Of the goods of the earth man has not merely

the use, like the brute creation, but he hasalso the right of permanent proprietorship—and not merely of those things whieh are consumed by use, but also of those which are not consumed by use. (Eney. Rerum Novarum).

5 The right of private property, the fruit of labor or industry or of cession or donation by others is an incontrovertible natural right ; and everybody can dispose reasonably of such property as he thinks fit.— (Ency. Cerum Novarum.)

6. To heal the breach between the rich and the poor it is necessary to distinguish between justice and charity. There ean be no claim for redress, except when

justice is violated. ( Eney. Rerum Novarum.)

7. The following are obligations of justice binding on the proletariat and the working man: To perforin fully and faithfully the work which has been freely and according to equity agreed upon ; not to enjure the property or outrage the person of masters; even in the defense of their own rights, to abstain from aets of violence, and never to make mutiny of their defense.— (Eney. Rerum Novarum.)

8. The following are obligations of justice binding on eapitalists : To pay just wages to their workmen ; not to enjure their just savings by violence or fraud or by overt or covert usuries ; not to expose then to corrupting seduetions and danger of scandal, not to alienate them from the spirit of family life and from love of economy ; not to impose on them labor beyond their strength, or unsuitable for their age or sex.— Ency. Rerum Novarum.