menées, inirigues

3. Jacquerie, a i>easant rébellion headed by Guillaume Caillet, nick named Jacques Bonhomme, which ravaged France in 1357.

Page 82. — i. casser ... le nez = to butter up ; lit., "to swing the incense-box so vigorously before us as to break it against our noses."

Page 86. — i. le cochon c'est la paix, a parody of Napoléon III.'s famous déclaration : V empire c^est la paix.

Page 86. — i . la représentation municipale, i. e., that towns should be managed by councils elected by themselves. The original Commune of Paris was in fact a Revolutionary Committee which sprang from the riot of July 14, 1789 (when the Bastille was captured by the people) and substituted itself for the regular town council, hitherto made up of members of the city guilds, or trade-corporations. It opposed the Convention, claimed to assume the management of the aff airs of the nation, and kept up a permanent insurrection in the streets of Paris till it f ell with Robespierre, July 27, 1794. Since then, the advocates of separate local govemment and indeed of extrême revolutionary measures in gênerai, hâve adopted the name of Communists.

Page 87. — i. l'ancienne gauche. (See page 10, note 4), i. e., the members of the opposition under the Empire. For the facts referred to, see chap. Il, § i . La nouvelle {gauche) = the new opposition.

2. ne se firent pas faute, did notfail ; lit., "did not make a lack to themselves of . . ."

Page 88. — 'i. sur la place {de V Hôtel de Ville), the square outside.