II. — Ulysse chez les Cyclopes
1 Ulysseus, in Greek Odysseus,
one of the principal heroes in the Trojan War. His adventures after the destruction of Troy form the subject of Homer's Odyssey. After many wanderings he sailed to the we-tem coast of Sicily, where with twelve companions he entered the cave of the Cyclops Polyphemus, See Clas>ical Dictionary.
Cyclope, Cyclops. Homer speaks of them as a gigantic and lawless race of shepherds in Sicily, who devoured human beings and cared naught for Zeus (Jupiter) ; each of them had only one eye in the centre of the forehead. See Cla-sical Dictionary.
2 hisser, to hnst la voile, the sail
(le voile, the veil) s'éloigner, to go away, leave
3 près de, near
4 labourer, to plough les gens, the people
la terre, the earth, ground
5 l'abondance, £, the abund-
ance cnltiver, to cultivcUe
Line p. ,0.
5 la vigne, the vine
Names of trees and shrubs are generally masc. ; la vigne is one of the few exceptions
6 l'orge, f. the barley le froment, the wheat vivent, Pr. of vivre, to live l'antre, m. the cave, den
7 la montagne, the mountain tiennent, 3rd p. pi. Pr. of
tenir, to hold l'assemblée, f., the assembly,
meeting aucun, -e, no, none la loi, the law
8 jeter, to cast, {to throw) l'ancre, f. the anchor
9 boisé, -e, wooded, woody le rocher, the rock
garnir de, to cover {to stock) with
10 voyions, Impf. of voir, to
see au loin, in the distanc.
monter, to rise la fumée, the smoke
11 l'air, m. the air
le mouton, the sheep, mut/on
12 la chèvre, the goat
le repas, the repast, meal 12 se coucher, to lie duwn, to go to bed
15 quel, pi. quels, ivho, what
kind
16 habiter, to inhabit
17 atteignîmes, I'ret. of attein-
dre (atteignant, atteint ; j'atteins, atteignis), to reach.
See II. § II, (^ vîmes, Prêt, of voir, to see
18 haut, -e, high
la caverne, the cavern, cave,
den circulaire, circular ombragé, -e, shaded le laurier, the laurel se trouver, to be found
19 l'extérieur, m. the exterior,
outside
20 eiitou.Ter de, to surround with
Line p. jo.
20 la paroi, the wall ^, partition) cacher, to hide l'anse, f. the creek {handle) s'acheminer, to turn ones steps to
23 les vivres, m. victuals ainsi que, as well as l'outre, f. the leather bottle le don, the gift
N.B. — Nouns in apposition are generally used without article
24 le prêtre, the priest "Auquel j'avais sauvé la
vie," idiomatic, turn in English construction = dont (la) vie j'avais sauvé le sac, the sacking, pillage
25 Ismare, Ismara, an ancient
town in Thrace délicieu-x, -se, delicious
26 laisser, to leave, to let alone y goûter, to taste of
pris. Prêt, of prendre, to take
27 pressentir, to have a pre-
sentiment, to foresee pourrais, Pr. Cond. of pouvoir, might rencontrer, to meet [with) quelque, some
28 sauvagre, savage, wild méconnaissant, Pr. P. of
méconnaître, to ignore naturel, -le, natural
29 divin, -e, divine
31 le tour, the turn, circuit
faire le tour de, to go
round
(la tour, the tower)
32 la demeure, the dwelling admirer, to admire l'ordre, m. the order régner, to reigti, prevail vaste, vast, extensive
33 remplir de, to fill with I'agrneau, m. the lamb
34 l'âge, m. the age
(quel âge avez-vous, how old are j'ou) le sexe, the sex
Line p. la
33 autour, around
la corbeille, the basket
34 contenant, Pr. P. of con-
tenir, to contain
35 le fromage, the cheese le sol, the soil, g>-ound le vase, the vase, jar
(la vase, the slime, mud)
36 le lait, the milk
la crème, the cream
37 exhorter, to exhort
39 gagner le large, /(7J/a«(/(^if^) out to sea le lieu, the place (la lieue, the league)
Page II.
1 obtenir, to obtain l'hospitalité, f. the hospitality.
In ancient Greece the stranger, as such, was looked upon as an enemy ; but whenever he appeared among another tribe or nation without any sign of hostile intentions, he was considered not only as one who required aid but as a suppliant. On his aixival, therefore, the stranger was kindly received, and provided with everything necessary to make him comfortable. See Classical Dictionary en l'attendant, whilst wailing for him
2 fîmes. Prêt, of faire, to
make offrîmes le feu, I'ret. of offrir, to offer Sacrifices or offerings formed the chief part of the wor.shi]j of the ancients. They were partly signs of gratitude, jxirtly a means of propitiating the gods, and partly also intended to induce the deity to bestow some favoui
NOTES AND VOCABULARY.— ULYSSE
Line p. n.
upon the sacrificer or upon those on whose behalf the sacrifice was offered 3 le monstre, the monster l'aspect, m. the aspect, sight l'effroi, m. terror la charge, tlu load, burden
5 il se fit un si grrand bruit,
there vjas stick a ncisc enfuîmes, Prêt, of s'enfuir, ijfce
6 effrayer, to frighten la brebis, the ezve
S énorme, enormous, huge l'attelage, m. the team n'auraient pu, Cond. Past, o:' pouvoir, could not have traîner, to drag
9 augmenter, to increase de près, near, close
10 le géant, the giant
la taille, the figure, build,
size [waist) étonnant, astonishing l'oeil, pi. les yeux, the eye le front, the forehead
11 s'assit, Prêt, of s'asseoir,
(s'asseyant, assis; je m'assieds, je m'assis, Fut. je m'assiérai), to sit do^cvn.
See IL § lo {e) traire, ta iiiilk
12 le panier, the basket tresser, to plait
14 allumer, to kitidle, to light la clarté, the light la flamme, the flame
16 l'étranger, m., the stranger &fiToya.h\e , frightful
1 7 faire le commerce, to cany
on trade, to trade
18 ou bien, or perhaps
19 trembler, to tremble néanmoins, nevertheless
20 le Grec, f. Grecque, the
Greek, Grecian la tempête, the tempest, storm
21 la côte, the coast
(le côté, the side) Troie, f., Troy
Line p. II.
22 embrasser, to embrace
23 exiger, to require, to demand
24 crains, Imjier. of craindre,
to fear, to dread souviens-toi, Imper. of se souvenir, remember
25 le défenseur, the defender
26 le fou, f. folle, madman [off bien loin, very far, a longway puisque, since. See p. "], 1. 4
27 autrement, othcnoisc, else saurais, Cond. of savoir, to
knovj
28 se soucier de, to care for si... ne, unless
29 la volonté, the will porter à, to incline to, dispose
toiuards épargner, to save, spare
30 amener, to bring
31 remarquer, to notice le piège, the snare tendre, to lay, to stretch
32 repartir, to say in reply
(répartir, to divide, to distribute)
tromper, to deceive
Neptune, called Poseidon by the Greeks. Neptunus was the chief marine divinity of the Romans
détruit, P. P. of détruire, to destroy. See p. 3, 1. 31
34 échapper, to escape
à peine, scarcely, hardly. See
35 empoigner, to seize, grasp,
clutch, from poing, fist
37 la cervelle, the brain
jaillir, to burst [gush) forth de tous côtés, on all sides,
all round [ghost
rendre l'âme, to give up the
38 mettre en pièces, to tear {to
cut) to pieces préparer, to prepare la chair, the fiesh puis, then
39 l'avidité, f. the avidity, greed
40 les entrailles, f the entrails l'os, m. the bone
Line p. IX.*
41 aflfreu-x, s%, frightful
fondre en larmes, to melt into tears
implorer, to implore
Page 12.
1 la panse, the paunch, belly liumain, -e, hunian
2 avoir envie de, to have a
mind
3 courageusement, courage-
ously, boldly ' lui passer mon glaive au travers du corps,' idiomatic expression for ' passer mon glaive au travers de son corps ' \sword
le glaive, poetical term for au travers de, through
4 la pensée, the thought retint, Prêt, of retenir, to
keep back, detain, restrain, check n'aurions pu, Cond. of pouvoir, could not have
5 l'entrée, f. the entrance
6 * le combat eût-il fini,' in-
verted construction for ' si le combat eût (avait) fini' l'avantage, m. the advantage misérablement, miserably
7 lamentable, wretched
9 de nouveau, again, oicemore
10 son repas achevé, Nomi-
native absolute construction, corresponding to the Latin Ablative absolute ôter, to take away
1 1 servir de, to serve for (aj) dehors, outside
12 refermer, to shut again facilement, easily remettre, to put on again le couvercle, the lid, cap
13 le carquois, the helmet
14 le sifflement, whistling aigu, f. aiguë, sharp, shrill
15 \e ■pr'xBOira.ier , the prisoner
Line p. 12.
16 fait, -e, made
le tronc, the trunk
17 l'olivier, m., olive-tree ; from
olive. See p. i, 1. 4 la massue, the club
18 le mât, !he mast
le morceau, the 7norsel, bit , from mordre, to bite, as bit comes from to hite
19 'je le fis dégrossir,' 1
ordered it to be roughed out , or, / had it roughed out.
See also 1. 18 affûter, to sharpen
20 le bout, the end
je le fis durcir. See I. 19
durcir, to harden
l'arme, f., the arm, weapon
21 le fumier, the dung
dont, -with "which ; literally of which, because it depends on * remplir de ' \lol
tirer au sort, to draw lots, by
22 savoir, to know lequel, who, which enfoncer, to drive in le pieu, the stake
23 le sommeil, the sleep le sort, the lot, fate
(la sorte, the sort) choisir, to choose
27 le camarade, the comrade s'approcher de, to approach
28 présenter, to offer
la coupe, the cup, goblet tiens, luiper. of tenir, to take, here hold
29 bois. Imper, of boire
(Inivant, bu; je bois, bus), le drink. See II. § 11, (b) verras, Fut. of voir, to see précieuse, fern, of précieuH, precious
30 la boisson, the drink, bcz'er-
age
31 IdilibsXion., the lil)ation
Sacrifices were usually accompanied Ijy libation-;, a.s wine was poured upon theni.
Such libations always accompanied a sacrifice which
NOTKS AM) VOC.\HL'L.\K\ .~L'L^ SSI.
Line P- '2-
wns offered in concluding a treaty with a foreign nation.
But libations were also made independent of other sacrifice<, as in solemn prayers and on many other occasions of public and private life, as before drinking at meals, and the like. LibatioiL-; consisted of unmixed wine, but sometimes also of milk, honey, and other fluids, either pure or diluted with water. See Dictionary of Antiquities
3 1 la prière, the prayer
32 te conduis. Pr. of se con-
duire, to behave la cruauté, tlu cruelty indisrne, txtizuorthy, shocking désormais, henceforth
33 inhumain, -e, inhuman
34 envers, tcnvards
prit. Prêt, of prendre, to take but. Prêt, of boire, to diink.
See 1. 29 les délices, f. in pi. ; m. in
the ^ing., delight
35 encore une fois, once more
36 le nom, the name
fasse. Près. Subj. of faire, to make. See p. 8, 1. i 3S l'insensé, the madman vider, to empty, drain sur le point de, on the point
of
40 apprendre, to learn done, then
s'appeler, to be called personne, f. if used as noun,
m. if u.sed as pronoun, nobody
41 'c'est ainsi que m'ont
nommé.' See Introd.
maintenant, tiovj promis, P. P. of promettre,
tv promise
^'^i'-f 13- Line
2 c'est là, instead of cela est,
that is disant, Pr. P. of dire, to say
3 tomber à la renverse, to
fall on one^s back {laugh
riant, Pr. P. of rire, to
4 le cou, the neck replier, to coil up l'épaule, f., the shoulder étirer, to stretch out
le membre, the limb {member) puissant, powerful, mighty
5 la gorge, the throat 'sortent des flots.' See
Introd., p. X. (i) le flot, m., the stream, flood
6 tirer, to draw out
7 la pointe, the point brûler, to burn s'enflammer, to catch fire, to
blaze tip
10 je l'y fais tourner, I caused
it to be turned round in it ; II. Ex. 52 (2)
11 embrasé, -e, burning, on
fire, blazing la paupière, the eyelid le sourcil (1 not pronounced),
the eyebrow
12 noyer, lit. to drown [smith
13 le forgeron, smith, blackplonger, to plunge
le fer, the iron siffler, to hiss, to whizz
14 le rugissement, the roaring
15 épouvantable, dreadful retentir, to resound
la profondeur, the depth
16 quant à, as for
17 arracher, to pull out
iS dégoutter, to drip, to trickle l'éclat, m., the burst la rage, f., the rage [hood
20 le voisinage, the neighbour-
21 entourer, to surround
22 ' que t'est-il arrivé? ' what
has happened to thee ?
rugir, to roar de la sorte, in this ?na)iner,
thus
ti6
Line p. 13.
23 t'a - t - on fait quelque
mal? '
French sentences with on for their Subj. are often best rendered in English by the Passive voice : as, on m'a dit, / have been iold
24 la ruse, the cunning, craft attentera, to make an atte7}ipt
on, to attempt
26 là-dessus, thereupon répliquer, to reply
27 maux, pi. of mal, the evil n'y pouvoir rien, not to he
able to help it
28 adresse-toi, Imper. of s'a-
dresser à, to apply to
29 ' ils dirent,' so they said s'en allèrent, Piet. of s'en
aller, to go a^vay se réjouir de, to rejoice at
30 l'erreur, f., the error, the
?ni stake
' où les avait rais le nom,' info which the fiame had led them ; cf. p. x. (l)
imaginer, to imagine, invent
31 la douleur, the pain
32 atteindre, to reach, get at quoique, followed by a Subj.,
although. See II. Ex. 16 aveugle, blind
33 à demi, half
34 étendre, to stretch out le bras, the arm
3'; le fou, f. folle, the madman 36 méditer sur, to ponder over le moyen, the means
38 le bélier, the ratn la laine, the wool
la branclie, the branch, bough
39 l'osier, m., osier
le monceau, the heap en, 7vith it. See I. Ex. 42
40 lier, to tie ensemble, togetha
trois par trois, three and three together
41 Bolideraent, solidly, frmly attacher, to bind, to fasten
Line P- 13.
42 tâter, to feel (with the hand)
soigneusement, carefully
le dos, the back
Page 14.
I s'apercevoir de, to become
a-vare of 3 se cramponner, to cling haletant, panting aller, to be about to
6 sors. Près, of sortir, logo out jamais... ne, never
7 fussent, Imperf. Subj. of
être, to be. For the use of the Subj. after souffert que. See II. Ex. 12
8 la prairie, the meadow
9 l'herbe, f., the grass, herb tendre, tender, soft apaiser, to appease, to quench,
to slake 10 le retour, the return
conduisais, Imperf. of conduire, to lead
II affliger, to afflict
' qu'a aveuglé ce méchant homme.' For this inversion, see Introd., p. x. (l) aveugler, to blind 12 méchant, -e, wicked certainement, certainly
14 voler, to fy dispersée, scattered
15 le cœur, the heart soulagé, relieved
' que m'a faits ce scélérat.' Inverted construction. Sec Introd., p. X. (i)
scélérat, scoundrel, villain
16 là-dessus, thereu/on entraîner, to drag away
19 délier, to untie, to unfasten
20 le délai, the delay
le détour, the roundabout way 22 accueillir, to welcome
pleurer, to lament, to bewail
24 mutuellement, mutually
25 prendre le large, to stand oj
to sea
NOTES AND VOCABULARY.— ULYSSE
Lin
tandis qne, whilst
à la portée, within reach
la parole, the words
mortifiant, mortifying
coquin, -e, rascal
le salaire, the rcd'ard, meed
la méchanceté, the wickedness
furieu-x, -se, furious
détacher, to loosen
le sommet, the summit, top
* il s'en fallut de peu que la pierre ne brisât,' the rudder was nearly smashed, lit. it wanted but little that
le gouvernail, pi. gouvernails, the rudder
la vague, the wave, billoiv
le mouvement, the motion
repousser, to drive back
réussir k,tosucceedin, manage (succéder, to be the successor)
rendre à. ..sa première direction, to steer for the same point again
reprendre le large, to stand off to sea again
se relever, to rise again
tâcher de, to try, to endeavour
craignaient que... ne, Impf.
of craindre, to fear lest
même là, evett there
pût J for the Subj. after craindre que ne, see II.
Ex. 14
nuire, to harm, to hurt
à haute voix, loud, with a loud voice
questionner, to question, ask
la perte, the loss
le destructeur de villes, the toivn-destroyer, the name given him by Ilomcr ; it was he who devised the stratagem of the wooden horse, and thus contributed to the destruction of Troy.
I^inc ,,. ,4.
42 Ithaque, Ithaca, a small island in the Ionian Sea, off the coast of Epirus.
Page 15.
1 redoubler, to redouble
2 s'accomplir, to be accom-
plished ancien, -ne, ancient, old le voyant, the seer, soothsayer annoncer, to announce
4 crus, Prêt, of croire, to
believe depuis lors, since then il, here impersonal
5 de haute taille, stalwart il se trouve, it turns out
6 un être de rien, a mere no-
hody qui me fait perdre le sens dans le vin, ivho vimldlrs my brains 'with wine; cf.
