chapitre, «., chapter, subject chaque, each, every
Charenton, a suburban town to
the southeast of Paris, charge, /., charge, cure (of
soûls).
Charger, to load, charge, in-
struct; se — de, to under-
take, take charge of, look
after.
chariot, «., wagon; — de foin,
hayrack.
charmant, -e, charming, de-
lightful.
charmer, to charm, please.
charnière,/, hinge. [work.
charpente, /, woodwork, f ramecharretée,/, (cart)load. charreterie, /, cart house.
charrette, /., cart.
charrier, to carry along.
chasse,/, hunting.
chasser, to drive away, discharge, chase, hunt.
chasseur, **., hanter.
chasuble,/, chasuble.
chat, m. t cat.
château, m., mansion, castle.
chaud, -e, hot, warm ; faire — ,
to be warm or hot (of weather).
chauffer, to heat, warm.
chaufferette,/., foot warmer.
chausser, to put on (one'sfeet).
chavirer, to capsize, tip over.
Chef, «., head, chief, superior,
superintendent, head-clerk.
chemin, m. t way, road.
cheminée,/., chimaey, fireplace, mantelpiece; corps de — , chimney-breast.
cheminer, to walk, go.
chemise, /., shirt, chemise; — »
de nuit, nightdress.
chêne, m., oak.
chenet, m., andiron.
ch-er, -ère, dear.
chercher, to seek, look, look for, try, try to get, try to see; aller — , to go for, go and look for or get; Tenir — , to corne for, corne and look for; envoyer —, to send for; — comment, to try to find a way to.
chèrement, dearly.
chéri, -e, dearest, darling.
chérir, to love.
chéti-I, -ve, puny, thin, délicate, misérable.
cheval, m., horse.
chevelure,/., hair, head of hair.
cheveu, m n hair.
chez, to or at the house of, in; at . . . 's — lui, to or at or in his house, home,, room, town, country, etc.
chie-en-lit; à la — ! Look at the scarecrow I
chien, »., dog; — de garde, watchdog.
chignon, m., back of the neck.
chinois, -e, Chinese.
chiquenaude, /., fillip, snap with the finger.
chœur, m., choir, chaneel; enfant de — , choir boy.
choisi, -e, sélect.
choisir, to choose, pick out
choix, m., choice.
cholérique, *>., /» choiera patient
choquer, to shock.
chose, /., thing, object, fact, affair; autre — , else, any thing else, something else.
VOCABULARV
chronique, chronic
chuchoter, to whisper.
chut! hush! sh!
chute,/., fall, waterfall.
ciboire, 0*., ciborium, pyx.
cidre, m., cider.
ciel, /«., heaven, heavens, sky,
air.
cierge, 0*., wax taper or candie, cigare, 0*., cigar.
cimetière, 0»., cemetery.
cingler, to lash, eut \ — un tel
conp, to give such a lash.
cinquantaine, /., fifty or so,
âge of fifty.
circonstance, /., circumstance. circuler, to circulate, go round, cirer, to wax.
cirque, 0*., circus, arena.
citadelle,/., citadel, f ortress.
citadin, -e, of the town.
cité, /., city, old town.
citoyen, -ne, citizen, civiliser, to civilize.
clabauder, to raise a hue and
cry.
clair, -e, clear, bright, limpid;
de l'eau — e, plam, ordinary
water.
clairement, clearly.
claire-voie,/., railing, rail fence
or gâte.
Clairon (dit*, of Claire), Clara, clameur,/., clamor.
clapotement, 0*», rippling, chop-
ping, splashing.
clapoter, to splash.
claque, /., alap, hired applaud-
ers (in French théâtres).
claquer, to clatter.
clarté, /., cleamess, light, bril-
liancy, flash of light.
clef,/., key; remonter la — , to
turn up the wick; fermer à
— , totock.
clerc, 0*., clerk.
clergé, 01., clergy.
client, m., cuatomer.
cligner, to wink, bnnk.
climat, m ., climate.
cloche,/., bell.
clocher, 0*., steeple.
cloison,/., partition, wall.
cloîtrer, to cloister, shut up.
clopin-clopant, hobbling along.
clos, -e, closed.
clou, 01., nail.
clouer, to rivet (to the spot).
cocher, 0*., driver, coachman.
cochon, 0»., hog, pig.
coco, m., cocoa; noix de — ,
cocoanut cœur, 01., heart, spirit, vigor.
coffre, 0t., box ; — à bois, wood-
box ; dans le — , under the
seat (of a carriage)* cogner, to knock, thump, pound,
maul ; se — dur, to hâve a
hard fight.
coiffé, -e, with one's hair
dressed ; — de, wearing (on
one's head) ; — de plumes,
with feathers on one's head.
coiffeur, 01., barber, coiffure,/., head dress, hair.
coin, 0»., corner, nook, spot colère, /., anger, wrath, rage,
fit of temper.
colis, 0i., package, case; pl. t
baggage.
collant, -e, clinging.
collège, 01., collège, (secondary)
school.
collègue, 0*., colleague.
coller, to stick, press ; se — , to
stick, adhère.
collerette,/., collar, collarette.
collet, 0*., collar (of a coat).
colombe,/., dove. [house,
colombier, 01., dove cot, pigeon Colonies, /. //., French possessions in the Lesser Antilles.
colonne, /., column, monument colorier, to color.
combat, 01., battle, action, con
flict, struggle.
VOCABULARY
combien, how much, how many.
comble, m. t top, consummation ;
mettre le — à, to complète,
bring to a climaz. combler, to fill up.
commandant, m., major;
major, major in command.
commande, /., order; de — ,
made to order, f eigned.
commandement, m., command,
order, bidding.
commander, to order, command,
give orders to.
comme, as, such as, like, as if,
as it were, a sort of, how;
c'est — pour . . ., the same
way with ...
commencer, to begin.
comment, how, what; — donc,
why surely! how absurd! oh
cornet commerce, m., commerce, business, trade, intercourse.
commettre, to commit, commis, m., clerk.
commise,/., f orf eiture ; se mettre
dans la — , to lay oneself
liable to the penalty of the
law.
commisération, /., commisération, sympathy.
commissaire, m., commissioner ;
— de marine, navy-commis-
sary ; sous , lieutenant-com-
missarv.
commission, /., commission, er-
rand.
commode, convenient.
commode,/., bureau, commun, -e, common.
commune,/., town ; (with capital)
Commune (revolutionary gov-
ernment of 1871 in Paris).
communiquer, to communicate.
communiste, communistic.
compagnon, m., companion,
friend; bon — , joli y good fel-
low.
comparer, to compare, compétence,/., competency, ca-
pacity.
complainte,/., lament, ballad.
compl-et, -ète, complète, compléter, to complète, complice, »*.,/., accomplice.
complimenter, to compliment, componction,/., compunction.
composer, to compose, compote,/., stewed fruit, sauce.
comprendre, to understand.
compromettre, to compromise
commit, implicate.
compte, 0*., account, amount,
due wages.
compter, to count, expect.
comptoir, m., counter, bar.
comte, m., count.
concerter, to plan; se — , to
plan or contrive together,
deliberate.
concierge, m.,/., concierge, door-
keeper.
condescendant, -e, condescend-
ing.
conducteur, m., driver, conduire, to conduct, lead, drive,
manage ; se — , to behave, do.
conduit, m., pipe, confesser, to confess, hear in
confession; se — , to go to
confessional.
confier, to confide, say confiden-
tially ; se — , to confide.
confirmer, to confirm ; se — , to
be confirmed.
confiture,/., jam, préserve, confus, -e, confused, indistinct,
crestfallen, ashamed.
confusément, indistinctly,
vaguely.
congé, m., leave.
congédier, to dismiss, send away.
connaissance, /., acquaintance.
consciousness ;//., knowledge.
connaître, to know, be inf ormed
of.
connu, -e, known, familiar.
conscience, /., conscience, con-
sciousness, sensé, sensé of
duty, scruple; directeur de — ,
spiritual director; par — ,
from a sensé of duty.
conscription, /., conscription,
compulsory enrollment.
consécration, /., cérémonial of
consécration, conseil, «r., advice, counsel.
conseiller, to advise, recom-
mend.
consentement, m., consent, as-
sent.
consentir, to consent, conserver, to préserve, keep;
se — , to take care of oneself,
keep.
considérable, considérable, important, considération, /., considération,
respect, considérer, to consider, look at.
consigne,/., orders.
consister, to consist.
consoler, to console; se — , to
be comforted or consoled,
find consolation, consommateur, iw., drinker, cus-
tomer.
constater, to ascertain, note.
consteller, to dot, stud.
constituer, to constitute ; se —
prisonnier, to surrender, give
oneself up.
consulter, to consult.
consumer, to consume, burn
out.
conte, m n taie, story.
contempler, to contemplate,
gaze at.
contenance, f n countenance ;
reprendre — , to recover one's
composure.
contenir, to contain.
content, -e, contented, satisfied,
happy.
contenter, to content ; se — , to content oneself, to merely . . .
conter, to relate, tell.
continu, -e, continuous.
continuel, -le, continuai, constant.
continuellement, continually.
continuer, to continue.
contracter, to contract, form.
contradicteur, m. t contradictor, adversary.
contraire, m., contrary; au — , on the contrary.
contralto, *»., contralto, contralto voice.
contrarier, to provoke, vex, annoy.
contraster, to.contrast.
contre, against, alongside.
contrée,/., country, région.
contribution, /., contribution, tax ; être dans les — s, to be employed in the Treasury Department.
contusionner, to bruise.
convaincre, to convince.
convenable, proper, seasonable.
convenance,/, fitness; //., propriety.
convive, «.,/., guest.
convoi, m., procession, convoy.
convulsi-f, -ve, convulsive.
coq, m., cock.
Coq-Galine, hen-cock (ofUn applied to a henpecked man).
coquette,/, flirt.
coquetterie,/, coquetry, vanity.
coquillage, m., shell.
coquille,/, shell.
coquine,/, hussy, low woman.
corbeau, m. t crow ; (pop.) priest, pars on.
corbeille, /, basket, cluster, clump, flower-bed.
corbillard, m., hearse.
cordon, m., ribbon; — bien (fam.), Ai cook.
cordonnier, t»., shoemaker.
VOCABULARY
corn*,/., hora.
corner, to blow a horn.
cornu, -e, horned.
corps, a»., body; — de cheminée, chimney-breast.
correspondance, /., correspondence.
cossu, -e, rich, wealthy, well to do.
costumer, to dress.
côte,/., rib, hill, slope; — à — , side by side.
côté, m. t side, direction; du — de, on the side toward or of, in the direction of ; de — , off or over to one side; à — , adjoining, next, near by, beside ; d'un — , to one side.
coteau, m.y hill.
coton, m., cotton.
cou, m., neck.
couardise,/., cowardice.
couchant, m., west
couche,/, couch, bed.
couché, -e, lying.
coucher, to lay, lay down, put to bed, sleep; se — , to lie down, loll, go to bed.
couchette,/, little bed, crib.
coucou, m., cuckoo.
coude, m. f elbow, turning, bend.
coudre, to sew, do the sewing.
couler, to flow, stream off; — la lessiye, to put the clothes to soak; se — , se laisser — , to slip, sink.
couleur,/, color; de — , colored.
coulisse,/, side scène, wing {of théâtre),
coup, *»., blow, thrust, stroke, knock, act, shot, click, ring, peal; après — , afterwards; boire un — , to take a drink; — de feu, shot; faire le — de feu, to fire; grand — , main attack; tout d'un — , tout à — 4 ail of a sudden; — sur — , without stopping, repeat-
edly; d'un — d'œil, at a
glance; du — , d'un seul — ,
rigfct off, ail at once; — de
pied, kick; — dans le cœur,
terrible shock; — de sang,
apoplectic stroke; à — sûr,
surely; — de hasard, mère
chance.
coupable, guilty ; m., culprit.
coupe-gorge, m., den of thieves,
a dark or dangerous hole.
couper, to eut, sever, interrupt,
break, cour,/., yard, courtyard.
courageusement, courageously.
courant, m. f current; — d'air,
draught.
courbe,/., curve. courber, to bend; — en deux,
to bend double or way over;
se — , to be bowed or bent Courberait, a suburb of Paris
just beyond Neuilly.
courir, to run, hasten, be cur
rent, circulate.
couronne,/, crown, halo, cours, **., course; long — -,
océan voyage, distant voyage;
— d'eau, stream.
course,/, trip, exraitd, motion, court, -e, short, small; adv. f
short; couper — à, to eut
short, make short work of.
courtiser, to court, couteau, »., kntf e.
coûter, tocost; coûte que coûte,
at any cost.
coutil, 01., crack, coutume, /., custom; de — ,
usual; avoir — , to be accus-
tomed.
couture,/, sewing.
couvent, »t., convenu couver, to brood on; — d'un
œil attendri, to gaze on with
tender eyea.
couvert, »*., place (at table);
mettre le — , to set the table.
VOCABULARY
couverture, /., blanket, cover-
ing.
couvrir, to cover; — le chant,
to drown the song.
cracher, to spit, spit out cra-cra, scratch ! scratch I craindre, to fear, be af raid, crainte,/., fear, dread.
crainti-f, -Te, timid.
cramponner (se), to cling.
crâne, m., skull, head.
crapule,/., low habits, dissolute
life.
craquement, »., cracking, creak-
ing sound.
craquer, to crack, creak.
crayate,/., necktie.
crayeu-x, -se, chalky.
crème,/., cream.
crépitement, m., crackling.
crépuscule, »*., twilight crétin, m., idiot.
creuser, to dig, hollow; se — ,
to become hollow, show (im-
print).
creux, »., hollow, hole.
crevasse,/., crevice, crack, gap.
crever, to burst, break, cri, jw., cry. cribler, to sift, riddle.
crier, to cry, cry for, cry out,
shout crinoline,/., crinoline, crise,/., crisis, attack, outburst,
explosion; — de larmes, fit
of crying.
crispation,/., twitch, clutch.
crispé, -e, contractée, shriveled.
cristallin, -e, crystalline.
critique,/., criticism.
crochu, -e, hooked.
croire, to believe, think, imagine; — à, to believe in, hâve
faith in, suspect; c'était à — ,
it was probable.
croisée,/., window.
croiser, to cross, fold, clasp.
croissant, m. t crescent
croix, /., cross; faire le signe de la — . to cross oneself .
crosse,/., Dutt.
croupe,/., crupper.
croûte,/., crust.
croyable, crédible.
cruche,/., pitcher, jug.
crucifier, to crucif y.
cruel, -le, cruel.
cube, *«., cube; — de savon, square cake of soap.
Cucugnan, imaginary town in Provence.
Cucugnanais, -e, *•.,/•» inhabitant of Cucugnan; pi. y Cucugnan folks.
cueillir, to gather, pick.
cuiller,/., spoon.
cuir, m. t leather.
cuire, to cook.
cuisine,/., kitchen, cooking.
cuisinière,/., cook.
cuisse,/., thigh.
cuistre, m. t pédant.
cuit, -e, cooked ; vin — , mulled wme.
cuivré, -e, copper-colored.
culbuter, to upset.
culotte, /., and pl. t breeches; (improperly) trousers.
cultiver, to cultivate.
curé, m., parish priest.
curieusement, curiously.
curieu-x, -se, curious, inquisitive; m., /., spectator, sightseer, inquisitive person.
curiosité,/., curiosity.
cuvette,/., washbowl.
dais, m.y canopy.
dalle,/., flagstone.
dame, /., lady, (married) woman.
dangereu-x, -se, dangerous.
dans, in, into, to, at, on, from.
danser, to dance.
VOCABULARY
Dauphine, Delphine, davantage, more, any more,
anything more, ail the more, de, of, from, to, by, on, with, in,
as, than.
Deau ville, town in Calvados on
the estuary of the Toucques, débarrasser, to rid; se — , toget
rid.
débiter, to retail, recite, réel
off.
débord, m., side of the road. déboucher, to corne out (into).
debout, upright, standing, on
one's feet, up.
débraillé, -e, slovenly, untidy.
débris, m., débris, ruin.
décacheter, to break the seal of ,
open.
décamper, to scamper off.
décarcasser (se) (pop.), to toil
and sweat, fairly kill oneself.
déceler, to reveal, betray.
déception, /., déception, disap-
pointment.
décès, m. y death.
décevoir, to deceive, disappoint, décharge,/., discharge, déchiqueter, to slash, eut to
pièces.
déchirement, m., tearing, deaf-
ening report, déchirer, to tear, rend, décider, to décide, persuade;
se — , to décide, be decided,
make up one's mind.
déclarer, to déclare, say.
décombres, m. pi., ruins.
déconcerter, to disconcert ; se — ,
to be «iisconçerted.
décoration, /., order, insignia,
badge or ribbon.
décorer, to confer the cross of
the Légion of Honor on,
decorate. découpure,/., indentation.
découvert, -e, uncovered, open ;
à — , exposed.
découvrir, to uncover, show,
discover, find, perceive.
décrocher, to unhook, take
down.
dedans, inside, in it, in them ;
en — , inside, inwardly ; là — ,
in it, in there.
défaillance, /., f aintness ; avoir
une — , to feel faint.
défaillir, to f al ter, tremble, défaut, *»., def ect, f ault ; à — de,
for want of.
défendre, to défend, forbid, for-
bid to go to.
défigurer, to disfigure, distort, défilé, »*., march, procession, définitivement, finally, for good
and ail.
défunt, -e, deceased, dead.
dégager, to disengage; se — , to
get away, disengage oneself.
dégoutteler, to drip.
dehors, outside, out, out doors;
au — , outside ; du — , from
(the) outside, from without;
en — , outside. déjà, already.
déjeuner, /*., lunch, breakfast.
déjeuner, to take or hâve lunch,
lunch.
déjouer, to baffle, delà, beyond; au — , beyond,
further on.
délicat, -e, délicate, délice, m.> delight, pleasure.
délicieu-x, -se, delicious.
délire, m., delirium, frenzy.
délivrer, to deliver, save.
déloger, to dislodge.
déluge, m., flood, demain, tomorrow.
demander, to ask, ask for, be
af ter ; se — , to wonder.
démanteler, to dismantle.
démarche, /., walk, step, meas-
ure, proceeding, endeavor ;
raconter ses —s, to tell ail
the steps one has taken : coin-
VOCABULARY
mencer des —s pour, to take steps to secure a position in.
démarrer, to leave her moorings, sail.
démener (se), to thrash about, gesticulate violently.
démesurément, excessively.
demeure,/., dwelling, house.
demeurer, to live, remain, be.
demi, -e, half ; à voix, in an
undertone, in a low tone.
demoiselle,/., young lady, girl, gentleman's daughter, lady.
dénigrer, to run down, sneer at.
dénouement, m., conclusion, outcome.
dent,/., tooth.
dentelle,/., lace.
départ, m., departure; le — d'une caisse, the shipping of a box.
dépasser, to pass, exceed, stick out.
dépaysé, -e, away from home, bewildered.
dépêche,/., despatch, telegram.
dépêcher (se), to hasten, hurry.
dépeigné, -e, unkempt. *
dépense,/., expense.
déposer, to put or set down.
dépotoir, m. t gênerai deposit of night soil.
depuis, since, from, for ; — tantôt, a little while ago; — combien de temps ? how long is or was it since ? since when ?
— que, ever since.
député, m.> deputy, congressman.
déranger, to inconvenience, trouble; se — , to trouble oneself, get out of the way.
derni-er, -ère, last, latter, extrême, outside.
dérouler, to unfold, display ; se — , to unroll, roll out.
derrière, behind ; par — behind, from behind.
dès, as earlv as, at ; — que, as soon as, the moment that.
désastre, m., disaster.
desceller, to loosen, take off.
descendre, to descend, corne or go down, get down or out, dismount, let or take or bring down, lower.
descente,/., declivity.
désert, -e, deserted.
désespérant, -e, discouraging.
désespéré, -e, desperate, hopeless, of despair.
désespoir, a»., despair.
déshabiller, to undress; se — , to undress.
déshonneur, m., dishonor, disgrâce.
désillusion,/, disillusion.
désir, m. t désire.
désirer, to désire, wish, want.
désœuvrement, m., want of something to do.
désolation,/., désolation, affliction, sorrowf ul expression.
désolé, -e, disconsolate, extremely sorry.
désoler, to distress, grieve.
désordonné, -e, immoderate, extravagant.
désordre, m. t disorder, confusion.
désormais, henceforth, after that.
despote, m. f despot.
despotique, despotic.
dessaisir (se), to part (with).
dessin, m , drawing, sketch; — à la plume, pen and ink sketch.
dessiner, to draw, design, form ; se — , to be visible or plainly marked.
dessous, under, underneath; en — , underneath.
dessus, on, upon, over, on it or them, etc.; au — de, on, upon, over, above.
VOCABULARY
destiné, -e, destined, intended.
destinée, /., destiny, f ate.
détachement, m., detachment.
détacher, to detach ; se — , to get loose.
déterminé, -e, determined, resolute, decided.
détonation,/., report.
détournement, m. t embezzlement.
détourner (se), to turn away.
détresse, /., distress, anguish.
dette,/., debt.
deux, two; tous les — jours, every other day.
devant, before, in front of, to, at, by; marcher — lui, to walk straight ahead.
devanture,/., shop window.
développer, to develop; se — , to develop, grow.
devenir, to become, grow.
deviner, to divine, guess, find out.
devoir, to owe, hâve to, be to, be likely to, ought to, must, duly; qui doit accompagner la mort, which duly attends death ; se — , to be right, be the proper thing to do.
devoir, m., duty, obligation, due ceremony.
dévorer, to devour, eat up ; une soif ardente lui dévorait la gorge, a terrible thirst was parching his throat.
dévotement, devoutly.
dévouement, m., dévotion, attachaient.
dia! haw! (to the îeft).
diable, m., de vil, fellow, wretch, deuce ; que — , what the deuce !
ah ! diable, oh the deuce I
diacre, m., deacon.
diamant, m., diamond.
diantre, m., (the) deuce.
Dieu, m., God; le bon — (fam.) t the good Lord, God,
the host; mon — 1 oh dearî
goodnessl dearme!
différent, -e, différent, various.
difficile, difficult, hard.
digitale,/., foxglove.
dignité,/., dignity.
diligence,/., stagecoach.
dimanche, iw., Sunday; le — ,
Sundays.
diminuer, to diminish, faiL dinde,/., turkey hen, fooL dîner, 1»., dinner.
diner, to dine.
dire, to say, tell, tell of, talk;
pour ainsi — , so to speak;
qu'on dit "venus du cœur,"
which we speak of as "com-
ing from the heart"; vouloir
— , to mean ; se — , to think
or say to oneself .
directeur, m., director; — de
conscience, spiritual director.
diriger, to direct; se — , to direct one's steps, make for, go.
discontinuer, to stop, cease. discourir, to discourse, talk,
hold forth. [argue,
discuter, to discuss, dispute, disparaître, to disappear, van-
ish, go, die away; faire — ,
to conceal.
dispendieu-x, -se, expensive, disperser, to scatter; se — , to
scatter.
disposer, to arrange, dissimuler, to conceal, hide,
suppress.
dissiper (se), to dissipate, clear
away, divert one's mind.
dissuader, to dissuade, distinctement, distinctly.
distinction, /., distinction, re-
finement.
distinguer, to distinguish.
distraction, /., and pl. f absent-
mindedness.
distraire, to distract, divert,
amuse.
VOCABULARY
distrait, -e, absent-minded, indiffèrent.
dit, -e, called, suraamed.
divers, -e, différent, various.
diversement, difterently, in
various ways.
liversion, /., diversion; pour faire — , to change thesubject.
divertissement, m., amusement.
dizaine, about ten, half a score.
docilement, obediently, submissively.
docteur, m., doctor.
dogme, nt. y dogma.
doigt, m., finger; Doigt-de-Poiz, Light-fingered (lit, Pitchfingered).
dolent, -e, doleful, whining.
domestique, domestic, home.
dominer, to rule, hang or hover over, command a view of.
Dominique, Dominick.
donc, then, therefore, 30, do, corne, pray.
donner, to give, attribute, concède, look out, face ; on lui en donnait quarante, they took her to be forty ; on lui donnait quelque chose comme . . ., he was thought to hâve about ... ; — à rire, to make (one) laugh, provoke ridicule.
dont, whose; of, with or from whom ; of, from, in, on or at which.
doré, -e, gilded, golden, yellow.
dorer, to gild.
dormir, to sleep, be asleep.
dos, m. y back ; qui t'a passé sur le — , who has been promoted over your head.
dossier, m. f back.
dot,/., dowry.
douane,/., custom house.
douanier, m., custom house officer.
doublement, doubly.
doucement, sweetly, gently,
quietly ; tout — , slowly, gradu-
ally.
douceur, /.. sweetness, gentle-
ness, softness, meekne&s,
charm, tranquillity.
doué, -e, endowed, possessed.
douleur, /., pain, grief, sorrow.
douloureu-z, -se, painful.
doute, m., doubt.
douter, to doubt ; se — , to suspect, expect; je m'en doutais,
I thought you would.
douve,/., stave.
dou-x, -ce, sweet, gentle, calm,
soft, tranquil.
douzaine,/., dozen.
dragon, m. t dragon, dragoon.
drame, m. t drama.
drap, m. t cloth, sheet.
dresser, to erect, raise, mount,
draw up, prépare; se — , to
rise, stand, stand erect dressoir, m. t sideboard.
droit, -e, right, erect, straight ;
à — e, on or to the right; adv. t
straight; — devant tous,
straight ahead of you.
drôle, f unny, comical ; m., scamp,
rascal.
Dunkerque, Dunkirk, a French
seaport town on the English
ChanneL dur, -e, hard, sharp ; adv. t hard.
durant, during, for.
durée,/., du ration, durer, to last, continue, duvet, m. t down.
eau,/., water, perspiration ; — de-vie, brandy ; — bénite, holy water; les — z et forêts, woods and forests (under control of the Department of Agri' culture).
éblouir, to dazzle.
VOCABULARY
éblouissement, m. t dazzling,
dazzling vision, ébranlement, m., shock.
ébranler, to shake, disturb;
s' — , to begin to move, start;
murailles ébranlées, tottering
walls.
ébrécher, to notch, nick.
écaille, /., scale.
écarlate, scarlet.
écart; à V — , aloof, by oneself.
écarter, to tura or set aside,
spread out; — les obstacles,
to clear the track; s* — . to
turn aside, lean to one side.
échafaudage, »*., scaffolding.
échanger, to exchange, échapper, to escape; s' — , to
escape, steal away.
écharpe,/., scarf.
échasse, /., long-shanks, stilt-
bird.
échauffer, to warm ; s' — , to get
warm or hot.
échelle,/., ladder.
échelon, *»., rung.
échelonner (s'), to be at regular
intervais, string along.
échine,/., spine, back.
échouer, to strand.
éclaboussure,/., splash, dash.
éclairage, m., lighting, light.
éclairer, to light, light up, in-
struct.
éclaireur, m., scout, éclat, m. y bursting, peal, report,
shrill sound, flash, brilliancy.
éclatant, -e, bright, striking,
shrill.
éclater, to burst, burst out, ring
out, be suddenly heard.
écluse,/., lock, sluice, dam.
école,/., school.
économe, economical, saving.
économiquement, economically.
écorcher, to rub the skin off.
Écores (les), the Ledges (cliffs
at TrouvilU).
écouler (s'), to flow away, pass.
écouter, to listen, listen to, hear écran, m., screen, fire screen.
écraser, to crush, overwhelm;
s' — , to be crushed, flatten.
écrevisse, /., crayfish, crawfish. écrier (s'), to exclaim, say.
écrire, to write.
écriture,/., handwriting, writing.
écrouler (s')» to fall in, collapse.
écu, m. t crown ; — s, money.
écuelle,/., porringer, bowl.
écume,/., foam, froth.
écurer, to clean.
écurie,/., stable.
édifice, 91., édifice, structure, éditeur, m. t publisher.
effacer (s 9 ), to be effaced or
forgotten, vanish.
effarement, m. 9 fright, bewilder-
ment.
effarer, to frighten, bewilder.
effet, m.y effect ; en — , in fact,
and sure enough.
effleurer, to graze.
effondré, -e, collapsed, crushed.
effrayer, to frighten, alarm.
effroi, m., fright.
effroyable, frightful, fearful,
horrible.
effroyablement, frightfully, aw-
fully.
égal, -e, equal.
également, likewise, also.
égaliser, to equalize, render
equal.
égard, m. t regard, respect, égarer, to missend, lose.
égayer, to enliven.
église,/., church.
égoisme, m., selfishness, selfish
indifférence, égorger, to slaughter, kill. égrener, to tell (beads) ; — un
chapelet d'injures, to let off
a string of abuse, eh! eh! ah! —bien! well!
élan, m. t spring, start, outburst
VOCABULARY
«lancer (s 9 ), to rush forward or
out, rush, shoot forth, project.
élargir (s'), to widen, extend,
spread out, deepen.
élève, m., pupil, cadet ; —commissaire, cadet commissary.
élever, to raise, promote ; s' — ,
to rise, arise, corne up, be , raised.
Eloi (saint), Eloy (Bishop of
Noyon, j88-6jç); la fête de
saint — , Saint Eloy's day
(Dec. /).
éloigné, -e, distant, éloignement, m., séparation, éloigner, to remove, estrange,
hold aloof ; s' — , to go away
or off, die away.
embarras, m. t perplexity, dilem-
ma, embarrassment.
embarrassé, -e, awkward, un-
comfortable.
embarrasser, to embarrass,
trouble, confuse, hamper.
embaumé, -e, balmy, sweet.
embaumer, to perfume, smell
sweet embellir, to adorn, grow hand-
some.
embêter (pop.), to bother,
pester.
embrasé, -e, glowing.
embrasser, to embrace, kiss.
émeraude,/., emerald.
émerveiller, to astonish, amaze.
émietter, to crumble.
emmener, to take away or off,
carry or lead away or off, take
with one.
émouvoir, to move; s* — , to be
moved or excited.
empailler, to stuff .
empailleur, m., bird-stuffer.
empanacher, to plume.
emparer (s')>to seize.
empêcher, to prevent, hinder,
stop, keep (from).
empereur, m., emperor.
emplir, to fill ; s' — , to fill.
emploi, m., office.
employé, -e, m., /., employée,
clerk.
employer, to employ, use.
empoisonnement, m. t poison-
ing.
emporter, to carry or take away,
sweep away, blow off; emportée par la descente, borne
along rapidly by the down-
ward slope.
empressement, m. t eagerness,
attentiveness.
emprunter, to borrow.
ému, -e, moved, excited.
en, of him, of her, of it, of them,
from him, from her, from it,
from them, from there, for it,
for them, any, some.
en, prep„ in, into, to, on, by, as,
as a, like a, while; — dessous
see dessous, encadrer, to frame, surround;
encadrées de noir, with a
black margin.
encens, m., incense.
encenseur, m. t censer bearer.
encensoir, m., censer.
enchanté, -e, enchanted, de-
lighted.
encoignure,/., corner, angle, encombrer, to encumber, block,
be in the way.
encore, still, yet, again, also,
more, even, another; — un,
another.
encourager, to encourage, encre,/., ink.
endormi, -e, asleep, sleeping,
drowsy.
endormir, to lull to sleep; s 9 — ,
to go to sleep, slumber.
endroit, m., place, endurcissement, m. t callousness énergique, energetic.
énerver, to enervate, unnerve.
enfance,/., childhood.
VOCABULARY
enfant, »*.,/., child.
enfantin, -e, childish.
enfer, m., hell.
enfermer, to shut, shut up or
in, enclose, closet, put in.
enfiévré, -e, fevered.
enfiler, to thread, enter into.
enfin, finally, at last, after ail.
enflammer, to inflame, excite, enfoncement, m. f sinking in,
recess, inlet.
enfoncer, to sink, sink in, thrust
in; s* — , to sink, penetrate,
be sunken, plunge in.
enfouir, to bury.
enfourcher, to sit astride, strad-
dle.
enfuir (s*), to flee, run away,
escape.
engager, to engage, hire, advise,
urge.
engloutir, to swallow up, plunge.
engourdi, -e, torpid, dulled.
engourdissement, m., torpor.
engraisser, to fatten.
enhardir, to embolden ; s* — , to
grow bold.
enjamber, to stride over, step
over.
enlever, to lift, carry off or
away, remove.
ennemi, -e, hostile; m., enemy.
ennui, m. t annoyance, bother,
petty trouble, ennuyer, to tire, weary, bore;
s* — , to be bored, get tired,
not know what to do with
oneself.
énoncer (s'), to express oneself,
give utterance to one's
thoughts.
énorme, enormous, huge.
enrager, to anger.
enrégimenter, to enlist, enroll.
enregistrement, m., registration,
registry-department, duties of
the registry-department.
ensemble, together.
ensommeillé, -e, sound asleep.
ensorceler, to bewitch.
ensuite, then, next, after.
entamer, to eut into, graze,
begin.
entasser, to pile up.
entendre, to hear, understand;
faire — , to utter,setup; n'—
à rien (pop.), to be good for
nothing; s* — , to hear each
other, be heard »*■ understood,
arrange it.
entendu, -e, understood; bien
— , properly managed, clever.
enterrer, to bury, live to bury.
entêtement, *»., obstinacy, per-
sistency.
entêter (s*), to become or beor
remain obstinate.
enthousiaste, enthusiastic.
enti-er, -ère, entire, whole.
entonner, to begin to sing.
entour ; à V — , around, round or
about it.
entourer, to surround, clasp
(round), envelop.
entraîner, to drag away, hurry
away, induce to go, get the
better of ; s* — , to train, entre, between, among, in ; d'— ,
among, of.
entre-bâiller (s*), to half open entrecouper, to interrupt, dis-
connect.
entre-croiser (s'), to intersect
each other.
entremêler, to intermingle, in-
tersperse.
entreprendre, to undertake.
entrer, to enter, go or corne in.
penetrate.
entr'ouvert, -e, half -open, yawn
ing.
entr'ouvrir, to open a little.
envahir, to invade, break into,
come on or over.
envahisseur, invading; «., invade r.
VOCABULARY
enveloppe,/., envelope.
envelopper, to envelop, wrap
up. envers ; à V — , wrong side out ;
se mettre le cœur à 1' — , to
get ail upset.
envie, /., envy, inclination, desire, wish ; avoir — de, to feel
like, hâve a mind to.
envier, to envy.
environ, about.
environner, to surround, environs, m. pi., neighborhood, v suburbs.
envolé, -e, rising.
envoler (s*), to fîy away or off,
disappear.
envoyer, to send, cast, émit;
s* — , to hurl at each other.
épais, -se, thick.
épaisseur, /., thickness, swell-
ing.
épaissir, to thicken, deepen ;
s* — , to grow fleshy.
épancher (s*), to pour out, over-
flow, find an outlet, unbosom
itself or oneself.
épandre, to spread, diffuse.
épanouir (s'), to expand, open
up.
épargner, to save.
épars, -e, scattered.
épaule,/., shoulder.
épauler, to raise one's gun (to
shoulder) t ai m.
épée,/., sword.
éperdu, -e, distracted, bewil-
dered, frantic, desperate.
éperon, m. t spur.
épice, /., spice; pain d' — (s),
gingerbread.
épicerie, /., grocery business.
épicier, m., grocer.
épileptique, epileptic.
épingle,/., pin.
éponger, to sponge.
époque, /., time, period, date, épouser, to marry.
épouvantable, terrible, fright-
ful.
épouvante, /., terror, feeling of
terror.
épouvanter, to frighten, horrify.
épou-x, -se, m., /., husband,
wife.
éprouver, to expérience, feel.
épuiser, to exhaust, use up;
s' — , to dry up.
équilibre, m., equilibrium.
équilibrer, to balance.
équipage, m., turn-out, carriage.
équiper, to equip.
éraflure,/., scratch.
errer, to wander, stray.
escadre,/., squadron.
escalader, to climb up.
escalier, m., staircase, flight of
steps.
escarboucle,/., carbuncle.
escarpé, -e, steep.
escopette,/, blunderbuss.
espace, m., space. espalier, m., fruit wall.
espèce,/., kind, sort, espérance,/., hope.
espérer, to hope.
espoir, m., hope.
esprit, m., spirit, soûl; ghost,
mind, brains.
essaim, m., swarm.
essayer, to try.
essoufflé, -e, out of breath,
short-breathed, panting.
estaminet, /«., tavern.
estampe,/., print, eut, engrav-
ing; en — s, illustrated.
Estève, a comtnon Provençal
name.
estimer, to esteem.
estomac, m., stomach.
étable,/, cow house.
établir, to establish, put, marry,
get (one) settled; s* — , to go
into business, open an office.
établissement, m., establishment.
VOCABULARY
étage, 01 ., story, floor, flight of
stairs; premier — , second
story ; second — , third story ;
à deux — S, three-story.
étain, m. f tin, pewter.
étaler, to display, expose for
sale, spread out, stretch out;
s' — , to spread out, be exposed
for sale, état-major, *»., staff, été, m. t summer.
éteindre, to extinguish ; s' — , to
go out.
éteint, -e, extinct, faint, feeble.
étendre, to extend, stretch, reach
or spread out ; s' — , to extend,
stretch, lie down.
étendue, /., extent.
éterniser, to perpetuate; s' — ,
to live forever.
éternuer, to sneeze.
étoile,/., star, étoile, -e, starry.
étonne, -e, astonished,surprised.
étonnement, m., astonishment.
étonner, to astonish ; s 9 — , to be
astonished, wonder.
étouffée,/., stew; à 1' — , stewed.
étouffer, to choke, stifle.
étoupe,/., stuffing.
étourdi, -e, heedless, hare-
brained.
étourdiment, thoughtlessly.
étourdir, to stun, bewilder ; s* — ,
to forget one's troubles.
étourdissement, m., dizziness,
attack of vertigo.
étrange, strange, odd, queer.
étrang-er,-ère, foreign; »i., /.,
stranger, foreigner.
étrangler, to choke, strangle.
être, to be, go; — à, to belong
to, be one's turn ; soit ! very
well ! n'est-ce pas? isn't it? is
it? didn't she ? etc.; C'est, he or
she or it is, there is, that is ;
C'est que, the fact is, but;
fût-il, were he, even if he were ;
ce n'est que ça! is that ail!
en — pour, to get nothingfor;
nous y sommes, hère we are.
être, m. t being, living créature.
étreindre, to press, embrace,
bind fast.
étreinte,/., embrace.
étroit, -e, narrow.
étude,/., study.
étudier, to study, examine.
Évangile, m., Gospel, reading of
Gospel (part of mas s devoted
to reading of Gospel).
évanoui,-e, vanished, departed.
évanouir (s'), to faint, fade
away, disappear. évasion,/., escape.
éveillé, -e, wide awake, smart,
sharp.
éveiller, to wake up, rouse;
s* — , to wake up, be roused.
événement, m. t event, incident,
emergency.
éventrer, to disembowel, rip
open, gore.
évidemment, evidently.
éviter, to avoid.
évocation, /., évocation, awak-
ened memory.
examiner, to examine, exaspérer, to exasperate, in-
flame; s' — , to become exas-
perated.
exciter, to excite, rouse, pro-
voke; s* — , to excite oneself,
try hard.
excuser, to excuse; s' — , to excuse oneself, beg to be ex-
cused.
exécuter, to exécute, perfora, exemple, m., example, case, exercer, to exercise; s 9 — , to
drill.
exhalaison,/., exhalation, exhaler, to breathe out, heave;
s' — , to exhale, come out.
exhorter, to exhort, encourage, exigence, /., exigency, demand.
VOCABULARY
çxiger, to require, demand.
exister, to exist.
expansi-f, -ve, expansive.
expirer, to expire, die.
explication,/., explanation.
expliquer, to expiain; s' — , to
account for, understand.
exploiter, to work, cultivate,
impose upon.
exposer, to expose, exprès, on purpose.
extase, /., ecstasy; mettre en
— , to throw into ecstasy.
exténuer, to exhaust.
extérieur, -e, exterior, foreign,
outer.
exterminer, to exterminate.
extraordinaire, extraordinary.
extrémité,/., extrémity.
fabliau, m., fabliau {amusing
Utile taie in versé).
fabricien, m., churcbwarden.
façade,/, façade, house-front face, /., face ; en — , in front,
facing, opposite, before, in
the présence, fâcher, to make angry; se — ,
to be or get angry, hâve a
falling out or quarrel.
fâcheu-x, -se, unpleasant, dis-
agreeable.
facile, easy.
façon,/., manner, way; de cette
— , in this way; à la — de,
like; de — à, so as to.
facteur, m., postman.
factice, artificial.
faculté,/., faculty, talent, faible, feeble, weak, meagre,
slight faiblesse, /., weakness, faint-
ness, sign of weakness.
faillir, to fail, do wrong, corne
near.
faim,/., hungér; avoir —, to be hungry.
fainéantise,/, idleness, laziness.
faire, to do, make, forai, compose, perforai, play, take, cause, hâve, get, manage, look, say; il fait (of the weather, etc.), it is; c'en est fait, it is ail over ; ça ne leur fait rien, it's nothing to them, makes no différence to them, they don't care; — mieux, to produce a better effect, look better; — dire, to make (one) say, suggest the reflection; rien à — là dedans, you can't do anything in there; se — , to be done, be or become, set in, begin, ensue.
fait, m., fact, event, matter.
falaise,/, cliff.
Falaise, a towtt in Lower Normandy in the department of Calvados.
falbala, m. f flounce.
falloir, to be necessary, must, hâve (to), require, take, need, want; il ne faudrait pas les envoyer, they had better not besent
fameu-x, -se, famous; (fam.) terrible, awf ul.
famili-er, -ère, familiar.
famille,/, family ; en — , dans sa — , at home.
fanal, m. t headlight.
fantaisie, /., fancy, whim; de —, fancy ; en voilà des — si what queer notions !
fantaisiste, fancif ul, imaginary.
fantôme, m., phantom.
farandole,/, farandole {Provençal dance).
farandoler, to dance the farandole.
farce,/, practical joke, trick; adj'. t funny, amusing.
fardeau, m., burden, load.
VOCABULARY
farine, /., flour.
farouche, wild, savage.
fatalité, /., fatality ; c'est une
— ! I am fatedl fatigant, -e, tiresome.
fatiguer, to tire, strain; se — ,
to get tired.
faubourg, m. f suburb, faubourg, faucher, to mow, crop with a
scytbe.
faufiler (se), to slip or creep in.
faussement, insincerely ; cet air
— navré, that look of sham sorrow.
faute,/., fault.
fauteuil, m. t easy chair, arm-
chair, chair.
fau-z, -sse, false, forged; faire
un — pas, to stumble, slip, favori, m., side whisker.
féerie,/., spectacular fantasy.
feindre, to feign, prétend, féliciter, to congratulate.
femelle,/., female.
féminin, -e, féminine, femme, /., woman, wife; —
Leroux (pop.), Mrs. Leroux ;
bonne — , kind old soûl, old
woman.
fendre, to split.
fenêtre,/., window.
fente,/., cleft, crevice, chiok.
fer, m., iron ; fil de — , wire,
iron wire.
ferblantier, m., tinman.
ferme,/., far m, farmhouse.
fermer, to close, fermeté, /., firmness, self-con-
trol.
fermeture,/., fastenings.
fermier, m., f armer.
féroce, tierce, ferocious.
férocité, /., ferocity, savage-
ness.
ferrade, /., branding of oxen;
(pastoral festival on this occasion celebrated in Provence,
especially at Arles).
ferraille, /., old iron, old iron
utensils.
ferrer, to shoe. ferrure,/., iron work, iron.
fertilité,/, fertility.
ferveur,/., fervor.
fête, /., festivity, festival, holi-
day,< treat, good time; en
grande — , a sçene of festivity ;
Fête-Dieu, Corpus Christi.
feu, m., fire; coup de — , shot feu, -e, late, deceased ; — mon
père, my late lamented father.
feuillage, »*., foliage.
feuille, /., leaf, sheet, newspa-
per.
feuillet, »*., leaf (of book).
feuilleter, to turn over the leaves
of.
fiancée,/., betrothed, bride, ficelle,/., string, dodge, trick.
fichu, m.» neckerchief.
fidèle, faithful.
fi-er, -ère, proud.
fièvre,/., fever.
fiévreu-x, -se, feverish, rest-
less.
fifille,/. (fam.\ little girly.
figurant, -e, 01., /., figurant,
figurante, supernumerary.
figuration,/., ceremony.
figure,/., face, figure, figurer, to figure; se —, to
f ancy, imagine ; figure-toi que,
fancy novv, did you ever hear
of such a thing ... I fil, m., thread, wire; — de la
Vierge, gossamer, floating cob-
web; gants de — , cotton
gloves.
file,/., row, Une.
filer, to spin, spin webs, run,
clear out ; — son chemin, to
sail right by.
filet, m. f net.
fille, /, daughter, girl, maid»
servant-girl.
fillette,/., litUegirL
VOCABULARY
fila, m., son. *
fin, /., end, death ; à la — , at last.
fin, -e, fine.
finalement, finally, well.
finir, to finish, cease, stop, seule, be over, turn out; — par, to end by, finally; en — , to finish, hâve done with ; c'est fini, it's no use; c'était fini, the end had corne.
fixe, fixed, set.
fixement, fixedly.
fixer, to fix, fasten, gaze on, stare at ; se — , to gaze.
flairer, to scent, smell out, detect.
flambeau, **., torch, candie, candlestick.
flamber, to blaze.
flamme, y., flame.
flanc, m., side.
flanelle,/., flannel.
flanquer, to flank, be alongside of ; (fam.)to give, put; — une raclée soignée, to give a good licking; se — la tête en bas, to pitch oneself head tirs t.
flasque, flabby, soft.
flatter, to flatter, stroke, pat.
fléchir, to bend.
flegme, m., phlegm, natural indifférence.
fleur, /.. flower; fine — , finest flower, choicest, purest quali-
ty.
fleuve, m. f river.
flocon, m. t flake, puff.
flot, tn. t wave, flood, stream.
flottant, -e, uncertain, unsettled,
vague, flotter, to float, hover, flow or
hang loosely, flutter.
fluxion, /., inflammation ; — de
poitrine, inflammation of the
lungs.
foi, /., faith; ma — ! I assure
you ! dépend upon it !
foin, m., hay.
fois, /., time; tout à la —, à la — , at the same time, ail together, at once, both; à une autre — ! corne again !
folie,/., madness, folly.
follement, wildly, madly.
fonctionner, to perform its or one's functions, go through with its or one's movements, work.
fond, m., foundation, depth, depression, bottom, back part, further end, background; au — , at bottom, at heart ; tout au — , away down at the bottom.
fondre, to melt, dispel, fall; — leur graisse, to work off their fat.
fontaine,/., fountain, spring.
Fonvieille, small town aboutfive miles northeast of Arles.
forçat, m. y convict, galley slave.
force, /., strength, might, force, skill; //., strength; à — de, by dint of ; à toute — , by ail means, at ail hasards ; de toutes ses — s, with ail his might.
forcer, to force.
forces,/.//., shears.
forcir (pop.), to grow stout.
foresti-er, -ère, forest, forester's; m.,f., forester, forester's wife or daughter.
forêt,/., forest.
formalité, /., formality.
forme,/., form, shape.
former, to form.
formidable, formidable, terrible.
fort, -e, strong, vigorous, violent, heavy, loud, intense; au plus — , at the height, at the busiest moment ; c'est plus — que moi, it's too much for me, I can't help it; c'est un peu — pourtant, its pretty hard or pretty tough though.
VOCABULARY
fort, very, very much much,
loud.
fortement, forcibly, vigorously.
forteresse,/., fortress.
fortifier, to strengthen.
fossé, m., ditch, trench, fou, fol, folle, mad, crazy, fool-
ish, luxuriant, run wild.
foudre,/., lightning, thunder.
foudroyant, -e, crushing, over-
whelming.
fouet, m. t whip.
fouetter, to whip, lash.
f ougueu-z, -se, f urious, passion-
ate.
fouiller, to search, rummage.
fouillis, m., tangle, thicket.
foulard, m., handkerchief, scarf .
foule,/., crowd, multitude, fouler, to trample.
four, m., oven, furnace.
fourche,/, fork, pitchfork.
fourchette,/, fork.
fourneau, m. t cooking stove.
fournée,/, batch.
fournil, m., bakehouse, wash-
house.
fournir, to furnish.
fourré, m. y thicket.
fourrer, to thrust, insert, foyer, m., hearth, home.
fracasser, to shatter, shiver.
fraîcheur, /., freshness, cool-
frais, fraîche, fresh, cool.
frais, m., cool air; mettre au
— , to put in the cooler, lock
up.
fran-c, -che, frank, free, in-
dependent, candid, honest.
français, -e, French, French-
man, French woman.
franchir, to leap or get or pass
over.
Françoise,/, Frances.
frapper, to strike, knock, tap,
punish; — du pied or des
pieds, to stamp, stamp on;
se frappaient les épaules à
grands coups de bras, were
flapping their arms vigorously across their chests.
frêle, frail.
frémir, to tremble, flutter.
frémissement, m., shuddering,
rustling.
frénétique, f rantic, wild.
fréquemment, frequently.
fréquenter, to fréquent, associ-
ate with.
frère, m. 9 brother. friand, -e, dainty.
frictionner, to rub.
frileusement, like one who is
chilly.
frime, / (fam) t sham; c'est
de la — , it's put on.
frisé, -e, with the hair curled,
with curly hair.
frisson, m,, shiver, shivers,
shudder, quiver, gleam,' ripple
(of water).
frissonner, to shudder.
froid, -e, cold.
froid, m., cold; me faisait—,
made me shudder. [ing.
froissement, m., rustling, clashfrôlement, m., rustling.
frôler, to graze.
fromage, m,, cheese.
front, m., forehead, brow, head.
frotter, to rub.
fuir, to flee, run away, escape.
fuite,/, flight, running away.
fumée, /., smoke, puff of
smoke; couverte de — , dark-
coated.
fumer, to smoke.
fumier, m. t manure, manure-
heap.
funèbre, f uneral ; see pompes* fureur,/, fury, rage, furieusement, f uriously.
furieu-x, -se, furious, enraged.
fusil, m., gun; — de chasw,
shotgun, rifle.
VOCABULARY
fusillade, /., fi ring, musketry,
volley of musketry.
fusiller, to shoot, fût, m. f cask.
futaie, /., f orest tree, forest.
futaille,/., cask.
futur, -e, future.
gagner, to gain, earn, get to.
gai, -«, gay, merry.
gaiement, gaily, cheerfully.
gaieté, /., gaiety, fit of merri-
ment.
gaillard, »*., fellow, chap.
gaillardement, merrily, blithely,
with life and go.
gaillardet (fam.), hearty,
sprightly; sain et — , haie
and hearty.
gaillardise, /., gaiety, mirth,
rather free talk. galamment, gallantly.
galant, 01., lover. [way.
galerie, /., gallery, passage galette,/., (flat) cake, galoche,/., clog.
galon, m., galloon, braid.
galop, *w., gallop; grand —,
f ull gallop.
galoper, to gallop, run.
galopin, *».,urchin,littlemucker.
galopiner, to play around or be
up to mischief (like street
urchins).
gambader, to jump up and down
in frolic.
gamin, m., young vagabond,
little boy.
gant, m. 9 glove.
garantir, to guarantee, guard;
se — de, to save oneself f rom,
escape.
garçon, m., boy, young fellow,
assistant, (hired) man, hand;
— boucher, butcher's boy.
garde, /., guard, care ; prenez donc — 1 Do be carefuî I elle n'y prit plus — , she paid no further attention to them.
garde, m., guard, warden, forester ; chien de — , watchdog.
garder, to keep, keep on, maintain, hold, guard, hâve, look after.
garer (se), to seek shelter or cover.
gargariser (se), to rinse the throat.
garnement, m., good-for-nothing, scamp.
garnir, to furnish, fill, cover.
garrotter, to bind.
gars, m. t lad, boy, fellow.
gâter, to spoil.
gauche, lef t, awkward ; à — , on the left
gaz, m. t gas.
gazette,/., newspaper.
gazon, m., grass, turf.
gazouiller, to chirp, sing.
géant, m., giant.
gémir, to groan, moan.
gémissement, »/., groan, moan.
gênant, -e, inconvénient, anno y ing.
gencive,/., gum.
gendre, m., son-in-law.
gêne,/., uneasiness, constraint.
gêner, to inconvenience, trouble, embarrass, be in the way of, interfère with.
généreu-x, -se, generous.
genou, m., knee; à — x, kneeling, on one's knees.
genre, m. t kind, style, air.
gens, m., /., people, folks; jeunes — , young men.
gentil, -le, nice, pretty, sweet.
gentilhomme, m., nobleman, gentleman.
gentillesse, /., prettiness, attractiveness.
génuflexion,/., génuflexion.
VOCABULARY
géographie,/., geography.
gerbe, /., sheaf .
gerbier, m., stack.
gérer, to manage.
geste, m., gesture, movement.
gesticuler, to gesticulate.
gifle, /., slap on the face.
gigantesque, gigantic
gilet, m.y waistcoat.
girouette, /., weathercock.
gisait, was lying.
glace, y., ice, mirror, window.
glacé, frozen, icy cold, cold,
frosty, glazed.
glacer, to freeze, chill; glacée
d'un frisson, with an icy
shudder.
glacial, -e, icy.
glaner, to glean, obtain.
glaneu-r, -se, »*.,/., gleaner.
glas, m., knell, tolling.
glisser, to slip, creep, glide ;
faire -r-, to slip; se — , se
laisser — , to slip, creep.
gloire, /., glory, pride.
glouglou, m. t gurgling sound.
goélette,/., schooner.
gonfler, to swell, distend.
gorge, /., throat, breast; bruit
de — , guttural sound, rattle.
gorille, m. t gorilla.
gouache, /., body color; à la
— , painted in body color.
goudron, m., tar.
goût, m., taste, inclination,
fancy ; à son — , to suit hirn.
goûter, to taste, relish, enjoy.
goutte,/., drop, gouttière,/., gutter.
grabat, m., wretched bed, pal-
let.
grâce, /., grâce, favor, charm,
mercy, thanks (to); faire — ,
to pardon, gracieusement, graciously.
grade, 0?., grade, rank.
graisse,/., fat.
graisseu-x, -se, greasy, fatty.
grand, -e, great, grand, grownup, large, tall, long, main, loud, vigorous ; — 'route, highway, main road ; pas — 'chose, not much, not much of anything.
grandiose, grandiose; m. f grandeur.
grandir, to grow, grow larger, increase, ex pan d, draw up.
grand 'maman, /., grandma, grandmother.
grange,/., barn.
gras, -se, fat.
gras, m., fat or fleshy part; — double à la lyonnaise, tripe in Lyonese style (i.e. fried with butter, oil y and sliccd onions).
gratification,/., gratuity, présent.
gratter, to scratch, scrape.
gratuit, -e, free.
grave, grave, serious, sober, dull.
gravir, to climb, mount, clamber up.
gravité,/., gravity, seriousness.
gravure,/., engraving.
gredin, rascal, scamp; — de, rascally.
grêle, slender, thin.
grêle,/., hail, hailstorm.
grelot, m., bell, harness bell.
grelotter, to shiver with cold.
grenier, m., loft, attic, garret.
grève,/., beach.
grimacer, to grin, make grimaces.
grimper, to climb, climb up, get up.
grippé, -e, shrunk, drawn.
gris, -e, gray, tipsy.
grisâtre, grayish.
griser, to make tipsy ; se — , to get tipsy.
grisonner, to grow gray.
grognement, m., grunting.
VOCABULARY
grogner, to grunt, gramble.
gronder, to grumble, roar,
rumble.
gros, -se, big, coarse, rough,
stout, fat, loud; le plus — ,
the biggest part.
; ros, m. y main part, bulk.
^rossi-er, -ère, coarse.
grossir, to grow larger or louder,
increase, swell.
gué, m.y ford; passer à — , to
ford.
guenille,/., rag.
guère; ne — . not much, not
many, hardly, hardly any,
hardly ever, hardly anything ;
ne — que, hardly anything
but.
guéridon, m. t centre table, guérir, to heal, cure, guerre,/., war.
guetter, to watch, lie in wait
for.
gueule, /., mouth ; à pleine — ,
yelling at the top of their
lungs.
gueusard, m., rascal, rogue.
gueuse,/., hussy.
gueux, m., ragamuffin, good for
nothing.
gui, m., mistletoe.
guide, m ., guide ; /., rein, guider, to guide.
guimpe, /., guimpe (chemisette
worn with a square or low
necked dress), guirlande, /., garland, wreath.
gymnastique, gymnastic; pas
— , double quick step; /.,
gymnastics.
Aspirate h is indicated by (')
habillage, m., style of dressing, attractive arrangement or setting off.
habiller, to dress, clothe; — de,
to dress in ; s' — , to diess.
habit, m. t coat; //., clothes.
habitant, m., inhabitant, résident, habitation,/, habitation, house.
habiter, to inhabit, live in, îive.
habitude, /., habit, usual way ;
d' — , usual; avaient leurs
— s, were in the habit of
frequenting.
habitué, -e, accustomed; 01.,
habitué, fréquenter.
'hache,/, axe.
'hagard, -e, haggard, wild.
'haie, /., hedge; — s viyes,
quickset hedges, green hedge-
rows.
'haillon, m. t rag, scrap (of cloud,
etc.), 'haine,/, hatred, aversion, haleine, /., breath, breath of
wind.
'haler, to tow.
'haleter, to pant, puff.
'halle, /, market; pi., central
market.
'hallebarde,/, halberd.
'hanche,/, hip, haunch.
'hangar, m., shed, cart house.
'hanter, to haunt, be generally
found in.
'happer, to snap, seize, 'hardes, /.//., clothes.
'hardi, -e, bold.
'hardiment, boldly.
harmonieu-x, -se, harmonious,
melodious. 'harponner, to harpoon.
'hasard, m., chance; par — , by
chance.
'hasarder, to venture; se — , to
venture, risk or expose (one-
self), risk or try it.
'hâter, to hasten; se —, to
hasten, hurry.
'haussemei>t, m., shrug.
'hausser, to elevate, raise,
