livre,/, pound

livrer, to deliver, give over; se

— à, dévote or apply oneself to, give oneself over to

local, -e, adj. and m. local, precincts

location, /. renting

loge, /. box (theater)

loger, to lodge, stay, accommodate

loi, /. law

loin, adv. and m. far away, distant, distance; au — , far away; plus — , farther; de — , from a distance; du plus

— que, as soon as lointain, -e, distant, far away Loire, /. French river Londonien, -ne, adj. and s.

Londoner, of London Londres, London loisir, m. leisure long, -ue, adj. and m. long,

length; le — de, au — de,

along

Longchamp, racing course near

Paris longer, to run along, border,

Une longtemps, long time, long, for

a long time longueur, /. length lopin, m. small lot, bit Lorrain, -ne, adj. and s. Lor-

rainer lors, then, that time; — de, at

the time of lorsque, conj. when louer, to praise loueur, -euse, m. and f. lessor,

one who rents Louis (XIII, — XIV, — XV)„dy-

nasty of French kings (XVIIth

and XVIIIth centuries); — le

Grand, Louis the Great (Louis

XIV) ; also the name of a lycée

in Paris loup, m. wolf lourd, -e, heavy; poids — y

heavyweight (boxing) Louvre, palace and Muséum in

the center of Paris lui, conj. pr., see le; disj. pr,

him, it, he, on his part, him-

self, itself lui-même, elle-même (euxmêmes, elles-mêmes, pi.) pr.

himself, herself, itself, etc.

lumière,/, light lunch, w. luncheon lunettes, /. pi. spectacles

VOCABULARY

Lutèce, Lutetia, French form

of the old Latin word for

Paris Lutetia (Hôtel), up-to-date ho tel

on the left bank of the

Seine lutte,/, struggle luxe, m. luxury Luxembourg, name of a palace

and a park in Paris lycée, m. state high-school, lycée lycéen, -ne, m. andf. high school

boy, collège boy, collège girl Lyon, Lyons, large French city

on the Rhône

ma, see mon

macabre, ghastly, funereal

mâcher, to chew

machine, /. machine, engine

machiniste, m. operator, engineer

maçonnerie, /. masonry

madame (mesdames, pL), f.

Mrs., Madam (formerly used before the name of female saints of the church : Madame Catherine (for Sainte-Catherine)

madeleine, /. a variety of buns (made of very fine dough )

Madelon, familiat- for Madeleine (Maud): the wife of Guignol

mademoiselle, /. Miss, young lady

magasin, m. store, shop; grand — , department store; demoiselle de — , shop-girl

magazine, m. magazine

magique, magie

magistrat, m. magistrate, high officiai

magnifique, magnificent

mai, m. May

maillot, m. jersey, tights

main,/, hand

maint, -e, many, many a

maintenant, now

maintenir, to maintain, keep, hold; se — , be kept up

Maintenon, small city fifty-five miles west of Paris; also the name of a French noble woman who owned a castle there

maire, m. mayor

mairie,/, city-hall

mais, conj. but

maison, /. house, household, home, cottage, firm

maître, m. master

maîtresse, /. sovereign, mistress

majesté, /. majesty

Majestic (Hôtel), an up-to-date hôtel in Paris

majestueux, -euse, majestic

majorité, /. majority

mal, -e, (used only in a few phrases), bad, evil

mal, adv. and m. evil, wrong, ill, in a bad way, sore, badly, poorly, trouble, damage; sans

VOCABULARY

grand — , without much trouble, pretty easily maladroit, -e, unskilful, awk-

ward Malaquais (quai), one of the

quays of the Seine in Paris mâle, adj. and m. maie, man malencontreusement, unfortu-

nately malencontreux, -euse, unfortu-

nate malgré, prep. in spite of; —

que, although malheur, m. misfortune, bad

luck, unhappiness, woe malheureusement, unfortu-

nately malicieux, -euse, mischievous,

roguish, malicious malsain, -e, unhealthy maltraiter, to maltreat, use

roughly maman, /. mama mamelle,/, breast; bébé à la — ,

nursing baby manche,/, sleeve manger, to eat; donner à — ,

feed, give to eat manier, to handle, wield manière, /. manner manifestation, /. manifestation,

démonstration manœuvrer, to maneuver manquer, to be lacking, be miss-

ing, miss, fail mansarde, /. attic, garret

manufacture, /. manufacture manuscrit, m. manuscript maraîcher, m. vegetable gar-

dener marbre, m. marble marchand, -e, m., f. merchant,

peddler; — des journaux,

newspape;r vendor marchandise, /. (also pi.), mer-

chandise, wares, goods marche, /. march, walk, pace,

step, walking marché, w. market; bon — ,

cheap, cheaply marcher, to march, walk, go mardi, m. Tuesday; Mardi gras,

Shrove Tuesday maréchal, m. marshal, field-

marshal mari, m. husband Marie-Antoinette, queen of

France, guillotined in 1793 marier, to marry off; se — ,

marry, get married; marié

avec, married to maritime, maritime, by sea marmiton, m. kitchen boy Marne, /. tributary of the Seine marquer, to mark, show, in-

dicate; marquant, -e, note-

worthy, outstanding marronnier, m. chestnut tree mars, m. March marteau, m. hammer Martin, Martin martyr, -e, m. and f. martyr

VOCABULARY

martyre, m. martyrdom

massacrer, to massacre, slay

mât, m. mast

match, m. match

matériel, -le, adj. and m. ma-

terial, concrète; — de guerre,

war-material massif, m. plot, bush, flower-bed matière, /. matter, branch; en

— de, in regard to matinal, -e, morning, early,

early-rising matinée, /. morning, matinée Maupassant (Guy de), French

novelist and short story-teller

(XIXth century) maussade, ill-humored, sulky mauvais, -e, adj. and s. bad,

evil, wrong

Maxime, Maxim

maximiun, m. maximum

me, conj. pr. me, to me

-™®, abbreviation of numerals; gme^ 3me^ 4me^ ^^^ (f^^

deuxième, etc.)

mécanisme, m. mechanism

méchant, -e, mean, naughty, mischievous, bad, wretched, puny

médaille, /. medal

médecine, /. medicine

Médicis, Medici, a well-known Florentine family of the Renaissance

médiocre, médiocre

médiocrité, /. mediocrity

méditer, to meditate, think over Médor, dog name meilleur, -e, better; le — , best mélancolique, melancholy mélodrame, m. melodrama melon, m. melon, cantaloup membre, m. member, limb même, adj. and adv. same, self,

very, even; de — , in the

same way; de — que, just as mémoire, /. memory; m. pL,

memoirs mémorable, mémorable menace, /. threat menacer, to threaten, menace ménage, m. housekeeping, house-

hold; femme de — , char-

woman ménagère,/, housekeeper, house-

hold mistress ménager, to eut, open ménagerie, /, ménagerie mener, to lead, bring, take,

drive mensonge, m. lie mention,/, mention; faire — de,

to mention mentionner, to mention mer, /. sea merci, /. mercy, thank y ou;

Dieu — , thank God mère,/, mother mergitur. Latin word meaning:

it sinks mériter, to merit, deserve merveilleusement, wonderfuUy

VOCABULARY

merveilleux, -euse, wonderful mes, see mon

mésaventure, /. misadventure mesquin, -e, petty, puny, weak messieurs, see monsieur mesure, /. measure, proportion mesurer, to measure, limit; se — , measure oneself, meet, fight métallique, metallic métamorphoser, to métamorphose, change méthode, /. method métier, m. trade, handicraft mètre, m. meter (39 inches) métro, m. abbreviation for métropolitain métropole,/, metropolis, mother

country, mother métropolitain, m, subway (in

Paris) mettre, to put, place, put on, set, put in place, take; se — à, take up; se — , be put; se — au travail, start work; s*y — , start; bien mis, welldressed meuble, m. pièce of furniture;

pi. furniture meubler, to furnish meurtrière, /. loop-hole mexicain, -ne, Mexican mi, adv. and adj. (invariable), equally, mid-, half; carême, Midient midi, m. midday, noon, south

midinette, /. Parisian shop-girl,

who goes out at noon (midi) to

take her lunch) miette, /. crumb mieux, adv. better; le — , best milieu, m. middle, midst, sur-

roundings militaire, adj. and m. military mille, card. one thousand mille, m. mile Millerand (Alexandre) , Président

of the French Republic (1920) millier, m. about one thousand,

thousand million, m. million MlIo, Greek island minable, misérable mine, /. mine, face, expression miniature, /. miniature ministre, m. minister minuit, m. midnight minute, /. minute miroir, m. mirror misérablement, miserably mitrailleuse, /. machine-gun mobilier, m. furniture mode, /. manner, style, fashion;

à la — , in style modèle, m. model moderne, modem, up-to-date moderniser, to modernize modeste, modest modique, ^mall, moderate moellon, m. stone, building-

stone moelleux, -euse, soft

moi, conj. and disj. pr. me, to

me, I, myself ; mon ... à — ,

my own moindre, less, smaller; le — ,

least, the slightest moineau, m. sparrow moins, adv. less, the less; le

— , least; au — , at least; à

— que or de, unless; pour le

— , at the least; n*en . . .

pas — , none the less, never-

theless mois, m. month moissonneuse, /. reaper, har-

vester moitié,/, half, wife; à —, half;

la — moins, half less Molière, great French comic

writer (XVIIth century) moment, w. moment mon, ma (mes, />/.), poss. adj.

pr. my monde, m. world, people, Society, class; tout le — , every-

body mondial, -e, world-wide monnaie, /. change, coin monôme, m. monôme, single

file (of rowdy students) monotone, monotonous monsieur (messieurs, pl.)^ m.

mister, sir, gentleman; abbre-

viated: M., Mr. (pronounced:

mesieu) monstre, m. and adj. monster,

monstrous

mont, m. mount; ^ -Blanc,

Mount Blanc (highest top in

the Alps) Montmartre, picturesque quar-

ter in the north of Paris Montparnasse, a quarter of

Paris where a large number of

artists hâve their studios Montrouge, a quarter in the

south of Paris montagne, /. mountain monter, to mount, go up, as-

cend, corne up, rise montrer, to show, point out monument, m. monument moquer, to mock; se — de,

make fun of, rail at morceau, m. morsel, bit, pièce mordre, to bite mort, /. death mortel, -le, adj. and s. mortal,

deadly mosaïque, /. mosaic mot, m. Word; un bon — , a

witticism moteur, m. motor motoculture, /. motoculture mouche, /. fly mouchoir, m. handkerchief mouiller, to wet, drench moulin, m. mill moiurir, to die; mort, -e, dead,

rotten mousquet, m. musket mousseline, /. muslin mouton, m. sheep

VOCABULARY

mouvementé, -e, agitated, full of incidents, eventful

mouvoir, to move, drive; mû, mue, driven

moyen, -ne, adj. and m. average, mean, middle, means; — âge, Middle Ages

M. P., initiais of: Military Police

mugir, to roar

multiplier, to multiply

multitude, /. multitude

municipal, -e, municipal

mur, m. wall

mus, see mouvoir

muscle, m. muscle

musée, m. muséum

musette, /. nose-bag

Muséimi, m. Muséum (of natural history in Paris)

musicien, m. musician

musique, /. music

mutiler, to mutilate

myriade, /. myriad, a considérable number of

mystère, m. mystery

mystérieux, -euse, mysterious

mythologique, mythological

n'en, see ne

nacre, /. mother-of-pearl naguère, lately, not long ago naïf, -îve, naive, ingenuous nain, m. dwarf naissance, /. birth

naître, to be born; né, -e, born Napoléon, name of a dynasty of

French emperors (Napoléon

V\ Napoléon IH) nation, /. nation national, -e, national naturaliste, m. naturalist nature, /. nature naturel, -le, adj. and m. natural,

naturalness naturellement, naturally, of

course naval, -e, naval; chantier de

constructions navales, ship-

building yards navigable, navigable navigateur, m. navigator, sailor naviguer, to sail navrer, to break the heart of;

navré, -e, heartbroken ne, adv. (usually with pas, point,

etc.), not (frequently pleo-

nastic) néanmoins, nevertheless nec, Latin word meaning: and

it does not nécessaire, necessary négrier, m. slave-dealer neige,/, snow nénuphar, m. water-lily nettement, clearly, plainly neuf, card. nine neuf, neuve, new neuvième, ord. ninth New-Yorkais, -e, New Yorker nez, m. nose

ni, conj. nor; — ... — , neither . . .

nor

Niagara, Niagara

nicher, to nestle

nid, m. nest, hotbed

niveau, m. level

niveler, to level, pull down

Noailles, name of a French family

noble, adj. and s. noble

Noctambules, m. pi. a café in the Latin Quarter where many witty chansons are sung

Noël, m. Christmas

nœud, m. knot, center, hub, junction

noir, -e, black

nom, m. name; avoir — , to be named

nombre, m. number

nombreux, -euse, numerous

nommer, to name; nommé, -e, named, called

non, adv. no, not; — pas, not at ail; ne . . . — plus, not . . .

either

nonchalamment nonchalantly, carelessly

nord, m. north; est, north-

east {d is not pronounced in nord, but the liaison may be made in nord-est); Nord- Sud, North-South, a subway that crosses Paris from North to South

normal, -e, normal, natural

normalement, normally

Normandie, /. Normandy (French province on the English Channel)

nos, see notre

notable, notable

notamment, especially, for instance

note,/, note, bill

notre (nos, pi.) poss. adj. pr. our; Notre-Dame, Our Lady (name of most French cathedrals, which are dedicated to Our Lady, i.e., the Virgin)

nounou, /. (baby pronunciation for nourrice, nurse), nurse

nourrir, to nourish, nurse, feed

nourrisson, m. nursling

nous, conj. and disj. pr. we, us, to us

nous-mêmes, pr. we ourselves, ourselves

nouveau (nouvel before vowels), -elle, new, other; de — , anew, again; nouvelle (s), /.

news, pièce of news

nouveauté, /. novelty

novembre, m. November

noyer, to drown, swamp

Noyon, French cathedral town, north of Paris

nu, -e, naked, bare

nuancé, -e, full of nuances, shades

nuée, /. thick cloud, host

nuisible, detrimental

VOCABULARY

nuit,/, night

nul, -le, adj. and pr. no, no one,

any numéro, m. number numérotation, /. numbering numéroter, to number Nuremberg, large city of Ba-

varia (Germany)

obéir, to obey objet, m. object obliger, to oblige obscurcir, to darken obscurité, /. obscurity, darkness observatoire, m. observatory,

observation-post, point of van-

tage observer, to observe, watch,

look at obtenir, to obtain, get {h pro-

nounced as p) obus, m. shell occasion, /. occasion, oppor-

tunity; d* — , second-hand occuper, to occupy; s* — occupy

oneself, busy oneself, look

after; être occupé, be busy,

concern oneself Odéon, m. name of a very good

theater in Paris odeur,/, odor, smell œil (yeux, pl.)^ m. eye, glance;

voir d*un bon — , to look upon

favorably œillet, m. pink, carnation

œuf, m. egg (/ pronounced in the singular, but not in the plural)

œuvre,/, work; main d* — , labor

offensif, -ive, offensive

officiellement, officially

officier, m. officer

offre, /. offer

offrir, to offer

oh, interj. oh!

oindre, to anoint

Oise, /. name of a tributary of the Seine

oiseau, m. bird

oisif, -ive, idle

ombrage, m. shade

ombragé, -e, shady

ombre,/, shade, shadow

ombreux, -euse, shady

omnibus, m. omnibus (s pronounced)

on, indef. pr. one, people, they, you, we (accompanying verb may often be translated as a passive)

onde, /. wave; — s hertziennes, wireless waves

onze, card. eleven (elision not allowed before this word)

opéra, m. opéra

opérette, /. operetta

opinion, /. opinion

opposer, to oppose, prevent

or, conj. now, but

or, m. gold

orage, m. storm

VOCABULARY

orange,/, orange

oratoire, m. private chapel

Oratore (De), see De

ordinaire, ordinary, usual; d* — , à 1' — , usually

ordonner, to order

ordre, m. order

oreille, /. ear

organisation, /. organization

organiser, to organize, start, make

Orient, m. Orient, East

orienter, to direct, lead

original, -e, original

origine, /. origin; à l'-t-, originally

orme, m. elm

ornement, m. ornament

ornementation, /. adornment

orner, to adorn, ornament

ou, conj. or; — bien, or

où, where, in which, when; par — , by which

oublier, to forget

ouest, m. West

oui, yes

ours, m. bear

outre, prep. and adv. beyond, beside; en — , in addition,

besides; Atlantique, across

the Atlantic Océan; mer,

across the sea, overseas

ouverture, /. opening

ouvrage, m. work

ouvreuse, /. cloak-room attendant (in a theater)

ouvrier, -ère, adj. and s. workman, workwoman, of the workmen

ouvrir, to open; ouvert, -e, open, unfortified (of a town)

ovale, oval

oxygène, m. oxygen

page, /. page

païen, -ne, adj. and s. heathen,

pagan paille, /. straw pain, m. bread; petit — , roll;

pour un morceau de — , for

next to nothing pair, m. peer; sans — , peerless paire, /. pair paisible, peaceful paix, /. peace; rue de la Paix,

name of a street in Paris palais, m. palace; Petit Palais,

Grand Palais, palaces in the

Champs-Elysées, where art

exhibitions are usually held pâle, /. pale palme, /. palm panache, m. tuft papa, m. papa, daddy paperasse, /. trashy paper, red

tape papier, m. paper Paquin, name of a large dress-

making firm in the rue de la

Paix (Paris)

VOCABULARY

par, prep. by, through, with, because of, for, along, by way of, in; — jour, a day; de — le monde, ail through the world

paradoxal, -e, paradoxical

paradis, m. paradise

paraître, to appear; il paraît, it seems, they say

parallèle, parallel

parapet, m. parapet

parbleu, interj. upon my word!

of course!

parc, m. park (c pronounced)

parce que, conj. because

parchemin, m. parchment

parcimonieusement, sparingly

parcourir, to run through or over, cover

pardonner, to pardon, forgive

Parée, comic way of spelling Paris, to imitate the French pronunciation of that word

pareil, -le, similar, like, such, such a

parfait, -e, perfect

parfaitement, perfectly

parfois, at times

parfum, m. parfume, flavor

parfimier, to parfume, séant

parier, to wagar, bat; il y a tout à — que, it is practically cartain that

Paris, Paris

parisien, -ne, adj. and s. Parisian (writtan Parisien when s.)

parler, to speak, talk parmi, prep. among, batwean paroissien, m. parishionar parole, /. spaech, word; prendre

la — , to speak, bagin to

spaak part, /. part, direction, share;

quelque — , somewhera; de —

en — , through and through;

nulle — , nowhara; prendre

— à, to participata in; de la

— de, on tha part of, from; pour ma — , as for me, for my own part; â — , outsida of, différant from ail othars, paculiar; pour ime bonne —, largaly

parterre, m. pit (thaatar), plot (of a flowar gardan), flowarbad particularité, /. particularity particulier, -ère, particular, pe-

culiar, privata particulièrement, particularly partie, /. part, portion, game;

— ... — , partly . . . partly; faire — de, to ba part of , be a mamber of; en — , partly

partir, to départ, laava, set out,

go off partout, evarywhare; de — ,

from evarywhare, on ail sidas;

tm peu — , almost every whera partisan, m. supporter parure,/, ornament, attira, lady's

lingerie

VOCABULARY

parvenir, to attain, succeed; parvenu, -e, m. andf. parvenu, parvenue, upstart

pas, m. step, pace; à deux — de, quite near

pas, not, no; ne . . . — , not, no

Pascal, great French philosopher (XVIIth century)

passable, passable, fair

passage, m. passage, fare, corridor

passer, to pass, spend, take across; se — , pass, happen, take place; — potu:, hâve the réputation of; passant, -e, adj. and s. passing, passer-by; passé, -e, adj. and m. past; par le passé, in the past; trois millions passés, more than three million

passionner, to impassion; se — , be enthusiastic, take a f ancy for

Passy, élégant residential quarter of Paris

pâté, m. pie

patiemment, patiently

patrie,/, native land, country

patron, m. patron, master, skipper, factory-owner, boss

paume, /. palm (of the hand), hand-ball (game)

paupière, /. eyelid

pauvre, poor, pitiful

pavillon, m. pavillon, shack

payer, to pay, pay for; se — , pay for oneself

pays, m. country (pronounced:

pèyl: the same pronunciation

occurs in the next two

words) paysage, m. landscape, scenery paysan, -ne, adj. and s. peasant,

peasant woman peccadille, /. peccadillo, small

fault pêche,/, fishing péché, w. sin pêcheiu", -euse, m., f. and adj.

fisherman, fisherwoman, fishing peigne, m. comb peindre, to paint, picture peine, /. suffering, grief, pain,

difhculty, trouble; à — ,

scarcely peintre, m. painter peinture, /. painting pelé, -e, worn, trodden dry,

shabby pèlerinage, m. pilgrimage pelle, /. shovel pelouse, /. lawn pendant, prep. during, for (time) ;

— que, conj. while pendre, to hang pénible, difiScult, laborious, pain-

ful, distressing péniblement, painfully, with dif-

fîculty péniche,/, barge penser, to think, think out penseur, m. thinker

VOCABULARY

pension, /. pension

pente,/, slope

pépinière, /. nursery (young

trees) percher, to perch; se — , perch

oneself, sit perdre, to lose, ruin, undo; se

— , lose oneself, get lost perdrix, /. partridge {x not pro-

nounced) père, m. father perfectionner, to împrove; se

— , improve, make progress période, /. period perle, /. pearl, bead permanent, -e, permanent permettre, to permit, allow permission, /. permission, leave,

furlough perpendiculaire, perpendicular perpétuel, -le, perpétuai perruque, /. wig persécuteur, m. persecutor Pershing (General), American

general-in-chief during the

world war persister, to go on, keep on,

insist, persist; persistant, -e,

persisting, abiding, protracted personnage, m. personage, per-

son, person of importance personne,/, person; m. anyone,

no one; ne . . . — , no one,

nobody personnel, m. personnel force,

employées

perspective,/, perspective, prospect

perte, /. loss, ruin

peste, /. pestilence

petit, -e, small, little, short; — à —, little by little

petit-enfant, m. grandchild

petit-fils, m. grandson

Pétrograd, Petrograd, large Russian city

peu, adv. and m. little, not very, a little, few; un — , a little, somewhat; pour — que, if only, provided

peuple, m. people, nation, crowd

peupler, to populate, cover

peuplier, m. poplar

peur, /. fear; faire — à, to frighten

peut-être, perhaps

pharmacien, -ne, s. apothecary, druggist

philosophie, philosophy

philosophique, philosophical

phonétique, /. phonetics

phrase, /. phrase, sentence

physionomie, /. physiognomy, face

physique, /. physical

piailler, to bawl, squeal, screech

Picasso, great French contemporary painter

pièce,/, pièce, room, play

piécette, /. small coin

pied, m. foot; balle au — , football

Pierre, Peter; — le Grand,

Peter the Great, czar of

Russia pierrot, familiar for: moineau

(sparrow) pigeon, m. pigeon pieusement, piously pillard, w. plunderer, highway-

man Pinaud, large perfume manu-

facturing firm in Paris pioche, /. pickax, mattock pion, m. coach, tutor (in French

high-schools; very contemp-

tuous) pipe, /. pipe pipelet, m. doorkeeper (slangy

for: concierge) piquant, m. qualit}' of being piquant, charm, original beauty pique-niquer, to picnic pire, worse Piron, French writer (XVIIIth

century) pirouetter, to turn, whirl, whir piscine, /. swimming-pool piteux, -euse, pitiful, woeful pitié,/, pity; la Pitié, name of a

hospital in Paris pittoresque, adj. and m. pic-

turesque, picturesqueness Pivert, large perfume manufac-

turing firm in Paris placard, m. closet, small closet place, /. place, square, seat;

faire — à, céder la — à, to

make way for; par — s, in

some places; sur — , on the

spot Placidas, Placidas (pagan name

of Saint Eustacius) plaindre, to pity; se — , com-

plain plaine, /. plain plainte, /. complaint plaire, to please; plaisant, -e,

pleasing, mocking, satirical plaisance, /, enjoyment, pleas-

ant résidence, vacation plaisanterie, /. joke plaisir, m. pleasure; partie de

— , spree, excursion, party planche, /. plank, board planer, to soar plante, /. plant; Jardin des

Plantes, public park in Paris planter, to plant platane, m. plane-tree plate-bande, /. flower-bed plâtre, m. plaster; battre comme

— , to give a sound licking

to plein, -e, fuU, open (air, field,

etc.) ; en — Paris, right in the

center of Paris pleurer, to weep pleuvoir, to rain pluie, /. rain plume, /. feather, pen plupart (la), /. most, the major-

ity; pour la — , most of them

(when subject, usually fol-

VOCABULARY

lowed by verb in the

plural) plus, more, in addition, some

more, plus, no more; le — ,

most; — ... — , the more

. . . the more; ne . . . — , no

longer, no more; de — , in

addition, more; de — en — ,

more and more plusieurs, adj. pi. several plutôt, rather, sooner poche, /. pocket poêle, m. stove {oê pronounced

as oi in poil) poète, m. poet poids, m. weight poignée, /. handful Poincaré (Raymond), Président

of the French Republic during

the world war poing, m. fist point, not at ail; ne . . . — , not

at ail pointe, /. point, tip pointu, -e, pointed pois, m, pea (usually petit — ) poison, m. poison poisson, m. fish

poissonneux, -euse, full of fish policé, -e, civilized politique, adj. and f. political,

poli tics poltron, m. coward pomme, /. apple; — de terre,

potato pompeux, -euse, pompous

pompier, m. fireman Pontgouin, small village, not

far from Chartres pont, m. bridge; levis, draw-

bridge; — Royal, an old stone

bridge on the Seine ponctuellement, punctually populaire, popular populariser, to popularize population, /. population populeux, -euse, populous,

crowded port, m. port, wharf, harbor portail, m. portai, doorway, front

(of a church) porte, /. door; aux — s de,

quite near (a city) portée,/, reach, range; à — de,

within reach of porte-malheiu", adj. (invariable),

ominous, foreboding evil, un-

lucky porter, to carry, bear, wear;

se — , be (of the health) portière, /. carriage-window (in

a train) portrait, m. portrait poser, to place, put, set down position, /. position posséder, to possess, own, hâve possession, /. possession possible, possible poste,/, post, post-office; bureau

de — post-ofiice postérieur, -e, later postérité, f. posterity

VOCABULARY

potache, m. schoolboy (slangy) potager, -ère, adj. and m. vege-

table garden, of vegetables;

jardin — , vegetable garden potasser, to study very hard

(schoolboys' slang) poudre, /. powder poulailler, m. chicken-house poumon, m. lung poupée, /. doll pour, prep. for, to, as, in order to,

in regard to; — que, cotij. that,

in order that, for; — ... (adj.)

que, however {adj.) . . .

pourquoi, conj. and adv. why,

why?

pourrir, to rot

pourtant, however, nevertheless pourvoir (à), to provide, fill,

satisfy (a need); pourvu, -e,

provided; pourvu de, pro-

vided with pousser, to push, urge on,

actuate, décide, grow; faire

—, grow poussière, /. dust poussif, -ive, short-winded,

pufïing pouvoir, to be able, can, may,

be able to do pratique, adj. and f. practice,

practical pratiquer, to practice; se — ,

be practiced, be played précédent, -e, preceding précéder, to précède

précieux, -euse, precious précis, -e, précise précisément, precisely, exactly prédécesseur, m. predecessor prédilection, /. prédilection,

préférence préférence, /. préférence; de

— , preferably préférer, to prefer; préféré, -e,

pet, favorite premier, -ère, first, greatest,

best (abbreviated: I®*") prendre, to take, take on, catch,

seize, get, assume; — l'air,

take a walk, make an outing;

s'y — , proceed; — du bon

temps, hâve a good time préoccupation, /. préoccupation préoccuper, to preoccupy; se

— de, think of, set about préparation, /. préparation; en

— , being prepared préparer, to prépare, dress près, prep. (with de) and adv.

near, nearly, about to; à peu

— , à peu de chose — , nearly,

almost présent, -e, adj. and m. présent;

à — , at présent, now présenter, to présent; se — ,

occur président, m. président, chairman presque, almost presse, /. press, crowd presser, to press, hurry, urge;

se — , be in a hurry, crowd,

VOCABULARY

press, press close; pressé, -e,

in a hurry, hurried; courir

au plus pressé, do what is

most urgent first prestement, nimbly, quickly prestige, m. prestige prétendre, to prétend, claim,

maintain prêter, to lend; se — , be fit

for prétexte, m. pretense, pretext;

sous — de, under color of preuve, /. proof; faire — de,

show, évince prévoir, to foresee prière, /. prayer primaire, primary primevère, /. cowslip primitif, -ive, primitive prince, m. prince; princesse, /.

princess principal, -e, principal, chief principalement, chiefly printemps, m. spring prison,/, prison priver, to deprive; privé, -e,

private prix, prize, value, price, cost probable, probable probablement, probably problème, m. problem procédé, m. process procéder (à), to proceed (with) procession, /. procession prochain, -e, next, nearest, com-

ing, immédiate

proche, near, nigh proclamation, /. proclamation prociu-er, to procure, get; se — ,

procure prodigieusement, prodigiously prodigieux, -euse, prodigious prodiguer, to lavish producteur, m. producer production, /, production produit, m. product profane, m. and adj. layman,

public professer, to teach, profess professeur, m. professer, teacher professorial, -e, professorial professionnel, -le, professional,

vocational profit, m. profit profiter, to profit profiteur, m. profiteer profond, -e, profound, deep profondeur, /. depth programme, m. program, curri-

culum progrès, m. progress, improve-

ment projet, m. project, plan prolongement, m. continuation,

extension prolonger, to prolong; se — ,

be prolonged, extend promenade, /. walk promener, to take about; se — ,

take a walk, ride, etc., walk to

and fro; — ses pas, walk,

stroll, go leisurely

VOCABULARY

promeneur, m. stroller prononcer, to pronounce, utter,

deliver; se — , be pronounced,

delivered propice, propitious prononciation, /. pronunciation proposer, to propose; se —

de, think of, intend, propose propre, proper, clean, own proprement, properly, correctly,

cleanly; — dit, properly so

called propreté,/, cleanliness propriété, /. property, ownership prosaïque, prosaic prosaïquement, prosaically prose,/, prose protection, /. protection protéger, to protect; se — , be

sheltered prouver, to prove provenir, to corne from, originate proverbialement, proverbially province, /. province; de — ,

provincial provocation, /. provocation P. T. T., initiais of Postes, Télégraphes, Téléphones (ail

of them State managed 'in

France) public, -ique, adj. and m. public publicité, /. publicity, advertis-

ing publier, to publish puis, then puisque, conj. since

puissance, /. power, might

puissant, -e, powerful, mighty

pur, -e, pure

purement, purely

purifier, to purify

piu"iste, m. purist, one who in-

sists on the purity of the

language Puteaux, industrial suburb of

Paris (on the Seine) pyramide, /. pyramid Pythagore, Pythagoras, Greek

philosopher

qu*, see que quai, m. quay

quand, conj. when, if, even if quant (à), as for, as to quantité, /. quantity quarantaine, /. about forty quarante, card. forty quart, m. quarter, fourth quartier, m. quarter, ward, pièce; — général, headquarters; Quartier Latin, Latin Quarter (on the left bank of the Seine in Paris) quasiment, almost, as it were quatorzième, ord. fourteenth quatrain, m. quatrain quatre-vingtième, ord. eightieth que, conj. and adv. that, in order that, than, as, whether, why, how, but (after a négative), let, see that (used also to

VOCABULARY

avoid répétition of a conjunction, then takes the meaning of the first conjunction) ; ne . . . — , only, but, except; c'est — , introductory phrase, often better left untranslated, sometimes = ît is because, that is, but; — ... ou, whether ... or

que, rel. pr. whom, which, what, ever; ce — , what, etc.; — de how much, how many

que, itit. pr. what?; qu'est-ce — (qui)? what?

quel, -le, adj. pr. (rel. or înt.) what, which, of what kind, who

quelconque, indef. adj. pr. whatever, whatsoever, very ordinary

quelque, indef. adj. pr. some, a few {pi.)', — chose de, something; — trente, about thirty (quelque always invariable in that meaning, before a cardinal number)

quelquefois, sometimes

quelqu'un, -une (quelquesuns, quelques-imes, pi.) indef.

pr. someone, somebody

question,/, question

quête, /. quest; en — de, in quest pf

queue, /. taîl

qui, rel. pr. who, which, what, whoever; ce — , who, which, what, etc.; de — , whose, etc.

qui, int. pr. who? which? what?

quiconque, rel. pr. whoever quiétude, /. quiétude, calmness quinze, card. fifteen quinzième, ord. fifteenth quoi, int. and rel. pr. what, which; — qu'il en soit (de), whatever may be, however it may be quoique, conj. although quotidien, -ne, adj. and m. daily

Rabelais, great French prose

writer of the Renaissance raccommoder, to mend, repair raccourcir, to shorten Racing-club, one of the best

athletic clubs in Paris raffiné, -e, refined rage, /. rage; faire — , to rage raison, /. reason; avoir — , be

right ramasser, to pick up, gather Rambouillet, small town, near

Paris, with a fine historical cas-

tle, surrounded by an exten-

sive forest rame, /. oar; bateau à — s, row-

boat rang, m. rank, row rangée, /. row rapidement, rapidly rappeler, to recall, remind; se

— , remember rapport, m. report, relation rapporter, to bring back, report

VOCABULARY

rare, rare

rarement, rarely

rarissime, extremely rare

ras, -e, closely eut; au — de,

on a level with {s not pro-

nounced) rassembler, to gather; se — ,

meet, gather rassurer, to reassure; rassuré,

-e, confident râteau, m. rake ratiomiel, -le, rational ratiomiellement, rationally rattacher, to tie again, attach;

se — , be attached, connected

with rattraper, to catch again, catch

up rayon, m. ray, beam, radius réaliser, to realize, exécute; se

— , come true rebâtir, to rebuild récemment, recently recensement, m. census récent, -e, récent réception, /. réception recevoir, to receive rechercher, to search for, seek,

look for; recherché, -e, in

great demand récit, m. narration, narrative réclamer, to claim récolter, to harvest, collect recommander, to recommend,

commend recommencer, to begin again

reconnaissance, /. gratitude reconnaissant, -e, thankful reconnaître, to recognize, admit,

realize, acknowledge reconstruction, /. reconstruction record, m. record récréation, /. récréation, pleas-

ure, relaxation, recess recruter, to recruit; se — , be

recruited rectangulaire, rectangular recueil, m. collection recueillir, to gather, collect,

pick up reculer, to draw back, fall back;

reculé, -e, distant redevenir, to become again rédiger, to write, indite redingote, /. frock-coat réfléchir, to refîect, think reflet, m. reflection (of light) refléter, to reflect (light, etc.);

se — , be reflected réflexion, /. reflection refluer, to ebb, flow back réfugier (se), to take refuge;

réfugié, m. refugee refuser, to refuse; se —, to

refuse regard, m. glance, look, regard,

eye regarder, to look at, look, watch régime, m. régime, System régiment, m. régiment région, /. région, district règle,/, rule

VOCABULARY

régler, to rule, regulate

règne, m. reign

regretter, to regret, be sorry for,

miss régularisation, /. regularization,

improvement régulier, -ère, regulàr régulièrement, regularly Reims, capital of the province

of Champagne, noted for its

beautiful cathedra!, half de-

stroyed by the Germans dur-

ing the récent war reine, /. queen rejoindre, to meet, join; se — ,

meet relâche, /. recess, period during

which most theaters are closed

in France relâcher, to release, let go relever, to raise, lift relier, to bind, connect religieux, -euse, religious relique, /. relie relire, to read over again remarquable, remarkable remarque, /. remark remarquer, to remark, notice;

se — , be noticed rembourser, to pay back, repay remerciement, m. thanks remettre, to put back, put again,

deliver, give, give over; se

— , put oneself back; se —

en route, start again remiser, to put back in its place

remonter, to corne up again, go

back, go up remorqueur, m. tug rempart, m. rampart, city wall,

wall remplacer, to replace remplir, to fill, fulfil remporter, to carry off, carry remuer, to move, stir; remuant,

-e, stirring, fidgety Renaissance, /. Renaissance

(usually identified with the

XVIth century) rencontre, /. meeting, event,

encounter rencontrer, to meet rendez-vous, m. rendez-vous,

appointment, meeting rendre, to render, give back,

make, yield; se — , surrender,

betake oneself, go renforcer, to strengthen, fortify renouveler, to renew, repeat;

se — , be renewed rentier, m. one who lives on his

income rentrer, to reënter, come in,

return répandre, to scatter, spread;

répandu, -e, much used, popu-

lar réparer, to repair répartir, to distribute repas, m. meal répertoire, m. repertory répliquer, to reply

VOCABULARY

répondre, to respond, answer, reply

réponse, /. answer, reply

repos, m. repose, restj salon de — , resting-room

reposer, to repose, rest; se — , rest

reprendre, to take again, take up, take to, take back, résume

représentation, /. performance; pi. objections, remonstrances

reproduire, to reproduce

république, /. republic; Troisième République, Third French Republic (founded in

1871) réputation, /. réputation réputé, -e, renowned réseau, m. system réserver, to reserve réservoir, m. réservoir, supply résidence, /. résidence résider, to réside, live, dwell résister, to resist, withstand résoudre, to résolve, solve respectable, respectable respecter, to respect respirer, to breathe ressembler, to resemble, look

like; se — , look alike ressource, /. resource restaurant, m. restaurant restaurer, to restore reste, m. rest, remains, trace;

du — , au — , besides rester, to remain, stay, stand

résultat, m. resuit

retapé, -e, plucked (at an ex-

a mination ; colloquial) retard, m. delay; en — , late retarder, to be late; — sur, be

older, date back, be (so many

years) back compared with retenir, to retain, hold back,

hold, keep retirer, to retire, draw back,

take off; se — , retire, with-

draw retomber, to fall again, fall back retoiu", m. return; de — , back;

en — , conversely, vice versa retraite, /. retreat, pension; en

— , on the retired list, pen-

sioned off retraité, m. retired gentleman retranché, -e, entrenched; camp

— , fortified camp retrouver, to find again réunion, /. meeting, gathering;

salle de — , assembly hall réunir, to reunite, bring together,

collect, make up réussir, to succeed (in or with) revanche, /. re venge; en — ,

on the other hand, on the

contrary rêve, m. dream revendiquer, to claim revendre, to sell again, resell revenir, to come back, return;

— à dire, be tantamount to

saying

VOCABULARY

revenu, m. income

rêver, to dream, dream of

revers, m. reverse, back

revêtir, to put on

révolution, /. révolution

revue, /. review

rez-de-chaussée, m. ground floor (first syllable is pronounced ré)

Rhin, m. Rhine

Rhône, m. Rhône

richard, m. rich fellow (familiar)

riche, adj. and s. rich, rich person

Richelieu (Cardinal de), French prime minister under Louis

rideau, m. curtain

ridicule, adj. and m. ridiculous, ridicule

ridiculiser, laugh at, scoff at, make fun of

rien, m. nothing, anything; ne ... —, nothing; — que, only, merely

rieur, -euse, laughing

rigide, rigid, stiff

rigueiu-, /. rigor

rire, to laugh; riant, -e, laughing, merry, beautiful, enticing; m. laughter, laugh

rival, -e, adj. and s. rival

rivalité, /. rivalry, compétition

rive, /. bank (of a stream)

rivière, /, river

riz, m. rice

robe, /. dress, gown, frock

robinet, m. faucet, tap

roc, m. rock

rocaille, /. artificial rocks (in a park or garden)

rocher, m. rock, cliff

Rodin (Auguste), great French sculptor who died only recently

roi, m. king; le Grand Roi, Louis

rôle, m. rôle, part

romain, -e, adj. and s. Roman (written Romain when s.)

roman, m. novel, story

roman, -e, romanesque, Norman (style of architecture)

romantique, romantic

rompre, to break

rond, -e, adj. and m. round

ronflement, m. humming, whir

rosace, /. rose-window

roseraie, /. rose-garden

Rostopchine (Comte), Russian nobleman, bitter enemy of Napoléon I

rôtir, to roast

Rôtisserie, /. popular restaurant (where chickens, etc., were roasted); la Rôtisserie de la Reine Pédauque, title of one of Anatole France's prose masterpieces

roue, /. wheel

rouer, to break upon the wheel

rouge, red

rougir, to redden, blush; rougissant, -e, blushing

VOCABULARY

rouleau, m. roll, coil roulement, m. rolling, beating

(of a dru m) rouler, to roll, drive route, /. road, highway, way;

en — , on the way routier, -ère, of roads royal, -e, royal; Place Royale,

square in eastern section of

Paris, now called Place des

Vosges royauté, /. kingship ruban, m. ribbon rubicond, -e, red, ruddy, with a

ruddy complexion ruche, /. hive rue, /. Street ruelle, /. alley rugby, m. rugby (foot-ball) ruine, /. ruin ruiner, to ruin Ruskin (John), great English

writer (XIXth century) russe, adj. and s. Russian

(written Russe when s,) rustique, countrylike, rural

s*, see se or si sa, see son sable, m. sand sablé, -e, sanded sablonneux, -euse, sandy sabot, m. wooden shoe sabre, m. saber

sac, m. sack, bag

sacre, m. coronation

sacré, -e, sacred

sacrifice, m. sacrifice

sage, good, well-behaved, wise; les Sept Sages, the Seven Wise Men (name given to seven Greek philosophers of the 6th Century B. C.)

sagement, wisely

saigner, to bleed

sain, -e, healthy, sound

sainement, soundly, wisely

saint, -e, holy, saint

Saint-Antoine, Saint Anthony (name of a section of Paris)

Saint-Denis, Saint Denis, patron saint of Paris; aiso an industrial suburb north of Paris, built around a church dedicated to that saint

Sainte-Geneviève, Saint Geneviève, another patron saint of Paris; also the name of a hill in the Latin Quarter dedicated to the saint

Saint-Eustache, Saint Eustacius, a martyr of the Church

Saint- Jacques, Saint James, name of a street in Paris

Saint-Louis, Saint Louis, name of a small island in the Seine

Saint-Michel, Saint Michel, name of a boulevard and bridge in Paris

VOCABULARY

Saint-Nicolas, Saint Nicholas,

name of a wharf in the port

of Paris Saint- Quentin, Saint Quentin,

name of a French cathedral

city, north of Paris Saint-Thomas, Saint Thomas,

the apostle saisir, to seize, catch, grasp saison, /. season; marchande

des quatre — s, costermonger salade, /. salad salaire, m. salary sale, dirty, nasty salle, /. hall, room, office; — à

manger, dining-room; — de

conférences, lecture-room salon, m. drawing-room, parlor;

Salon d*Automne, Autumn

Salon, exhibition of French

painters held in Paris every

autumn saluer, to greet, salute salve, /. salvo, peal samedi, m. Saturday sanctuaire, m. sanctuary sang, m. blood sanglant, -e, bloody sans, prep. without, except for;

— que, conj. without Sarah, Sarah satire, /. satire satirique, satirical satiriser, to satirise satisfaire, to satisfy sauge, /. sage

saute-mouton, m. leap-frog sauter, to jump; faire — , blow up sautiller, to hop, skip, leap sauvage, adj. and s. wild, savage sauver, to save; se — , run away sauveur, m. savior savant, -e, adj. and m. learned,

scholar savetier, m. shoe-maker savetir, /. taste, charm savoir, to know, know how,

know to be, find out, can sceller, to seal, make fast,

fasten scène, /. scène, stage science, /. science scientifique, scientific scolaire, pertaining to schools,

educational sculpter, to sculpture, carve (p

not pronounced) sculpttire, /. sculpture, carving

(p not pronounced) se (s*), refl. pr. himself, herself,

itself, themselves, etc.

séance, /. sitting seau, m. pail, bucket second, -e, second (c pronounced

as^) secondaire, secondary secret, -ète, adj. and m. secret séculaire, over a hundred years

old seigneur, m. lord sein, m. breast, bosom Seine, /. Seine

VOCABULARY

seize, card. sixteen

seizième, ord. sixteenth

séjour, m. sojourn, stay, résidence

séjourner, to sojourn, stay

sélection, /. sélection

selon, prep. according to

semaine, /. week

sembler, to seem; semblant, m.

semblance, pretence; faire semblant de, prétend to, feign to

semer, to sow, strew; se — , be sown, seeded; semé de, studded with, covered with

sénat, m. senate

sénateur, m. senator

sens, m. sensé, direction

Sens, French cathedral town, Southwest of Paris

sensationnel, -le, sensational

sensible, sensitive, thankful

sentir, to feel, perceive, smell; se — , feel oneself, feel that one bas or is, feel

séparer, to separate

sept, card. seven {p not pronounced)

septième, ord. seventh {p not pronounced)

serein, -e, serene, calm

sérieusement, seriously

sérieux, -euse, serious

serpent, m. serpent

serrer, to tighten, squeeze, grip; serré, -e, tight, close

serrure, /. lock

service, m. service, commission

serviette, /. napkin, portfolio

servilement, slavishly

serviteur, m. servant

servir, to serve, be of use; se — de, mate use of, use; — de, serve as

ses, see son

seuil, m. threshold

seul, -e, alone, single, only

seulement, only; non — , non pas — , not only

sévère, . severe, ^strict

Sévigné (Madame de), French woman of letters of the XVIIth century; also the name of a street in Paris

si, conj. and adv. if, to see if, whether, what if, so

siècle, m. century

siège, m. seat

siéger, to sit (of assemblies, etc.)

sien, -ne, adj. pr. (usually with le), his, hers, its, his own, etc.)

signaler, to call to one's attention

signatm-e, /. signature, signing

signe, m. sign

signer, to sign

signification, /. meaning, significance

signifier, to signify, mean

silence, m. silence; passer sous — , omit, leave aside

silhouette, /. silhouette, outline

VOCABULARY

sillonner, to furrow

simple, simple, mère, only

simplement, simply, merely

simplicité, /. simplicity

sincère, sincère

singe, m. monkey

singulièrement, singularly

site, m. site, spot

situation, /. situation, state

situer, to situate, place, locate

situé, -e, situated, lying

six, card. six

snob, (invariale) snobbish

social, -e, social

sociétaire, m. and f. member of

a Society société, /. Society soi, refl. pr. oneself, itself (in-

definite) soif, /. thirst

soigner, to take care of , look af ter soir, m. evening; le — , in the

evening soirée, evening, evening enter-

tainment or performance Soissons, French cathedral town

north of Paris soixante, card. sixty {x pro-

nounced as s) soixante-dix, card. seventy sol, m. soil, ground floor soldat, m. soldier soleil, m. sun, sunlight; grand

— , blazing sun solennel, -le, solemn (len pro-

nounced lan)

solennellement, solemnly solidité, /. strength, firmness solitaire, solitary sombrer, to sink sommairement, summarily somme, /. sum; en — , on the

whole sommet, m. top

somptueux, -euse, sumptuous son, sa (ses pi.), poss. adj. pr.

his, her, its songe, m. dream, illusion songer, to dream, muse, think sonner, to ring, ring out sonnerie, /. ringing Sorbonne, /. the Paris Univer-

sity sort, m. lot, fate sorte, /. sort, kind, description sortie, /. going out, exit sortir, to go out, corne out, get

out sot, -te, adj. and s. foolish,

stupid, fool sou, m. cent

souci, m. care, anxiety, concern soucier (se), to care, make a

point to souffrir, to suffer soumettre, to submit, subject soupçon, m. suspicion source, /. source, spring sourire, to smile sous, prep. under, beneath, in;

entendu, understood, im-

plied; sol, m. underground

VOCABULARY

souterrain, -e, adj. and m. subter-

ranean, underground, subway souvenir (se), to remember; il

me souvient, I remember; m.

memory, recollection, remem-

brance, souvenir souvent, often souverain, -e, adj. and s. sover-

eign spacietix, -euse, spacious spécialement, especially spécialisé, -e, specialized spectacle, m. spectacle, show,

play, sight spectateur, m. spectator spécimen, m. spécimen sphinx, m. sphinx Spire, German cathedral town

near the Rhine spirituel, -le, witty, spiritual sport, m. sport square, m. square, small public

garden stade, m. stadium; — Français,

Parisian athletic club statistique, /. statistic stagnant, -e, still, stagnant statue, /. statue stimuler, to stimulate Stockholm, the capital of

Sweden Strasbourg, beautiful French

cathedral town, near the

Rhine Studieux, -euse, studious, indus-

trious

Stupéfait, -e, stupefied, aston-

ished stupide, stupid style, m. style subir, to undergo subit, -e, sudden subitement, suddenly submerger, to submerge, sînk subsister, to remain, live substantiel, -le, substantial substituer, to substitute subtil, -e, subtle subventionner, to subsidize succéder, to succeed succès, m. success successeur, m. successor succession, /. succession sud, m. South suédois, -e, Swedish (written

Suédois when s.) Suisse, /. and adj. Switzerland,

Swiss (written suisse when

adj.) suite, /. folio wing, sequel, rest;

tout de — , de — , immediately suivre, to foUow, attend (a

course); suivant, -e, folio w-

ing sujet, m. subject; au — de,

about superbe, superb, splendid supérieur, -e, superior, upper supériorité, /. superiority superstitieux, -euse, supersti-

tious (second ti pronounced

as ci)

VOCABULARY

superficie, /. superficies, surface, area superposé, -e, on top of the other supplément, m. supplément supposer, to suppose, conjecture suprématie, /. supremacy suprême, suprême, last sur, prep. on, upon, over, near,

about, out oî, toward, to sûr, -e, sure, certain sûrement, surely surgir, to rise, spring up surmonter, to surmount surnommer, to nickname surpeuplé, -e, overpopulated surplus, m. surplus; au — ,

moreover, besides, however surprendre, to surprise, take by surprise; surprenant, -e, surprising surtout, above ail, especially surveiller, to watch, look after survenir, to come on or up un-

expectedly survoler, to fly over (of an

aéroplane) suspicion, /. suspicion svelte, m. slim S3rmbole, m. symbol symbolique, symbolic symphonie, /. symphony; neuvième — , ninth symphony (of Beethoven) syndicat, m. union systématiquement, systematically

table, /. table

tableau, m. picture

tâche, /. task; à la — , working, at work

taille,/, eut, size; pierre de — , eut stone

tailler, to eut, eut out, carve

talent, m. talent

tambour, m. drum

tandis que, conj. whereas, while

tant, so much, so many; — que, conj. as long as

tantôt, soon; — ... — , now . . .

now

tapageur, -euse, noisy, uproarious, eccentric, sensational

tapis, m. carpet, rug; le Tapis Vert, the Green Baize, name of a long grass prospect in the Park of Versailles

tapisser, to cover

tapisserie, /. tapestry

taquiner, to tease

tard, late

tarder, to be late, be slow in, be long in; ne pas — à, soon, promptly (do a thing)

tas, m. pile, heap

tasse, /. cup

taureau, m. buU

taxe, /. tax, taxation

taxer, to tax

taxi, m. abbreviation of taximètre

taximètre, m. taxi-cab

VOCABULARY

technique, adj. and f. technical,

technique techniquement, technically tel, -le, such, as téléphone, m. téléphone témoigner, to witness, show temple, m. temple temps, m. time, weather, tense;

du — de, at the time of ; de —

en — , from time to time.

tendance, /. tendency tendre, to stretch, tend, be in-

clined tenir, to hold, keep, get, keep to;

faire — , put; se — , take place tennis, m. tennis (déformation of

French: tenez) tentative, /. attempt tenue, /. bearing, dress; en

grande — , in fuU dress terme, m. term, expression terminer, to terminate, end,

finish; se — , be ended, end terminus, m. terminus, terminal terrain, m. soil, pièce of land,

ground, lot terrasse, /. terrace terre, /. earth, land; â — , to

the ground terrestre, terrestrial, by land terreur, /. terror terriblement, terribly terrifiant, -e, terrifying tes, see ton

testament, m. testament, will tête, /. head, top

thé, m. tea

théâtre, m. theater; pièce de — ,

play théâtral, -e, theatrical thème, m. thème théorie, /. theory théorique, theoretical Thermes, m. pi. Therms (Roman

baths) thèse, /. thesis ticket, m. ticket tilleul, m. linden-tree timide, timid, shy tinter, to tinkle, ring, toU tiroir, m. drawer titre, m. title, claim, right toile, /. cloth, canvas, web;

— d'araignée, cobweb toilette, /. toilet, dress, dressing toit, m. roof toiture, -e, roofed tombe, /. tomb, grave tomber, to fall, fall down, drop ton, m. tone; donner le — , to

set the fashion ton, ta (tes, pl.)^ poss. adj. pr.

(familiar), your tonneau, m. cask, barrel tonnelier, m. barrel-maker torpeur, /. torpor tort, m. wrong, harm; avoir — ,

to be wrong tortueux, -euse, crooked tôt, soon, early total, -e, total; au — , on the

whole

VOCABULARY

totalement, totally

toucher, to touch, touch on; — à, touch on, border, verge on; touchant, -e, touching, pathetic

touffu, -e, thick (of a wood)

toujours, always, ever, still

toupie, /. top

tour, m. turn; à son — , in his turn

tourbillon, m. whirlwind, whirlpool

tourisme, m. touring

touriste, m. tourist

tourner, to turn, turn around; faire — , to spin

tournoyer, to turn fast, whirl

tous, see tout

tout, -e (tous, toutes, pi.), adj., adv. and s. ail, whole, every, everything, everyone, whoUy, quite; tous les jours, every day; — à fait, wholly, entirely, altogether; — de même, ail the same; de — temps, always (when tous stands alone, without a noun, s is pronounced)

toutefois, however, still, yet, nevertheless

tout-puissant, -e, all-powerful

tradition, /. tradition

traduction, /. translation

traduire, to translate

trafic, m. trafl&c

tragédie, /. trag^dy

tragique, tragic

tragiquement, tragically

trahir, to betray

train, m. course, train, train of boats; en — de, in the act of; — de bateaux. Une of boats, tow; — sur route, interurban street-car

traîner, to drag, draw

trait, m. trait, feature, —

traité, m. treaty, agreement

traiter, to treat, treat of

tram, m. abbreviation of tramway

tramway, m. tramway, streetcar

tranche, /. slice

tranchée, /. trench

tranquille, tranquil, quiet

tranquillement, quietly

transformation, /. transformation

transformer, to transform

transmettre, to transmit, convey

transmuer, to transmute; se —, be transmuted

transport, m. transportation, transport, freighter (kind of

boat); agent de

trans-

portation agent transporter, to transport, con-

vey, carry; se — , be con-

veyed travail, m. work, labor; sans — ,

unemployed

VOCABULARY

travailler, to work, till; travaillé, -e, worked, wrought,

weather-beaten travailleur, -euse, adj. and s.

working, industrious, laborer travers, m. breadth, fault; à — ,

through, across traverser, to cross, pass through treize, card. thirteen treizième, ord. thirteenth tremblement, m. trembling;

tout le — , and ail the rest of

it (familiar) trente, card. thirty très, very, very much trêve, /. truce; sans fin ni — ,

never ending Trianon (le Petit —, le Grand

— ), two smaller palaces in

the Park of Versailles tricoter, to knit triomphe, m. triumph tripler, to triple triste, sad, gloomy, dismal trois, card. three troisième, ord. third trompe, /. trump tromper, to deceive; se — ,

be mistaken, make a mis-

take tronc, m. trunk, tree-trunk trop, too, too much; ne —

savoir, to not quite know trottiner, to trot along, take

small mincîng steps trottoir, m. sidewalk

troubler, to , trouble, disturb,

confuse troupeau, m. flock, herd trouver, to find, discover; se

— , chance to be, be, be located tu, you tube, m. tube, topper, top-hat

(familiar) tuberculose, /. tuberculosis tuer, to kill

tuerie, /. killing, slaughter Tuileries (les), /. pi. a public

garden in Paris, near the

Louvre tunnel, m. tunnel turc, turque, adj. and s. Turkish,

Turk (written Tiu-c when s.) type, m. type typique, typical

un, -e, card. and indef. art.

one, a, an; 1* — , one; les — s les autres, 1* — l'autre, one another uniforme, m. uniform imique, unique, only uniquement, only, solely imiversité, /. university -us, fréquent substantival ending in Latin usage, m. usage, use, custom, purpose; à V — de, for the use of, destined to usité, -e, used, in use usine, /. factory

VOCABULARY

utile, useful utilité, /. usefulness

vacance, /. vacation

vache, /. cow

va-et-vient, m. coming and going

vague, /. wave, sea

vaincre, to conquer, vanquish,

overcome; vaincu, -e, con-

quered vainqueur, m. conqueror, winner vaisseau, m. vessel, ship vaisselle, /. china, dishes valeur, /. value vallée, /. valIey valoir, to be worth; — mieux,

be worth more, be better; —

la peine, be worth while vanter, to eulogize; se — , boast

of, brag vapeur, /. steam; cheval ,

horsepower varier, to vary variété, /. variety vaste, vast, large, huge vaudeville, m. vaudeville véhicule, m. vehicle véhiculer, to carry, convey (in

a vehicle) veille /. eve, day before; à la

— de, on the eve of, just before veine, /. vein velours, m. velvet vendange, /. vintage, grape-

gathering

vendeur, m. vendor, seller

vendre, to sell

vénérable, vénérable

vengeance, /. revenge

venin, m. venom

venir, to corne; — de, corne from, hâve just; — à, corne to, happen

vénitien, -ne, Venetian

vent, m. wind; au — , in the wind, flying

vente, /. sale

ventre, m. stomach

Vénus, /. Venus; — de Milo, beautiful Greek marble statue in the Louvre Muséum

ver, m. worm; noyer le — , to drown the worm (i.e. drink)

Verdun, fortress of eastern France

verdure, /. green

verger, m. orchard

véritable, véritable, genuine, true

véritablement, genuinely, truly

vérité, /. truth

Verlaine (Paul), great French poet (end of XIXth century)

verre, m. glass

vers, m. verse

vers, prep. toward

Versaillais, -e, adj. and s. inhabitant of Versailles, of Versailles

Versailles, city near Paris

version, /. translation, version

VOCABULARY

vert, -e, adj. and m. green, foliage verticalement, vertically vertigineux, -euse, giddy vertu, /. virtue

verve, /. verve, animation, wit vestige, m. vestige, trace veston, m. jacket, short coat vêtement, m. garment; pi.

clothes viande, /. méat vice, m. vice vicissitude, /. vicissitude victoire, /. victory Victor, Victor

victorieux, -euse, victorious victuailles, /. pi. victuals, food-

stuffs vide, empty vider, to empty; se — , be

emptied vieillard, m. old man vieillesse, /. old âge vieux (vieil, before vowels),

vieille, adj. and s. old, old

man or woman vif, vive, lively, alive, brisk, fast,

living vigne, /. vine, vineyard vignoble, m. vineyard vil, -e, vile, low, mean village, m. village villageois, -e, adj. and s. villager,

of the village ville, /. city, town vin, m. wine; petit — , light wine

Vinci (Léonard de), Leonardo

da Vinci, great Italian painter

of the Renaissance vingt, card. twenty vingtaine, /. score vingt-cinq, card. twenty-five {t

pronounced) vingtième, ord. twentieth violemment, violently {em pronounced as am) violent, -e, violent viser, to aim at visiblement, visibly vision, /. vision visite, /. visit visiter, to visit, inspect visiteur, -euse, m., /. visitor,

caller vite, quickly vitesse, /. speed

vitrail, m. stained glass window vitrine, /. shop-window, show-

window vivre, to live, be alive; vivant,

-e, living, alive vogue, /. vogue; en — , in style,

in fashion voguer, to sail; faire — , navi-

gate, sail voici, hère is, hère are, ago, you

see hère voie, /. way voilà, there is, there are, you see

there, that's it voile, m. veil; /. sail voiler, to veil

VOCABULARY

voir, to see

voisin, -e, adj. and s. neighbor-

ing, adjoining, bordering,

neighbor voisinage, m. neighborhood voiture, /. carriage; — d'enfant,

perambulator, buggy voix, /. voice vol, m. flight; au — , while fly-

ing, before it falls down voler, to fly voleur, m. thief, robber volonté, /. will, wish volontiers, willingly Voltaire, French man of letters

(XVIIIth century) volume, m. volume volumineux, -euse, voluminous vomir, to vomit, pour out Vosges (les), /. pi. the Vosges

(chain of mountains in north-

eastern France, parallel with

the upper Rhine; pronounced:

voge) voter, to vote votre (vos, pL), poss. adj. pr.

your vôtre, poss. adj. pr. (usually

with the article), yours vouloir, to wish, will, be willing,

require; — dire, mean vous, conj. and disj. pr. you, to

you voûte, /. vault, arch voyage, m. voyage, journey, trip

voyager, to travel

voyageur, m. tra vêler

voyelle, /. vowel

vrai, -e, true, real; à — dire,

truth to say, as a matter of

fact vraiment, truly, really vraisemblablement, probably vue, /. view, sight; en — de,

with a view to; point de — ,

point of view, scenic point,

view vulgaire, vulgar, common

wagon, m. railway-car Whistler, great American painter (XIXth century)

Xavier Marmier, French man of letters and academician (XIXth century)

y, adv. and conj. pr. there, to or at or in it, to or at or in them, about it, to him, etc. y hère; il — a, ago

Yonne, /. tributary of the Seine

zeppelin, m. zeppelin, dirigible

balloon zone, /. zone, belt

PC P333 cop.2

Schoell, Franck Louis Le Paris d'aujourd'hui