I. 5. La Rochefoucauld, author of the "Maxims
II. 10, II. Mlle de Montpensier. Her marriage to Lauzun was the subject of one of Mme de Sévigné's best known letters.
Page 84. — Une 12. eût le pas, should hâve precedence.
Page 85. — Une 31. "Tartuffe." Public représentation of Molière's great play was forbidden for fîve years. Condé protected both Molière and Racine.
Page 87. — Une 30. la Hogue, one of the greatest naval victories of the English. Tourville engaged the fight against his judgment and by the direct order of Louis XIV.
Page 93. — Une 11. Turcaret. Le Sage, the author of "Gil Blas," wrote also a comedy, "Turcaret," in which he créâtes the type of the shrewd, coarse and insolent financier.
Page 95. — Une i. Charles-Edouard. The "Pretender" is a favorite character in novels and dramas. One of the most beautiful works in which he appears is " Les Jaeobites," by François Coppée.
Page 98. — Une 17. Turgot. It was Turgot who said of Franklin: " Eripuit cœlo fulmeriy sceptrumgue tyrannisa
Page 103. — Une 11. Invalides, an admirable building erected by Louis XIV as a home for old soldiers. The remains of Napoléon were buried there in 1840.
Page 105. — Une 10. biens nationaux. Paper money, called assignats, was issued, based on the value of the biens nationaux, The assignats soon depreciated and were worth very little.
Page 106. — Une 2. Panthéon. Président Camot was buried in the Panthéon, and the remains of Rousseau and Voltaire are there also. The monument bears the inscription: "Aux grands hommes la patrie reconnaissante."
Page 107. — Une 8. départements. France is divided at présent into 86 departments, including Corsica, and one territory, Belfort, saved from the department of Haut Rhin ceded to Germany in 1871.
Before the Révolution there were 33 provinces : la Guyenne-et-Gascogne, le Languedoc, la Bretagne, la Champagne, la Normandie, la Bourgogne, la Lorraine, la Provence, l'Orléanais, le Poitou, le Dauphiné, l'Ile-de- France, la Franche-Comté, le Berry, l'Auvergne, la Picardie, l'Angoumoiset-Saintonge, le Limousin, le Maine-et-Perche, l'Anjou, la Corse, le Bour-
igo Notes
bonnais, le Lyonnais, l'Alsace, la Touraine, le Béarn, le Nivernais, la Flandre, la Marche, l'Artois, le Comté de Foix, le Roussillon, le Comtat- Venaissin.
1. 13. jurandes et maîtrises, ^^ jurande was a jury charged with the care of the statutes and régulations of the guilds; the maîtrise was the position held by the master-workman, the head of the guild.
1. 25. Montagnards, name given to the Jacobins, because they sat on the highest seats in the assembly.
Page 111. — line 19. Vendée. The principal chiefs of the royalists were Lescure, Bouchamp, d'Elbée, Stofflet, Cathelineau, Larochejaquelein, and Charette.
Page 113. — line 16. Condorcet (1743-1794), a philosopher and mathematician. — Lavoisier (i 743-1 794), a great chemist.
1, 17. André Chénier (i 762-1 794), the only great French poet of the l8th century.
Page 114. — line 5. Hoche (i 768-1 799), the greatest gênerai of the Revolutionary period, a man of a humane and noble disposition.
Page 117. — Une 14. Joséphine (1763-1814). Shewasborn at Martinique and was the daughter of count Tascher de la Pagerie.
Page 120. — line 2. l'Institut. It is composed of fîve académies: l'Académie française, l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, l'Académie des Sciences, l'Académie des Beaux-Arts, l'Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques.
Page 124. — line 19. Pitt (i 759-1806), a great English minister, son of Wm. Pitt, Lord Chatham.
Page 125. — line 20. maréchaux de France. The marshals first appointed were Jourdan, Masséna, Augereau, Brune, Berthier, Lannes, Ney Murât, Bessière, Moncey, Mortier, Soult, Davout, and Bernadotte.
Page 129. — line 3. roi de Rome (1811-1832). The son of the great Emperor was brought up by his grandfather, the Emperor of Austria, and made by him duke of Reichstadt.
Page 131. — line 27. Cent Jours, March 20, 1815 to June 28.
Page 135. — line 19. Comte de Chambord (i 820-1 883), called Henri V by the royalists, a high-minded Pretender, who preferred his principles to a kingdom.
Page 137. — line 19. Hernani, a beautiful drama by Victor Hugo, played on February 25, 1830.
Notes 191
Page 138. — Unes 9, 10. ses fils. They were the duke d'Orléans, father of the Count de Paris and of the duke de Châtres; the duke de Nemours; the prince de Joinville; the duke d'Aumale; the duke de Montpensier.
Page 144. — Une 9. plébiscite. Among the Romans it was a decree submitted to the people for approval, a vote expressing the will of the entire nation.
Page 147. — Une 2. Cavour (1810-1861), one of the principal founders of Italian unity.
Page 149. — Une 16. Garibaldi (1807-1882), the conqueror of Sicily and Naples. He was born at Nice.
Page 153. — Une 23. HohenzoUern, the name of the royal house of Prussia.
Page 155. — Unes 21,22. Prince Royal de Prusse. He became the Emperor Frederick III of Germany and died shortly after his accession to the throne. He was a man of a noble disposition.
Page 156. — Une 7. Frédéric Charles, a distinguished Prussian gênerai, a nephew of Emperor William I.
Page 157. — Une 6. Gambetta (1838-1882), a celebrated orator and statesman.
Page 158. — Unes 18, 19. Faidherbe and Chanzy were the best gênerais of the French in the war of 1870.
Page 159. — Une 4. Thiers. The great historian and statesman was born at Marseilles in 1797 and died at Saint-Germain in 1877.
Page 160. — Une 26. Président de la République. Hereceivesasalary of 6oo,ocx) francs, 300,000 francs for traveling expenses, and 300,000 francs for incidental expenses.
Page 171. — Une 27. M. P. Foncin, a distinguished geographer, the principal founder of V Alliance française.
Page 180. — Une 13. la civilisation. Guizot has said (^Histoire de la Civilisation en Europe') : " Il n'est presque aucune grande idée, aucun grand principe de civilisation qui, pour se répandre partout, n'ait passé d'abord par la France."
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