chapitre, m.t chapter
chaque, each, every.
char, m., wagon, cart, chariot, car; — de triomphe, triumphal car; — à bancs, wagonette.
charbon, m., coal; — de terre, coal.
charbonnier, m., coalman.
charge,/., load, burden; être à — à quelqu'un, to be a burden upon any one.
chargement, m., loading, load.
charger, to load, charge, intrust.
charger (se), to take charge.
chariot, m.y hand-cart, wagon, cart.
Charles, m., Charles.
charmant -e, charming, delightful.
charpentier, m., carpenter.
charrette,/, wagon.
charretier, m., wagoner.
charron, m., wheelwright, wagon-maker.
charrue,/, plow.
chasser, to drive away, chase.
chasseur, m., hunter.
châtaigne,/, chestnut.
château, m., castle.
chaud -e, hot, warm.
chaudière,/, boiler, kettle.
chaudronnerie,/, coppersmith's trade.
chaudronnier, m., coppersmith.
chauffer, to heat.
chaume, m., thatch.
chaumière, /., thatch-covered cabin, cottage.
chef, w., chief.
chef-d'œuvre, m., master-piece.
chef -lieu, "m., the main city of a French department.
chemin, m., way, road; — de traverse, cross-road; tout le long du — , on the way; — de fer, railroad, steam car;
— faisant, on the way.
cheminée, /., chimney, fire-
place, smoke-stack.
chemise,/, shirt, night-gown.
chenet, m., andiron.
ch-er -ère, dear, expensive.
chercher, to seek, get, look for,
try ; aller — , to go for.
cheval, m., horse.
chevalier, m., knight.
chevet, m., bedside.
cheveu, m., hair. chèvre,/, female goat.
chez, to, at the house, of, in;
— lui, to his house ; — nous, in our house.
chien, m., dog.
chimie,/, chemistry.
Chine,/, China.
chirurgie,/, surgery.
chirurgien, m., surgeon.
choisir, to sélect, choose.
chose, /., thing; quelque — , something; autre — , anything else; grand' — , very much, a great deal.
chou, m., cabbage.
chute,/, fall.
ci, hère.
cid, ??i., cid, chief-commander.
cidre, w., cider.
ciel, 7/z., sky, heaven.
cieux, plur. of ciel.
cime,/, summit, top.
cimetière, m., cemetery.
cinq, five.
cinquante, fifty.
cinquième, fifth.
VOCABULARY
circonstance,/., circumstance.
ciré-e, waxed; toile — -, oil-
cloth.
cirque, m., circle, circus, amphi-
theater.
ciseaux, ;;z. phir.\ scissors.
citadelle,/., citadel.
cité,/., city.
citer, to quote, cite, name.
citoyen -ne, citizen.
citronnier, m., lemon-tree.
clair, m.y light.
clair -e, clear.
claquer, to crack; fit — ,
cracked (of whips) ; chatter (of
teeth).
clarinette,/., clarinet.
clarté,/., light, glimmer.
classe,/, class, school.
classer, to classify, class.
clef,/, key.
client -e, customer.
clientèle,/, custom, clientèle.
climat, m. y climate.
clin, m., wink; en un — d'oeil,
in the twinkling of an eye.
cloche,/, bell.
clocher, m., steeple.
clochette,/, bell, little bell.
cloison,/, partition. clos-e, closed, shut.
coalisé -e, allied.
cœur, m., heart, mind; d'un si
grand —, so heartily.
coin, m., corner.
col, m,, neck (of mountains).
collège, m., school, collège.
collégien, m., schoolboy.
colline,/, hill.
colonel, m., colonel, colonie,/, colony.
colonnade,/, colonnade.
colonne,/, pillar, column.
colorié -e, colored.
colossal -e, colossal.
colza, m., colza.
combat, ?n., combat, battle,
fiant.
combattant, m., fighter.
combattre, to fight, combat.
combien, how much, how many,
how.
comble, m., frame of a roof, commandement, m., command,
commandment.
commander, to command, order.
comme, as, like, how, as well
as.
commencement, m., beginning.
commencer, to begin, commence.
comment, how, what.
commerçant -e, commercial.
commerce, m., commerce, trade;
navire de — , merchantman.
commission, /., errand; faire
des — s, to go on errands.
communal -e, communal.
commune, /, community, village, communiquer, to communicate,
be connected.
compagnie,/, company.
compagnon, #?., companion,
comrade, comparer, to compare.
comparer (se), to be compared.
compatir, to sympathize with.
compatissant -e,compassionate.
complet -ète, complète.
complètement, completely.
compléter, to complète, make
up.
compliqué -e, intricate, compli
cated.
composer, to compose.
composer (se), to be composed.
comprendre, to understand, in-
clude ; y compris, included.
compresse,/, compress.
compte, m,, account; se rendre
— , to realize, understand.
compter, to count, rely, count
up, expect.
comté, m.j county.
concevoir, to conceive.
VOCABULARY
concitoyen -ne, fellow-citizen.
concorde,/., concord.
condamnation, /., condemnation.
condamner (se), to condemn oneself.
condition,/., condition.
conducteur, m., driver.
conduire, to lead, conduct, take, tend.
conduite,/., conduct, behavior.
confectionner, to make.
confiance,/, confidence, trust.
confier, to intrust, confide, give in charge.
confit -e, preserved, candied.
confondre, to compound, confuse, mix up.
confondre (se), to be blended.
connaissance,/, acquaintance; faire — , to make the acquaintance.
connaître, to know, be acquainted. [other.
connaître (se), to know one an-
consacrer, to dévote.
consciencieu-x -se, conscientious.
conscrit, m*, recruit, conscript.
conseil, m., council, counsel, advice.
conseiller, to counsel.
consentir, to consent.
conserver, to préserve, keep.
considérable, considérable, important.
considérer, to consider, watch.
consternation, /., consternation.
consterner, to dismay.
constituer (se), to give oneself into custody.
constitution,/, constitution.
constructeur, m., builder.
construction,/, construction.
construire, to build, construct.
consulter, to consult.
contempler, to look at, gaze upon.
contenir, to contain, hold.
content -e, glad, satisfied, con-
tented.
contenter, to satisfy. contenter (se), to be satisfied
with, content oneself with.
continuellement, continually.
continuer, to continue, go on.
contour, m., outline, contour.
contourner, to go around, turn
around.
contraire, contrary; au — , on
the contrary.
contre, against.
contre-coup, m., repercussion,
conséquence, rebound.
contredire (se), to contradict
oneself.
contrée,/, country, part of the
country.
contribuer, to contribute.
contribution, /., tax, contribution, contusion,/, bruise.
contusionné -e, bruised.
convalescence,/., convalescence.
convalescent -e, convalescent.
convenir, to agrée.
convaincre, to convince.
convoi, m.9 convoy.
copeau, m., chip.
coq, m., rooster, cock.
coque,/, shell (of nuts).
cordage, m., cordage, rope.
corde,/, rope; la — au cou, a
rope around their neck.
cordial -e, cordial, corne,/, horn.
corps, m., body; — législatif,
the House of Deputies.
corridor, ??i., hall, corridor. corrompre, to corrupt, bribe.
Corse,/, Corsica.
côte,/., hill, seacoast.
côté, m., side; de son — , he, . she also, on his side; d'un
— , on one side ; à — de, by
the side of.
VOCABULARY
coteau, m., hill.
coton, m.y cotton.
COU, ;;/., neck.
couchant, setting.
couché -e, lying down.
coucher, 02., bed.
coucher, to sleep, lodge, stop over night, put to bed.
coucher (se), to set, retire, go to bed.
coudre, to sew; machine à — , sewing-machine.
coulée,/., flowing, flow.
couler, to flow, run, go down.
couleur,/., paint, pigment, color.
coup, m., knock, blow ; tout à — , d'un — , suddenly; d'un seul — , ail at once; à — sûr, certainly; — de tonnerre, clap of thunder.
coupable, guilty.
couper, to eut.
coupe-tête, m., executioner.
cour,/, court-yard.
courage, m., courage, energy; rassembler tout son — , to summon ail one's courage.
courageusement, courageousiy, industriously.
courageu-x -se, courageous, brave, industrious.
courant, m., current; mettre quelqu'un au — , to make some one conversant, acquainted.
courir, to run, hasten, go through.
couronne,/, crown, wreath.
couronner, to crown.
courroie,/, leather strap.
cours, m., stream, course, lecture.
course,/, course, mareb ; faire des — s, to go on errands.
court -e, short.
cousin -e, cousin.
couteau, m., knife.
coutellerie,/, cutlery.
coûter, to cost.
coutume,/, custom; que de — ,
than usual.
couvert, m., shelter; se mettre
à — , to get under shelter.
couverture,/, blanket.
couvrir, to cover.
couvrir (se), to be covered.
craindre, to fear.
crainte,/, fear; de — que, for
fear that.
craquement, m., cracking noise, créanci-er -ère, creditor.
crèche,/, manger, créneau, ;;/., battlement.
crépitement, 0/., crackling (of
fire).
crépuscule, m., twilight.
creuser, to dig.
cri, m., cry.
crier, to cry out.
crinière,/, mane.
cristallerie,/, cut-glass works.
crochet, m., hook.
croire, to believe, think.
croisade,/, crusade.
croître, to increase.
croix,/, cross, croûte,/, crust.
cruche,/, jug.
cruellement, cruelly.
cueillir, to gather, pick.
cuir, 7/1., leather.
cuirasse,/, cuirass, breastplate. cuire, to cook.
cuisine,/, kitchen.
culte, 0?., worship.
cultivateur, m., farmer.
cultiver, to cultivate.
culture,/, cultivation.
curieu-x -se, curious.
daguerréotype, m.f daguerréotype.
dame,/, lady.
danger, 02., danger.
VOCABULARY
dangereu-x -se, dangerous.
dans, in, within.
de, of, from, with, to, in, for,
on.
débarquer, to unship, land.
debout, standing, up; se tenir
— , to stand up.
débrouiller, to arrange, settle décharger, to unload.
déception, /., disappointment,
déception.
décider, to persuade, décide.
décider (se), to make one's mind
up, décide.
décision, /., détermination, décision.
déclarer, to déclare.
découpé -e, eut out, indented. découragé -e, discouraged.
découragement, m., discourage-
ment.
décourager (se), to be discouraged.
découverte,/., discovery.
découvrir, to discover, see, look
over.
décrocher, to take down.
dedans, m., inside; en — , from
inside.
dedans, in, within.
dédommager, to compensate,
make up.
défaut, m., fault, defect.
défendre, to défend.
défendre (se), to keep oneself
from, défend oneself.
défense,/., defence, protection.
déferler, to break into foam.
défilé, m., défile, long narrow
pass. [penses.
défrayer (se), to pay the exdégourdir (se), to remove the
numbness from.
dehors, outside.
déjà, already.
déjeuner, to breakfast.
delà, beyond ; au — ., beyond,
further on.
délabré -e, dilapidated.
délicat -e, délicate.
délicatement, delicately.
délire, ?//., deliriousness; avoir
le — , to be delirious.
délivrer, to relieve, deliver, f ree.
demain, to-morrow.
demande,/., request.
demander, to ask, beg, inquire
for.
demander (se), to wonder, ask
oneself.
demeure, /., dwelling-house,
house.
demeurer, to remain, live. ■ demi -e, half.
démolir, to demolish.
denier, m., the i3th of a farth-
ing.
denrée, /., merchandise, provisions.
dent,/, tooth; claquer des — s,
to chatter with one's teeth ;
grincer des — s, to grind
one's teeth.
dentelle,/, lace.
départ, m., departure, leaving.
département, m., department (a
division of France).
dépasser, to overtop, surpass,
exceed.
dépense, /., expense, expendi-
ture.
dépenser, to spend.
déployer, to display, unfold.
déployer (se), to be displayed,
extend, unroll. déposer, to remain, deposit, put.
depuis, since, from, for.
député, m., deputy.
députer, to send, députe.
dérailler, to jump the track, derail, déranger, to disturb, trouble, derni-er -ère, last, latter.
derrière, behind, after; par — ,
• from behind.
dès? from, since, as soon as, on.
VOCABULARY
des, of the.
désappointé -e, disappointed.
désastre, m., disaster.
descendre, to descend, corne
down, go down, put up, stop,
alight (from a carriage).
descente,/., declivity, descent.
description,/., description, désert, m., désert.
désert -e, deserted.
désespéré -e, desperate.
déshabiller, to undress.
désigner, to appoint, designate.
désir, m., wish, désire.
désirer, to désire, wish for; ne
rien laisser à — , to be entire-
ly satisfactory.
désolé -e, disconsolate.
désoler (se), to be disconsolate,
grieve.
désordre, m., confusion, dis-
order.
désormais, henceforth.
dès que, as soon as.
desséché -e, dried up.
dessert, m., dessert.
dessin, m., drawing, design,
figure, pattern.
dessinateur, m.t draftsman.
dessiner, to draw, design, out-
line.
dessus, on, over, above.
détacher, to loosen, detach.
détail, m., détail, particular.
détour, /., évasion, subterfuge,
curve.
détruire, to destroy.
deuil, m., sorrow, grief, mourn-
ing.
deux, two ; tous les — , both of
you, of them.
devant, before, in front of,
straight ahead; par — , in
front.
devant, m^ front.
devanture, /., front, show win-
dow. [ment.
développement, m.} develop-
développer, to unwrap, open.
développer (se), to ex tend.
devenir, to become.
dévider, to wind (into skeins). deviner, to guess, divine, dis-
cover.
devoir, must, ought, to owe, to
be to.
devoir, ??i., duty.
dévouement, m., sacrifice, dévotion, self-sacrifice.
diamant, m., diamond.
Dieu, m., God; mon — , heavens,
gracious; — merci, thank
God.
différent -e, différent.
difficile, difficult, hard.
difficulté,/, difficulty.
digne, worthy.
digue,/, sea-wall, dike.
diligenter (se), to make haste,
hurry up.
diminuer, to diminish.
dîner, m., dinner.
dîner, to dine.
dire, to say, tell, call; c'est à
— , that is to say; vouloir — ,
to mean.
dire (se), to say to oneself, be
said, say.
direction,/., direction, diriger, to lead, direct.
diriger (se), to direct oneself,
godiscuter, to discuss.
disparaître, to disappear.
dispos, active, well.
disposer, to dispose.
disputer (se), to quarrel.
dissiper, to scatter. distance,/., distance, distillerie,/, distillery.
distinct -e, distinct.
distinctement, distinctly.
distinguer, to distinguish.
distraire, to amuse, divert.
divers -e, différent, diverse.
diviser, to divide,
iSo
VOCABULARY
diviser (se), to be divided, di-
vide oneself.
division,/., division.
dix, ten.
dix-sept, seventeen.
dix-septième, seventeenth.
dizaine,/., about ten.
doigt, m., finger.
domaine, m», estate, domain,
province.
dôme, m., dôme.
domestique, m. /., servant, do-
mestic.
dominer, to overlook, rise
above.
dommage, m., damage; quel
— ! what a pity !
donc, then, now, therefore.
donner, to give.
donner (se), to give oneself.
dont, of which, whose, of whom,
with which. doré -e, gilded.
dormir, to sleep.
dos, m., back.
dot,/., dowry.
double, m., double. [ly.
doucement, gently, softly, slowdouceur,"/, sweetness, gentle-
ness, mildness.
douleur,/, pain, doute, m., doubt; sans — , with-
out doubt.
douter (se), to suspect.
dou-x -ce, sweet, soft, gentle,
mild.
douze, twelve.
drap, m., cloth, broadcloth.
drapeau, m., flag.
draperie,/, hangings, drapery.
dresser, to raise, draw (of pa-
pers).
dresser (se), to rise.
droit, m., right, law ; école de
— , law school.
droit, straight, directly.
droite,/, right; à — , to the
right.
droiture, /, honesty, upright-
ness.
du, of the, from the.
dû, due, due.
dune,/, down (of sand).
Dunkerque, m., Dunkirk.
dur -e, hard.
durant, during. durée,/, duration.
durer, to last.
eau, /., water, rain; jet d' — ,
fountain.
eau-de-vie,/, brandy.
éblouissant -e, • dazzling.
écart (à P), aside, apart.
échafaud, m., scaffold.
échafaudage, m., scaffolding.
échange, m., exchange.
échantillon, m., sample.
échapper (s'), to escape, corne
out.
échelle,/, ladder.
écho, m., écho.
éclair, ;;/., lightning.
éclairage, m., lighting, illumination; gaz &' — , illuminating
gas.
éclaircir (s'), to clear up.
éclairer, to light, light up.
éclat, m., brightness, glitter,
brilliancy, glory.
éclater, to break out.
école,/, school.
économe, thrifty, economical,
saving.
économie, /., economy; — s,
savings.
économiser, to save, spare.
écosser, to shell (of peas or
beans).
écouler (sJ), to pass.
écouter, to listen, hear, listen to. écraser, to crush.
écrier (s'), to exclaim, cry out.
VOCABULARY
écrire, to write.
écueil, m., reef.
écuelle,/., porringer, bowl.
écumant -e, foaming.
écume,/., foam.
écurie,/., stable (for horses).
écuyer, m., squire, esquire.
effaroucher, to scare away.
effet (en), in reality, in fact.
effondrer (s'), to tumble down,
fall in.
effort, m., effort.
effrayant -e, frightful.
effrayer, to frighten.
effroi, m,, fright.
effusion,/., effusion.
égal -e, equal.
également, equally.
égarer (s;), to lose one's way.
église,/., church.
Egypte,/, Egypt.
eh! ah! well! — bien, very
well, well.
élan, impulsiveness, enthusiasm.
élancer (s7), to start, rush, run
forth, lift oneself.
élément, ;//., élément, élémentaire, elementary, prima-
éléphant, ;/z., éléphant.
élevé -e, high, lofty.
élever, to raise, bring up, erect.
élever (s'), to rise, arise, be
erected.
elle, she, her.
elle-même, herself, itself.
éloigné -e, distant.
éloigner (s'), to go away, get
far.
éloquemment, éloquent! y.
éloquence,/, éloquence.
élu -e, elected.
émaillé -e, enamelled.
embarcation,/, boat, craft.
embarquer, to put on ship-
board, embark, ship.
embarquer (s'), to embark, ship,
sail. '
embarras, m., trouble, difficulté
embarrasser, to embarrass, hin-
der.
embouchure, /, mouth (of ri-
vers).
embraser, to set on fire, kindle.
embrasser, to kiss, embrace.
embrasser (s'), to kiss, embrace
one another.
embûche, /, snare.
émerveillé -e, amazed.
émerveiller, to astonish, amaze.
émerveiller (s?), to be aston-
ished, marvel.
émeut, see émouvoir, émigrer, to emigrate.
emmener, to take away, lead
away, take.
émotion,/, émotion.
émouvoir, to move.
empêcher, to prevent, preclude.
empêcher (s'), to help, prevent,
refrain, empiler, to pile up.
emplir, to fill.
employer, to employ, give em-
ployment, use.
emporter, to carry away, take
away, carry.
empourprer, to purple, light up,
color in purple.
empressement, m., eagerness,
kind attention.
empresser (s'), to hasten.
emprisonner, to imprison.
emprunter, to borrow.
ému -e, moved.
en, of them, of it, for it.
en, in, within, as, into.
enchaîner, to bind in chains,
chain up.
enchanter, to delight.
enclavé -e, enclosed.
enclume, /., an vil.
encore, still, yet, again.
encourager (s>), to encourage
one another.
VOCABULARY
endommager, to damage.
endormir (s'), to go to sleep.
endroit, m., place.
endurer, to endure, bear.
énergie,/., energy.
énergique, energetic.
énergiquement, energetically.
enfance,/., childhood.
enfant, m., child'.
enfermer, to shut in, coop up.
enfin, finally, at last.
enflammer, to excite, enfler, to swell.
enflure,/., swelling.
enfoncer, to push in, drive in,
bury.
enfoncer (s'), to sink.
enfuir (s'), to flee, run away.
engagement, m., promise; — s,
liabilities.
engager, to induce, engage.
englouti -e, lost, swallowed up.
engloutir, to swallow up, engulf .
engouffrer (s'), to rush.
engourdir, to benumb.
enlever, to remove, take away,
carry away.
ennemi -e, enemy.
ennuyer,- to weary, annoy,
bother.
énorme, enormous.
enquérir (s'), to inquire.
enrouler, to roll up.
enseignement, m., teaching.
enseigner, to teach. ensemble, together.
ensemencer, to sow.
ensoleillé -e, sunny.
ensuite, afterwards, then, be-
sides.
entamer, to begin to spend, eut.
entasser, to crowd, pile up.
entendre, to hear, understand.
enthousiasme, m., enthusiasm.
enti-er -ère, whole, entire.
entièrement, entirely, wholly.
entorse,/, sprain.
entourer, to surround.
entr'aider (s'), to help one an-
other.
entrain, m., heartiness, spirit.
entraîner, to carry away, draw,
lead away.
entre, between, in, among.
entre-choquer (s'), to dash
against one another.
entre-croiser, to cross, cross
one another.
entre-croiser (s'), to cross one
another.
entrée, /., entrance, mouth (of
harbors).
entrefaites, /.//wr., sur ces — ,
in the meanwhile.
entreprendre, to undertake.
entrer, to enter, corne in.
entrouvrir, partly to open.
envahir, to invade, take hold
of. envelopper, to wrap, envelop,
surround, wrap up, take in.
envie,/, désire, wish.
environ, about.
environnant -e, surrounding.
environner, to surround, envelop.
environs, m. plur., environs, vi-
cinity ; aux — , in the vicinity.
envoyé, a»., envoy.
envoyer, to send, drive, wrap,
fold up.
épais -se, thick, dense.
épaissir, to grow thick, thicken.
épanouir, to brighten up.
épanouir (s*), to light up.
épaule,/, shoulder.
épée,/, sword.
époque,/, time, epoch.
épouvantable, frightful.
épouvante,/, fright.
épouvanter, to frighten.
épou-x -se, husband, wife.
épreuve,/, ordeal, test.
éprouver, to feel, expérience,
meet with.
épuiser, to exhaust.
VOCABULARY
équipage, crew (of boats).
ériger, to raise, promote.
erreur, /"., error, mistake.
escalier, m., stairway.
escarpé -e, steep, cragged.
escorter, to escort. espace, m., room, space.
Espagnol -e, Spaniard, Spanish.
espèce,/., kind, species, sort, espérance,/., hope.
espérer, to hope.
espoir, m., hope.
esprit, m., spirit, mind.
essayer, to try.
essoufflé, -e, breathless.
est, m., East.
estime,/, esteem.
estimer, to esteem, regard, es-
timate, value, et, and.
étable,/., stable.
établir, to establish.
établir (s*), to settle, establish
oneself, to place oneself, sit
dovvii. [ment.
établissement, m., establishétage, m., floor, story; premier
— , second floor.
étalage, m., display, show win-
dow, goods.
étaler, to display, expose for
sale.
étaler (s'), to be spread out, be
displayed.
étang, ?n.i pond, pool, étape,/, stopping-place, stop.
état, m., condition, state, coun-
try.
état-major, m., staff.
été, m., summer.
éteindre, to put out (of fire),
extinguish.
éteindre (s'), to be extinguished,
go out.
étendre, to spread, spread out,
stretch out.
étendre (s'), to extend, be spread
out.
étendu -e, stretched, lying.
étendue,/, area, expanse, éternel -le, everlasting, eternal.
Etienne, m., Stephen.
étincelant -e, sparkling.
étinceler, to glitter, sparkle.
étincelle,/, spark.
étoffe,/, cloth, stuff.
étoile,/, star.
étonnement, m., astonishment.
étonner, to astonish.
étouffer, to stifle.
étrange, strange, unusual.
étrang-er -ère, s t ranger, foreign.
étrangler, to strangle.
être, to be. [embrace.
étreinte, /, pressing, clasping, étroit -e, narrow.
étroitement, closely.
étude, /., study ; faire ses — s,
to study.
étudier, to study.
étui, m., case.
eu, see avoir.
Europe,/, Europe, eux, them, they, themselves.
eux-mêmes, themselves.
évanouir (s'), to swoon, faint
away.
évaporer, to evaporate.
évaporer (s'), to evaporate.
éveiller, to awake, wake up.
éveiller (s'), to awake.
événement, m., event.
évêque, m., bishop.
éviter, to avoid.
examen, m., examination.
examiner, to examine, exaucer, to hearken to, hear
favorably.
excellent -e, excellent, exciter, to excite, cause, urge.
exclamation,/, exclamation, excuser, to excuse, excuser (s'), to excuse oneself,
apologize.
exécuter, to exécute, enforce,
carry out.
VOCABULARY
exécuti-f -ve, executive.
exemple, m., example; par — ,
for example.
exhaler, to exhale.
exiger, to exact, demand.
exister, to exist, live.
expansi-f -ve, open-hearted, ex-
pansive.
expédier, to send off, dispatch, expédition,/., expédition.
expirer, to expire.
explication,/., explanation. expliquer, to explain.
exploiter, to work.
exposer, to describe, expose.
exposer (s'), to expose oneself.
expressi-f -ve, expressive.
exprimer, to express.
exterminer, to exterminate, an-
nihilate.
extrême, extrême.
extrémité,/., end, extremity.
fable,/., fable.
fabricant, m., manufacturer.
fabrique j/., factory, mill.
fabriquer, to make, manufacture.
fabriquer (se), to be made.
fabuliste, m., fabulist.
face,/, face; en — , opposite, in the présence.
facile, easy.
facilement, easily.
façon, /., way, manner ; de — , so that.
façonner, to make up, work, shape.
faible, weak, feeble.
faiblesse,/, weakness.
faïence,/., crockery, china.
faille, see falloir.
faim, /., hunger; avoir —, to be hungry ; mourir de — , to starve.
faire, to do, make, say.
faire (se), to make oneself, be-
come, grow, be made.
falloir, to be necessary, must,
take, need. [mously.
fameusement, very hard, fafameu-x -se, famous.
famille,/, family.
famine,/, famine, fanfare,/, flourish of trumpets.
farine,/, flour.
fasse, see faire, fatigant -e, tiresome.
fatigue,/, fatigue, weariness.
fatigué -e, tired.
fatiguer (se), to become tired.
faubourg, m,, suburb.
faveur,/, favor.
favorable, favorable.
favori -te, favorite.
fécond -e, productive, féliciter, to congratulate.
femme,/, wife, woman.
fendu -e, split, cleft.
fenêtre,/, window, fer, m., iron; chemin de — ,
railroad, steam car.
ferme, firm, steady.
ferme,/, farm-house, farm.
fermer, to close, shut.
fermer (se), to be closed, close
oneself.
fermeté,/, firmness, energy.
fermi-er, -ère, farmer, farmer's
wife.
féroce, fierce, ferocious.
ferrure,/, iron-work.
fertile, fertile.
fertiliser, to fertilize.
fertilité,/, fertility.
fête, /., festival, merry-making,
holiday, amusement, festivity.
feu, nu, fire; pompe à — , fiie
engine.
feuillage, /;/., foliage.
feuille,/, leaf.
feuilleter, to turn the pag
over, peruse.
VOCABULARY
fidèle, faithful.
fi-er -ère, proud.
fièrement, proudly.
fièvre,/., fever.
figure,/., face, drawing.
figurer (se), to imagine.
fil, ;;?., thread.
filature,/., spinning-mill, weav-
ing-mill.
filer, to spin.
fille,/., girl, daughter.
fillette,/, littlegirl.
fils, m., son.
fin,/, end.
fin -e, fine.
finances, / plur., finance, finances, finir, to end, finish.
fixer, to fix, settle.
flamme,/, flame.
flanc, ;;/., flank, side.
flèche,/., arrow.
fleur,/, flower.
fleuve, m., river.
flot, m., wave, billow.
flotter, to float down, wave,
float.
flûte,/, flûte.
foi,/, faith; par ma — , upon
my faith.
foin, m., hay.
foire,/, fair.
fois, /, time; une — , once;
toutes les — , every time; à
la — , at the same time, both ;
deux — , twice.
foncé -e, deep, dark.
fond, ?fi., bottom.
fonder, to found.
fonderie,/, foundry.
fondre, to cast, melt.
fonds, m,, funds, money.
fontaine,/, spring, fountain.
fonte,/, cast iron ; — en fusion,
melted iron. force, /., strength, force; de
toutes ses — s, with ail his
might.
forcer, to compel, oblige.
forestier, m., forester.
forêt,/, forest.
forge,/, forge.
forger, to forge.
forgeron, m., blacksmith.
formalité,/, formality, form.
forme,/, form, shape.
former, to form.
former (se), to be formed, be
trained, be educated.
formidable, formidable.
fort, ;;/., fort.
fort, very, very much.
fort -e, strong, hard, heavy.
forteresse, /, f ortress.
fortifier, to fortify.
fortune,/, fortune.
fossé, ;//., ditch.
fou, fol -le, insane, crazy.
fouet, m., whip; coup de — ,
lash of the whip.
fouetter, to whip, beat, lash.
foule,/, crowd.
fouler, to trample on, down.
fouloir, m., press.
four, m., oven. fournaise,/, furnace.
fourneau, ;;?., blast-furnace.
fournir, to furnish, provide.
fourrage, m., fodder, forage.
fourreau, ?n., case.
foyer, m., hearth, fire-place,
home.
fraîcheur,/, coolness.
frais, m. plur., ex penses.
franc, m.t franc (about 20 cents), français -e, French.
France,/, France.
franchir, to cross, go through,
travel.
frapper, to knock, rap, clap (of
hands), strike, hit, tap ; — de,
to levy (of taxes).
frapper (se), to strike oneself.
fréquenter, to fréquent.
frère, a»., brother, friar.
frêle, frail.
VOCABULARY
frissonner, to shiver.
frit -e, fried.
froid, m., cold.
froid -e, cold.
fromage, m., cheese.
fromagerie,/., cheese-dairy.
front, m., forehead, face.
frontière, /., frontier, bound-
ary.
frotter (se), to rub.
fructifier, to fructify. frugal -e, frugal.
fruit, m., fruit, resuit, fruitier, m., cheese-maker.
fruiti-er -ère, fruit, fruit-bear-
ing; arbre — , fruit-tree.
fuir, to flee.
fuite, /., flight ; prendre la —,
to flee ; en — , flying.
fumée,/., smoke.
fumer, to steam, smoke.
funeste, fatal.
furieu-x -se, furious.
fusil, m., rifle, shotgun.
fusion,/., melting; fonte en — ,
melted iron.
futur -e, future.
gagner, to reach, gain, win, earn.
gai -e, cheerful, gay.
gaîment, cheerfully, gayly.
gaîté,/, gaiety, cheerfulness.
galerie,/., gallery, creep-hole.
galop, m., gallop.
galoper, to gallop, run.
gant, m., glove.
garance,/, madder-root.
garantir, to protect, shelter.
garde, /., guard, watch ; faire bonne — , to keep good watch.
garde, m., guard.
garder, to keep, maintain, préserve.
gare, /., railroad station.
garnir, to provide, garnish.
Gascogne,/, Gascony.
gauche, /., left; à — , to tire left.
garçon, m., boy.
Gaule,/, Gaul.
Gaulois -e, Gaul.
gaz, m., gas; bec de — , gas burner, gas lamp; — d'éclairage, illuminating-gas.
gazon, m., grass, turf.
geler, to freeze.
gêné -e, uncomfortable.
général, m., gênerai.
général -e, gênerai.
généralement, generally, usual-
généreusement, generously.
Genève,/, Geneva.
génie, m., genius.
genou, m., knee; à — x, on one's
knees.
genre, m., kind, sort:
gens, m. / plur., people;
jeunes — , young men.
gentil -le, pretty, graceful,
gentle.
gentiment, gracefully.
géométrie,/, geometry.
Gertrude,/., Gertrude.
geste, m., gesture.
gesticuler, to gesticulate.
gibier, m., game.
gilet, m., vest.
girafe,/, giraffe.
givre, m., hoar-frost.
glace,/, ice.
glacial -e, cold, glacial, glacier, m., glacier, glisser, to glide, slip.
gloire,/, glory.
golfe, ;;/., gulf, bay.
gothique, gothic.
gouffre, m., whirlpool, gulf.
goulot, m., neck (of bottles).
goût, m., taste, inclination, lik-
ing.
goûter, to taste.
VOCABULARY
goutte,/., drop.
gouvernail, mn rudder, helm.
gouvernement, m., government.
gouverneur, m., governor.
grâce, /., mercy, pardon, gracefulness; — à, thanks to; faire — , to pardon, hâve mercy.
grand -e, great, large, tall, elder, wide.
grandir, to grow.
granit, m., granité.
grappe,/., bunch.
gras -se, fat.
gratification,/, gratuity, boun-
ty-
grave, grave, serious.
gravement, gravely, seriously.
graver, to engrave, carve out.
gravir, to climb up.
grelot, m.7 small bell, sleigh-
bell.
grenier, m., attic, garret.
grille, /., grate, grating, wrought-
iron gâte.
grillé -e, grated.
grincer, to grind, gnash ; — des
dents, to grind one's teeth.
gris -e, gray.
grondement, m., rumbling,
growling, roaring.
gronder, to rumble, roar.
gros -se, big, large, heavy.
grosseur,/, size.
grossir, to grow large.
grotte,/, grotto.
groupe, ;/?., cluster, group. Gruyère (fromage de), Swiss
cheese.
gué, m., ford.
guère, hardly.
guérir, to recover, get well, heal,
cure.
guérison,/, cure, recovery.
guerre,/, war.
guerrier, m., warrior.
gueule,/, muzzle, mouth.
guide, 7?i., guide.
guider, to guide.
Guillaume, ;;/., William, guise, /, manner, way ; en de, by way of.
' désignâtes aspirate h
habile, able, clever.
habileté, /, skilfulness, ability.
habiller, to dress.
habiller (s'), to dress, dress one-
self.
habit, m.y clothing, garment; — s
de travail, working-clothes.
habitant -e, inhabitant.
habitation,/, habitation, abode.
habiter, to inhabit, live.
habitude, /, habit, custom.
habitué -e, used, accustomed.
habituel -le, usual, ordinary.
'haie,/, hedge.
'haine,/, hâte, hatred. 'haïr, to hâte.
haleine, /, breath ; tout d'une
— , ail in one breath.
'haletant -e, panting.
'hameau, m., hamlet.
'hangar, m., shed.
'hardiment, boldly.
'hareng, m.y herring.
'haricot, m., bean.
'hâte, /., haste ; à la — , hasti-
ly ; en toute — , very hastily ;
avoir — , to be in haste.
'hâter (se), to hasten, hurry.
'haut, m., top, summit.
'haut -e, high, lofty; tout — ,
aloud.
hélas! alas!
herbe,/, grass, herb.
héritage, m., inheritance.
hériter, to inherit.
hermétiquement, tight.
héroïne,/, heroine.
héroïque, heroic.
'héros, 7/i., hero.
hésiter, to hesitate.
VOCABULARY
'hêtre, m., beech-tree.
heure, /., hour ; de bonne — ,
early, early in life; à la bonne
— , well arid good.
heureusement, fortunately, hap-
pily.
heureu-x -se, happy, fortunate.
'heurter, to knock, rap, strike
against, hit against.
hier, yesterday.
hippopotame, m., hippopota-
mus.
histoire,/., story, history.
hiver, m., winter.
hommage, m., homage.
homme, m., man.
honnête, honest.
honnêtement, honestly.
honnêteté,/., honesty.honneur, m., honor.
'honte,/., shame.
hôpital, m., hospital.
Horace, m., Horace, Horatius.
horizon, m., horizon.
horlogerie, /, clock-making,
watch-making.
horreur,/, horror.
'hors, out, out of.
hospitalité,/, hospitality.
hôte -sse, host.
hôtel, m., hôtel, mansion.; —
de ville, City Hall ; — Dieu,
hospital.
hôtellerie,/, inn, hostelry.
hotte,/, basket (to carry things
on one's back).
'houblon, m., hops.
'houille,/, coal.
huile,/, vegetable oil, oil.
'huit, eight.
huître,/, oyster.
humanité, /., humanity, man-
kind.
humble, humble.
humide, moist, damp, humid.
humidité, /., dampness, humid-
ity.
ici, hère ; — même, in this very
place; à' — là, from now to
that time.
idée,/, idea.
ignorant -e, ignorant, il, he, it.
île,/, island.
illumination,/, illumination.
illuminer, to illuminate.
illustre, illustrious.
illustrer, to make illustrious, il-
lustrate.
illustrer (s'), to make oneself
illustrious.
ils, they.
image,/, picture.
imagerie,/, picture factory.
imaginer (s*), to imagine, fancy.
imbécile, imbécile, weak-minded.
imiter, to imitate.
immédiatement, immediately,
at once.
immense, immense.
immensité,/, immensity.
immobile, motionless.
immobilité,/, immobility.
impatience,/, impatience.
impatient -e, impatient.
impérissable, imperishable.
important -e, important. importer, to be of moment;
n'importe, no matter.
imposer (s'), to impose upon
oneself.
impossible, impossible.
imprenable, impregnable.
imprévu -e, unforeseen, unex-
pected.
imprimer (s*), to be impressed.
imprimerie,/, printing, incendie, m.t fire.
incessant -e, incessant, inconnu -e, unknown.
incrédule, incredulous.
inculte, uncultivated.
Inde,/, India.
VOCABULARY
indescriptible, undescribable.
indicible, unspeakable, inex-
pressible.
indifférent -e, indiffèrent.
indiquer, to indiçate, designate,
show.
industrie, /., industry.
industriel -le, manufacturing.
industrieu-x -se, industrious.
ineffaçable, indelible.
inestimable, inestimable.
infect -e, close, infectious.
inflexible, inflexible.
influence,/., influence.
information, /., information ;
prendre des — s, to inquire.
informer (s7), to inquire.
infortuné -e, unfortunate, misérable, unhappy.
ingénieur, m., engineer.
inhumer, to bury.
inique, iniquitous.
innocence, /"., innocence.
innocent -e, innocent.
innombrable, innumerable.
inoccupé -e, idle. [éd.
inqui-et -ète, anxious, disquietinquiéter, to make uneasy, dis-
turb.
inquiéter (s'), to be anxious.
inquiétude,/., anxiety.
inscription,/, inscription.
insensible, insensible.
inspirer, to inspire.
installer, to install, put.
installer (s'), to place oneself,
install oneself, settle.
instant, m., instant, moment;
par — s, at times.
institut, m., institute.
instituteur, m., public-school
teacher. [cation.
instruction, /., instruction, eduinstruire, to instruct, teach, give
instructions, educate.
instruire (s>), to be educated,
become educated; learn.
instrument, m., instrument.
insu (à P), unknown to.
intégrité,/, integrity.
intelligence,/., intelligence.
intelligent -e, intelligent.
interdit -e, abashed, confused.
intéressant -e, interesting.
intéresser, to interest. [est in.
intéresser (s'), to take an interintérêt, m., interest.
intérieur, m., inside, interior; à P — , inside ; ministre de P — , secretary of state.
intérieurement, inwardly, in one's mind, heart.
intermédiaire, m., médium; par P — , through the médium.
interminable, endless, interminable.
interroger, to question, ask, interrogate.
interrompre, to interrupt.
interrompre (s'), to interrupt oneself.
interruption, /., interruption.
intraitable, ungovernable, untractable.
intrépidité,/, intrepidity.
introduire, to introduce.
inondation,/, inundation, flood.
invariable, invariable, unchangeable.
invasion,/, invasion.
inventaire, m., inventory.
inventer, to invent.
invention,/, invention.
invisible, invisible.
ira, see aller. [mation.
irritation, /., irritation, inflam-
irriter, to irritate, anger.
isolé -e, lonely, isolated.
Italie,/, Italy.
ivresse,/., intoxication.
jadis, formerly.
jaguar, m., jaguar.
VOCABULARY
jaillir, to gush out, spout out.
jalon, m., stake.
jamais, ever, never; ne . . . — ,
never.
jambe, /., leg; retrouver ses
— s, to be able to walk. janvier, m., January.
jardin, /«., garden, public gar-
den, park.
jardinier, m., gardener.
jaunir, to make yellow.
Jean, m., John.
Jérusalem,/., Jérusalem.
Jésus, m., Jésus.
jet, m., jet; — d?eau, fountain.
jeter, to throw, cast, throw
down.
jeter (se), to throw oneself,
empty (of rivers).
jeu, m., game, play.
jeune, young.
jeunesse,/, youth.
joie,/, joy; transporter de —,
to be transported with joy.
joindre, to join, add, clasp (of
hands).
joint -e, clasped.
joli -e, pretty.
joliment^ well, prettily.
jonc, m., rééd.
jouer, to play.
joug, m., yoke.
jouir, to enjoy.
jour, m., day, daylight; en plein
— , in broad daylight ; donner
le — , to give birth ; tous les
— 'S, every day.
journée, /, day; c'était une
belle — , it was a fine day.
joyeusement, joyously.
joyeu-x -se, cheerful, joyful.
juge, m., judge. juger, to judge.
jui-f -ve, Jew.
Julien, m., Julian.
jument,/, mare, jurer, to swear. . [lawyer.
jurisconsulte, m., jurisconsult,
jusque, to, up to, until, even to ; — dans, as far as; jusqu'à, as far as, as many as, even; jusqu'en, even in; — là, so far; jusqu'à ce que, until.
juste, just, exactly; équitable; tout — , exactly.
justement, exactly.
justice,/, justice; palais de — , court-house.
kilogramme, m., kilogram(about
two pounds).
kilomètre, m., about three-fifths
of a mile.
la, the, her, it.
là, there; — bas, over there;
par — , thereabout, in that
direction.
laborieusement, laboriously.
laborieu-x -se, industrious, la-
borious.
laboureur, ;/z., plowman, farm-
hand.
lac, m., lake.
lâchement, cowardly.
là-dessous, hère under, there
under.
laid -e, ugly, homely.
lainage, ;;/., woolen stuff.
laine,/, wool.
laisser, to leave, let, give, leave
alone.
laisser (se), to let oneself, allow
oneself.
lait, ni. , milk.
laiterie,/, dairy-room.
lame, /., sheet (of iron), wave,
billow.
lampe,/, light, lamp.
lance,/, spear, lance.
lancer, to dart, shoot, throw.
lancer (se), to dart, spring.
VOCABULARY
langue,/., tongue, language.
languir, to pine, languish.
lanterne,/., lantern.
lard, m., bacon.
large, m., breadth; au — , in
the open sea.
largement, widely, broadly.
larme,/, tear; ému jusqu'aux
— s, moved to tears. las -se, tired.
lasser (se), to tire, get tired.
laurier, m., laurel.
lave,/, lava.
laver, to wash.
laver (se), to wash oneself.
le, the, him, it.
leçon,/, lesson.
lect-eur -rice, reader.
lecture,/., reading.
lég-er -ère, light, slight, weak.
légèrement, lightly, nimbly.
légion,/, légion.
législateur, m., legislator, law-
maker.
législati-f -ve, législative ; Corps
— , the House of Deputies.
légume, m., vegetable.
légumineu-x -se, leguminous.
len'demain, ;;/., the next day.
lent -e, slow.
lentement, slowly.
lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles, whom, which.
les, the, them.
lestement, quickly.
lettre,/, letter.
leur, them, to them.
leur -s, their.
levant, rising.
lever, to raise.
lever (se), to rise.
lèvre,/, lip.
liasse,/, bundle, roll.
libérer (se), to be liberated,
freed.
liberté,/, freedom, liberty.
lieu, m.y place, village; au — de,
instead of; avoir — , to take
place; tenir — , to take the
place. [miles).
lieue, /., league (about three ligne,/, line.
lime,/, file.
limer, to file.
limite,/, limit, bound.
limon, ;/£., slime, ooze.
lin, m.) flax.
linge, m., linen.
lion, m., lion.
lire, to read.
lit, m., bed; grand — , double
bed; se mettre au — , to go
to bed.
litre, m., litre (about a quart), livre,/, franc, pound.
