ne leur étaient en rien, in no wise took from them

1. 21. faire valoir, give their full force or value ; faire governs tous les talents.

1. 23. Condorcet (M. J. Ant. Nie. Caritat, marquis de) [1743 — 1794]. His Esquisse d'tm tableau historique des progrès de V esprit hmnain, published in 1795, contained ail the illusions of the French philosophers of the eighteenth century, ail their noble aspirations, without their violence and their préjudice. The following criticism is worth quoting: "Condorcet's view of the character of the relations among the circumstances of the social union, either at a given moment or in a succession of

loo CONSIDÉRATIONS, à^c. [chap. i.

periods, was both accurate and far-sighted. When he came actually to exécute his own great idea, and to specify the manner in which those relations arose and operated, he instantly diverged from the right path. Progress, in his mind, is exclusively produced by improvement in intelligence. It is the necessary resuit of man's activity in the face of that disproportion now existing between what he knows and what he desires and feels the necessity to know. Hence the most fatal of the errors of Condorcet's sketch. He measures only the contributions made by nations and eras to what we know ; leaving out of sight their failures and successes in the élévation of moral standards and ideals, and in the purification of the passions." (Morley, Critical Miscellanies)

1. 32. Valazé (Charles Dufiiche de) [1751 — 1793] was a member for the department of Orne. His colleague hère alluded to was Riouffe (Honoré) [1764 — 1813]: he managed, in spite of his Girondist opinions, to outlive the reign of Terror, and was made a prefect by Napoléon I.

Page 5.

1. 4. d'une main... = avec une main... The préposition de used to express the idea of instrument, occurs repeatedly in the authors of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, even in sentences where we should hardly venture to employ it now; thus: "Résistez virilement et de courage contre les desseings des ligueurs." (Henry IV, Letters.)

1. 6. tout ce qu'il y avait d^ honnêtes gens — tout ce d'honnêtes gens qu^il y avait. Ce hère is neuter and corresponds to the Latin hoc.