chapitre, m., chapter

chaque, each, every.

char, m., car, cart, chariot,

wagon ; — à bancs, wagon-

ette.

charbon, m., coal; — de

terre, coal.

charge, /., load, burden,

mortgage ; être à — à

quelqu'un, to be a burden

upon any one.

Vocabulary

chargement, m., loading, load.

charger, to load, charge, intrust ; se — , to take charge.

chariot, m., wagon, cart, truck, hand-cart.

charmant, -e, charming, delightful.

charpentier, m., carpenter.

charretier, m., wagoner.

charrette,/., cart, wagon.

charron, m., wheelwright.

charrue,/., plow.

chasser, to chase, drive away.

chasseur, «., hunter.

châtaigne, /., chestnut.

château, m.y castle.

chaud, -e, warm, hot; il fait — , it is warm, hot.

chaudière, /., boiler, caldron.

chaudron, m., pail.

chauffer, to heat ; — à blanc, to heat to a white heat.

chaume, m., thatch.

chaumière,/., cottage.

chef, m., chief; — d'œuvre, masterpiece ; — -lieu, chief city (0/ a French departmeni).

chemin, m., road, way, path; — de fer, railroad; — faisant, on the way; — de traverse, cross road, short eut.

cheminée, /., fireplace, chimney, smokestack.

chemise, /., shirt.

chêne, m., oak tree.

chenet, m., andiron.

cher, chère, dear, expensive.

chercher, to search for, seek,

try ; aller — , to go for.

cheval, m., horse.

chevet, m., bedside.

cheveu, m., hair.

chèvre, /., goat.

chez, at or to the bouse, store

or workshop of ; — lui, at

or to his home.

chien, m., dog.

chimie, /., chemistry. Chine,/., China.

choisir, to choose, elect.

chômage, m., stoppage of

work.

chose, /., thing; autre — ,

something else ; grand' — ,

a great deal.

chou, m., cabbage.

chute,/., fall.

ci, hère.

cie, abbreviation for compagnie, /., Co.

ciel, m., sky, heaven.

cieux, pi. of ciel, cigale,/., grasshopper.

cime,/., summit, top.

cimetière, /., cemetery.

cinq, five.

cinquante, fifty.

cinquième, fifth.

circonstance,/., circumstance.

ciré, -e, waxed; toile — e, oil-

cloth.

cirque, m., circus, amphi-

theater.

Vocabulary

ciseaux, m. pi., scissors.

citadelle,/., citadel.

cité, /., city.

citer, to cite, quote, name.

citoyen, m., citizen.

citronnier, m., lernon tree.

civique, ci vie.

civilisé, -e, civilized.

clair, -e, clear.

clair, m., light.

claquer, to crack.

clarinette,/., clarinet.

clarté,/., light.

classe, /., class, school.

clef, /., key.

client, -e, customer.

clientèle,/., clients, customers.

climat, m. y climate.

clin d'œil, m., twinkling of an

eye.

cloche,/., bell.

clocher, w., steeple, clochette, /., bell, small bell.

cloison,/., partition.

clos, -e, shut, closed.

coalisé, -e, allied.

cocon, m., cocoon.

cœur, m., heart, rnind ; d'un

si grand — , so heartily.

coffre, m., chest.

coin, m. y corner. col, m., pass.

collégien, m., schoolboy.

colline,/., hill.

colonne, /., column, pillar.

colossal, -e, colossal, combat, m., battle, fight.

combattant, m., fighter.

combattre, to fight.

combien, how much, how

many, how.

comble, w., roof.

commander, to command.

comme, as, like, how, as well

as.

commencement, m., begin-

ning.

commencer, to commence,

begin.

comment, how, what !

commerçant, -e, commercial.

commerce, m., commerce,

trade; navire de — , mer-

chantman.

commission, /., errand.

commun, -e, common.

communal, -e, communal.

commune,/., commune, town-

ship, parish.

communiquer, to communi-

cate, be connected.

compagnie,/., company.

compagnon, m.} companion.

comparer, to compare.

compatir, to sympathize.

compatissant, -e, compassion a te.

compl-et, -ète, complète ; au

— , untouched, entire.

complètement, completely.

compléter, to complète.

compliqué, -e, complicated.

composer, to compose ; se — ,

to be composed.

Vocabulary

comprendre, to understand, include.

compris, past part, of comprendre.

comprit, past def. of comprendre.

compresse, /., compress.

compte, m., account ; à bon — , cheaply ; se rendre — , to realize, understand.

compter, to count, rely, expect, intend.

comptât, m., county.

compté, m., county.

concevoir, to conceive.

concitoyen, m., fellow-citizen.

concorde,/., concord.

condamner, to condemn.

condition, /., condition.

conducteur, m., driver.

conduire, to conduct, lead, take, tend, drive.

conduite, /., conduct, behavior.

confectionner, to make.

confiance, /., trust, confidence.

confiant, -e, confident.

confier, to confide, intrust.

confit, -e, preserved.

confondre, to confound; confuse; se — , to be blended.

connaissance, /., acquaintance; pi., information; faire — , to become acquainted.

connaître, to know, be ac-

quainted ; se — , to know

one another.

conquérir, to conquer.

consacrer, to dévote, consciencieu-x, -se, con-

scientious.

conscrit, m.} recruit.

conseil, m., council, counsel,

advice.

conseiller, to advise.

consentir, to consent, conserver, to préserve, keep.

considérable, considérable,

important.

considérer, to consider.

consister, to consist.

consternation, /., consternation.

consterner, to dismay.

constructeur, m., builder.

construction, /., construction.

construire, to construct, build.

consulter, to consult.

conte, m., taie.

contempler, to gaze upon,

look at.

contenir, to contain, hold.

content, glad, pleased, satisfied.

contentir, to satisfy; se — ,

to be satisfied.

continuellement, continually.

continuer, to continue, go on.

contour, m., contour, outline.

contourner, to turn around.

contraire, contrary; au — ,

on the contrary.

contre, against.

Vocabulary

contredire (se), to contradict oneself.

contrée, /., country, région.

contribuer, to contribute.

contribution, /., tax, contribution.

contusion, /., bruise.

contusionné, -e, bruised.

convalescence, /., convalescence.

convalescent, -e, convalescent.

convenir, to agrée.

convaincre, to convince.

convoi, m., convoy.

copeau, m., chip, shaving.

coq, m., cock, rooster.

coque,/., shell, hull.

corbeau, m., crow.

corbeille,/., basket.

cordage, m., rope.

corde, /., rope.

cordial, -e, hearty.

corne,/., horn.

corridor, m., corridor.

corriger, to correct.

côte,/., hill, coast.

côté, m., side ; à — de, by the side of ; de son — , for his or her part ; d'un — , on one side.

coteau, m., hill.

coton, m., cotton.

cou, m., neck.

couchant, -e, setting.

couché, -e, lying down.

coucher, to sleep, pass the

night, lodge; se — , to go to bed, retire, set; venait de se — , had just set.

coucher, m., bed.

coudre, to sew; machine à — , sewing machine.

coulée,/., flow, flowing.

couler, to flow, run, go down.

couleur, /., color.

coup, m,, blow, knock, shot ; — d'oeil, glance; tout à — , suddenly; à — sur, certainly; — de tonnerre, clap of thunder; d'un seul — , ail at once ; du premier — , at once.

coupable, guilty.

couper, to eut.

cour, /., yard.

courage, m., courage.

courageusement, bravely.

courageu-x, -se, courageous.

courant, m., current, stream ; le mettait au — , made him acquainted ; se mettre au — des prix, to get in touch with the prices.

courir, to run, hasten, go through.

couronne, /., crown, wreath.

couronner, to crown.

courroie, /., leather strap.

cours, m., stream, course.

cours, impv. of courir.

course, /., course, march; faire des — s, to go on errands.

Vocabulary

court, -e, short.

courtois, -e, courteous.

courut, past def. of courir, cousin, -e, cousin.

couteau, m., knife. coutellerie,/., cutlery.

coûter, to cost.

coûteux, -se, expensive.

coutume, /., custom ; plus que

de — , more than usual.

couvert, -e, past part, of

couvrir, couvert, m., shelter; se

mettre à — , to get under

shelter.

couverture,/., blanket.

couvrir, to cover; se — , to

be covered.

craignent, pres.ind. of craindre, craignirent, past def. of

craindre, craindre, to fear.

crainte, /.,^fear; de — que,

for fear that; — de, for

fear of.

crainti-f, -ve, timid, afraid.

craquement, m., cracking.

craquer, to crack.

créancier, m., creditor.

créatur, m., creator.

crèche,/., manager, créer, to create.

crénau, m., battlement.

crépitement, m., crackling crépuscule, m., twilight.

creuser, to hollow.

cri, m., cry.

crier, to cry.

crinière, /., mane.

cristallerie,/., glass works. crochet, m., hook.

croire, to believe, think.

crois, près. ind. of croire, croître, to grow, increase.

croix, /., cross.

croûte,/., crust, pièce, cru, -e, past part, of croire, cruche, /., pitcher.

cruel, -le, cruel, sad.

cruellement, cruelly.

cueillir, to gather, pick.

cuir, m., leather.

cuirasse,/., breastplate.

cuire, to cook, bake ; — à

point, to cook just right.

cuisine,/., kitchen.

cultivateur, m., f armer.

cultiver, to cultiva te.

culture, /., cultivation, crop.

curieu-x, -se, curious.

dame, /., lady.

danger, m., danger.

dangereu-x, -se, dangerous.

dans, in, into, at.

de, of, from, with, to, in, on, for, than, about, some.

débarquer, to land, disembark.

débat, m.> bargaining.

débattre, to discuss, settle.

debout, standing up; se tenir — , to stand up.

Vocabulary

débris, m., fragment, wreckage.

débrouiller, to arrange, settle.

déception, /., disappointment.

décharger, to unload.

décider, to décide, persuade ; se — , to make up one's mind, décide.

décision, /., décision, détermination.

déclarer, to déclare.

décoller, to separate from one another.

découpé, -e, eut out, indented.

découragé, -e, discouraged.

découragement, m., discouragement.

décourager (se), to be discouraged.

découverte,/., discovery.

découvrir, to discover, see.

décrocher, to take down.

dedans, in, inside, within; en — , inside.

dédommager, to compensate, make up.

déduire, to deduct.

défaut, m. y defect, fault; faire — , to fail.

défendre, to défend; se — , to défend oneself, refrain.

défense, /., défense, protection.

déferler, to corne rolling.

défiance,/., distrust.

défilé, m., narrow pass.

défrayer (se), to pay the expenses.

dégourdir (se), to remove the numbness from.

dehors, outside.

déjà, already.

déjeuner, to breakfast.

déjeuner, m., breakfast.

delà, beyond; par — , beyond ; au — de, beyond.

délabré, dilapidated.

délicat, -e, délicate.

délicatement, slowly, delicately.

délicatesse,/., gentleness.

délire, m., deliriousness.

délivrer, to deliver, free.

demain, to-morrow.

demande,/., request.

demander, to ask, beg, inquire for.

demander (se), to ask oneself, wonder.

demeure, /., dwelling house.

demeurer, to remain, live.

demi, -e, half.

démolir, to demolish.

denrée, /., merchandise, provisions.

dent, /., tooth; claquer des — s, to chatter with the teeth; grincer des — s, to chatter with the teeth.

dentelle,/., lace.

départ, m., departure, leaving.

département, *»., department.

dépasser, to overtop, surpass,

exceed.

dépense, /., expense.

dépenser, to spend.

déployer, to display, unfold;

se — , to stretch, extend.

déposer, to deposit, put ;

laisser — , to hâve de-

posited.

depuis, since, from, for; —

que, since, ever since.

députer, to send, to send as

deputy.

dérailler, to derail, jump the

track.

déranger, to disturb, trouble.

derni-er, -ère, last, latter.

dernièrement, lately.

derrière, behind, after; par

— , from behind.

dès, from, on, at, since, as

soon as.

désappointé, -e, disappointed.

désastre, m., disaster.

descendre, to descend.

descente, /., descent, decliv-

ity.

description, /., description.

désert, m., désert.

désert, -e, deserted.

désespéré, -e, desperate. déshabiller, to undress.

désigner, to designate, appoint.

désintéressé, -e, unselfish.

désir, m., désire, wish.

désirer, to désire, wish.

désolé, -e, distressed.

désoler : se — , to lament.

désordre, m., disorder, confusion.

désormais, henceforth.

dès que, as soon as.

desséchant, -e, drying, parch-

ing.

desséché, dried up.

dessert, m., dessert.

dessin, m., design, picture,

drawing, pattern.

dessinateur, m., draughts-

man.

dessiner, to draw, outline,

design.

dessus, over, above, on.

détacher, to detach, loosen.

détail, m., détail.

détour, détour, turn, évasion,

curve.

détresse,/., distress.

détruire, to destroy.

deuil, m., mourning, sorrow,

grief.

deux, two ; tous les — , both.

devancer, to outrun.

devant, m., front, front part.

devant, before, in front of,

straight ahead; par — , in

front.

devanture, /., show window.

développement, m., develop-

ment.

développer, to unfold, open ;

se — , to extend.

devenir, to become ; qu'-

Vocabulary

allez-vous — ? what will become of you?

devenu, past part, of devenir.

devient, près. ind. of devenir.

devint, past def. of devenir.

dévider, to wind into skeins.

dévid-eur, -euse, winder.

deviner, to guess, discover.

deviser, to talk.

devoir, m., duty, task.

devoir, must, ought, to owe, be to, be obliged, be due.

dévouement, m., sacrifice, dévotion.

diamant, m., diamond.

Dieu, m., God; — merci, thank God; mon — I heavens î my goodness !

différent, -e, différent.

difficile, dimcult, hard.

difficulté,/., difriculty.

digne, worthy.

digue, /., sea wall, dike.

diligenter (se), to make haste.

dimanche, m., Sunday.

diminuer, to diminish.

dîner, to dine.

dire, to say, tell; c'est-à ,

that is to say; vouloir — , to mean.

direction, /., direction.

diriger, to direct, lead ; se — , to direct oneself, go.

discuter, to discuss.

disparaître, to disappear.

disparu, past part, of disparaître.

dispos, well, active.

disputer (se), to quarrel, con-

tend for. dissiper, to scatter.

distance,/., distance, distinct, -e, distinct, distinctement, distinctly.

distinguer, to distinguish, see.

distraire, to amuse, divert.

divers, -e, différent, diverse.

diviser, to divide; se — , to

be divided.

division,/., division.

dix, ten.

dix-sept, seventeen.

dix-septième, seventeenth.

dizaine,/., about ten.

doigt, m., finger.

dois, doit, doivent, près. ind.

of devoir, domaine, m., estate, domain,

province.

dôme, m., dôme, domestique, m. or /., servant.

dominer, to overlook, rise

above.

dommage, m., damage; quel

— ! what a pity !

donc, then, therefore, now.

donner, to give.

dont, whose, of whom, of

which, with which.

doré, -e, golden, gilded.

dormir, to sleep.

dors, dort, près. ind. of dormir, dos, m., back dot,/., dowry.

double, m., double; tout en

— , ail bent over.

doucement, gently, softly,

mildly.

douceur, /., sweetness, mild-

ness, gentleness.

douleur,/., pain.

doute, m., doubt.

douter (se), to suspect.

dou-x, -ce, sweet, gentle,

mild, soft; bateau d'eau

douce, river or canal boat.

douze, twelve.

drap, m., cloth.

drapeau, m., flag; sous les

— x, in the army.

draperie, /., drapery, hang-

ings.

dresser, to raise, draw up

(papers) ; se — , to rise.

droit, -e, straight, right.

droit, directly, straight.

droite, /., right hand; à — ,

to the right.

droiture,/., honesty.

du, of the, from the.

dû, past part, of devoir, dut, durent, past def. of

devoir, dune, /., down, sand hill, a

shifting ridge of sand.

dur, -e, hard.

durant, during, for.

durée,/., duration.

durer, to last.

dureté,/., bardness.

duvet, m., down.

eau, /., water; — de vie,

brandy; à grande — , with

plenty of water.

écart (à F), aside, aparL échafaud, m., scarïold.

échange, m., exchange.

échanger, to exchange.

échantillon, m., sample.

échapper (s'), to escape.

échasse, /., stilt.

échelle,/., ladder.

écheveau, m., skein.

éclaboussure,/., spray, splash.

éclair, m., lightning.

éclaircir (s'), to clear up.

éclairer, to light (up).

éclat, m., brilliancy, bright-

ness, glory.

éclater, to break out.

éclipse, /., éclipse; à — , dis-

appearing.

écluse,/., dam, lock.

école, /., school.

écolier, m., schoolboy, pupil.

économie, /., economy; pl.y

savings.

économiser, to save, spare.

écosser, to shell.

écouler (s'), to pass, elapse. écouter, to listen.

écraser, to crush.

écrier (s'), to exclaim.

écrire, to write, prescribe.

écrit, m., writing.

écriture, /., writing.

Vocabulary

écrivez, impv. of écrire, écueil, m., reef.

écuelle, /., plate, bowl.

écumant, -e, foaming.

écume, /., foam.

écumeu-x, -se, foaming.

écurie,/., stable (for horses).

éducation, /., éducation.

effacer, to efface; s' — , to

fade away.

effaré, -e, frightened.

effaroucher, to scare away.

effet (en), in reality, in fact.

effondrer (s'), to crash down,

fall in.

effort, m., effort.

effrayant, -e, frightful.

effrayer, to frighten.

effroi, m., fright.

effusion, /., effusion, égal, -e, equal.

également, equally.

égaler, to equal, compare.

égarer (s'), to lose one's way.

église, /., church.

eh ! oh ! ah ! well ! — bien,

ver y well ; — mais, why !

élancer (s'), to rush, leap,

start quickly.

élargir (s'), to become wider. élément, m., élément.

éléphant, m., éléphant.

élève, m., pupil.

élevé, -e, high, lofty.

élever, to raise, lift, bring up.

elle, she, her, it; même,

herself. itself.

éloigné, distant.

éloigner (s'), to go away,

withdraw.

éloquemment, eloquently.

éloquence,/., éloquence.

élu, -e, elected.

émaillé, -e, enameled.

embarcation,/., boat.

embarquer, to put on board,

ship, embark; s' — , to

embark, sail.

embarras, m.y trouble, difïï-

culty.

embarrasser, to embarrass,

hinder.

embouchure, /., mouth (of a

river) .

embraser, to set on fire, kindle.

embrasser, to embrace, kiss.

émerveiller, to astonish,

amaze ; s' — , to be aston-

ished, marvel.

émigrer, to emigrate.

emmener (pronounce em nasal) , to take away.

émotion,/., émotion. émouvoir, to move, thrill.

emparer (s'), to take possession of, occupy.

empêcher, to prevent; s' — ,

to refrain, help, prevent.

empiler, to pile up.

emplir, to fill.

employer, to employ, use,

give employment.

emporter, to take or carry

away, carry.

Vocabulary

empourprer, to purple.

empressement, m., eagerness, kind attention.

empresser (s'), to hasten.

emprisonner, to imprison.

ému, -e, past part. of émouvoir.

en, in, into, within, at, on, while, by, as; — soie, of silk ; — bois, of wood.

en, of it, of them, for it, some.

enchaîner, to bind in chains.

enchanté, -e, delighted.

enclume, /., an vil.

encore, still, yet, again, more ; — un, another.

encourager, to encourage.

encrier, m., ink bottle.

endommager, to damage.

endormi, -e, drowsy.

endormir (s'), to fall asleep.

endroit, m., place, spot.

endurer, to endure, bear.

énergie, /., energy.

énergique, energetic.

enfance,/., childhood.

enfant, m. andf., child.

enfermer, to shut in, inclose.

enfin, fmally, at last.

enflammer, to excite.

enfler, to swell.

enflure,/., swelling.

enfoncer, to push in, drive in, bury, sink.

enfuir (s'), to flee, run away.

engagement, m., promise; pi., liabilities.

engager, to induce, engage.

englouti, -e, swallowed up,

lost.

engloutir, to swallow up, en-

gulf.

engouffrer (s'), to rush.

engourdir, to benumb.

enlever, to remove, take

away, carry away.

ennemi, m., enemy.

ennuyer (en nasal), to weary,

annoy, bother.

énorme, enormous.

enquérir (s'), to inquire.

enrouler, to roll up.

enseigne, /., sign.

enseignement, m., teaching.

enseigner, to teach.

ensemble, together.

ensemencer, to sow, cultivate.

ensoleillé, sunny.

ensuite, afterwards, then, be-

sides.

entamer, to begin to spend,

eut.

entasser, to pile up, crowd.

entendre, to hear, under-

stand; s' — , to agrée, get

along.

enthusiasme, m., enthusiasm.

enti-er, -ère, whole, en tire.

entièrement, wholly.

entorse,/., sprain.

entourer, to surround.

entr'aider (s'), to help one

another. entrain, m., spirits.

IÇO

Vocabulary

entraîner, to draw, lead away, carry away.

entre, between, among, in.

entrecoupé, -e, broken.

entrecroiser, to cross; s' — , to cross one another,

entrée,/., entrance, mouth.

entreprendre, to undertake.

entrepris, -e, flast part, of entreprendre.

entrer, to enter, corne into.

entr'ouvrir, to open partly.

envahir, to invade, take hold of.

envelopper, to envelop, surround, take in.

envers, toward, to.

envie,/., désire, wish.

environ, about.

environnant, -e, surrounding.

environner, to surround, envelop.

environs, m. pi., environs, vicinity; aux — , in the vicinity.

envoyé, m., envoy.

envoyer, to send, wrap, émit, blow.

épais, -se, thick, dense.

épaissir, to grow thick thicken.

épanouir, to brighten up; s' — , to light up.

épargner, to spare, save.

épaule, /., shoulder.

épave,/., wreckage.

époque,/., time, date.

épouvantable, frightful.

épouvanter, to frighten.

épou-x, -se, husband, wife.

épreuve, ordeal, test.

éprouver, to feel, expérience, meet with.

épuiser, to exhaust.

équilibre, m.> balance.

équipage, m., crew.

ériger, to erect, raise, promote.

erreur, m., error, mistake.

escalier, m., staircase.

escarpé, -e, steep.

esclavage, m., slavery.

escorter, to escort.

espace, m., space.

espagnol, Spanish.

Espagnol, m., Spaniard.

espèce,/., species, kind.

espérance,/., hope.

espérer, to hope.

espoir, m., hope.

esprit, m., spirit, mind, wit, talent.

essayer, to try.

essoufflé, -e, breathless.

est (st pronounced) m., east.

estime, /., esteem.

estimer, to esteem, regard, estimate, value.

et, and.

étable,/., stable.

établir, to establish; s' — , to settle, sit down.

établissement, m., establishment.

Vocabulary

étage, m., floor, story; premier — , second floor.

étalage, m., display, show

window, goods.

étaler, to display, spread out,

expose for sale.

étaler (s'), to be spread out,

be displayed.

étang, m., pond, lake.

étape,/., stopping place, stop.

état, m., state, condition,

country.

été, m., summer.

été, past part, of être, éteindre, to put out; s' — , to

be put out, be extinguished.

étendre, to spread, spread

out; s' — , to be spread out,

extend.

étendu, -e, lying.

étendue,/., area, expanse.

éternel, -le, eternal.

Etienne, Stephen.

étincelant, -e, sparkling.

étinceler, to sparkle, glitter. étincelle, /., spark.

étoffe, /., stufiF.

étoile, /., star.

étoile, -e, starry.

étonnement, m., astonish-

ment.

étonner, to astonish.

étouffer, to stifle.

étrange, strange, unusual.

étrang-er, -ère, stranger, for-

eigner.

étrangler, to strangle.

être, to be.

étreinte, /., grasp, pressing,

embrace.

étroit, -e, narrow.

étroitement, closely.

étude, /., study; faire ses

— s, to study.

étui, m., case.

eu, past- part, of avoir, eux, they, them, themselves.

évanouir (s'), to faint.

évaporer : s' — , to evaporate.

éveillé, -e, awake, intelligent,

alert.

éveiller, to awake, wake up;

s' — , to awake.

événement, i»., event.

évêque, m., bishop.

éviter, to avoid.

examen, m., inspection, ex-

amination.

examiner, to examine, excellence,/., excellence, excellent, -e, excellent.

exciter, to excite, urge.

exclamation, /., exclamation.

excuser, to excuse.

s'excuser, to apologize.

exécuter, to exécute, carry

out, enforce.

exécuti-f, -ve, executive.

exemple, m., example.

exhaler, to breathe.

exiger, to demand.

exister, to exist, live.

expansi-f, -ve, open-hearted,

talkative.

Vocabulary

expédier, to forward, dispatch.

expédition, /., expédition, expirer, to expire.

explication, /., explanation.

expliquer, to explain.

exploiter, to work.

exposer, to expose, describe.

expressi-f, -ve, expressive.

exprimer, to express.

exterminer, to exterminate.

extrait, m., certificate.

extrême, extrême, extrémité,/., extremity, end.

fable, /., fable.

fabricant, m., manufacturer.

fabrique,/., factory, mill.

fabriquer, to make, manufacture ; se — , to be made.

face, /., face ; en — , opposite, in the présence.

facile, easy.

facilement, easily.

façon, /., fashion, way; de — que, so that.

façonner, to shape, work.

faible, feeble, weak, faint.

faiblesse,/., weakness.

faïence, /., crockery.

faille, près. subj. of falloir.

faillir, to be on the point of.

faim, /., hunger; avoir — , to be hungry.

faire, to make, do, be, give, cause, order, say, let, play;

se — , to be made, become,

grow.

faisait, imperf.; faisant, près.

part.; faites, faisons, impv.

and près, ind.; fait, past

part, of faire, falloir, must, should, to be

necessary.

fallu, past part.; fallut, past

def. of falloir, fameu-x, -se, famous, big.

famille, /.,family.

famine,/., famine.

farine, /., flour.

fasse, près. subj. of faire, fatigant, -e, fatiguing, tire-

some.

fatigue, /., weariness.

faudra, fut. ind.; faut, près.

ind. of falloir, fauteuil, m., armchair.

faveur, /., favor.

favorable, favorable, favoriser, to favor.

fécond, -e, productive, féliciter, to congratulate.

femme,/, woman, wife.

fendu, -e, cleft, split.

fenêtre,/, window.

fer, m., iron; chemin de — ,

railroad.

fera, fut. of faire, fer-blanc, m., tin.

ferme, /, farmhouse, farm.

ferme, firm, steady, hard.

fermer, to shut, close, fermeté,/, nrmness.

Vocabulary

fermier, m., far mer.

fermière, /., farmer's wife.

féroce, fierce.

ferré (voie), railroad.

ferrure,/., iron work.

fertile, fertile.

fête,/., festival, holiday, treat,

grand doings.

feu, m., fire; pompe à — , fire

engine; sans — ni lieu,

without hearth or home.

feuillage,/., foliage.

feuille, /., leaf .

feuilleter, to turn over the

leaves, peruse.

fève, /., broad bean.

fidèle, faithful.

fier, fière, proud.

fièvre,/., fever.

*>?ure, /., face, drawing.

figurer (se), to imagine.

fil, m., thread.

filature, /., spinning mill.

filer, to spin.

fille,/., girl, daughter.

fillette,/., little girl.

fils, m., son.

fin,/., end.

fin, -e, fine.

finir, to finish; il finit par

s'endormir, he finally fell

asleep.

fit, past def. of faire, fixe, fixed, steady.

fixer, to fix, settle.

flamme,/., flame. flanc, m., flank, side.

fléau, m., plague.

fleur, m., flower.

fleuve, m., river (large),

flot, m., stream, wave.

flotte,/., fleet.

flotter, to float, wave.

foin, m., hay.

foire, /., fair.

fois, /., time; une — , once;

à la — , at the same time.

foncé, -e, dark, deep.

fonction,/., duty.

fond, m., bottom, back part, fondement, m., foundation.

fonder, to found.

fonderie,/., foundry.

fondre, to melt, cast.

fonds, m., funds, money.

fontaine,/., fountain.

fonte, /., cast iron; — en

fusion, molten iron.

force, /., force, strength; de

toutes ses — s, with ail his

might.

forcer, to compel.

forestier, m., fores ter.

forêt,/., forest.

forge,/., forge.

forger, to forge.

forgeron, m., blacksmith. former, to form.

fort, -e, strong.

fortement, much, very much.

forteresse, /., fortress.

fortifier, to fortify.

fortune,/., fortune.

fossé, m., ditch.

Vocabulaiy

fou, fol, folle, foolish, crazy;

les herbes folles, weeds.

fouet, m., whip ; coup de — ,

lash of the whip.

fouetter, to whip, lash.

foulage, m., crushing, tram-

pling.

foule,/., crowd.

fouler, to trample, crush.

fouloir, m., press.

four, m., oven, furnace.

fournaise, /., furnace.

fourneau (haut), m., blast

furnace.

fournir, to furnish, give.

fourrage, m., fodder.

fourreau, m., case, covering.

foyer, m., hearth, fireplace,

home.

fracture, /., fracture, fragile, fragile, weak.

fraîcheur,/., chill, cold.

frais, m. pl.9 expenses.

franc (c silent), m., franc

(about 20 cents).

français, -e, French.

France, /., France, franchir, to pass, go througn,

travel.

frapper, to strike, knock, tap,

clap ; — de, to levy.

frêle, frail.

fréquent, -e, fréquent.

frère, m., brother.

frit, -e, fried.

friture, /., dish of fried fish.

froid, -e, cold.

froid, m., cold.

fromage, m., cheese.

front, m., forehead, face.

frontière, /., frontier, bound-

ary.

frotter, to rub.

fructifier, to fructify.

fruit, m., fruit, resulc.

fuir, to flee.

fuite,/., Aigrit.

fumée,/., smoke.

fumer, to smoke, steam.

furent, past def. of être, fusil, m., rifle.

fusion, /., melting; fonte en

— , molten iron.

fut, past def. of être, futur, -e, future.

gagner, to gain, win, reach,

earn.

gai, -e, cheerful. gaîment, cheerfully.

gaîté,/., cheerfulness.

galerie,/., gallery.

gant, m., glove.

garantir, to protect, shelter.

garçon, ni., boy.

garde,/., guard, care.

garde, m., guard; — forestier,

forester.

garder, to keep, maintain,

préserve.

gare, /., railroad station.

garnir, to provide, garnish,

Vocabulary

gauche, left ; à — , to the left.

gaz, m., gas; bec de — , gas

jet.

gazon, m., grass, turf.

gazouiller, to chirp.

geler, to freeze.

gendarme, m., policeman.

gêné, -e, uncomfortable.

général, m., gênerai.

généralement, generally.

généreusement, generously.

génie, m., genius.

genou, m., knee.

genre, m., kind, sort.

gens, m., /., people ; jeunes

— , young men.

gentil, -le, gentle, noble,

pretty, graceful.

gentiment, gentiy. géographie,/., geography geste, m., gesture.

gesticuler, to gesticulate.

gibier, m., game.

gigantesque, gigantic.

gilet, m., waistcoat, vest.

givre, w., white frost.

glace, /., ice, mirror, plate

glass.

glacé, -e, frozen.

glacier, m., glacier.

glisser, to slip, glide.

globe, w., globe, bail, gloire,/., glory.

golfe, m., gulf, bay.

gouffre, m., whirlpool, eddy.

goulot, m., neck of a bottle.

gourmandise, /., greediness.

goût, m.y taste, inclination,

liking.

goûter, to taste.

goutte,/., drop, gouvernail, m., rudder, helm.

grâce,/., grâce, favor, mercy;

faire — , to hâve mercy,

pardon; demander — , to

demand rest.

grade, m., grade, rank.

grand, -e, great, tall, big,

elder, wide.

grandir, to grow, grow up.

granit, m., granité.

grappe, /., cluster, bunch.

gras, -se, fat, fertile.

grave, serious, grave.

gravir, to climb up.

gré, m., will; bon — mal — ,

willing or unwilling ; à

votre — , to your taste.

grelot, m., small bell.

grenadier, m., pomegranate

tree.

grenier, m., garret.

grille, /., grille, grating,

wrought-iron gâte, grillé, -e, grated.

grincer, to grind.

gris, -e, gray.

grondement, m., rumbling,

roaring.

gronder, to rumble, roar.

gros, -se, large, big, heavy.

grosseur, /., size.

grossir, to grow larger.

groupe, m., group, cluster.

Vocabulary

Gruyère (fromage de), Swiss

cheese.

gué, m.9 ford.

guère (ne . . . — ), hardly,

scarcely.

guérir, to heal, cure, recover,

get well.

guérison, /., recovery.

guerre, /., war.

gueule, /., mouth, muzzle.

guide, m. 9 guide. guider, to guide.

guise, /., way, manner; en

— de, instead of.

' indicates aspirate h

habile, able, clever.

habiller, to dress.

habiller (s'), to dress, dress oneself.

habit, m., clothing, coat; — s de travail, working clothes.

habitant, -e, inhabitant.

habitation, /., dwelling, habitation.

habiter, to inhabit, live.

habitude, /., habit, custom.

habituer, to accustom.

habituel, -le, customary, usual.

'haie, /., hedge.

'haine, /., hatred.

'haïr, to hâte.

haleine, /., breath.

'haletant, -e, panting.

'hameau, m.f hamlet.

'hangar, w., shed.

'hardiment, boldly. .

'haricot, m., bean.

'hasard, m., chance, hazard, au — , at random.

'hâte, /., haste; à la — , hastily; avoir — , to be in haste.

'hâter (se), to hasten, hurry.

'haut, m., top, summit.

'haut, -e, high, lofty; tout — , aloud.

'hauteur, /., height, altitude.

hélas f ^las !

herbe, /., grass, herb; — s folles, weeds.

héritage, m., inheritance.

hériter, to inherit.

hésitant, -e, undecided.

hésiter, to hesitate.

'hêtre, m., beech tree.

heure, /., hour, hour's distance, time; de bonne — , early ; à la bonne — , that's right; tout à V — , a moment ago, just now.

heureusement, fortunately.

heureu-x, -se, happy, fortunate.

'heurter, to knock, strike, hit against.

hier, yesterday.

histoire, /., history.

'hisser, to raise, lift.

hiver, m., winter.

homme, m., man, fellow.

honnête, honest.

Vocabulary

honnêtement, honestly.

honneur, m., honor.

'honte,/., shame.

'honteu-x, -se, ashamed,

shameful.

hôpital, m., hospital.

horizon, m., horizon.

horlogerie, /., clock-making,

watch-making.

horreur,/., horror.

'hors de,/., out, outside.

hospice, m., orphan asylum.

hospitalité, /., hospitality.

hôte, m., host.

hôtel, m., hôtel, mansion.

hôtellerie,/., inn.

hôtesse,/., hostess. 'hotte,/., basket.

'houblon, m., hops.

'houille, /., coal.

huile, /., oil, vege table oil.

'huit, eight.

huître, /., oyster.

humanité, /., humanity.

humide, humid, damp.

humidité, /., humidity, damp-

ness.

ici, hère; — même, in this very place ; d' — là, from now until then; par — , this way.

idée,/., idea.

ignorant, -e, ignorant.

il, he, it, there.

île, /., island.

illuminer, to illuminate.

image, /., picture.

imagerie, /., picture factory.

imaginer (s'), to imagine.

imiter, to imitate.

immense, immense.

immobile, motionless.

impatience, impatience.

impatient, -e, impatient.

important, -e, important.

importer, to matter; n'importe, no matter.

imposer (s'), to impose upon oneself.

impossible, impossible.

imprenable, impregnable.

imprévu, -e, unexpected.

imprimer, to print, set ; — du mouvement, to set in rrotion; s' — , to become impressed.

imprimerie,/., printing.

improviste (à 1'), suddenly.

inanimé, -e, lifeless.

incendie, m., fire.

incessant, -e, incessant.

inconnu, -e, unknown.

incorruptible, incorruptible.

incrédule, incredulous.

inculte, uncultivated.

Inde,/., India.

indescriptible, indescr'bable.

indicible, inexpressible.

indifférent, -e, indiffèrent.

indiquer, to indicate, show.

industrie,/., industry.

industriel, -le, manufacturing.

Vocabulary

industrieu-x, -se, industrious.

infect, -e, foui.

informer, to inform; s' — , to inquire.

infortuné, -e, unfortunate.

ingénieur, m., engineer.

ingrat, -e, ungrateful.

inhumer, to bury.

innombrable, innumerable.

inoccupé, -e, unoccupied.

inondation, /., flood.

inqui-et, -ète, anxious.

inquiéter, to make uneasy; s' — , to be uneasy, be anxious.

inscription, /., inscription.

insensible, unmoved, insensible.

inspirer, to inspire.

installer, to install, put ; s' — , to install oneself, settle.

instant, m., instant, moment.

instituteur, m.,, schoolmaster.

instruction, /., éducation, instruction.

instruire, to instruct, educate; s' — , to become educated, learn.

instrument, m., instrument.

insu (à F), unknown to.

intègre, upright.

intégrité, /., integrity.

intelligence,/., intelligence.

intelligent, intelligent.

interdit, -e, abashed, confused.

intéressant, -e, interesting.

intéressé, -enclose.

intéresser, to interest; s' — , to take an interest in.

intérêt, m., interest.

intérieur, m., interior, inside ; à F — , inside.

intérieurement, inwardly, in one's heart.

intermédiaire, m., médium; par F — , through the médium.

interminable, endless.

interroger, to question.

interrompre, to interrupt ; s' — , to stop.

interruption, /., interruption.

intrépidité, /., intrepidity.

introduire, to introduce.

inventaire, m., inventory.

inventer, to invent.

inventeur, m., inventor.

invention,/., invention.

invincible, invincible.

ira, fut. irid. of aller.

irréparable, irréparable.

irritation,/., irritation, inflammation.

irriter, to irritate, anger.

isolé, -e, isolated, lonely.

Italie, /., Italy.

ivresse, /., intoxication, joy.

jadis, formerly.

jaillir, to gush out, flash,

shoot, spout out.

jalon, m. y stake, mark.

Vocabulary

jamais, ever, never; ne . . .

— , never.

jambe, /., leg; à toutes

— s, as fast as possible ;

retrouver ses — s, to be

able to walk again.

janvier, m., January.

jardin, m., garden.

jardinier, m., gardener.

jet d'eau, m., fountain.

jeter, to cast, throw, throw

down ; se — , to throw

oneself, empty (of rivers).

jeu, m., game, play.

jeune, young.

jeunesse, /., youth, young

people.

joie,/., joy.

joignant, près. part, of joindre, joindre, to join, add, clasp.

joint, -e, past part, of joindre, joli, -e, pretty.

joliment, nicely, well, hard.

jonc, m., rééd.

joue, /., cheek.

jouer, to play, work.

joug, m., yoke.

jouir to enjoy.

jour, m., day, daylight; en

plein — , in broad daylight ;

donner le — , to give birth ;

tous les — s, every day.

journée,/., day.

joyeusement, joyously.

joyeu-x, -se, joyful, cheerful.

juger, to judge.

jument, /., mare.

jurassien, -ne, from the Jura

Mountains.

jurer, to swear.

jusque, to, up to, until, clear

to, even to; — dans, as

far as; jusqu'à, as far as,

as many as; — là, so far;

jusqu'en, even in; jusqu'à

ce que, until.

juste, just, correct, right, ex-

actly; tout — , exactly,

just.

justement, exactly.

justice, /., justice.

K kilogramme, m.f kilogram

(about two pounds), kilomètre, m., kilometer (about three fifths of a mile).

la, the, her, it.

là, there; bas, over there;

par — ;, in that direction ;

de — , that way.

laborieusement, laboriously.

laborieu-x, -se, industrious.

laboureur, m., farm hand,

plowman.

lac, m., lake.

lâchement, cowardly.

laid, -e, ugly.

lainage, m., woolen stufï.

laine,/., wool.

laisser, to leave, let, give; I se — , to let oneself.

Vocabulary

lait, m.j milk.

laiterie,/., dairy room.

lame, /., sheet of iron, wave.

lampe, /., lamp, light.

lancer, to dart, shoot; se — , to spring, dart.

langue, /., tongue, language.

lanterne, /., lantern.

lard, m., bacon.

large, m., breath ; au — , in the open sea.

largement, widely, broadly.

larme,/., tear.

las, -se, tired.

lasser (se), to tire, get tired.

laurier, m., laurel.

lave, /., lava.

laver, to walk ; se — , to wash oneself.

le, the, him, it.

leçon, /., lesson.

lect-eur, -rice, reader.

lecture,/., reading.

lég-er, -ère, light, weak.

légèrement, lightly.

légume, m., vegetable.

légumineu-x, -se, leguminous.

lendemain, m., next day.

lent, -e, slow.

lentement, slowly.

lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles, which, whom.

les, the, them.

lestement, lightly, quickly.

lettre,/., letter.

leur, them, to them.

leur, their; le — , theirs.

levant, m., rising.

lever, to lift, raise; se — , to

rise.

lèvre,/., lip.

liasse,/., bundle, roll.

liberté,/., liberty.

lier, to tie.

lieu, m., place, spot ; au — de,

instead of; avoir — , to

take place ; sans feu ni — ,

without house or home.

lieue, /., league.

ligne, /., line; — de partage,

dividing line.

lilas, m., lilac.

lime, /., file, limer, to file.

limite, /., limit, bound.

limon, m., mud, silt.

limpide, clear.

lin, m., flax.

linge, m., linen.

lire, to read. lit, m., bed; se mettre au — ,

to go to bed.

liter, m., liter (a Utile less than

a quart).