., cannonade.

canonner, cannonade.

canonnier, w., gunner.

canton, ///., district. cantonner, to quarter.

capable, capable, able.

capitaine, ;//., captain.

caporal, ;//., corporal.

capote,/, cloak, mantle.

car, for, because, caractère, w., character.

carnage, ;//., slaughter, massacre.

carré, square, stout, broad-shoul-

dered.

carré, ;//., square.

cartouche,/, cartridge.

cas, ;//., case.

casaque,/, overcoat, casaquin, ;//., short coat, jacket.

caserne,/., barrack.

caserner, to lodge in barracks.

casque, ///., helmet.

casquette,/, cap.

casser, to break.

cassine, /, but, cabin.

castor, ///., beaver hat.

cause, /, cause, reason ; a

de, on account of.

causer, to cause; to talk, chat.

cavalerie,/, horse, cavalry.

cavalier, w., trooper, horseman.

cave, /, cellar.

ce, cet, this, that, it, he, she.

ceci, this.

céder, to yield, give up, resign,

give way.

cela, that.

célébrer, to celebrate.

celle,/, that.

celui, he, that ; là, w., that

one. cendre,/, ashes.

cent, hundred.

centaine,/, a hundred.

cependant, nevertheless, yet,

however.

cercle, ///., circle, cerisier, w., cherry-tree.

certain, e, certain.

cerveau, ///., the brain.

cesse,/, ceasing, intermission.

cesser, to cease, end, stop, cet, ;//., cette,/, this, that.

ceux, pi. of celui, chacun, e, every one, every body,

each.

chagrin, m.^ trouble, grief, sor-

row.

chagriner, to grieve, trouble.

chaîne,/, chain.

chaise,/, chair, seat.

chaleur,/, beat, warmth.

chambre, / chamber, room.

chambrée,/, number of soldiers

that lodge and eat together;

roomful, mess, mess-room.

champ, m.^ fîeld.

chance,/, chance, luck.

chandelle,/, candie.

changement, m,, change, changer, to change.

ing.

chanoine, n',, canor ohant, m., singing, s cbaater, lo ïing.

chanvre, m., hemp.

chapeau, m., hat.

chaque, evcty, each.

charge./., loaii, chaigc.

charger, chatge, lonil; se

undcrtake.

charme, m., charm.

charrette,/, cari.

chasse, /, hunting, ciiisi

cbasBer, to chnsc, to dr[vc away.

chasseur, m., light cavalry or iufantry.

château, m., cistle, pnixcc.

chaud, e, hoi, waim.

chauffer, to waim, grow waim.

chaume, ru., Ihalch.

chaussée,/, highway, road, -chaussette, /, stock ing.

chauve, UciKI chauTre-souria, / , bat.

chef, m,, heail chief coinnianJr.'t.

chemin, m., way, load.

cheminée,/, chimney.

chemise,/!, shirt.

chenapan, m., roguc.

cbÔne, m., oalc.

chercher, to scck, fcich, gci.

cb6remetit, dcatly.

cheval,'» ., horse [ à , on

cheveu, m., hair, chèvre,/, goat.

:i the house of, among.

chieu, rn., dog.

chirurgien, m., surgeon,

majcr, chiel surgeon.

choisir, choosc, seiecl.

chope,/, glas;.

chose,/, thing.

choucroute, /, sauer-ltraut.

ciel, m., heaven, aky.

cime,/, top.

cimetière, m., cemetery.

oinquantaine,/, about lïfty.

■ctnqante, flity cinquième, fidh.

/, circumstance.

citadelle,/ ciladcl.

citerne,/, cistern.

civière,/, hand-barrow, bier.

clair, e, clear, Inighl, clearly.

clairement, cl oarly, distinctiy.

clameur,/, clamoi, outcry.

clapotement, m., splashing, claquement, i?i.,eraàii'B^.

clarinette,/, clarionct.

clef (Clé),/, key.

cligner, to wink.

cloche,/, beil.

clocher, m., stcepU, belfiy.

clou, m., nail.

cceur, m., heart.

cohorte,/, cohoit, company.

coin, m., cornei; da fou,

chimncy-cornei.

VOCABULARY

colback, /;?. , a kind of cap (worn

by cavalrymen).

colère,/, anger, wrath, passion.

collé, e, glued, sticking.

collège, ;;/., collège.

collet, w., collar.

colline,/, hill.

colombier, m.^ pigeon-house.

colonel (ko-lo-nel), m.y colonel.

colonne,/, column.

colporteur, w., pedler.

combat, ;//., combat, fight, fight-

ing.

combattant, w., combatant,

fighting-man.

combattre, to fight.

combien, how much, how many,

how.

commandant, w., commander,

major.

commandement, m.^ command,

order.

commander, to command.

comme, as, like, as it were.

commencement, w., beginning,

commencement.

commencer, to begin, commence, comment, how.

commerçant, w., trader, merchant.

commerce, ;;/., commerce, trade,

business.

commun, e, common, public.

communiquer, to communi-

cate.

compagnie, /C, company.

comparaison, / , comparison.

compliment, m,^ a compliment,

regards, message.

comprendre, to comprehend, un.

derstand.

compris, e, from comprendre, compromettre, to compromise,

expose.

compte, w., account, profit.

compter, to count.

comptoir (ko;/-twar), w.,

counter.

concierge, »/., doorkeeper.

condition,/, condition, terms.

conduire, to conduct, lead, guide,

direct.

conduite, /, conduct, care, discrétion, prudence.

conférence, /, conférence, par-

ley.

confiance, /., confidence, trust,

hope.

se confier, to trust.

confondre, to confound, mix,

blend, mingle.

confondu, e, confounded, dis-

mayed, puzzled.

conformation, /, formation,

shape.

confus, e, confounded, confused.

confusion,/, confusion, disorder.

connais, près, of connaître, connaître, to know, understand,

be acquainted with, connu, e, known (part, of connaître), conscription, /., conscription,

draft.

VOCABULARY

conscrit, m,^ conscript, recruit,

young soldier.

conseil, w., counsel, advice, coun-

conseiller, w., counsellor;

municipal, memlxîr of the city

council. conserver, to préserve, keep.

considérer, to consider, think.

consigne,/., order.

consolation,/., comfort, consolation.

consoler, to comfort, console.

consternation, /. , consternation,

terrer.

consterner, to dismay, discourage.

content, e, contented, happy,

pleased.

continuer, to continue, go on.

contraire, ///., contrary.

contre, against, contrary to.

contribution, /., contribution,

tax.

convaincre, to convince.

convoi, w,, procession, convoy,

train, copeau, ///., chip, shaving.

coq, ;//., cock.

corbeau, ///., raven.

corde,/, rope, cord, string.

cordon, w., string.

corne,/, horn.

corps, w., body, corps, régiment;

à , hand to hand ;

de garde, guanl-house.

Cosaque, ^//., Cossack.

côte,/, rib, hill.

côté, w., side, direction.

coton, w/., cotton.

cou, ///., neck.

couchant, setting.

coucher, to lay, lie down, sleep;

se , to go to bed. to lie

down, to set, go down.

coude, w., elbow, angle, bend, couler, to flow, run.

couleur,/, color, coup, ;//., blow, stroke, dash, discharge, shot; d'œil, glance;

tout à , ail at once, sud-

denly, couper, to eut.

cour,/, yard, courage, w., courage.

courageu-x, se, courageous,

brave.

courber, to bend or bow, coureur, ;//., runner, messenger.

courir, to run, go, hurry, spread,

circulate, go about.

couronne,/, crown.

couronner, to crown.

courrier, 7//., courier, messenger.

courroie,/, strap.

cours, près, of courir, cours, ///., course.

court, e, short.

cousin, VI. y cousin.

cousine,/., cousin.

couteau, ;//., knife.

coûter, to cost.

couvert, e, covered.

couvrir, to cover, bide, conceal,

drown.

VOCABULARY

craindre, to fear, dread.

crainte,/., fear.

cramponner, to cling to.

craquer, to crack.

cravate,/, cravat.

crédit, ni, y crédit, trust.

crépi, ;//., plaster.

crépu, curly.

crépuscule, ///., twilight.

creu-x, se, hollow.

creux, w., hole, hollow.

crève-cœur, »/., grief, trouble, heart-breaking.

cri, w., cry, clamor, shout.

cribler, to riddle, fiU, cover.

crier, to cry, shout.

crochu, hooked, crooked.

croire, to believe, think, suppose.

croisée,/, window.

croiser, to cross.

croix,/, cross.

crosse,/, butt-end of a gun.

crotté, dirty, muddy.

croupe,/, back, croup.

cru, from croire.

cruche,/, pitcher.

cueillir, to^ather, pick.

cuirasse,/, cuirass, breastplate.

cuirassier, ;//., heavy cavalry.

cuisine,./, kitchen.

cuisse,/, thigh, leg.

cuivre, ///., copper.

curé, ;//., parson, priest.

curieux, se, curious.

cuveau, w,, little tub.

cuvette,/., case, basin.

danger, /;/., danger.

dangereu-x, se, dangerous.

dans, in, into.

danse,/, dance.

danser, to dance.

de, of, from, off, out of, with, at.

débâcle,/, rout, ruin, defeat.

débandé, disbandcd, wandering. débarrasser, to clear, free, rid.

déborder, approach^ surround.

déboucher, to corne out.

déboucler, to unbuckle.

debout, up, standing.

débris, /«., ruins, remains.

décembre, w., December.

décès, m,y deccase, death; acte

de , certifîcate of death.

décharge,/, discharge.

décharger, to discharge.

décharné, lean, thin.

déchirant, heart-rending.

déchirer, to tear, mangle.

décider, to décide.

déclarer, to déclare.

décombres, w. //., rubbish.

décoration,/, décoration.

décorer, to decorate.

découper, to eut, carve.

décourager, to discourage, dis*

hearten.

découverte,/, discovery.

découvrir, to discover, see.

décrépit, décrépit, crazy, old.

dedans, là , inside.

défaire, to undo, untie.

défait, undone, unmade, thin, pale.

VOCABULARY

défaite,/, defeat.

défaut, m., defect, fault, imperfection.

défendre, to défend, forbid.

défense,/, defence.

défiance,/, distrust, suspicion.

se défier de, to mistrust, distrust, suspect.

défilé, w., file, march, train.

défiler, to file by, march.

défit, prêt, of défaire.

défoncer, to knock out, break.

dégoûter, to disgust.

degré, w., degree.

déguenillé, tattered, ragged.

dehors, outside.

déjà, already.

déjeuner, to breakfast.

délier, to untie.

déluge, m, y déluge, flood.

demain, w., to-morrow.

demander, to demand, ask.

demeure,/, dwelling, house.

demeurer, to dwell, live, remain.

demi, e, half; heure, /,

half-hour; lune, /, half-

moon, earthwork.

à la demi-ration, on half rations.

démonter, to dismount.

dent,/, tooth.

départ, w., departure.

dépasser, to pass over, to overtop,

se dépêcher, to make haste, fiasten.

dépérir, to waste away, perish.

déplaire, to dispicasc.

déplier, to unfold, spread.

déployer, to spread out, open,

deploy.

dépôt, w., dépôt, resting-place.

dépouiller, to strip, rob, plunder.

depuis, since, from, after, during,

later.

déranger, to disturb.

dernier, last.

dérouler, to unroll.

déroute, /., rout, disorder, confusion.

dérouté, astray, bewildered.

derrière, behind.

derrière, w., rear.

dès que, as soon as. descendre, to descend, corne

down, descente,/, descent, slope.

désennuyer, to divert, amuse.

déserteur, ;//., déserter.

désespérer, to despair.

désespoir, ///., despair, trouble, déshabiller, to undress.

désirer, to désire, wish.

désolation,/, désolation, grief,

affliction, despair.

désolé, e, doleful, disconsolate.

desquels, desquelles (for de

lesquels f de lesqîtelles^, dessiner, to outline, show.

dessous, underneath, under, be-

low.

dessus, upon, above, on it, on

them, about it; là , over it.

au-dessus de, above, over.

dessus, m. y advantage, upper

hand.

VOCABULARY

détachement, m. y detachment.

détacher, to take off, remove, detach,

détail, VI, y détail.

détente,/., trigger.

déterré, w., corpse, ghost.

détonation,/, report.

détourner, to turn away; se , to turn aside.

détriment, w., détriment, damage.

détruire, to demolish, destroy, overthrow.

deux, two.

deuxième, second.

devant, before, in front of.

devanture,/, show-window.

devenir, to become.

deviner, to guess, conjecture.

devoir, to owe, to be, must, ought, should.

devoir, ;//., duty.

diable, ;//., devil, wretch, fellow.

diane,/, reveille.

Dieu, m. y God.

difficile, hard, difficult.

dimanche, w., Sunday.

diminuer, to diminish, decrease.

dîner, to dine.

dîner, ///., dinner.

dire, to tell, say, speak.

direction,/, direction.

discipline,/, discipline.

discours, ;;/., discourse, speech.

disparaître, to disappear.

disposition,/, disposition, state, mind.

'dissiper, to scatter, disperse.

distance,/, distance.

distribuer, to distribute, divide.

distribution,/, distribution.

division,/, division.

dix, ten ; huit, eighteen ;

neuf, nineteen.

dixième, tenth.

dizaine,/, ten.

docteur, m.^ doctor.

doigt, m. y finger.

dois, doit, près, of devoir.

domestique, w., servant.

dominer, to command, overlook.

donc, then, therefore.

donner, to give.

dont, whose, of which.

doré, gilt, gold color, golden.

dormir, to sleep.

dos, ///., back.

double, double.

doucement, softly, gently, slowly.

douceur,/, gentleness, mildness.

douleur,/, pain, grief, affliction.

doute, fn,y doubt.

se douter de, to think, suspect.

dou-x, ce, mild, gentle.

douzaine,/, dozen.

douze, twelve.

dragon, w., dragoon.

drap, ///., cloth, sheet, covering.

drapeau, /;/., flag.

dresser, to set, raise, prick .up,

stand, rise on end, arrange,

straighten.

droit, e, right, straight, upright.

droit, m, y right.

VOCABULARY

duel, m. y duel.

dur, e, hard, firm, tough.

durant, during.

durcir, to harden, get hard.

durer, to last, continue.

eau,/., water.

eau-de-vie, brandy.

éblouissant, e, dazzling, brilliant.

s'ébranler, to move, start.

écarquiller, to open wide.

écarté, e, removed, projecting.

écarter, to remove, drive away,

disperse; s' ,to go out, départ.

échanger, to exchange.

échapper, to escape.

écharpe, /., scarf, sling, sash.

échelle,/., ladder.

échine,/., back, spine.

écho (éko), ;//., écho.

éclair, w., flash.

éclairer, to light up, illuminate,

enlighten.

éclaireur, ///., scout.

éclat, vt.y noise, clamor, cry.

éclatant, e, bright, shining, glit-

tering, loud.

éclater, to break out, shine,

sparkle, burst.

école,/., school.

économie,/, economy.

économiser, to economize.

s'écouler, to go, move, pass by.

écouter, to hear, listen.

écraser, to crush.

s'écrier, to cry out, exclaim.

écrire, to write.

écriture,/, writing.

s'écrouler, to fall, tumble down.

écume,/, foam.

édifice, ;//., édifice, building.

effet, ;//., effect ; d'habillement, clothing.

effort, m, y attempt, effort.

effrayer, to frighten, scare, terrify.

égal, equal.

égard, ///., regard, respect.

église,/, church.

égoisme, ;//., egotism, selfishness.

égoïste, selfish.

eh bien, well.

élan, ///., run, spring.

élever, to elevate, raise, bring up; s' , to rise, arise.

elle, she, her, it.

elle-même,/, herself.

éloigné, remote, far, distant.

éloigner, s' , to go away, depart.

emboîter, to fit in; le pas,

to lock step.

embranchement, ;;/., branching, fork.

embrasser, to embrace, kiss.

émerveiller, to surprise, amaze.

emmaillotter, to wrap, bandage.

emmener, to carry off, take, or lead away.

s'emparer, to seize.

empêcher, to prevent.

empereur, ;//., emperor,

emplir, to fill.

empoisonner, to poison.

VOCABULARY

emporter, to carry ofî, take away.

en, in, into, by, with.

en, of him, of her, of it, of them.

encombrement, ///., obstruction,

blockade.

encombrer, to encumber, ob-

struct, fill.

encore, yet, still, again, also.

encourager, to encourage, incite.

endormi, e, asleep, sleeping.

s'endormir, to fall asleep, go to

sleep.

endroit, w., place.

enfant, ;//. &/., child, boy.

enfermer, to shut up, enclose.

enfin, fînally.

enfoncer, to sink, thrust, push,

rout, break through, break down,

bury.

enfumer, to smoke.

s'engager, to begin.

s'engourdir, to grow stiff, numb.

enjamber, to step over.

enlever, to take, carry away.

ennemi, ;//., enemy.

ennemi, e, hostile, of the enemy.

ennuyer, to annoy, disgust, enragé, e, mad.

enroué, e, hoarse.

ensemble, together.

ensuite, afterwards, then.

entasser, to heap, pile up.

entendre, to hear, understand, enterrement, ;//., funeral.

enterrer, to bury.

entêtment, ;//., obstinacy. entier, whole, entire.

entièrement, wholly, entirely.

entourer, to surround.

entraîner, to drag, draw along, carry away.

entre, among, between.

entrée,/., entrance.

entrer, to enter, go in.

envahir, to invade.

envie,/, mind, désire, longing.

envier, to envy, désire.

environ, about.

environnant- e, surrounding.

environs, m. pi., neighborhood,

envoler, to fly away.

envoyer, to send.

épais, se, thick.

épaté, broad, flat.

épaule, /, shoulder.

épauler, to put a gun to the shoulder, take aim.

épaulette,/., epaulet.

épée, /., sword.

épervier, ;//., hawk.

épi, m., ear or head (of grain).

épouvantable, dreadful, frightful, terrible.

éprouver, to feel.

épuiser, to exhaust, wear out.

escadron, ;//., squadron.

escalader, to scale, climb over.

escalier, ;//., staircase.

escorter, to escort.

Espagne,/, Spain.

Espagnol, m.^ Spaniard.

espèce,/, kind, sort.

espérance,/, hope, expectation.

espérer, to hope.

VOCABULARY

espoir, /»., hope.

esprit, VI. y mind, sensé, judgment.

essayer, to try.

essoufflé, e, ont of breath.

essuyer, to wipe, clear.

estafette, /., courier, messen-

ger.

estime,/, esteem, regard.

estimer, to esteem, think.

estomac (c silent), ///., stomach.

estropié, e, maimed, crippled.

estropier, to maim, cripple.

étable,/, stable.

établi, w., work-bench, counter.

établir, to establish, settle, fix.

étage, ///., story, floor.

étape,/, day's march, stopping-

place.

état, m., State, condition, trade,

business ; état-major, staff,

chief officers.

étendre, to spread, stretch, ex-

tend.

étinceler, to sparkle, glitter.

étoile,/., star.

étonné, e, astonished.

étouffer, to stifle, choke, suffo-

cate.

étrange, strange.

étranger, e, strange, foreign.

étranger, ;//., stranger, foreigner.

étranglé, e, strangled, stiflcd.

être, to be.

être, m.i being.

étudiant, ;//., student.

eus, eut, from avoir, eux, they, them.

eux-mêmes, themselves.

évacuer, to evacuate, leave.

éveillé, e, awake.

éveiller, to waken; s' , to

awake.

événement, m., event.

éventail, m,, fan.

examiner, to examine.

excepté, except.

exciter, to excite, stir up.

excuse,/, excuse.

excuser, to excuse.

exemple, m. y example.

exemption,/, exemption.

exercé, e, exercised, practised.

exercer, to train, drill.

exercice, w., drill, drilling, exercise, practice.

existence,/, existence, life.

expliquer, to explain, déclare.

exprès, purposely, expressly.

extermination, /, extermination, slaughter.

exterminer, to exterminate, destroy.

extraordinaire, extraordinary, singular.

extrêmement, extremely.

façade,/, front.

face, /, face, front; en , in

front, opposite.

fâché, e, sorry, angry.

se fâcher, to be angry, get angry, facile, easy.

façon,/, fashion, manner, way.

VOCABULARY

faible, feeble, weak.

faiblesse, /., weakness, faint,

swoon.

faience, /., porcelain.

faixn,yi, hunger.

faire, to do, make, cause, order, be,

become.

faisceau, m, y bundle, stack of

guns.

fait, e, donc, made, looking; from

faire, fait, m, y fact, act, deed; tout-à-

fait, altogether.

falloir, to be necessary, needful,

must, to need.

falot, w., lantern.

familiariser, to familiarize, grow

famîliar.

famille,/, family.

fantassin, vi., foot-soldier.

farci, e, stuffed.

farouche, fierce, savage.

fatigue,/., fatigue, weariness.

fatigué, tired.

faubourg, ;;/., suburb.

faucher, to mow, eut down.

faut, from falloir, faute,/, fault, error, mistake.

fauteuil, ;//., arm-chair.

fauve,/, (bête fauve), deer.

fau-x, sse, false, untrue.

faveur,/, ribbon.

femme,/, woman, wife.

fendre, to split, crack, break.

fenêtre,/, window.

fenil, fn,y hay-loft, barn.

fer, ///., iron.

I ferai, fut. of faire, ferme, firm, resolute, strong.

ferme,/, farm, farmhouse.

fermer, to shut, close.

fête,/, holiday, feast, birthday.

feu, w., fîre, fîring.

feuille,/, leaf.

feutre, w., felt hat.

février, m., February.

ficelle,/, string, cord.

fiche,/, bit, morsel, fier, e, proud, haughty. fièvre,/, fever.

figure,/, face.

se figurer, imagine.

fil, fn.y thread.

file,/, row, file.

filer, to spin.

filet, m., net.

fille,/, girl, daughter.

fils (fis), ;//., son, boy.

fîmes, prêt, of faire, fin, e, fine, thin.

fin,/, end.

finalement, finally.

finesse,/, cunning, craftiness.

finir, to end, finish.

fit, prêt, of faire, flairer, to smell, scent.

flamber, to blaze, burn.

flamme,/, fiame.

flanc, m. y fiank, side.

flanelle,/, flannel.

fléchir, to bend, give way.

fleur,/, flower, blossom.

fleuve, w., river, flot, m., wave.

VOCABtTLARY.

-, upon my

-, once; à

foi, /, faith; ma —

Word.

foin, m., hay.

fois, /, lime ; une -

la , at once.

folle, fem. of fou.

fonction,/, duty, office.

fond, ;;/., bottom, back, back part,

background.

fondement, ;//., foundation.

fondre, to melt, dissolve, burst,

incorporate.

fonds, ;;/., stock, capital.

font, from faire, fontaine,/, fountain.

fonte,/, mclting.

force,/, force, strength; à

de, by dint of, on account of.

forcené, m,, madman.

forcer, to force, compel.

forêt,/, forest.

forme, /, form, shape, formai-

ity.

former, to form, make.

fort, e, strong, stout, hard, loud,

heavy.

fort, very, extremely.

fossé, ///., ditch, moat.

fou, w., folle, /., mad, crazy,

scnseless.

fou, ;//., fool.

foudre,/, thunderbolt.

fouet, w., whip.

foule,/, crowd.

four, ;//., oven. fourgon, w., baggage-wagon.

fourmiller, to swarm, be full of.

fourmilière,/, ant-hill.

fourneau, /;/,, stove.

fourniment, m., outfit.

fournir, to furnish.

fournisseur, /;/., contractor.

fourreau, w., scabbard, sheath.

fourrer, to put, thrust, stuff.

fourrier, ;//., quartermaster.

fourrure,/, fur.

fracas, ;//., crash, noise, racket.

fracasser, to break, shatter.

frais, fraîche, fresh.

franc, ;//., franc (nearly nineteen

cents).

français, e, French.

Français, Frenchmen.

frapper, to strike, knock.

frémir, to quake, tremble.

frère, w., brother.

frisson, w., shivering, shudder.

froid, e, cold.

froid, m,f cold.

froncer, to gather, pucker;

le sourcil, to frown.

front, w., forehead, front.

fumée,/, smoke.

fumer, to smoke.

fumier, ;;/., dunghill, pile of rub-

bish.

funèbre, funeral, funereal.

fureur,/, fury, rage, eagerness.

furieu-x, se, furious, mad.

fusil, /;/., gun, musket.

fusilier, m., musketeer, soldier.

fusillade,/, fusillade, fîring.

fusiller, to shoot.

fuyard, w,, fugitive.

vocAbulary.

gagner, to gain, win, reach, arrive at, earn.

gaiement, merrily, cheerfully.

gaillard, ;«., jolly fellow, sport.

galette, y^, cake.

galonné, laced, embroidered.

galop, w., gallop.

galoper, to gallop.

gamelle,/, mess.

gant, w., glove.

garçon, w., boy, youth.

garde,/, guard, watch, care; de , on guard.

garder, to keep, préserve.

gare, look out ! take care.

garni, e, furnished, trimmed, lined.

garnison,/., garrison.

gâter, to spoil.

gauche, left.

gazette,/, newspaper.

géant, ;;/., giant.

gelée,/, frost, freezing.

geler, to freeze.

gémir, to groan, lament.

gémissement, m. , groaning, lamentation.

gendarme, w., policeman, soldier doing police duty.

gêner, hinder, impede, trouble, disturb.

général, e, gênerai.

général, w., gênerai.

génie, ;//., engineer corps.

génois, Genoese.

genou, ///., knee.

à genoux, kneeling.

gens, m, y people,

gerbe,/, sheaf, spray,

giberne,/, cartridge-box,

gilet, ;//., waistcoat.

givre, w., frost, îce.

glace,/, ice.

glacer, to freeze.

glacis, ;//., glacis, slope (of an

earthwork).

glaise,/, or terre , clay.

glissant, e, slippery.

glisser, to slide; se , to slip,

creep.

globe, m. y globe, bail.

gloire,/, glory.

glorieu-x, se, glorious.

gobelet, w., cup.

goberger, to treat, feast.

gonfler, to swell, puff up.

gorge,/, neck, throat.

goût, ;//., taste, liking.

goutte,/, drop.

grâce,/, grâce, favor, kindness.

grain, ;//., grain.

grand, e, great, large; grand'-

mère, grandmother.

grandir, to grow, increase.

grange,/, barn.

grappe, /., bunch, cluster, bunch

of grapes.

gras, se, fat, oily, thick, slippery.

grave, grave, serious.

gravement, gravely, seriously.

grêle,/, bail, shower.

grelotter, to shiver, tremble.

grelottement, rattling.

grenadier, m^^ grenadier.

VOCABULARY

grenouille,/, frog.

grimper, to climb.

gris, e, gray.

grisâtre, grayîsh, dim.

grondement, f/l., rumbling, roar-

ing.

gronder, to roar, rumble.

gros, se, big, great, thick.

grossir, to enlarge, swcll, increase.

gué, m,, ford; passer à , to

ford.

guérir, to cure, recover, get well.

guerre,/, war.

gueux, ///., rogue.

(') dénotes à aspirate.

habile, able, skilful.

habillé, e, dressed.

habillement, ///., clothing, unifor m.

habiller, to clothe, dress.

habit, m.f clothes, coat.

habitant, e, inhabitant.

habitude,/, habit; d' , habit-

ually.

habitué, e, used, accustomed.

s'habituer, to get accustomed.

' hacher, to eut to pièces.

' hachette, /., hatchet.

' hagard, e, fierce, wild.

'haie,/, hedge.

'haine,/, hatred.

haleine,/, breath.

'halle,/, market, hall.

'halte,/, hait.

' hangar, m, , shed.

' hardi, e, bold, courageous.

' hardiesse, / , boldness, assurance.

' hasard, m., hazard, chance, random.

* hasarder, to risk, venture.

' hasardeu-z, se, hazardous, peril-

ous.

' haut, e, high, tall, loud.

' haut, m, y top; en , above.

' hautain, e, proud, haughty,

stately.

'hauteur,/, height, élévation. ' hé ! ho !

' hélas ! alas !

* hennir, to neigh.

'hennissement, w., neighing.

' herbe, / , grass.

' hérissé, e, bristling.

'héros, ///., hero.

hésiter, to hesitate.

'hêtre, m. y beech-tree.

heure,/, hour, time, o'clock.

heureusement, luckily, fortu-

nately.

heureu-x, se, happy, lucky.

' hier, yesterday.

histoire,/, history, story.

hiver (i-ver), m., winter.

' hocher, to shake, wag.

homme, m., man.

honnête, honest, good, obliging,

kind.

honnêtement, honcstly, decently.

honneur, ;//., honor.

'honte,/, shame; avoir , to

be ashamed,

VOCABULARY

honteu-x, se, shameful, ashamed,

disgraceful.

hôpital, m. y hospital.

horloge,/., clock. horloger, w., clockmaker, watch-

maker.

horreur,/., horror, dread, detesta-

tion, halred.

horrible, horrible, frightful.

'hors, out; de combat,

disabled.

hôte, ;//., host.

hôtel, ;//., hôtel, large house, palace ; Hôtel-de-Ville, townhall.

'hotte,/, basket (carried on the

back).

'houblon, /;/., hops.

'huche,/, kneading-trough.

huit, eight.

huitième, w., eighth.

humain, e, human, humane.

humainement, humanely, kindly.

humeur,/, humor, temper.

humide, wet, damp.

'hurlement, /;/., howling, shout-

ing.

'hussard, ;//., hussar, heavy cav-

alry.

ici, hère.

idée,/, idea, thought.

ignorer, to be ignorant of, not to

know.

île,/, island, isle.

imaginer, to imagine, devise; s'

, to imagine, think.

imbécile, crazy, silly, simple.

immense, immense, vast.

impératrice,/, empress.

impérial, e, impérial.

impossible, impossible.

impression,/, impression, imprudence,/, imprudence,.fool-

ishness.

imprudeiit, e, imprudent, indis-

creet.

incapable, incapable.

incorporer, to incorporate.

indélicatesse, /, indelicacy,

boldness.

indépendance,/, independence,

freedom.

indifférent, e, indiffèrent.

indignation, /., indignation,

anger.

indigné, e, indignant, angry.

indisposition, /, indisposition,

illness.

industrieu-x, se, industrious.

infanterie,/, infantry.

infirme, infirm, weak, feeble.

infirmier, ;//., nurse.

informer, to inform.

ingrat, ungrateful person.

injustice,/, injustice, wrong.

innombrable, innumerable.

inondation,/, inundation, flood.

inquiéter, to trouble, disturb.

inquiétude, /, trouble, uneasi-

ness.

Insolence, /, insolence, arrogance.

instant, m.^ instant, moment.

VOCABULARY

intérieur, e, internai, inner.

intérieur, w., inside.

intérieurement, internally, in-

wardly.

interrompre, to interrupt.

intervalle, y., interval, space.

inutile, useless.

inventer, to invent, devise.

invention, y*., invention.

invitation, yi , invitation.

irai, fut. of aller, italien, Italian.

ivre, drunk, intoxicated.

ivrogne, //;., drunkard.

jamais, never.

jambe,/., leg.

janvier, m., January.

jardin, w., garden.

jaune, yellow.

jeter, to throw, fling, cast, make,

utter.

jeudi, w., Thursday. jeune, young.

jeûner, to fast.

jeunesse,/., youth, young people.

joie,/, joy, delight.

joindre, to join.

joli, e, pretty, fine.

joliment, neatly, well.

jonc, w., rush, rééd.

joue,/, cheek.

jouer, to play.

jouissance,/, amusement, enjoy-

ment.

jour, w., day, daylight, life, clear

space; un , some day; petit

, daybreak.

journée,/, day.

joyeu-x, se, merry.

jubilation, /., jubilation, rejoi-

cing.

juge, w., judge, justice.

jugement, »/., judgment, sentence.

juger, to judge, décide.

juillet, /;/., July.

juin, m,^ June.

jument,/, mare.

jurement, /^., oath.

jurer, to swear.

jusque, jusqu'à, to, as far as, till,

until; jusque là, so far.

juste, just, right, precisely, exactly.

justement, exactly, just then.

justice,/, a justice, right.

la, the.

la, her, it.

là, there, yonder; là-haut, above, up there; là-bas, yonder; làdedans, inside.

laborieu-z, se, laborious, industrious.

lâcher, to give up, loosen, let go, fire.

laine,/, wool.

laisser, to leave, permit, allow, let.

lait, /^., milk.

lambeau, »/., shred, tatter.

lampe,/, lamp.

lance,/, lance, spear.

VOCABULARY

lancer, to hiirl, dart, throw, shoot,

fly, rush.

lancier, m., lancer.

langue,/., longue, language.

lanterne,/, lantern.

laquelle, which. lard, m. y bacon, pork.

large, broad, large.

large, m,, breadth.

larme,/, tear.

las, se, tired.

latte,/, lath.

laver, to wash.

le, the.

le, him, it.

léger, e, light.

lendemain, fw., next day, day fol-

lowing.

lentement, slowly.

lequel, which.

lesquels, lesquelles, which, who.

lettre,/, letter.

leur, their ; them, to them ; les

, theirs.

levant, ;//., rising.

levée, /., levy, raising (of sol-

diers).

lever, to lift, raise, take off, re-

move; se , to get up, rise.

lèvre,/, lip.

liard, m., half a farthing.

liberté,/, liberty, freedom.

libre, free.

lier, to tic, bind.

lieu, w., place; au , instead ;

avoir , take place.

Ueue,/, league.

lieutenant, m., lieutenant.

lièvre, ;//., hare.

ligne,/, line.

linge, m.i linen.

lion, m., lion.

lire, to read.

lisière,/, edge, borders.

lit, m. y bed.