livre, /., pound, livre (old coin
franc, livrée,/, livery.
livrer, deliver, give, betray, con-
fide ; fight ; se — , be fought
or waged, fight, wage.
locataire, w./., tenant, lodger.
loge,/, lodge ; box, apartment.
logement, m., lodging.
logis, w., house, lodging, home;
au — , at home, home, loi,/, law.
loin, far, far off or back ; de — ,
from afar.
lointain, -e, distant, remote.
lointain, vi., distance.
loisir, m. y leisure, time ; à — , at
leisure.
long, -ue, long.
long, w., length ; le — de, along. longtemps, a long time, long ; dès
or depuis — , long since, for a
long time.
longueur,/, length.
lors, then ; — même que, even if,
even though.
lorsque, when.
louable praiseworthy, commend-
able.
louer, praise, commend ; se — de,
be pleased with.
lourd, -e, heavy, dull.
lourdement, heavily.
loyal, -e, loyal, honest, faithful.
VOCABULARY
loyauté,/., honesty, fairness.
lu, srr lire.
lucrati f, -ve, lucrative, lueur, /"., glimnier, light.
lugubre, ïiiouniful, dismal.
lugubrement, niouinfully, dis-
nially.
lui-même, himself, itself.
luire, shine.
lumière,/., light.
lumineu-x, -se, luminous.
lundi, /;/., Monday.
lune,/., moon.
lus, see lire.
lustré, -e, lustrous, glossy. lutte, /., struggle, contest.
lutter, struggle.
luxe, fn., luxury.
lyrique, lyric(al).
maçon, m., mason.
maçonner, build, wall up.
Madame, /., Madam, Mrs., Mistrcss.
Mademoiselle,/., Miss.
madone,/., madonna.
madré, -e, cunning, crafty.
magique, magie.
magnanime, magnanimous.
magnifique, magniticent.
mai, w., May.
maigre, meagre, lean, scanty, poor, sorry.
main,/., hand ; mettre la — sur, la y one'.s hand upon, tind.
maintenant, now.
maintenir, maintain, keep, préserve.
Maïorque, />r. ;/., Majorca, one of the l'.alearic islands.
mais, but, why, well.
maison,/., house.
maisonnette,/., small house.
maitre, w., nia.ster, owner.
maitresse,/., mistress.
majesté,/., majesty.
mal, ;//., ill, evil, harm.
mal, ill, badly, bad, amiss ; plus
—, worse.
malade, ill, sick.
malade, w. /., sick person, inva-
lid.
maladie, /., malady, illness, infirmity ; — noire, hypochondria, blues.
maladif, -ve, sickly, morbid.
maladroit, -e, awkward.
maladroitement, awkwardly, un-
wisely.
malaise, m., uneasiness, uncom-
fortableness.
malavisé, -e, ill-advised.
mâle, maie, masculine, manly.
mâle, w., maie, man.
malencontreu-x, -se, unlucky.
malentendu, m., misunderstand-
ing.
malfaisant, -e, mischievous, mal-
evolent.
malgré, in spite of, notwith-
standing. malheur, w.. misfortune.
malheureusement, unfortunately,
unhappily.
malheureu-x, -se, unfortunate,
uiihapi^y.
malice,/., malice, malignity.
malignité,/., malignity.
mal in, -igné, malignant, mali-
cious.
malsain, -e, unhealthy, unwhole-
soine.
malveillance,/., malevolence, ill-
will.
mander, send for.
manger, cat.
mangeur, w., eater.
manie,/., mania, madness, eccen-
tricity.
manière,/., manner, way.
manifeste, manifest, évident.
VOCABULARY
manifestement, manifestly, evi-
dently.
manifester, manifest, show, dis-
play.
manœuvre, /., maneuvre, move,
tactics.
manqué, -e, defective, imperfect;
être — , be a failure.
manquer, fail ; — à, fail, lack, be
wanting ; — de, lack, want for.
mansarde,/., garret.
manteau, m., mantle, cloak.
manuscrit, m., manuscript.
marais, m., marsh.
marbre, m., marble.
marche, /., march, walk, ride.
journey, way, step ; en — , on
the march, walking; mettre en
— , march ; ouvrir la — , lead
the way.
marché, m., market, sale, bargain ;
bon — , cheapness ; faire bon —
de, hold or sell cheap.
marchepied, ;«., foot-boàrd, step.
marcher, walk.
mardi, m., Tuesday.
marécage, w., marsh.
marécageii-x, -se, marshy.
marge,/., margin ; time.
marguerite,/., daisy.
mari, w., husband.
mariage, w., marriage.
marier, marry, give in marriage;
se — , marry, get married.
marin, -e, marine, sea.
marin, m., mariner, sailor, sea-
man.
marine,/, navigation, navy ; sea-
affairs ; sea-piece.
marquant, -e, striking.
marque,/., mark, token.
marqué, -e, marked, decided. marquer, mark, indicate, appoint, marqueter, speckle, checker ; inlay.
marquisat, m., marquisate.
marquise,/., marchioness.
marronnier, w., chestnut-tree.
Marseille, pr. n., Marseilles.
martyre, m., martyrdom.
masque, m., mask, masse,/., mass, heap.
massi-f, -ve, massive, massif, m., group, clump; thicket.
masure,/., tumbledown building,
hut.
mater, mast, set up, raise ; rear.
matériel, -le, material, rude,
coarse.
matière, /., matter, material,
subject, cause, case.
matin, m., morning ; de grand — ,
very early; dès le — , at day-
break.
matinal, -e, morning, early.
matinée,/, morning.
matines,/./»/., matins, maudire, curse.
maudit, -e, cursed, confounded.
mausolée, m., mausoleum.
maussade, sullen, cross, disagree-
able.
mauvais, -e, bad, evil, wicked;
unfair ; poor, sorry.
méchant, -e, wicked, bad, naughty,
vicions. méconnaissable, unrecognizable.
méconnaître, fail to recognize,
disregard.
mécontent, -e, discontented, dis-
pleased.
mécontentement, discontent, dis-
pleasure.
médecin, ?n., physician. ^ médiocre, médiocre, ordinary.
médiocrement, moderately, indif-
ferently.
méditer, meditate, meditate on;
— de, contemplate.
méfiance,/, mistrust, distrust, mégère,/., shrew.
meilleur, -e, better, best.
mélancolie,/, melancholy.
mélancolique, melancholy ; dull.
VOCABULARY
mélinge, w., mixture, mêler là, with), mix, mingle.
mélûdieu X, -se, mtlodious.
mélodrame, w., nielodrama, membre, w., inember.
même, sanie, self; even, very.
mémoire, /'., memory.
menaçant, -e, menacing, threaten-
ing.
menace, /"., menace, threat.
menacer, menace, threaten.
ménager, manage, spare, be spar-
ing of ; bring about.
mendiant, -e, mendicant, beg-
mendiant, -e, m. /., mendicant,
beggar.
mendier, beg.
mener, lead, conduct, guide, mensonge, m., lie, lying, falsehood.
mensong-er, -ère, false, untrue.
menteu-r, -se, w./., liar.
mentir, lie.
menton, m., chin.
menu, ;;/., l)ill of fare.
méprendre (se), mistake, be mis-
taken.
mépris, see méprendre, mépris, ;//., contempt, scorn.
méprisant, -e, contemptuous,
scornful.
méprise,/., mistake.
mépriser, scorn, despise.
mer,/., sea.
merci, ;;/., thank(s).
mère,/., mother.
meringue, /., meringue (cream-
cake).
mérite,/., merit.
mériter, merit, deserve.
méritoire, meritorious, praisewor-
thy.
Merlin, />;-. ;/.
merveille, /., marvel, wonder ; à
— , wonderfully well ; remaïk-
able.
mésalliance,/., misalliance.
mésaventure, /., misadventure,
mishap.
messe,/., mass ; grand' — , high
mass ; basse — , — basse, petite
— , low mass.
mesure,/., measure, step, time;
t.xtent ; à — que, in proportion
as, as.
mesurer, measure, judge.
métairie,/., farm, farmhouse.
métaphore,/., metaphor.
méthode, /"., method, System, méthodique, methodical.
méthodiquement, methodically.
mets, m., méat, food, dish.
mettre, put, place; put on; se —
(à, to), sit down, begin.
meuble, w.„ (pièce of) furniture;
furnishing.
meurs, sec mourir, midi, /;/., mid-day; south.
mien, -ne, mine, of mine, my own.
miette,/., crumb, bit, morsel.
mieux, better ; le — , best ; de son
— , as well as one can.
mignon, -ne, w./., darling, dear.
milieu, tn., middle, midst ; au —
de, in the middle or midst of,
in mid- ...
mille, thousand.
millier, ///., thousand.
mince, slender, thin, small, little.
mine, /., mien, look(s), counte-
nance, air ; avoir bonne — , look
well.
minuit, m., midnight.
minute,/., minute, instant, minutieusement, minutely.
minutieu x, -se, minute, mirage, ///., mirage, illusion ; out-
line.
miroir, w., mirror.
mis, Set- mettre, misérable, misérable, wretched.
misère, /'., misery, poverty.
mobilier, w., furniture.
mode, m., mode, form.
VOCABULARY
mode,/., mode, manner, fashion.
modèle, m., model, pattern.
moderne, modem, modeste, modest.
modestie,/., modesty.
modifier, modify, change, moelle,/, marrow.
moellon, m., ashlar, shiver.
mœurs,///., manners, morals.
moi, me, to or for me, I ; .à — ,
help!
moi-même, myself.
moindre, less ; le — , least.
moins, less ; le — , least ; à — de, at or for less than ; au or du — , at least; de — , less, want-
ing ; n'en . . . pas moins, none
the less.
mois, m., month. moisson,/, harvest.
moissoneu-r, -se, w./, reaper.
moitié,/, half ; de — , by half mollesse,/, softness, weakness.
moment, m., moment, instant,
time ; dès ce — , at the présent
time.
momerie,/, mummery.
mon, ma, pi. mes, my, my own.
mondain, -e, worldly, social, monde, w., world, people, society.
monotone, monotonous.
monsieur, m., Mr., Sir, gentleman,
fellow.
monstrueu-x, -se, monstrous.
mont, m., mount, mountain.
montagne,/, mountain.
monter, mount, climb ; step, bring
up ; — à cheval, mount a horse,
ride horseback.
montoir, w., mounting ; horse-
block ; au — , mount.
montrer, show, let be seen, point
out ; se — , show one's self, ap-
pear.
moquer (se) de, mock, make fun
of, laugh at.
moquerie,/, mockery.
morale,/, morals, morality.
morbleu, zounds !
morceau, ;«., morsel, pièce ; bit,
loaf.
morne, gloomy, dejected., morne, m., hill, mountain.
mort,/, death.
mort, -e, dead, lifeless.
mortel, -le, mortal, lifeless, dead-
ly. [ly.
mortellement, mortally, grievousmortifiant, -e, mortifying, humil-
iating.
mortifier, mortify, vex.
mortuaire, mortuary, of the de-
ceased.
mot, m., word; answer ; pour
trancher le — , speak out.
motif, VI., motive, reason.
mou, mol, m. y molle, /., soft,
weak.
moucher (se), blow one's nose.
mouchoir, m., handkerchief.
mourir, die.
mourrai, see mourir, mousse,/, moss.
mouton, m., sheep.
mouvement, m., movement, impulse.
moyen, ni. (de, to), means, power.
moyen, -ne, mean, middle.
moyennant, by means of, for.
muet, -te, mute, dumb.
mufle, m., muzzle.
multiplier, multiply.
munir, provide, supply.
mur, VI., wall.
mûr, -e, mature, ripe, muraille,/, wall.
murer, wall, wall in or up.
murmure, w., murmur, mutter.
murmurer, mutter, whisper. musée, w., muséum, musique,/, music.
mystère, w., mystery.
mystérieu-x, -se, mysterious, mystic.
VOCABULARY
nacre, /"., mother of pearl.
nage, /'., swiniming ; à la — , (by)
swiinmiiig.
nager, swiiu, float ; row.
naguère, but lately, heretofore,
ago.
naiade, y., naiad (a mythological
female deity, supposed to préside over springs and rivers).
naissance,/., birth.
naitre, be boni, grow, spring ;
faire — , give rise to.
naïveté, /., artlessness, simplicity.
nappe,/., tal)le-cloth, sheet.
narine,/., nostril.
natation,/, swimming.
nationalité, /., nationality.
nature, /'., nature, character ; de
— à, of a nature to, calculated
to.
naturel, w., naturalness.
naturel, -le, natural.
naturellement, naturally, by nanaufrage, ;//., shipwreck. [ture.
naufragé, -e, shipwrecked.
naufragé, -e, m. /, shipwrecked
persou.
navrant, -e, heart-rending.
navrer, break, rend, ne (n'), not; — ... pas or point,
net, not at ail.
né, -e, f^p. ^/"naître, néanmoins, nevertheless.
néant, m., nothing, nothingness,
naught; mettre à — , set at
naught.
nécessaire, necessary, needed.
nécessairement, necebsaiily.
nécessité,/., necessity.
nef,/., navu.
néfaste, unlucky.
négati-f, -ve, négative, négligemment, negligently, care-
lessly.
négligence,/'., négligence, neglect.
négliger, neglect.
négocier, negotiate.
nègre, m., negro.
neige,/, snow.
nerveu-x, -se, nervous.
net, -te, clean, flatly.
nettement, clearly, distinctly,
frankly.
nettoyer, clear, clean. neuf, nine.
neu-f, -ve, new, raw, inexperi-
enced.
nez, w., nose, face; au — , in
one's face, ni, neither, nor, not even ; either,
or.
niais, -e, silly, foolish.
niche,/, niche, recess.
nier, deny.
niveau, w., level.
noblement, nobly.
noblesse,/., nobleness, nobility.
noce, /., wedding.
nocturne, nocturnal, nightly.
nœud, ;;/., knot.
noir, -e, black, dark.
noir, ;//., black.
noircir, blacken.
noisetier, w., hazel-tree.
nom, ///., name.
nomade, nomad, nomadic.
nombre, ;//., number.
nombreu-x, se, numerous.
nommer, name, call.
non, no, not ; — pas, no, not; —
plus, sc\- plus, nonchalamment, carelessly, in-
ditïertntly.
nonchalance,/, carelessness, un-
conccrn.
nonchalant, -e, careless.
nord, m., north.
notaire, /«., notary, attorney.
noter, note, mark, notion,/'., notion, idea.
notre, our, our own.
nôtre, ours; le or la — , les -s,
ours, our relatives ; des — s, of
our party.
nouer, knot, tie, form.
nourrice,/., nurse.
nourrir, nourish, feed ; cherish.
nouveau, nouvel, m., nouvelle,/.,
new, récent, fresh.
nouveau (de), anew, again.
nouvelle,/., news, intelligence, nouvellement, newly, recently.
novembre, m., November.
noyer, drown ; se — , be drowned,
drown.
nu, -e, naked, bare.
nu, w., naked or bare part, nuage, w., cloud, shadow.
nuance,/., shade, tint; degree.
nuancer, shade, vary ; se — , be
shaded, blend.
nui, see nuire, nuire à {or de), hurt, injure, nuit,/, night.
nullement, by no means, not at
ail.
nymphe,/, nymph.
obéir, obey ; — à, obey.
obéissance, /., obédience, com-
pliance.
obéissant, -e, obedient, dutiful.
objecter, object. objectif, w., object.
objet, m., object, subject, aim.
obligation,/, obligation, claim.
obligatoire, obligatory.
obligé, -e, obliged.
obligé, -e, /«./., obliger, obligeant, -e, obliging, kind.
obliger, oblige.
oblique, oblique, slanting.
obliquement, obliquely.
obscur, -e, obscure, dark.
obscurité,/, obscurity, darkness.
obséquieu-x, -se, obsequious.
observer, observe, notice, watch ;
maintain.
obstination,/, obstinacy.
obstiné, -e, obstinate, stubborn.
obstinément, obstinately.
obstiner, make obstinate ; s' — à,
be obstinate in, persist in.
obtenir, obtain.
obtenu, see obtenir, occasion,/, occasion, opportuni-
occidental, -e, occidental, western.
occuper, occupy ; s' — à, occupy oneself in, be engaged in; s' — de, be occupied with.
octobre, m., October.
octogénaire, m.f., octogenarian.
octogonal, -e, octagonal.
octroyer, grant, pay.
odeur,/, odor, perfume.
Odieu-x, -se, odious, hateful.
odoriférant, -e, odorif erous, sweetsmelling.
œil, //. yeux, m., eye ; coup d' — , glance ; sous les yeux, before one's eyes.
œuf, m., egg.
œuvre, m.f., work.
offenser, offend, hurt.
offert, see offrir.
office, m., office, service.
ofi&ciant, m., officiating clergyman.
officiel, -le, officiai,
officier, w., officer.
officieu-x, -se, obliging.
offrir, offer, propose ; s' — , ofîer One's self, offer.
Ogival, -e, arched.
oiseau, m., bird.
oisif, m., idler.
oisiveté,/, idleness.
ombrage, m., shade, shadow, suspicion.
ombrager, shade, shelter.
ombrageu-x, se, shy, distrustful.
VOCABULARY
ombre,/., shade, shadow.
omettre, omit.
on, ///. /., one, they, we, people, men.
oncle, w., uncle.
onctueu-x, -se, unctuous, oily.
onde,/"., wave, surge.
ondé, -e, undulated, wavy.
onduler, uiululate, wave ; faire — , undulate, shake.
Onduleu-x, -se, undulating, waving.
opération, f., opération, transaction.
opérer, operate, work, make.
opiniâtre, obstinate, stubborn.
opposé, -e, opposite.
opposer (de, with), oppress, depress.
opprobre, z«., opprobrium, shame.
or, now,
or, w., gold.
orage, m., storm, tempest.
orageu-x, -se, stormy.
oranger, ///., orange-tree.
orateur, m., orator, speaker.
orbite,/., orbit.
ordinaire, ordinary, usual, habituai.
ordinaire, w., ordinary ; ordinary fare, mess ; à 1' — , usual, as usual ; ordinarily.
ordinairement, ordinarily, usually.
ordonner, ordain, direct.
ordre, //;., order, command.
oreille,/, ear; prêter 1' -, listen.
oreiller, m., pillow.
organe, w., organ, voice, spokesniaii.
organisation,/., organization, nature.
organiser, organize, form.
orgueil, ///., pride.
oriental, -e, oriental, eastern.
orienter (s'), take one's bearings.
originaire, original, (a) native (of).
origine,/'., origin.
ornement, m., ornament.
ornementation,/'., ornamentation.
orner, adorn, decorate.
os, ///., bone.
oser, dare.
ôter à, take away from, deprive
of ; — de, remove from.
OU, or, either, or else.
oïl, where, whither, at or in or to
which ; when ; d' — , whence.
oubli, w., forgetfulness.
oublier, forget, neglect.
oui, yes, indeed.
ours, ///., bear.
outrage, w., outrage, insuit ; faire
— à, outrage.
outrageant, -e, outrageons, insult-
ing.
outrager, outrage, insuit, outre, beyond; en — , moreover,
besides ; en — de, in addition
to.
outre-monts (d'), tramontane,
(from) beyond the mountains.
outre-passer, go beyond, exceed.
ouvert, -e, open, frank.
ouverture,/., opening, aperture.
ouvrage, m., work.
ouvragé, -e, worked, wrought.
ouvrier, /«., workman. ouvrir, open, unlock ; s' — , be
opened, open, burst.
ovale, oval.
ovate, m., ovate.
pacifique, pacifie, peaceful.
paille,/., straw.
pailleter, spangle.
pain, w., bread, loaf.
paire,/., pair, couple, paisiblement, peacefuUy.
paix,/., peace, rest.
palais, w., palace, pâle, pale, wan, dim, tame.
palefrenier, ///.. groom.
VOCABULARY
paletot, m., coat.
pâleur,/., paleness.
palier, /«., landing-place.
pâlir, turn pale.
palissade,/., palisade, hedgerow.
palpiter, palpitate, beat.
pâmer (se), faint, swoon; be en-
raptured.
pâmoison, /., swoon, fainting fit.
panache, m., plume, tuft.
panier, m., basket.
panneau, w., panel.
panonceau, w., escutcheon. pansement, m., dressing.
papier, zw., paper.
paquet, m., parcel, package.
par, by, in, from, on account of,
out of.
parage, m., quarters.
paraître, appear, seem, make one's
appearance.
paralysie, /, paralysis, palsy. .
parbleu, why ! zounds !
parc, w., park.
parce que, because.
parchemin, w., parchment.
parcourir, travel over, go or run
over.
par-dessus, over, above, upon.
pardonner (à), pardon, forgive.
pareil, -le, like, similar ; such,
such a.
pareillement, likewise, also.
parement, w., facing, cuff.
parent, m.f., relative.
parent, -e, related.
parenthèse-, /, parenthesis ; par
— , by the way.
parer, adorn, decorate.
parfait, -e, perfect.
parfaitement, perfectly, exactly,
completely, quite.
parfois, sometimes.
parfum, w., perfume.
parfumer, perfume, sweeten.
parier, bet, wager.
parisien, -ne, Parisian.
parler, speak, mention.
parloir, m., parlor.
parmi, among.
parole,/., word, speech ; promise, engagement ; prendre la —, begin to speak ; rendre à sa — , release from one's word.
parquer, pen up, place.
parquet, m., (inlaid) floor.
parsemer, strew (de, with).
part,/., part, share, interest, side; à — , apart, except ; de son — , from him {or her) ; de la — de, from ; de — et d'autre, on both sides ; de toutes — s, on ail sides ; faire — de, inform or apprise of ; prendre — de, participate or share in.
partagé, -e, shared, reciprocal.
partager, share.
partenaire, w./., partner.
parterre, vi., flower-garden, garden.
parti, m., party, side, match, resolution ; prendre son — , make up one's mind, resign one's self; prendre — à, side with.
particularité, /., particular.
particuli-er, -ère, particular, peculiar, private.
particulièrement, particularly.
