partie, yi, part
partir, to go, go away, start, depart, go off.
partout, everywhere.
parut, prêt, of paraître.
pas, m.j pace, step.
pas, ne pas, no, not.
passage, ;;/., passage, passing.
passer, to pass, spend; se ,
to go on, happen.
pasteur, w., pastor.
pâte,/, dough.
patience,/!, patience.
patrie,/., country, fatherland.
pauvre, poor.
pavé, fn., pavement, floor.
paver, to pave.
payer, to pay.
pays, m. y country, native land, home.
paysan, m,, countryman.
peau,/, skin, hide.
peigne, w., comb.
peindre, to paint.
peine,/, trouble, pain, grief, sor-
row; à , hardly, scarcely.
peinte (from peindre \ painted,
dcpicted.
pêle-mêle, pell-mell, in confusion.
peloton, m, y squad.
penché, e, bent, bowed down.
se pencher, to bend, stoop,
lean.
pendant, during; que,
while.
pendre, to hang, hang down.
pendue (part, of pendre), hung.
pendule,/, clock.
pénible, painful.
pensée,/, thought.
penser, to think.
pente, /, slope ; en , slo-
ping.
percer, to pierce.
perche,/, pôle, rod.
percher, to perch, roost.
perdre, to lose.
père, m. y fathcr.
péril, m. y péril, danger.
périr, to perish, permettre, to permit, suffer, al-
low.
permission,/, permission.
perron, m,, steps, platform.
perruque,/, wig.
personne, /., person ; ne
personne, no person, no body.
VOCABULARY
perte, /., loss; à de vue,
farther than the eye can reach.
pétillement, w., crackling, rat-
tling.
pétiller, to crackle, sparkie, rattle,
burn.
petit, e, little, small.
pétrin, w., kneading-trough.
peu, little.
peuple, m.^ people, nation.
peuplier, /«., poplar.
peur,/, fear; avoir , to be
afraid.
peut, from pouvoir, peut-être, perhaps.
peux, from pouvoir.
Phalsbourgeois, Phalsburger.
pièce, yi, pièce, canon; de
seize, sixteen-pounder.
pied, m., foot.
Piémontais, Piedmontese.
pierre,/, stone.
piétinement, f;;., stampîng,
tramping.
pieu, m.i stake.
pigeon, m.f pigeon.
pilier, m.., post, pillar.
pillage, m.f plunder, pillage.
piller, to plunder.
pincer, to pinch, catch, *' nab." pioche,/., pickaxe.
pipe,/, pipe.
piquer, to prick.
piquet, w., troop.
pire, worse; le the worst.
pistolet, m., pistol.
pitié,/, pity, compassion.
place, /., place, fortress, square,
spot; d'armes, parade-
ground.
placer, to place, put.
plafond, m., ceiling.
plaie,/, wound.
plaindre, to pity, be pitied; se , to complain.
plaine,/, plain.
plainte,/, complaint, groan, lamentation.
plainti-f, ve, plaintive, mournful.
plaire, to please.
plaisir, /«., pleasure.
plantation,/, plantation, field.
plat, e, flat.
plat, m., dish.
plateau, m., plain.
plateforme,/, platform.
plein, full; jour, broad day-
light.
pleurer, to weep.
pleuvoir, to rain.
pli, w., fold; de terrain,
hollow, ravine.
plier, to bend, yield, give way.
plomb, m.^ lead.
plombé, e, livid, lead-colored,
pluie,/, rain.
plumet, w., plume, feather.
plupart, /., greater part, majority.
plus, more.
plusieurs, many, several.
plutôt, sooner, rather.
poche,/, pocket.
poêle (pwâl), m., stove.
VOCABULARY
poil, w., hair, fur.
poing, w., fist, hand.
point, w., point; ne point,
not, not at ail.
pointe, y., point, break, dawn.
pointer, to point, aim.
pointu, e, pointed, sharp, poitrine,/., breast, chest.
police, /., police; bonnet de
, foraging-cap.
politique,/., politics.
Pologne,/, Poland.
Polonais, Pôle.
pomme,/, apple; de terre,
potato.
pommier, w., apple-tree.
pont, /w., bridge; pont-levis,
w., drawbridge.
porcelaine,/, porcelain.
porte, /, door, gâte.
portée, /, reach, shot; de
fusil, gun-shot, range.
portefeuille, m., portfolio.
porter, to carry, give, strike; se
, to be.
portière,/, door (of a coach).
poser, to lay, put, place.
position,/, position, situation.
possédé, e, possessed (by the
Devil).
possible, possible.
poste, w., post, station.
poste,/, post, post-office.
poster, to post, place.
pot, m. y pot; à feu, boiled
méat, soup.
poteau, w., post, stake.
pouce, m,^ thumb, inch.
poudre^/, powdcr.
poudrière,/, powder-magazine, poule,/, hen.
poulet, m.^ chicken.
pour, for, to, in order to.
pourquoi, why.
poursuivre, to pursue.
pourtant, however, yet, never-
theless.
pousser, to utter, grow, push,
advance.
poutre,/, beam.
pouvoir, to be able, can.
prairie,/, meadow.
précédent, e, preceding.
précipiter, to throw, cast down,
hurry; se , to hurry, run,
rush.
prédiction,/, prédiction, proph-
ecy.
prédire, to prophesy, predict.
préfet, m.y prefect, chief magis-
trate of a department, premier, e, fîrst.
prendre, to take, catch.
préparer, to prépare.
près, near, to; de , hard,
closely.
présenter, to présent.
préserver, to préserve, keep.
presque, almost, nearly.
presse,/, throng, confusion.
pressentiment, f^., foreboding.
presser, to press, crowd, urge,
hasten.
prêt, e, ready.
VOCABULARY
prétendre, to claim, prétend, call.
prévenir, to inform, tell.
prier, to pray.
prince, m.^ prince.
principal, e, principal, chief.
principalement, principally,
above ail, particularly.
printemps, m., spring.
pris, e, from prendre, prise,/!, pinch.
prisonnier, w., prisoner.
prix, w., price.
prochain, e, next.
proche, near.
produire, to produce.
profiter, to profit.
profond, e, deep.
profondément, profoundly.
profondeur, w., depth, extent.
progrès, w., progress.
prolonger, to prolong, continue.
promenade,/., walk.
se promener, to walk.
promesse,/., promise.
promotion,/, promotion.
prononcer, to pronounce.
proportion, / , proportion.
propre, own.
prospérité, /, prosperity, happi-
ness.
protéger, to protect.
prouver, to prove.
provenir, to come.
prudence,/, prudence.
pruneau, »/., prune.
Prussien, ne, Prussian.
pu, part, of pouvoir.
publication,/, announcement.
puis, then, afterwards.
puisque, because, since.
puissance,/, power.
puisse, from pouvoir, puits, m,, well.
pus, prêt, of pouvoir
qualité,/, quality, condition.
quand, when.
quant à, as to, as for.
quantité,/, quantity.
quarante, forty.
quart, /«., quarter, fourth.
quartier, w., quarters;
général, headquarters.
quatorze, fourteen.
quatre, four.
quatre-vingt, eighty.
quatrième, fourth.
que, that, which, whom, what, as,
than ; ne , but, only.
quel, quelle, which, what.
quelque, some, any.
quelquefois, sometimes.
querelle,/, quarrel, dispute.
quereller, to quarrel.
question,/, question.
queue,/, tail, rear, end.
qui, who, which.
quinzaine,/, fifteen.
quinze, fifteen.
quitter, to quit, leave, forsake.
quoi, which, what; il n'y a pas
de , there is nothing.
quoique, although.
VOCABULARY
rabattre, to abate, beat down,
take down, reduce.
raboter, to plough up.
raboteu-z, se, rough.
raccommoder, to mend, repair.
race,/ê, race.
raconter, to tell, relate.
rafler, to sweep away, rake.
rafraîchir, to refresh.
rage,/., rage, fury.
raison, /, reason; avoir ,
to be right.
raisonnable, reasonable, just,
right.' raisonnablement, reasonably,
justly.
raisonner, to reason.
rajuster, to put in order.
rallier, to rally, find.
ramasser, to collect, pick up.
ramener, to bring back.
rampe,/, balustrade, railing.
rang, /;/., row, rank.
* ranger, to range, arrange, set.
ranimer, to cheer up, revive, rappel, ;;/., call to arms.
rappeler, to rccall; se , to
rccollect.
se rapprocher, to approach,
draw near.
rassembler, to collect.
se rasseoir, to sit down again.
rassurer, to encourage, cheer up.
râtelier, /;/., rack.
rattraper, to catch.
ravin, w., ravine.
rayé, e, striped, markcd.
rayon, w., beam, ray.
rebondir, to rebound.
rebondissement, ;//., rebound-
ing, re-echo.
reboutonner, to button again.
rebrousser, to turn, go back.
recevoir, to receive.
réchapper, to escape.
recharger, to load again.
réchauffer, to warm, keep wann.
réclamer, to claim, object, de-
mand, remark.
récolte,/, crop, harvest.
recommencer, to begin again.
reconduire, to escort, accom-
pany.
reconnaissance, /, discovcry,
reconnoissance, reconnoitring.
reconnaître, to know, discover,
perceive, reconnoitre, observe,
recognize.
se recoucher, to go to bed again.
recrue,/., recruit.
reçu, e, part, of recevoir, reculer, to fall back, retreat, re-
coil.
redescendre, to go down again.
redingote,/, frock-coat.
redoubler, to redouble, increase.
redresser, to straighten up, lift
up.
réduire, to reduce.
réel, le, real, true.
réellement, rcally. refermer, to shut again, close up
again.
VOCABtTLARY.
réfléchir, to reflect, think.
reflet, w., reflection, light.
réflexion,/, reflection.
réformer, to reform, dismiss, discharge.
refouler, to throw back.
réfractaire, récalcitrant, refractory.
refroidissement, m,, chill, coldness.
refuser, to refuse.
regarder, to look at, see, consider, concern.
régiment, ;//., régiment.
régler, to regulate.
reins, ;//., loins, back.
rejeter, to drive back, throw back, . reject.
rejoindre, to join, meet, overtake.
réjoui, e, joyfui, merry.
réjouir, to rejoice, cheer up; se , to rejoice.
réjouissance,/., rejoicing, merry-making.
relevé, turned up, raised.
relever, to raise, lift up ; se ,
to get up.
religion,/, religion.
reluire, to shine.
remède, m.^ rcmedy, medicine.
remercier, to thank.
remettre, to put, set again, de-
liver se , to recover, im-
provc, get well again ; se à,
to return.
remis (from remettre), restored, cured.
remonter, to go up again, ascend ; to wind up, cheer up.
rempart, ;«., rampart.
remplacer, to replace.
remplir, to fill, fulfil.
remporter, to get, obtain, win.
remuer, to move, stir.
renard, ^., fox.
rencontre, /., meeting, encoun-
ter ; aller à la , to go to
meet.
rencontrer, to meet, fînd.
se rendormir, to fall asleep again.
rendre , to restore , re turn , gi ve back , render, make ; se , to go.
renfoncement, ^/., falling in or away.
renfoncer, to bury, hide.
renfort, m., re-enforcement.
renseignement, /;/., information.
rentrée,/, bringing in.
rentrer, to come home, return.
renverser, to throw down, knock down, overturn.
renvoyer, to send back.
répandre, to shed.
repartir, to set out again, start.
repasser, to repass, pass by.
répéter, to repeat.
replier, to fold up; se , to
fall back.
répondre, to answer, reply, warrant, be responsible.
réponse,/, answer.
repos, m., rest, repose,
se reposer, to rest.
VOCABULARY
repousser, to repuise.
reprendre, to take, take again, lake back, recover, résume, hcal.
représenter, to represent ; se , to recollect.
reproche, m., reproach.
reprocher, to reproach.
république,/, republic.
réquisition,/, réquisition, use.
réserve,/, reserve.
réserver, to reserve.
se résigner, to be resigned.
résistance,/, résistance.
résister, to resist, withstand.
résolu, e, part, of résoudre.
résolution,/, resolution, résolve.
résonner, to resound, ring.
résoudre, to résolve.
respectable, respectable, vénérable.
respecter, to respect.
respirer, pant.
ressembler, to resemble.
resserrer, to contract, close up.
ressortir, to go out.
ressource,/, resource, help.
reste, ///., rest, remainder; du , as for the rest, besides.
rester, to be Icft, remain.
se rétablir, to be restored.
retard, ;;/., delay, lateness; en , late, slow.
retenir, to hold, rctain.
retentir, to ring, resound.
retirer, to draw, take out ; se , to retire, withdraw.
retomber, to fall back.
retourner, to return ; se ,
to turn around; s'en , to return, go back.
retraite,/, retreat.
retranchement, m.f entrenchment.
retroussé, e, turned up.
retrousser, to twist, turn up.
retrouver, to find.
réunir, to join, collect, unité.
réussir, to succeed.
revanche,/, revenge.
rêvasser, to rave, to wander (in the mind).
rêve, w., dream, ravin g.
réveil, ///., reveille.
réveiller, to awakc ; se ,
to awake.
revenir, to come back, return, recover.
rêver, to dream, think, mcditatc.
re verrai, fut. of revoir.
revers, ;//., back ; à , in the
rear.
rêveu-r, se, pensive, thoughtful.
révision,/, revising, review.
revivre, to revive.
revoir, to see again.
révolter, to stir up, shock; se , to revolt.
révolution,/, révolution.
revue,/, review.
rhabiller, to dress again.
Rhin, ;//., Rhine.
rhumatisme, m,, rheumatism.
rhume, w., cold ; de cerveau, cold in the head.
VOCABULARY
riant, e, smiling, cheerful.
riche, rich.
richesse,/., riches, wealih.
ride,/, wrinkle.
ridé, e, wrinkled.
rideau, /;/., curtain.
rien, ;;/., nothing, anything.
rire, to laugh.
risquer, to expose, run the risk.
rive,/, bank.
rivière,/, river.
roc, ;«., rock.
roi, /;/., king.
roide (pronounced and usually
spelt raide), stiff.
rompre, to break.
rond, e, round.
ronde,/, round; à la , round
about.
ronflement, ;;/., rumbling, roar-
ing.
rose, pink.
roseau, ;//., rééd.
rosée,/, dew.
roue,/, whcel.
rouge, rcd.
roulement, ;«., rolling sound,
rumbling, roll (of a drum).
rouler, to roll, beat, roll up. / route, /, road, way; faire ,
to start.
rouvrir, to open again.
rou-x, sse, red, ruddy.
royaume, w/., kingdom. ruban, w., ribbon.
rucher, m.^ bec-house.
rude, rough, harsh.
rue,/, Street.
ruelle, / , narrow street, lane.
ruine,/, ruin.
ruisseau, m., brook, stream.
rumeur,/, uproar, tumult.
ruse,/, trick.
russe, Russian.
Russe, Russian.
Russie,/, Russia.
sa, his, her, its.
sabot, m, y woodcn shoe.
sabre, vi,^ sabre, sword.
sabrer, to eut to pièces.
sac, m,^ sack, knapsack.
sachant, près. part, of savoir.
sacré, e, sacred, holy.
sacrifier, to sacrifice.
sais, près, of savoir.
saisir, to seize, possess, overcome.
salle,/, hall.
salon, w., large room, dining-
room.
saluer, to salute, greet, bow to.
sang, /;/., blood.
sanglant, e, bloody.
sanglot, /;/., sob, groan.
sangloter, to sob, groan.
sans, without.
santé,/, health.
sapeur, /;/., sapper.
sapin, ;;/., fîr-tree.
satisfaction,/, satisfaction.
satisfaire, to satisfy, please.
saucisse,/, sausage.
sau-f, ve, safe.
VOCABULARY
oaule, «I., willow.
saurai, tut. d1 savoir, sauter, lo Icap, jump; faire —
to l)low up, blow off.
BauTag«, wîld, savagc, fietce.
cape, t
ffay.
Savoie,/., Sa
savoir, lo know; à — — , to wil.
Saxon, Saxon.
saxon, ne, Saxon.
se, himself, herself, itself, them-
selves, one anolher, each other.
3ec, dry, dead, thin.
sëcher, to àty.
second, e (c = g), second.
seconde (c g),/ i^ecniid.
secourir, lo help, relieve.
secours, m., help, relief.
secrétaire, ni., secretary.
aeigneur «;., lord, genllen
noblman.
seize, sixteen.
semaine,/, week.
semblable, similai.
semblant, m., show, pretenc^ sembler, 10 appear, seem.
semelle,/, sole.
s (sens), ,
sentinelle,/, sentini sentir, lo ieel, amell.
Séparer, lo scparate.
., September.
septembre, 1
septième, ic\
sergent, m., sergL'aiu; ■ major, sergeaiil-niajot ; de
ville, poliecman.
serré e, clo^e 'Compact.
serrer, 10 pr^ss, cumii squeeie, close, pull, gathcr dasp; — — lo cceur, tomake one's heart ache.
servante,/,, mnid servant.
service, m., tiTvicL-.
vir, to serve, do service, help,
s (plui. of S
i)> bis.
seuil, m., threshold.
seul, a, alone, mère, only, single.
seulement, only, but, even.
shako, ni., hat, cap (of a soldier),
si, EO.
siffler, to whisile, whiz.
signe, Bi., sign, mark.
signifier, to sipnily, mcan.
silence, m., silence, sllendea-z, se, silent.
sillonner I11 futrow, wrinkle.
simple, sim|ili\Tll('ti-. private, singulier, sirangc, singular.
sinistre, dreadful.
sitôt, so soon.
six, six.
VOCABULARY
sœur,/, sister.
soi, one's, him, herself; soimême, himself, herself, itself.
soie,/., silk.
soif,/, thirst.
soigner, to take care of, nurse.
soin, w/., care; avoir , take
care.
soir, w., evening.
soirée,/, evening.
soit, or (subj. of être).
soixante, sixty.
soldat, m,^ soldier.
soleil, m,^ sun.
solide, solid, stout, strong.
solidement, solidly, fîrmly.
sombre, dark, dull, gloomy, melancholy.
sommeil, ///.,sleep; avoir ,
to be sleepy.
son, his, her, its.
songer, to think.
sonner, to sound, strike.
sonneur, w., ringer.
sort, /;/., fate, lot, spell, charm.
sorte, /, kind, manner, way, en quelque, as it were, almost ; de
la , thus, in this manner; de
sorte que, so that.
sortie,/, going out, leave (to go out).
sortir, to go, corne, out get, bring out, take out.
sou, in,^ cent.
soufEle, w., breath, puff, blast.
soufiEler, to breathe, blow, pant.
souffrance,/, suffering, trouble.
souffrir, to suffer, bear.
souhait, m.^ wish, désire,
souhaiter, to wish, désire.-
soulier, ;//., shoe.
soupe,/, soup.
souper, to sup, eat supper.
soupière,/, soup-tureen.
soupir, w., sigh, groan.
sourcil, m,, eye-brow.
sourd, e, deaf, dull, hollow, confused.
souricière,/, mouse-trap.
sourire, to smile.
sous, under.
sous-lieutenant, second lieutenant.
sous-officier, non-commissioned officer.
sous-préfet, sub-prefect.
soutenir, to bear, hold up, support, endure.
souvenir, w.,remembrance, memory; se , to remember.
souvent, often.
spectacle, w., spectacle, sight.
stationner, to stand.
statue,/, statue.
stupéfait, e, astonished, amazed.
su, e, part, of savoir.
subitement, suddenly.
Suédois, e, Swede.
suer, to sweat.
sueur,/, sweat.
suite,/, order, succession, sequel, continuation; de , one after
another; tout de diately.
imme-
VOCABULARY
suivant, e, next, following.
suivre, to follow.
supérieur, e, superior.
supplier, to beg, pray.
supporter, to sufîer, bear, endure, sur, on, upon, over, about.
sûr, e, sure.
surnaturel, le, supernatural.
surprise,/!, surprise, amazement.
surtout, above ail, especially.
sus, sut, prêt, of savoir, suspendre, to hang.
tabac, m,, tobacco, snufî.
table,/., table.
tableau, ;;;., picture.
tablier, m,y apron.
tâcher, to try.
tailler, to eut.
se taire, to be silent, keep silence.
talon, m.^ heel.
tambour, w., drum, drummer.
tandis que, while.
tant, so much, so many;
mieux, so much the better.
tante,/., aunt.
tantôt, sometimes, now, then.
taper, to rap, tap.
tard, late.
tas, m., heap, pile, mass.
taureau, /?/., bull.
tavernier, ;;/., tavern-keeper.
tel, le, such, like.
tellement, so, so much.
temps, ;//., time, wcather.
tendre, to strctch.
tendu,e (from tendre), stretched.
ténèbres,///., darkness.
tenez, hère ! hold ! see !
tenir, to hold, hâve, keep.
tente,/, tant, terne, dull, dim.
terrain, »/., ground.
terre,/, earth, ground; par ,
à , down, on the ground.
terrible, terrible, dreadful.
terriblement, terribly.
tête,/, head.
thé, //2., tea.
tiède, warm.
tiens, hère ! hold ! see !
tilleul, vt.^ linden.
timbre, m,^ sound, ring, stamp.
tint, prêt, of tenir.
tinter, to sound, strike.
tirage, /;/., drawing.
tirailler, to skirmish, fight.
tirailleur, m.y skirmisher.
tirer, to draw, pull, fîre, discharge.
tiroir, w., drawer.
toi, thou, thee.
toile,/, linen.
toit, /;/., roof.
toiture,/, roof.
tombe,/, tombstone, tomb.
tomber, to fall, tumble, happen.
tonne,/, cask.
tonneau, ^/., cask, hogshead.
tonner, to thunder, roar.
tonnerre, w., thunder.
torche,/, torch.
tort, w., wrong ; avoir to
be wrong.
VOCABULARY
tortueu-x, se, winding, crooked.
tôt, quick, soon.
toucher, to touch. touffe,/., tuft, bunch.
touffu, e, thick, bushy.
toujours, always, ever.
tour,/, tower.
tour, m, y turn, going round, tour.
tourbillonner, to swarm, whirl
around.
tourmenter, to torment, torture.
tourner, to turn, wind.
tournure,/., turn.
tousser, to cough.
tout, e (pi. tous, toutes), ail,
whole,everything; wholly,quile;
tous les jours, every dny;
à fait, entirely ; le
monde, everybody.
trace,/, track, mark.
trahir, to betray.
trahison,/, treachery, treason.
train, w., course, way, act, artil-
lery.
traînard, m., straggler.
traînée,/, train, streak.
traîner, to draw, drag.
traiter, to treat.
tranchée,/, trench.
tranquillement, tranquilly, qui-
etly.
tranquilliser, to calm.
tranquillité,/, quiet, calmness.
transe,/, agony, appréhension.
transporter, to carry.
trapu, e, thick, stout.
travail, ///., work.
travailler, to work.
à travers, au travers de, across, through; de travers, en travers, cross, crosswise, across.
traverser, to cross, go through.
tremblant, e, trembling, quivering.
tremble, m., aspen-tree.
trembler, to tremble.
trembloter, to tremble, quake.
tremper, to dip, soak.
trentaine,/, thirty.
trente, thirty.
très, very.
tribune,/, stage, platform.
tricot, ;;/., knit jacket.
trinquer, to drink.
triste, sad, sorrowful, melancholy.
tristement, sadly, sorrowfully.
tristesse,/, sadness, grief, sorrow.
trois, three.
troisième, third.
tromper, to deceive, cheat; se , to be mistaken.
trompette, m., trumpeter.
trône, m.^ throne.
trop, too much, to many, very much, too.
trot, m., trot.
trou, m,, hole, gap.
trouble, dim.
trouble, m., trouble, distress.
troubler, to trouble, disturb; se , to grow dim.
troupe, /, troop, company ; troupes, troops, soldiers.
troupeau, /»., flock, herd.
VOCABULARY
trousses, trousers; aux , at
the heel of, in pursuit.
trousseau, ;//., bunch.
trouver, to find ; se , bc,
happen to be.
tu, thou.
tuer, to kill, slay.
tuile,/., tile.
tumulte, w., tumult, uproar, stir. Turc, w., Turk.
tus, tut, prêt, of taire, tyrannie,/., tyranny.
un, e, onc, a, an.
uni, unitod.
uniforme, w., uniform.
univers, w., universc, world.
usé, worn out.
va, vas, from aller.
vache,/, cow,
vaguemestre, m., baggagc-mas-
ter.
vaincre, to conqucr.
vais, proi. of aller, vallée,/, Valley.
vallon, w., Valley.
valoir, to be worlh; mieux,
to be bctter.
vanité,/, vanity.
vaniteu-x, se, full of vanity.
se vanter, to boast.
vase,/, miul.
vaudra, fut. of valoir, vaut, près, of valoir.
veille,/, evening or day before;
la au soir, the evening
before.
veine,/, vein.
velours, w., velvet.
vendange,/, vintage, grape-gathering.
vengeance, /, vengeance, revenge.
venger, to avenge.
venir, to corne.
vent, m, y wind.
ventre, m,, belly, stomach.
verger, w., orchard,
véritablement, regular, real,
. genuine.
vérité,/, truth.
vermoulu, e, worm-eaten, rotten.
verrai, fut. of voir.
verre, m., glass.
vers, toward, about.
à verse, in torrents.
verser, to pour, shed.
veste,/, vest, waistcoat.
vestibule, ///., vestiblc.
vétéran, m,, vétéran.
veux, près, of vouloir.
viande,/, méat.
victoire,/, victory.
vide, w., space, gap.
vider, to empty.
vie,/, life, living.
vieillard, w., old man.
vieille,/, old woman.
vieillesse,/, old âge.
vieux, vieil, vieille, old.
vi-f, ve, alive, living, sharp, keen.
VOCABULARY
vigoureu-z, se, vigorous, strong.
vilain, e, nasty, bad.
village, m. y village.
ville, yi, town, city.
vîmes, prêt, of voir.
vin, f?i., wine.
vinaigre, vi,, vinegar.
vingt, twenty.
violon, m.f violin.
vis, prêt, of voir.
visière, m,, shade (for the eyes).
visite, yi, visit, inspection.
visiter, to inspect.
vite, quickly, fast.
vitre,/., glass, pane.
vitrier, m. y glazier.
vivacité,/, vivacity, eagerness.
vivant, e, living, alive.
vive, long live I
vivre, to live.
vivres, m,, provisions.
voici, hère is, this is, hère are,
thèse are.
voilà, behold, there is, there are,
that is, those are.
voir, to see.
voisin, e, adjoining, next.
voisin, w., neighbor.
voiture,/, carriage, wagon, load.
voiturier, w., driver.
voix,/, voice.
voler, to fly.
voleur, se, /;/., thief, robber.
volonté,/, will.
volontiers, willingly.
voltiger, to flutter, fly.
vont, près, of aller.
votre, your.
voudrai, fut. of vouloir.
vouloir, to wish, want; dire,
to mean.
vous, you.
voûte,/, vault, archway.
vrai, e, true, real.
vraiment, indeed, truly.
vu, e, part, of voir, vue,/, sight, view.
TV
Wurtembergeois, Wirtember-
ger.
Tvurtembergeois, e, Wirtem-
berger.
y, there, to it, to them, in it, in
them.
yeux, m, (plural of œil), eyes.
zigzag, m, y zigzag.
IRREGULAR VERBS
The following table includes only verbs occurring in the text. Only the f orms hère given need to be memorized ; ail other parts and inflections can be formed by gênerai rules^ and this should by ail means be required of pupils. Inflections are indicated when they départ from the gênerai rules.
For convenience, and to avuid possible confusion, thèse rules are hère briefly indicated. For their fuller statement, see Grammar.
1. From infinitive, dérive future and conditionaL Boire: fut. boir-ai, cond. boir-ais.
2. From présent participiez the imperfect indicative, présent subjunctive, and plural of présent indicative. Courant : impf. ind. cour-ais, près. subj. cour-e, pi. of près. ind. cour-ons.
3. Yvom. past participiez the co mpound tenses (with auxiliary).
4. From preterity the past subjunctive. Bus: past subj.bus-se.
5. From présent, the imperative. Bois : imperat. bois, buvons, buvez. The usual rules of orthography are presumed — as, change of ^ to i before
e, etc. If the final s of the près. ind. is preceded by c, d, or /, ihis s is dropped, (and nothing added), to form the ^d per. sing. Only three conjugations are reckoned as regular. lience -oir forms are given as irregular.
Infinitive. Près. Part.
Past Part.
acquérir acquérant acquis
J^'ut. acquerrai Prgs. Subj. acquière
aller allant allé
FîU. irai Près. Sttbj. aille
apercevoir apercevant aperçu
Fut. apercevrai Près. Subj. aperçoive
assaillir assaillant assailli
asseoir asseyant assis
/'///. assiérai
atteindre atteignant atteint
Présent.
acquiers
vais, vas, va
3cl pi. vont
aperçois
assaille assieds
atteins
Pheterit.
acquis
allai
imper, va
aperçus
assaillis assis
atteignis
Note on (2). — If the présent subjunctive is irregular, the 3d plural of the présent
indicative generally has the same form. Boive: 3d pi. près. ind. boivent.
IRREGULAR VER ES
Infiniti
VE. Prks. Part.
Past Part.
Présent.
Prétérit.
battre
battant
battu
bats
battis
boire
buvant
Près,
bu . Subj. boive
bois
bus
bouillir
bouillant
bouilli
bous
bouillis
ceindre
ceignant
ceint
ceins
ceignis
concevoir concevant
conçu
conçois
conçus
Fui.
concevrai Près.
Subj. conçoive
conclure
concluant
conclu
conclus
conclus
conduire
conduisant
conduit
conduis
conduisis
connaître' connaissant
connu
connais
connus
construire construisant
construit
construis
construisis
courir
courant
couru
cours
courus
Fut.
courrai
couvrir
couvrant
couvert
couvre
couvris
craindre
craignant
craint
crains
craignis
croire
croyant
Près.
cru Subj. croie
crois
crus
cueillir
cueillant
cueilli
cueille
cueillis
Fut.
cueillerai
cuire
cuisant
cuit
cuis
cuisis
décrire
décrivant
décrit
décris
décrivis
devoir
devant
dû, due
dois
dus
Fut.
devrai Près.
Subj. doive
dire
disant
dit
dis
2d pi. dites
dis
dormir
dormant
dormi
dors
dormis
écrire
écrivant
écrit
écris
écrivis
envoyer
envoyant
envoyé
envoie
envoyai
Fut.
enverrai Près.
Subj. envoie
éteindre
éteignant
éteint
éteins
éteignis
faillir
faillant
failli
faux
faillis
faire
faisant
fait
fais
fis
Fut.
ferai Près.
Subj. fasse
pi. faites, font
falloir ^
wanting
fallu
il faut
il fallut
Fut.
il faudra Près.
Subj. il faille
fuir
fuyant
Près.
fui
Subj. fuie
fuis
fuis
1 lias î everywhere before t : connaît, connaîtrai, etc. * ImpersonaL
IRREGULAR VERBS
Infinitive. Près. Part. Past Part. Présent.
haïr
joindre
lire
luire
maudire
mentir
mettre
mourir
haïssant
joignant
lisant
luisant
maudissant
mentant
mettant
mourant
Fut. mourrai
Près,
mouvoir mouvant
Fut. mourrai
naître ' offrir
Près.
ouvrir
paraître *
partir
peindre
plaindre
plaire
naissant
offrant
ouvrant
paraissant
partant
peignant
plaignant
plaisant
haï
joint
lu
lui
maudit
menti
mis
mort
Subj, meure
mu, mue Suèj, meuve
né
offert
ouvert
paru
parti
peint
plaint
plu
plu
pleuvoir * pleuvant Fut. il pleuvra
pouvoir pouvant pu
Fut. pourrai Près. Subj. puisse
prendre prenant pris
Près. Subj. prenne
prévoir prévoyant prévu
Fut. prévoirai Près. Subj. prévoie
produire produisant produit
recevoir recevant reçu
Fut. recevrai Près. Subj. reçoive
repentir repentant repenti
résoudre résolvant résolu
rire riant ri
savoir * sachant su
Fut. saurai Près. Subj. sache
^ Has î everywhere before t: naît, etc.
* Also puis in the ist per. sing.
4 Imperf. savais; imperat. sache, sachons,
hais
joins
lis
luis
maudis
mens
mets
meurs
meus
nais
offre
ouvre
parais
pars
peins
plains
plais
3d sing. il plaît,
il pleut
peux^
3 pi. peuvent
prends
prévois
produis reçois
répens résous ris sais
s ImpersonaL sachez.
Prétérit.
haïs
joignis
lus
wanting -
maudis
mentis
mis
mourus
mus
naquis
offris
ouvris
parus
partis
peignis
plaignis
plus
il plut
pus
pris
prévis
produisis reçus
repentis résolus ris sus
2lO
IRREGULAR VERBS
Inumtive. Près. Part.
Past Part. Présent.
Preterfi,
séduire
séduisant
séduit
séduis
séduisis
sentir
sentant
senti
sens
sentis
servir
servant
servi
sers
servis
sortir
sortant
sorti
sors
sortis
souffrir
souffrant
souffert
souffre
souffris
suffire
suffisant
suffi
suffis
suffis
suivre
suivant
suivi
suis-s-t
suivis
taire
taisant
tu
tais
tus
tenir
tenant
tenu
tiens
tins
Fui.
tiendrai Près.
Subj, tienne
traduire
traduisant
traduit
traduis
traduisis
traire
trayant
trait
trais
wanting
tressaillir tressaillant
tressailli
tressaille
tressaillis
vaincre
vainquant
vaincu
vaincs
vainquis
valoir
valant
valu
vaux
valus
FuU
vaudrai Près.
Subj. vaille
venir
venant
venu
viens
vins
Fut.
viendrai Près.
Subj. vienne
vêtir
vêtant
vêtu
vêts
vêtis
vivre
vivant
vécu
vis
vécus
voir
voyant
vu
vois
vis
Fui.
verrai Près.
Subj, voie
vouloir *
voulant
voulu
veux
Youlus
Fut.
voudrai Près.
Subj. veuille
* Imperat. veuille, veuillons, veuillez.
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