livre,/., pound
livrer, to surrender; livra {past def.)y fought ; livré, -e {p. p.)y surrendered; — un combat, to fight a battle.
Lodi, a city in Italy, scène of Bonaparte's victory, 1796.
loin, far, far away; plus — , farther away; très — , very far away; — de, far from.
loisir, m, y leisure.
long, -ue, long, great.
longtemps, long, a long time.
longuement, a long time.
lorrain, -e, (of) Lorraine.
Lorraine, a former province of France, ceded to Germany in 1871.
lors, then ; dès — , from that time on.
lorsque, when.
Louis XIV, one of the greatest French kings, during whose reign (1643-1715) Lorraine was annexed to France; — XV, King of France, 1 7 1 5- 1 7 74 ; — XVI, King of France, 1 774-1 793; — XVIII, King of France, 1815-1824.
louis d'or, m., louis d'or, a twenty-franc pièce.
lourd, -e, heavy.
Louvois, Minîster of War under Louis XIV.
Louvre, a great gaUery and muséum in Paris, formerly a palace of the kings.
lui, him, to him, at him, for him, he ; her, to her, for her.
lui-même, himself .
lumière, /., light.
lundi, tn.y Monday.
lune,/., moon.
lut (past def. o/lire), read, did read.
luthier, tn.y violin maker.
lutter, to fight, struggle, wrestle; luttait (itnp.).
fought) wrestled ; lutte {près. ind,), struggles, fights.
lycée, tn.y collège.
M. » monsieur.
ma, my.
machinalement, mechani-
cally.
madame,/., madam, Mrs.
Madeleine, /., Madeline,
Magdalene.
mademoiselle,/,, miss.
magasin, m.y store.
magique, magie.
magnifique, magnificent.
Mahomet, founder of the
Mohammedan religion.
mai, m.f May.
maigre, thîn.
main, /., hand; poignée de
— , handshake.
maintenant, now.
maintenir, to maîntain.
maire, m., mayor.
mairie,/., town hall.
mais, but.
maison, /., house, home; à
la — , home, at home.
maître, w., master; —
d'école, schoolmaster ; —
d'hôtel, butler.
maîtresse,/., mistress.
Majesté,/., Majesty.
mal, poorly, badly.
malade, adj.y sick.
malade, m., patient.
maladie, /., illness.
Malaga, a city in Spain noted for its wine.
malgré, in spite of.
malheur, m., misfortune.
malheureusement, unfortunately.
malheureu-x, -se, unhappy, unfortunate.
malheureux, m., unhappy man, unfortunate man.
maman, /., mamma.
manche, m., handle.
manger, to eat ; mange (près, ind.), eats; mangeaient (imp.)f were eating; mangeras (fut.), will eat.
manière,/., manner.
manque, /., breach.
manquer, /r., to miss; itUr., to be missing; manquait (imp.), was missing.
mansarde,/., attic.
manteau, m., cloak.
marche,/., march, walk, step; walking, marching.
marcher, to march, walk, go; marcha (past def.), marched, walked ; marchaient, marchait (ifnp.)y walked, did walk; marcherai, marcherons (/u/.), will (shaU) go; will (shaU) march ; marcha devant lui, marched straight ahead.
Marengo, a village in Italy, scène of a battle in which Napoléon defeated the âustrians, 1800.
Vocabulaire
mari, m., husband.
mariage, m.f marriage.
Marie Antoinette, wife of
Louis XVI.
Marie Thérèse, Ëmpress of
Austria.
marine,/., navy.
marinier, m. y bargeman.
marmite, /., pot.
marquer, to mark.
marquis, m.j marquis, marquise,/., marquise.
marteau, m., hammer.
martjrre,/., martyr.
matelot, m., sailor.
maternel, -le, maternai.
matière, /., material; table
des — s, table of contents.
matin, w., morning ; du — ,
in the morning.
matinal, -e, morning.
matinée, /., morning; pendant toute la — ^, during the
entire morning.
maudit, -e, cursed.
me, me, to me, myself.
méchant, -e, wicked, bad,
naughty.
médaille,/., medal.
médaillon, m., medallion.
médecin, m., doctor.
Méditerranée, /., Mediter-
ranean.
meilleur, -e, better, best.
meilleur, m., best.
mélancolie, /., melancholy,
sadness.
mêler, to mix; mêlé, -e (p.
p.), mixed.
même, adj,, same.
même, adv,y even ; quand — , just the same.
mémorable, mémorable.
menacer, to threaten.
mendiant, m., beggar.
mendier, to beg.
mener, to lead, take; mentent {imp.)y led; mèneraient {près, cond.), would take.
mentionner, to mention, name; mentionnez {imv,)y name.
menu, m,, menu.
mer, /., sea ; homme de —, sailor.
merci I thank you I
mère,/., mother.
mériter, to deserve.
merveille,/., wonder.
merveilleu-x, -se, marvelous.
mes, my.
message, m., message.
messager, m., messenger.
messe,/., mass ; — de minuit, midnight mass.
messieurs, m. pl.y gentlemen.
met {près. ind. of mettre), puts, puts on; — en liberté, sets free.
métier, m. y trade.
mets {près. ind. of mettre), put on.
mettre, to put, put on, wear ; mettait \împ.), put; mettant {près, part.) y putting; mettez {près. ind. and itnv.)y put on ; mettra {fut.),
will put, will put on, will wear; se — , to put one*s self.
meurent, meurs (près. ind. of mourir), are dying, die.
meurt {près. ind. of mourir), dies.
Mexique, m., Mexico; médaille de — , medal conferred for service in the war of French intervention in Mexico, 1862.
miaulement, m., mewing.
Michel, m., Michael.
midi, w., noon, twelve o'clock.
mienne : la — , mine.
mieux, better.
milieu, m., middle, midst; au — de, in the middle of .
militaire, military.
mille, thousand.
mille, m,y mile.
mine,/., appearance.
ministère, w., administrative building, ofl&ce.
ministre, w., minister.
minuit, w., midnight.
minute, y., minute.
miracle, m., miracle.
mis {past def. of mettre), put.
misérable, adj.j misérable.
misérable, m., wretch.
mission, /., mission.
mit {past def. of mettre), put, put on; se — , put himself.
M^® « mademoiselle.
modèle, m., model.
moderne, modem.
moi, I, me, to me; used to
emphasize je.
moi-même, myself.
moineau, m,y sparrow.
moins, less.
mois, m.., month.
moment, m.y moment, time;
par — s, at times.
mon, my.
monde, m., world; tout le
— , everybody.
monsieur, m., gentleman, sir,
Mr.
montagne,/., mountain.
monter, to mount, climb up,
go up, arise, get in ; monta
(past def.), went, climbed
up, mounted, got in, arose ;
monte {près, ind.), mount ;
monté, -e {p. p.), mounted ;
monta sur, ascended.
Montmartre, a section of
Paris, montrer, to show, indicate;
montrant {près, part.),
showing ; montre {près.
ind.), show; montré, -e
{p. p.), indicated.
morceau, m., pièce, mordre, to bite ; mord {près.
tW.),bites; çamord,there*s
a bite.
morne, sad.
mort, -e, adj., dead.
mort, -e {p. p. of mourir),
dead; est — , died; était
— , had died.
mort, m., dead man, dead
Vocabulaire
person ; les — s, the dead ;
son cher — , her dear dead
husband.
mort,/., death.
mortellement, mortally.
mot, m., Word, moache, /., fly.
mourir, to die; mouraient
{imp.)y died; mourra (fut.),
will die; mourrait {près.
cond.), would die; mourut
(past def.)f died.
moustache,/., mustache.
mouton, m,t sheep.
mouvement, m. y movement.
mo^en, m., means; — quelconque, some means or
other.
muet, -te, silent.
mugir, to low, moo; mugit
(près, ind.), lows.
mugissement, m. y lowing, bel-
lowing.
multitude,/., multitude.
mur, m,y wall.
murmurer, to murmur.
muscle, m.y muscle, musique,/., music.
mystère, m.y mystery.
mystérieusement, mysteri-
ously.
mystérieu-z, -se, mysterious.
n* = ne.
nager, to swim.
nain, m., dwarf.
naissance, /., birth.
naître, to be bom.
naïvement, naïvely, simply.
Nantes, a city in Brittany, northwestern France.
Napoléon I*' ( « premier).
Napoléon I, Emperor of France, 1 804-1 81 5.
naquit (past def. of naître), was born.
nation, /., nation.
nationalité, /., natîonality.
naturel, -le, natural.
naturellement, naturally.
naufragé, -e, shîpwrecked.
naufragé, m.y shipwrecked man.
Navarre, an ancient kingdom of southern France.
ne, not, never; — ... jamais, never; — ... pas, not ; — ... plus, no more, no longer; — ... point, not at ail, no ; — . . . que, only; — ... rien, nothing.
né, -e (p. p. of naître), born.
nécessaire, necessary.
Necker, Minister of Finances under Louis XVI.
négociation, /., negotîation.
neiger, to snow; neigeait (imp.)y was snowing, Jiad been snowing.
nerveusement, nervously.
n'est-ce pas? do you not?
is it not? are you not?
will you not ?
neuf, nine.
neuf, neuve, new.
neveu« m., nephew.
nez, m,, nose ; rire au — , to laugh in one's face.
ni, neithcr, nor; — ... — (ne), neither . . . nor.
nique, /., sign of mockery; faire la — à, to scom.
noble, adj.j noble.
noble, m.f noble, nobleman.
Noël, m.j Christmas ; le petit — , the Christ-child, who brings the chiidren of France their gifts on Christmas Day; fêtes de — , Christmas holidays; cadeaux de — , Christmas gifts.
noir, -e, black.
nom, m.j name, noun.
nombre, m., number.
nommer, to name, appoint, call; nommé, -e (p. p.), named, appointed.
non, no, not.
nord, m., north.
Normandie, a province of northem France.
nos, our.
notable, m.y notable.
note, /., note.
noter, to note.
notre, adj.y our.
nôtre, pron.: les — ^s, ours.
nous, we, us, to us.
nouveau, nouvel, nouvelle, adj.y new, novel.
nouveau, o^v., newly, recently ; de — , again.
nouvelle, /., pièce of news, news; ^/., news.
novembre, m., November.
nu, -e, bare.
nuage, m,, cloud.
nuit, /., night.
ÔI ohl
obéir (à), to obey; obéi, -e {p. />.), obeyed.
obéissance, /., obédience.
objection,/., objection.
objet, w., object.
obliger, to oblige, compel; obligé, -e {p, p.) y obliged.
obscurité, /., darkness.
observer, to observe.
obstacle, m., obstacle.
obstinément, obstinately.
obtenir, to obtain, gain; obtient (près, ind.)y obtains; obtint (past def.), obtained, gained.
occasion, /., occasion, opportunîty.
occuper, to occupy; occupaient, occupait (imp.), were (was) occupying, occupied.
Océanie,/., Oceania.
octobre, m,, October.
odieu-x, -se, odious.
œil, m.f eye.
officier, m., officer.
offrir, to offer; offre (près, ind.), offers, does offer; offrit (past def,)^ offered.
ohl ohl
oie, /., goose; patte d* — , crow's-feet
Vocabulaire
oiseau, m,, bîrd.
olivier, m., olive tree.
Olivier, w., Oliver.
ombre,/., shadow.
on, one, some one, they, you ;
1* — , one, they.
oncle, m., uncle.
ont (près, ind. 0/ avoir), hâve,
hold ; — bataille, engage in
battle ; — peur, are af raid.
onze, eleven.
opposition, /., opposition, or, conj,, now, so.
or, tn.j gold.
orchestre, m. y orchestra, ordonnance, /., prescription.
ordonner, to order.
ordre, m.t order, command.
oreiller, m., pille w.
organiser, to organize, form;
organisait (imp,), were
forming; organisé, -e (p.
p,), organized.
orgueil, m., pride.
orient, m,, east.
origine, /., origin.
Orléans, Orléans, a city of
central France, on the
Loire, orner, to omament ; orné, -e
(p. p.)j ornamented.
orphelin, m., orphan.
oser, to dare; osa (past def.),
dared; oserait (près, cond.)^
would dare.
otage, m. y hostage.
ou, conj,, or.
où, adv,y where, when; d* — ,
whence.
oublier, to forget; oubliant (près, part,) y forgetting; oublie, oublies (près, ind,), do forget, forget; oublierait (près, cond,), would forget.
oui, yes.
ours, m,, bear.
outrage, m,, outrage, insuit.
outrager, to outrage, insuit; outragé, -e (p, p,), outraged.
ouverture, /., opening.
ouvrier, m,, workingman.
ouvrir, to open ; ouvre (près, ind,), opens ; ouvrirent, ouvrit (past def,), opened; ouvrirez (fut,), will open; s' — , to open; s'ouvrit (past def,), opened.
ovale, m,, oval.
page,/., page.
païen, m., pagan.
paille,/., straw; fusil de —, straw gun.
pain, tn.y bread.
pair, m., peer.
paix, /., peace.
palais, m,, palace.
Palais-Royal, a palace built for Cardinal Richelieu 1629- 1634, and later the résidence of the princes of Orléans.
pâle, pale.
palpiter, to palpitate, beat.
panache, m., plume.
panier, m,, basket.
IQO
pantin, m,, jumping- jack.
papa, m. y papa.
pape, m., pope.
Pâques, m.t £aster; lundi de — , Easter Monday.
paquet, m., package.
par, by, through, on ; — jour, a day; — moment, at times; — terre, on the floor, on the ground.
Paradis, w., Paradise.
parait {près. ind. of paraître), appears, seems.
paraître, to appear, seem.
parapet, m., parapet.
parce que, because.
par-dessus, prep.j above.
pardessus, m., overcoat.
pardon, m., pardon; — 1 pardon 1 I beg your pardon I
pareil, -le, such.
parent, m., parent.
parfait, -e, perfect.
Paris, the capital of France.
parisien, -ne, Parisian.
Parisien, m., Parisian.
parler, to speak, talk; parlaient, parlait (imp.), spoke, did speak, were (was) speaking; parle, parlons (près, ind. and imv.), speak, talk ; parlèrent (past def.), did speak; parlerez (fut.), will speak.
parmi, among.
parole, /., word.
partager, to divîde.
