RE" | LS
lovely. It is the reason which abliges us not to use the article.
D ce os D | PEER
But if the signification is limited, the article ought to be used.
Ex.: The virtue of this man is remarkable.
La vertu de cet ho nme est remarquable
Here I easily understand that it is not question of
virtue in general, but of the virtue practiced by a particular individual. Hence, the use of the article.
20 Proper nouns of countries do not take the article Ex.: Asia, America, Canada, France.
L'Asie, l'Amérique, le Canada, la France.
30 Abstract nouns taken in general \o not take it.
Ex. : Glory, virtue, wisdom, kindness. La gloire, la vertu, la sagesse, la bonté.
40 Proper nouns preceded. by 1he words Æing, Queen, colonel, cape, lake, mount, etc.
Ex : King Elward, le roi Edouard.
Queen Alexandra, la reine Alexandra.
Colonel Baden, le colonel Baden.
Cape Tourmente, le cap Tourmente.
Lake St. John, le lac St-Jean.
Mount Aetna, le mont Etna.
5o Nouns used to represent seas, rivers, mountains, islands take the :"ticle,
ET
hs
Ex. : The Mediterranean Soa, | | La Méditerrannée, | The Saint Lawrence. i|
Le St-Laurent, À
The Laurentides,
Les Laurentides. 1
The Magdalen Islande, ï
Les Iles de la Madeleine
he rule given under No, 4, suffers one except that is when the generic term or the title is accompanied by an adjective or followed by the preposition of.
Ex. : The good King Edward, Le bon roi Edouard.
The Queen of England, La Reine d'Angleterre, The brave Colonel de Salaberry, Le brave colone de Salaberry.
To Adjectives taken as nouns to represent the people of a country, the members of a religious congregation, of a sec etc.... take the article.
The French, The inglish, Les Français, Les Anglais, + The Dominicans, 4 Les Dominicains, The Presbyterians, Les Presbytériens.
80 Singular nouns representing a species take the article,
Ex.: The dog is the friend of man.
Le chien est l'ami de l'homme.
Vocabulaire.
To limit, déterminer. To note, remarquer.
‘Meaning, signifieation. Toaccompany, accompagner. Quite, tout à fait. To represent, représenter. To follow, suivre. Congregation, société.
Exercice.
La modestie est une vertu qui est toujours aimable et toujours aimée. Le roi Alexandre fut un grand conquérant. Les Montagnes Rocheuses (Rocky Mountains) et les Laurentides sont dans l'Amérique du No:d (North). Estimez la vertu, pratiqnez-la et vous serez heureux. Nous counaissons la bonté du Seigneur, c’est pourquoi nots l’aimons. Le cheval est un animal utile à l'homme. Le chat est l'ennemi des souris, Les hommes vertueux 8out estimés de tout le monde. L'agriculture est très utile, elle est même (even) nécessaire ; elle nous procure les aliments qui soutiennent nos forces et entretiennent notre santé. Aimons l'agriculteur, salnons-le (to haïil) comme le bienfaiteur de l'humanité. Prions pour la France, notre malheureuse mère-patrie (mother-country); demandons à Dieu de nous préserver des (from) malheurs qui lui arrivent.
Version Drunkenness is a vile and detestable passion. We cannot take too many precautions to preserve our-
selves fromit. Consider how unhappy the drunkard is. Heis a vile slave completely mastered by his degrading passion. He sométimes would like 10 get 1id of it, but he is not strong enough, he has no energy, and soon he aguin falls a prey to his detestable inclination for intoxicating drinks. Children, whilst you are young, muke à sincere resolution ; promise that you will never drink any spirituous liquors. If you do so, you will éertainly be exempt from that vice; if you do not, you will probably be like so many other miserable men who for not mukiny wood resolutions have become the slaves of that terrible passion.
Questions
What do you think of drunkenness ?
What must we do to be preserved from it ?
Is the drankard happy ?
What kind of 4 munis he ?
Does he Like his passios ?
Why does he not leave it ?
What must children do ?
What will hbappen if they make good resolutions ? What if they do not ?
French articles ‘‘ du, de la, des.”
The French words du, de la, des, may be taken in à partitive meaning, that is to express à part of something; in such cases, they are translated by some Or any.
Some is used in affirmative sentences, or in those sentences which are negative ard interrogative at once.
Ex. : I want some fruits, Je veux des fruits, Have you not some books ?
N'avez-vous pas de livres ?
Any is used:
10 In negative sentences.
Ex. : I do not want any bread. Je n'ai pas besoin de puin.
20 In interrogative sentences.
Ex. : Do you want any meat ?
Voulez-vous de la viande ?
30 In dubitative sentences.
Ex. : If I had any friends, I would be better. Si j'avais des mis je serais mieux.
N.B. The foregoing distinctinn is not quite general, you willsee, in the complete grammar, 80m rules by which the use of some and any is modified, Anyhow, for the present time, the pupil wilt do well in following the rules given here,
Vocabulary Any how, dans tous les cas To lose, perdre.
Partitive, partitif. To keep, garder.
Foregoing, précédent. To preserve, préserver. At once, à la fois. To hail, saluer.
Exercice Nous avions des amis que nous aimions, nous les
avons perdus. Lu mort les a enlevés de ce monde. Si uous avions des fruits, nous serions contents de vous en (quelques-uns) donner. Cet homme n’a pas d'amis, il est malheureux. Voulez-vous du vin ? Merci, je le crains trop (too much), il vaut (is) mieux ne pas (not to) prendre de vin sans nécessité. N'avezvous pas de connaissances (acquaintance) parmi tous ces jeunes gens ? J’(Æn) ai quelques-unes, Avez-vous des plumes à ({o) nous prêter? Nous en avons, mais nous les gardons pour nous. Qua 1 vous voyez des hommes sobres, religieux et vertueux, tâchez de gagner leur amitié, ils vous seront toujours utiles,
N.B. As noted before, the pupils will draw great profit from the study of the exercises, after translutingthem.
Version
You ought to avoid the company of bad men. they are always dangerous, and they wiil make you wicked like them. £ may live without friends; s0 [ do not want any, especially if they are wicked, Never drink any liquor, you wiil not become accustomed to it. [f we had any fruits, we would kindly give you sonne; but, as we huve none, we cannot give you any. You will never be able to tind men having no idea of God. God is the creator of all men, and aii men nuturuliy ackaowiedge the existenco of x supreme being on which they depende This is the testimony of the soul, which, as à writer says, is nuturally christian,
Indefinite article à or an À is the only indefinite article used in English. A is changed into an when the following worû begins with a vowel or « silent h.
Ex.: An hour, une heure.
An elf, un lutin.
An abbot, un abbé.
À is used before consonant sounds.
Ex.: A boy, uñ garçon.
A unit, une unité.
A history, une histoire.
N.B. 1o À consonant Sound is the one which is formed by a consonant, or by À sourded, or by x vowel having the force of a consonant,
Thus, in the word unit, u is long, the word is pronounced like a word beginning with a consonant. In fact, unit must be pronounced gquiounite.
H when sounded has the force of a consonant.
Ex.: A house, une Maison.
A hero, un héros 20 H silent ( l’ A muette) is equivalent to a vowel, hen: > we say:
Ex. : An honour, un honneur.
An honest man, un homme honnête.
Obs. The À is silent in the following words :
Heir, héritier, Hour, heure.
Honest, honnête. Honesty, honneteté.
Honorary, honoraire. Honourable, honor able.
Honour, honneur, Humour, * humeur.
Hostler, garçon d'écurie.
es (Ds bnd © 4
