povero, Italian, foorfeltow

4. filets tournants, revolving nets, Not mentioned in an 7 French dictionary or encyclopedia. Daudet doubtless refers hère to the curious fishing-machine described by Sir George Head in his Tour in Rome, vol. iii, p. 109. (London, 1849.) "A. curious description of Fishing Machine may be observed at work continually during the day close to both the bridges of S. Bartolomeo and of Quatro Capi (Le. near the Ponte Rotto). It consists of two hoop nets fixed at the two extremities of a long pôle, made to dip in the water as it revolves vertically by means of a transverse axle, one end of which rests upon the starling of the bridge and the other end upon the gunwale of a small boat moored close by for the purpose. As one net dips, and being carried under the water by the force of the current rises to the surface, a perpétuai, self-acting process is maintained by means of two short transverse arms fixed to the centre of the axle at right angles to the pôle, which arms being provided with a paddle at the extremity, dip alternately with the nets, and consequently acted upon by the force of the current, lift the nets a quarter of a circle above the surface one after another, which action being repeated by net and paddle at every quadrant, the nets dip and rise out of the water in continuai succession."

5. Ponte Rotto. Probably the ancient Pons Aemilius. In 1 598 a part of the bridge was carried away by a flood, hence the name Ponte Rotto (broken bridge). Today there is but one arch left in midstream, the two on the right bank having been destroyed in 1887. The old bridge is replaced by a new one Connecting the Piazza Bocca délia Verità with the Trastevere.

6. ciels, skies. This word is plural both in form and sensé; cieux, on the other hand, is singular in sensé and generally restricted to elevated style.

Page 103. — 1. Champfleury, the bête noire of the Naturalistic group, which always resented being compared to him. He was especially fond of painting the vulgar détails of bohemian life, unrelieved by any trace of artistic conception or exécution. Flaubert once flippantly declared that his only reason for writing Madame Bovary was to "embêter" Champfleury, by proving to him that a novelist could be an exact pain ter of life without ceasing to be an artist. (Cf. Zola. Romanciers naturalistes % p. 188.)

Pagre 104. — i. boulevards extérieurs, the outer boulevards of Paris, lying to the north of the main boulevards, and f requented by a lower class of people.

'2. cette espèce de (popular), that misérable, Choulato is evidently a term of abuse.

Page 105. — i. campanile del domo (Le. duomo), Italian, éathedral tower.

2. il cato, cf. French le chat For the use of the definite article in popular speech, see page ioo, note 3.

3. la lampo qui filo, a curious jargon for French la lampe qui file, " the lamp is smoking."

4. Maison d'or, a fashionable restaurant on the Boulevard des Italiens in great vogue during the Second Empire. It bas since been closed.