le procès-verbal, the written reporU
Page 124. — 1. ne se possédait pas d'aise, was beside himself withjoy.
Page 12 7. — 1. de tirer au sort, to draw lots.
Page 128. — 1. il n'y eut . . . si vaillant homme, there was
no matij however brave.
2. ils sont très gênés, they are in very narrow circum stances.
Page 131. — 1. il faillit se trouver mal, he ahnost fainted qway ; faillit, " just missed."
Page 133. — 1. halles centrales, Central Market.
Page 134. — 1. mottes de beurre, rolls of butter weighing each thirty pounds or more.
2. Gargantua, the principal character in one of Rabelais's books has become synonymous with heavy eater.
3. Alger, the capital of the French colony Algeria is situated on the south coast of the Mediterranean.
Page 130. — 1. le quartier des Ecoles is that part of Paris where are found the "University," " Polytechnic School," "School of Medicine," "Law School," etc. It is often called "Latin Quarter."
Page 137. — 1. la Sorbonne, at présent the seat of the University of Paris but at first a theological school, was founded by Robert de Sorbon in 1250.
2. Collège de France. This institution was founded by Francis I about 1530. Practically ail literatures, languages and sciences are taught hère by the most famous professors of France. Ail courses and lectures are free.
3. les cinq Académies, i.e. the "French Academy" (1635), the "Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres" (1701), the "Academy of Moral and Political Science" (1795), the "Academy of Fine Arts" (18 19) and the "Academy of Science" (1666).
Page 140. — 1. le soleil donnait en plein, the sun was shining
directly on them- (the green-houses).
Page 143. — 1. il tourna en ridicule, he ridiculed. 2. Jussieu, a famous French botanist, was born in 1699 and died in 1777. See pages 76-77,
Page 145. — I. mais Oui, yes, indeed.
2. comme tout (cf. colloquial English, " like everything "), very mue h indeed.
3. des charges trop dures, too heavy encumbrances (mortgage).
Page 146. — i. à propos, at the right tinte, opportunely.
Page 147. — i. voici ... ce dont il s'agit, this is . . . what
the trouble is about.
Page 148. — i. une fois délivrée de cette charge, once free front that encumbrance.
Page 149. — i. espalier. A fruit tree trained on a wall. 2. Quand il y a chômage, When there is no zvork to do.
Page 150. — 1. en s'appuyant Pun sur l'autre, helping one another.
VOCABULARY
à, at, by, to, from, in, of.
abaisser (s*), to be lowered.
abandonner, to abandon, give
up, forsake.
abattre (s'), to fall.
abattu -e, cast down, dejected.
abondance, /., abundance.
abondant -e, abundant.
abonder, to be abundant, abound
with.
abord (d'), at first.
aboutir, to corne to, end.
abreuvoir, m.9 horsepond, water-
ing-place.
abri, m., shelter.
abricot, m., apricot.
abriter (s'), to take shelter.
absenter (s'), to go away, be
absent.
absolument, positively, abso-
lutely, completely.
académie,/., Academy.
accabler, to overwhelm, crush.
accent, m.9 accent, expression.
accepter, to accept.
accès, m., attack.
accident, m., accident.
accompagner, to accompany.
accomplir, to accomplish, do,
make.
accord, m.9 agreement; se mettre d' — , to agrée.
accorder, to grant.
accourir, to run, run forth.
accoutumer, to accustom.
accrocher (s>), to hang on.
accroître (s'), to grow.
accroupi -e, cowering, crouching, stooping.
accueil, m.9 réception, welcome.
accueillir, to receive, welcome.
accuser, to accuse.
achat, m.9 purchase.
acheminer (s'), to set out, start.
acheter, to buy.
acheter (s*), to buy for oneself.
acheteu-r -se, buyer.
acheyer, to achieve, finish, complète.
acier, m.9 steel.
acquérir, to acquire.
acquitter, to clear, pay off.
acti-f -ve, active.
action,/., act, action.
activité,/., activity.
adieu, m.9 farewell
admirable, admirable.
admiration,/, admiration.
admirer, to admire.
adolescent, m.9 lad.
adonner (s*), to dévote oneself.
adopter, to adopt.
adoucir, to soften.
adresse, /., address, skill, dexterity.
adresser (s'), to address.
adulte, ;«./., adult.
adversaire, m.f.9 adversary, opponent.
affaire,/, affair; — s, business; si les — s marchent bien, if business is good; faire ses
VOCABULARY
— s, to attend to one's business; faire V — , to suit,
please; se tirer d' — , to get
out of trouble.
affairé -e, busy.
affaisser (s*), to tumble down,
sink.
affection,/., affection, love.
affectueu-x -se, affectionate.
affluent, m., tributary stream.
affreu-x -se, awful.
afin, so that; — que, de, so
that, in order to.
Afrique, /., Africa. âge, m., âge.
âgé -e, old, aged.
agenouiller (s'), to kneel down.
agile, ninïble.
agir (s7), to be the question,
the matter.
agitation,/., agitation.
agiter, to move, disturb, agi-
tate, wave, agiter (s*), to move, move
around.
agonisant -e, dying person.
agrandir, to increase, enlarge.
agrandir. (s'), to grow, increase.
agriculture,/, agriculture.
aide, m., assistant, helper.
aide,/., aid, help; venir en — ,
to help.
aider, to help, aid.
aider (s*), to help oneself, help
one another.
aigle, m., eagle.
aigu-ë, shrill, sharp.
aiguille, /., hand (of clocks),
needle.
aile,/, wing.
ailleurs, elsewhere; d' — , be-
sides, moreover.
aimable, amiable.
aimer, to love, like.
aimer (s'), to love one another.
aîné -e, eldest, elder. [as.
ainsi, so, thus ; — que, as well air, m., air, appearance.
aise, /, gladness ; mal à V — ,
uncomfortable.
aise, glad.
aisé -e, easy.
ajouter, to add.
ajuster, to adjust.
alarme,/, alarm.
alarmer, to alarm.
Algérie,/., Algeria.
alimenter, to supply.
allée,/, walk (of gardens).
alléger, to lighten, relieve, un-
load.
allègrement, joyously, merrily.
Allemagne,/, Germany.
allemand -e, German.
aller, to go, advance.
aller (s'en), to go away.
allez ! indeed ! Also see aller, allons, well, see also aller, allumer, to kindle, light.
allumer (s'), to be lighted,
kindle.
alors, then ; — que, when.
alouette,/, skylark.
Alpes,/ plur., Alps.
Alsace,/, Alsace.
Alsacien -ne, Alsatian.
alti-er -ère, haughty.
altitude,/, altitude.
amasser, to gather, collect, pile
up* âme,/, soûl.
amener, to bring.
Amérique,/, America.
ami -e, friend.
amicalement, kindly, amicably.
amidon, m., starch.
amitié,/, friendship.
amour, m., love.
amuser, to amuse.
amuser (s'), to amuse oneself.
an, m., year; tous les — s, every
year; par — , annually, every
year.
ancêtres, m. plur., ancestors.
ancien -ne, former, old.
André, m.} Andrew,
VOCABULARY
Anglais -e, English.
Angleterre,/., England.
angoisse,/., anxiety, anguish.
animal, m., animal.
animation,/., animation.
animé -e, animated, busy (of
towns).
anneau, m., ring.
année,/., year; cette — ci, this
year.
annoncer, to announce.
antique, old, antique.
anxiété,/, anxiety.
apercevoir, to perceive, see, dis-
cover.
apercevoir (s'), to notice, see. aplatir, to flatten.
aplomb (d'), perpendicularly.
appareil, /;/., apparatus.
apparence,/, appearance.
appartenir, to belong.
appeler, to call.
appeler (s'), to be called.
appesantir, to make heavy.
appesantir (s'), to grow heavy.
appétit, m., appetite.
appliquer, to apply.
appliquer (s'), to apply oneself.
apporter, to bring.
apprendre, to learn, hear, teach,
tell. [ship.
apprentissage, m., apprenticeapprêter, to prépare.
approche, /., approach ; les — s,
surroundings, way to.
approcher, to approach, corne
near. [near.
approcher (s*), to approach, go approuver, to approve.
approvisionner, to supply.
appuyer, to lean.
appuyer (s>), to lean upon, rest.
après, after, afterwards.
après-demain, the day after to-
morrow.
après-midi, m./., afternoon.
aqueduc, m., aqueduct.
arabe, Arabie, Arabian.
arbre, m., tree.
arc-bouter (s'), to prop, support
oneself. architecte, ?;/., architect.
ardeur,/, ardor, energy.
ardoise,/., slate.
arène,/., arena.
argent, m., silver, money.
armateur, m., ship-owner and
fitter.
arme,/, arm, weapon.
armée,/, army.
armoire,/, closet.
armure,/, armor.
aromatique, spicy, aromatical.
arracher, to pull out, extract, arranger, to arrange.
arrêt, m., décision, sentence, arrêter, to stop, arrest.
arrêter (s*), to stop.
arrière (en), back.
arrivée,/., arrivai.
arriver, to arrive, corne, happen,
occur, reach.
arrondi -e, round, rounded.
arroser, to water.
art, m., art.
artichaut, m., artichoke.
artificiel -le, artificial.
aspect, m., aspect, look.
assembler, to put together.
asseoir, to seat.
asseoir (s'), to sit down.
assez, enough, pretty. [tion.
assiduité,/, assiduity, applicaassiéger, to besiege.
assiette,/, plate, assis -e, seated.
assister, to be présent at.
association,/, association, part-
nership.
associé -e, partner.
associer (s'), to form a partner-
ship, company.
assombrir (s'), to grow dark.
assortiment, m., assortment.
assourdir, to deafen. [ise.
assurance, /., assurance, prom-
VOCABULARY
assurer, to assure, insure.
assurer (s'), to make sure.
astronomie,/., astronomy.
atelier, ;//., shop, studio.
âtre, m. y hearth.
attacher, to fasten, attach, tie, bind, moor.
attaquer, to attack.
attarder (s'), to pass (of time), be belated.
atteindre, to reach, bring out.
atteint -e, struck, attacked.
atteler, to harness, hitch up.
attendant (en), meanwhile, in the meantime.
attendre, to expect, wait for, wait, await ; faire — , to keep waiting. [lent.
attendrir (s*), to be moved, re-
attenti-f -ve, attentive.
attention,/., attention.
attestation,/., attestation.
attester, to attest, certify.
attirer, to draw.
attitude,/, attitude.
attraper, to catch.
attrister, to sadden.
attrister (s*), to be sad, sorrow.
au, to trie, at the, in the, on the.
auberge,/, inn.
aucun -e, not any, none, no.
audace,/, audacity.
au-delà, beyond.
au-dessous, below.
au-dessus, above, over. [ment.
augmenter, to increase, aug-
aujourd'hui, to-day, at the présent time.
auparavant, before.
auprès, near, with, of.
aurore,/, dawn.
aussi, also, therefore, either; — ... que, as . . . as.
aussitôt, at once, immediately.
autant, as many, as much; — . . . que, as many ... as; d* — plus, so much more so.
automne, m., fall, autumn.
autorité,/, authority.
autour, around.
autre, other.
autrefois, of old, former times, formerly.
autrement, otherwise, in an other manner.
autrichien -ne, Austrian.
autruche,/, ostrich.
autrui, m., others, other people.
aux, to the.
avalanche,/, avalanche.
avance, /., advance; par — , d' — , in advance, beforehand; à V — , in advance, beforehand.
avancé -e, forward, advanced.
avancer, to advance, go on, progress.
avancer (s'), to advance, go, corne forward.
avant, before; — même, even before ; en — , forward, ahead.
avantage, m<, advantage; reprendre V — , to get again the better of the fight.
avantageu-x -se, advantageous, profitable.
avec, with, besides.
avenant -e, pleasant.
avenir, m., future.
avertir, to warn, inform.
aveuglant -e, blinding.
aveugle, blind.
avis, m., advice, counsel, opinion ; être d' — , to think.
aviser, to see.
avocat, 771. y lawyer.
avoir, to hâve.
ayant, see avoir.
bagage, m., baggage.
bague,/, ring, baigner, to bathe.
baie,/., bay.
VOCABULARY
bailler, to yawn. [bath.
bain, ;/*., bath; — de mer, sea
baïonnette,/., bayonet.
baiser, to kiss.
baisser, to lower, go down, f ail.
balancement, m., rocking.
balle,/., bullet.
balustrade,/., balustrade.
banc, m., bench; chair à — s, wagonette.
bancal -e, bandy-legged.
bande,/, band, strip.
bander, to bind up.
banque, /., bank, bankinghouse.
banquier, m., banker.
barbare, barbarous.
barbarie, /., barbarity, savageness.
barbe,/, beard.
barbu -e, bearded.
baromètre, m., barometer.
baron, m., baron.
barre,/, bar; partie de — , a game of prisoner's base.
barreau, m., round (of ladders), bar.
barrique,/, barrel.
bas, m., stocking, bottom.
bas, down, low; tout en — , at the bottom ; tout — , in a low voice.
bas -se, low.
basse-cour,/, poultry-yard.
bassin, m., basin.
bastion, m., bastion.
bataille, /., battle ; champ de — , battlefield.
bataillon, m., battalion.
bateau, m., boat; — à vapeur, steamboat.
bâtiment, m., vessel, ship, building; — de pêche, fishing vessel.
bâtir, to build.
bâton, m., stick, walking-stick.
battement, m., beating (of the heart).
battre, to beat, hammer down;
— des mains, to clap one's
hands.
battre (se), to fight.
béant -e, gaping, wide open.
beau, bel -le, beautiful, fine,
nice; avoir — , to be of 110
avail.
beaucoup, many, much.
bec, m., jet (of gas) ; — de gaz,
gas lamp, gas jet.
bénéfice, /;?., profit.
bénir, to bless.
berceau, m., cradle.
bercer, to rock, besogne,/, work.
besoin, m., need; au — , in case
of need.
bestiaux, plur. of bétail, bétail, m., cattle.
bête,/., animal, beast.
betterave,/, sugar beet.
beurre, m., butter, bibliothèque,/, library.
biche,/, female deer, hind.
bien, m., benefit, good, estate,
land.
bien, well, very, many; OU — ,
or else; si — que, so that;
eh —, very well.
bientôt, soon.
bière,/, béer.
bijou, m., jewel.
billet, m., note; un mot de — ,
a short note. blanc -he, white.
blanchir, to become white,
whiten.
blé, m, y wheat.
blessé -e, wounded person.
blesser, to wound.
blessure,/, wound.
bleu -e, blue.
bloc, ;/?., block.
blond -e, light, blond, blottir (se), to cower, crouch,
squat.
blouse,/, jacket, coat, blouse.
VOCABULARY
bobine,/., bobbin, spool.
bœuf, m., ox.
boire, to drink.
bois, m., wood.
boisé -e, wooded.
boîte,/., can, box.
boîtier, ;/z., case (of watches).
bon -ne, good, kind, full.
bond, m., bound, leap; faire un
— , to leap.
bondir, to skip, bound.
bonheur, ;//., happiness, good
fortune, good luck; par — ,
happily.
bonjour, m., good morning,
good day.
bord, m., border, shore; board,
bank; à — , on board of ship.
Bordeaux, ;;/., Bordeaux.
border, to edge, border, line.
borner (se), to limit oneself.
bossu -e, hunchbacked.
botanique,/., botany.
botte,/, bundle.
bouche,/, mouth.
bouchée,/, mouthful, pièce.
bouchon, m., cork.
boucle,/, buckle; — s d'oreille,
ear-rings.
boucler, to buckle up.
bouger, to move, budge.
bouillant -e, boiling, hot.
bouillonner, to bubble.
boulanger, m., baker.
boule,/, bail.
boulet, m., cannon-ball. [set.
bouleverser, to overthrow, upbouquet, m., bouquet.
bourg, m., borough.
bourgade, /., small town, borough.
bourgeois -e, citizen.
Bourgogne,/, Burgundy.
bourse,/, purse.
bout, m., end, pièce, tip; venir
à — de tout, to succeed in
everything.
bouteille,/, bottle.
boutique,/, shop, store.
brancards, ;//. plur., shaft.
branche,/, branch.
bras, m., arm, limb, branch (of rivers).
brasier, m., great fire, fire.
brave, good, brave.
bravement, bravely.
bravo! bravo!
bravoure,/, bravery, gallantry.
breloque,/, watch-charm.
Bretagne,/, Brittany.
breton -ne, of Brittany.
brigand, ;;/., brigand.
brillant -e, brilliant.
briller, to shine, glitter.
briser, to break, break down.
briser (se), to be broken, break oneself.
broderie,/, embroidery.
brodeu-r -se, embroiderer,
brosser, to brush.
brouhaha, w., uproar.
brouillard, ;;/., fog, mist.
broyer, to grind, crush.
bruit, m., sound, noise.
brûlant -e, hot, burning.
brûler, to burn.
brume,/, fog, haze.
brun -e, brown.
brune,/, twilight, dusk.
brusquement, roughly, abruptly, with a start, suddenly.
brusquerie,/, bluntness, roughness.
bruyant -e, noisy.
bûcher, m., funeral pile.
but, m., aim, purpose, object, end; dans ce — , for that purpose.
cabane,/, cottage, cabin, shed.
cabine,/., cabin.
cabinet, ;//., small room.
cachot, m.y cell, dungeon.
VOCABULARY
cadavre, m., corpse.
cadeau, m., gif t. présent.
cadencé -e, cadenced.
cadran, m., dial.
cage, /., car (of mine pits),
cage.
cahier, ///., note-book, exercise-
book.
caillou, ;//., stone, pebble.
caisse,/., box; — de voyage,
travelling-box.
cale,/., hold (of ships).
calmant -e, soothing, anodyne,
calming.
calme, m., calm, quiet, calme, calm.
calmer, to quiet down, calm.
camarade, m.t comrade.
camp, m., camp.
campagne, /., country, cam-
paign ; maison de — , country-
house, country-seat.
canal, »*., canal.
canon, ??i., cannon.
canot, av., cutter, yawl.
cap, 01., cape, capitaine, ;;/., captain, officer,
gênerai, capitale,/., capital, caqueter, to cackle.
car, for, because.
caractère, m., temper, character. | caresser, to caress.
cargaison,/., cargo, carré -e, square.
carrefour, m., cross-roads.
carrière,/., quarry.
carriole,/, wagon, carte,/., map.
carton, m., paste-board.
cartonner, to bind a book in
boards.
cas, m., case; en ce — , in that
case, cascade,/, cascade.
casque, m., heimet.
cassé -e, broken down, bent.
casser, to break.
cathédrale,/., cathedral.
cause, /., cause; à — de, because of.
causer, to talk, cause.
cavalerie, /., cavalry.
ce, cet -te, ces, this, that, thèse, those.
ceci, this.
céder, to sell, yield, give in; ne — en rien, not to be inferior.
cèdre, m., cedar.
ceinture,/, beit.
cela, that; c'est — , that is it, very well.
célèbre, celebrated.
celui, celle, ceux, celles, this,
that, thèse, those ; ci, this
one ; là, that one.
cent, hundred.
centaine, /, hundred, about a hundred.
centime, m., about the fifth of a cent.
centre, m., center. [while.
cependant, however, mean-
cercle, ;//., circle.
céréales,/ plur., cereals, grains of ail kind.
cerise,/, cherry.
cerisier, ;;/., cherry-tree.
cerner, to surround.
certain -e, certain.
certainement, certain]}-.
certes, certainly.
certificat, m., certificate, testimonial.
certifier, to certify.
César, m., Caesar.
cesse,/, ceasing; sans — , always, without ceasing.
cesser, to stop, cease.
chacun -e, each one, every one.
chagrin, m., grief, sorrow.
chaîne,/, chain; watch-chain.
chaise,/, chair.
chaleur,/, heat, warmth.
chaloupe, /., ship's boat, long boat.
VOCABULARY
chambre,/., room.
champ, m., field; aux — s, in the country.
changer, to change.
chanson,/., song.
chant, m. y singing, song.
chanter, to sing, chirp, crow.
chanvre, m., hemp.
chapeau, m.9 hat,
chapelle,/, chapel.
