Qui nescit dissimulare, nescit regnare. A

remark made by Louis XI in regard to his son's education. Louis said that if his son (Charles VIII) could understand this phrase he would have all the knowledge necessary for a prince.

15. huguenot. An alteration by popular etymology of the German eidgenossen ('confederate') due to confusion with the name Hugues. The Dictionnaire general quotes from 1550 the spelling eiguenots.

213. — II. la guerre des Pays-Bas. The Low Countries belonged at this time to Spain; there was, however, the greatest opposition to the Spanish tyranny. The leader of the Dutch (William of Orange) was finally made stadtholder of the Republic in 1579 (see also introductory note to p. 180).

214. — 3. retrouvoit — 13. Estât. Old forms for retrouvait and État. The Estât de la France gives the Protestant account of the massacre.

215. — Subtitle. Les Calas, etc. After Henri IV came to the throne the religious toleration increased; in 1598 the edict of Nantes authorized the practice of Calvinism except at court and in Paris. Four universities were given to the Protestants, they were represented in the parliaments, they secured certain strongholds, etc. These concessions were gradually taken from the Protestants in the seventeenth century and they were subjected to persecution, especially under Louis XIV, who revoked the edict of Nantes in 1685. This revocation resulted in driving many Protestants from the country.

T. les parlements. See note to p. 14, 1. 27.

219. — 18. le Caton de Plutarque. That is, the life of Cato in Plutarch's Lives. — tel chapitre de Montaigne. The

chapter in which suicide is discussed. Essais, book 2, chapter 3 {coutume de l'île de Cea). — ig. le monologue d'Hamlet — "To be or not to be, etc." Hamlet, act III, scene i.