IÔ
VOCABULARY
attrister, to afflict, trouble.
attroupement, m., mob, crowd.
attrouper, to assemble, gather.
aube,/., dawn.
aucun, -e, any, none, no.
audace,/., insolence, boldness.
audacieusement, boldly.
au-dessus, over, above.
au-devant de, towards, in front, auditoire, m., congrégation, audience, augure, m., omen, token.
auguste, sacred, vénérable, aujourd'hui, to-day, now.
auprès (de), near, to.
aussi, also, so, as.
aussitôt, immediately, — que,
as soon as.
austérité, /., severity, sternness. autant, as much, as many.
autel, m., altar.
auteur, /., author, cause, authenticité, /., genuineness.
autoriser, to authorise.
autorité, /., authority, power.
autour (de), about, around.
autre, other.
autrement, otherwise.
Autrichien, -ne, Austrian.
avance,/, advance, start ; d' — ,
beforehand.
avancer, to advance, proceed.
avant, far, f orward, before ; en
— • ! f orward! en — de, before,
in front of.
avant-garde, /., advance guard.
avant-poste, m., out-post.
avarice,/, scantiness, lack.
avenir, m., future, futurity.
aventurier, m., adventurer.
avertir, to warn, inform.
aveu, m., confession, acknow-
ledgment.
aveuglement, m., blindness.
avidement, eagerly.
avilissement, m., dégradation.
avis, m., opinion, judgment, ad-
vice.
avocat, m., advocate, lawyer,
avoir, to hâve.
avouer, to conf ess, acknowledge.
bac, m., ferry.
baïonnette,/., bayonet.
baiser, to kiss.
baiser, m., kiss.
baisser, to let down, lower, ebb?
décline, balancer, to balance, wavers
fluctuate.
balayer, to sweep.
balcon, m., balcony.
balle,/., bullet.
ballot, m., baie, package, ballotter, to toss about.
banc, m., bench, seat.
bande,/, band, company, gang, bandeau, m., bandage.
bannissement, m., banishment.
banquette,/, bench.
banquier, m., banker.
barbe,/., beard.
baron, m., baron, baronne,/, baroness.
barre,/, bar.
barreau, m., bar, barrier.
barrière,/, bar, barrier.
bas, -se, low, down; en — 9
below ; à — , down with.
base,/, foundation.
basque,/, flap, skirt.
bassesse, /., baseness, mean=
ness.
bastille,/, Bastile, fortress.
bataille, /., battle; en — , in
battle-array.
bâtiment, m., building.
bâton, m., stick, staff.
battement, m., beating. battre, to beat, strike, clap.
beau, bel, belle, beautiful, fine,
handsome.
beaucoup, many, much.
beauté,/, beauty.
VOCABULARY
belle-sœur,/., sister-in-law.
bénédiction,/., blessing.
bénir, to bless.
berline,/., coach.
besoin, m., need, want.
bibliothécaire, m., librarian.
bibliothèque, /., library.
bien, m., good, benefit, prop-
erty.
bien, well, right; — que, al-
though.
bienfaisance,/., kindness, good
will.
bienfait, m., benefit, favor.
bientôt, soon.
bière,/., béer.
billet, m., note, letter.
bizarre, odd, singular.
blanc, -he, white.
blessé, -e, wounded.
blesser, to wound.
boire, to drink.
bois, m., wood, forest.
bombarder, to bombard.
bon, -ne, good, kind.
bonheur, m., happiness, pros-
perity, good fortune. bonhomie, good nature, sim-
plicity.
bonnet, m., cap.
bonté,/., goodness, kindness.
bord, m., bank, side, edge.
border, to border, borne,/., limit, bounds.
borner, to limit, restrict.
bouche,/., mouth.
bouclier, m., buckler, shield.
bouffée,/., puff, blast, whiff.
boulet, m., bail.
boulevard, m., boulevard (wide
street).
bouleverser, to overthrow,
trouble, bourgeois, -e, middle-class, citizen, bourreau, m., executioner, ty-
rant, butcher.
bout, m., end, extremity.
bouteille, /., bottle.
boutique,/., shop.
branche,/, branch.
brandir, to brandish.
branler, to shake, move.
braquer, to turn, point, bras, ?n., arm.
brasseur, m., brewer.
brave, honest, good, kind.
braver, to defy, dare.
br-ef, -ève, brief, concise.
bréviaire, m., prayer-book, bre-
viary.
bride,/., bridle; à toute— , at
full speed.
brigand, m., ruffian, briguer, to seek, court, briller, to shine, glitter, sparkle.
brique,/, brick, briser, to break, brosser, to brush.
bruit, m., noise, sound, report, brûlant, -e, scorching, hot,
eager.
brûler, to burn.
brume,/, fog, mist.
brun, -e, brown.
brusque, blunt, rough.
bruyant, -e, noisy, loud.
bûcher, m., funeral-pile, bonfire.
bureau, m.} table, desk.
buste, m. } bust.
ça, hère; — et là, hère and
there.
cabinet, m., study, cabinet,
office ; — de lecture, reading-
room.
cabriolet, m., cab.
cacher, to hide, conceal.
cachet, m., seal.
cachot, w., dungeon.
cadavre, «?., corpse, body.
calcul, m., calculation, selfish-
ness.
VOCABULARY
calculer, to calculate, contrive.
calice, m., cup. calmer, to quiet, pacify.
calomnier, to slander.
calvaire, m., Calvary.
camarade, m.f., comrade.
campagne,/., country.
camper, to encamp, be en-
camped.
canon, m., cannon, gun.
canonnier, m., gunner.
cantique, m., hymn.
capitaine, m., captain.
capituler, to capitulate, surren-
der.
capti-f, -ve, captive, prisoner.
car, for, because.
caractère, m., character.
carafe,/., décanter, water-bottle.
carré, m., square, carte,/, card.
cas, m., case, event.
caserne,/, barracks.
caserner, to quarter.
casser, to break, annul, rescind.
causer, to talk.
cavalier, m., horseman, rider, cave,/, cellar, vault.
ce, cet, m., cette, /., ces, //.,
this, thèse, that, those.
ceci, this.
céder, to give up, yield.
ceindre, to gird on, put on, en-
circle.
ceinture,/, sash, belt.
ceinturon, m.y belt.
cela, that.
célèbre, celebrated, famous.
célébrer, to celebrate.
celui, m., celle,/, ceux, celles,
pi., he, him, she, her, they,
them, that, those.
cendre,/, ashes.
cent, hundred.
centaine,/, hundred.
cependant, however, neverthe-
less.
cercle, m., circle.
cerise,/, cherry.
cerner, to surround, hem in.
certitude,/, certainty.
cesse, /., ceasing ; sans- — , con«
stantly.
cesser, to cease, leave off.
ceux, pi. of celui. .
chacun, -e, every one, each.
chaîne,/, chain.
chaise,/, chair, seat.
chaleur,/, heat, warmth.
chambre,/, chamber, room ; —
à coucher, bed-room.
champ, m., field.
chanceler, to stagger.
changement, m., change, chang»
ing.
changer, to change, alter.
chant, m., singing, song.
chanter, to sing.
chapeau, m., hat.
chapelle,/, chapel.
chaque, each, every.
char, m., car, chariot, charger, to load, entrust, charge,
fall upon ; se — , to under-
take.
charrette,/, cart.
chasser, to expel, drive, chasseur, m., hunter, sports-
man.
château, m., castle, citadel.
chaux,/, lime, chavirer, to slip, move.
chef, m;, chief, head.
chef-d'œuvre (shè-deuvr), m.t
master-piece.
chemin, m., way, road.
cheminée,/, fire-place, manteL
shelf.
chêne, m., oak.
ch-er, -ère, dear, beloved.
chercher, to seek, look for.
cheval, m., horse ; à — , on
horseback.
chevalerie,/, knighthood, chiv-
alry.
cheveu, m.t hair.
VOCABULARY
chez, at, to, in, at the house of.
chien, m., dog.
chiffre, m., figure, number.
choc, m., shock, encounter,
collision, choisir, to choose, pick out.
choix, m., choice.
chose,/., thing. chrétien, -ne, Christian, christianisme, m., Christianity.
chuchotement, m., whispering.
Chute,/"., fall, overthrow.
cicatrice,/., scar.
ciel, m., heaven, the heavens,
sky.
cimetière, m., cemetery.
cinq, five.
cinquante, fifty.
circonstance, /., circumstance,
occasion, circuler, to circulate, pass.
cire,/., wax.
cirque, m., circus.
ciseaux, m. pi., scissors.
citoyen, m., citizen.
citron, m., lemon.
clair, -e, clear, plain.
clairement, clearly, plainly.
clameur, /., outcry, shout.
classe,/, class, rank.
clef {klé),f., key.
clément, -e, merciful, lenient.
clergé, m., clergy.
client, m., follower.
cliquetis, m., clatter, rattling.
cloche,/, bell.
cloison,/., partition, cloître, m., cloister.
cocher, m., coachman.
cœur, m., heart.
coiffer, to put on the head.
coiffure,/, head-dress, hair.
coin, m., corner, colère,/, anger, wrath.
coller, to stick, press.
colonne, column.
combattre, to fight, contend,
struggle.
combiner, to combine.
comble, m., height, consummation, summit.
comité, m., committee.
commandant, m., commander, governor.
commandement, m., command.
commander, m., to command, order.
comme, as, like, so.
commencer, to begin.
comment, how. [quaintance.
commerce, m., intercourse, ac-
COmmis, m., clerk.
commisération,/., pity.
commissaire, m., commissioner.
commun, — e, common, gênerai.
commune,/, city government.
communication, /., communication, passage.
compagnon, m., companion.
comparution,/., appearance.
complaisance, /., kindness, good-will.
compl-et, -ète, complète, full.
complètement, entirely.
complice, m./., accomplice.
complicité, /., complicity, participation.
compliqué, -e, complicated, intricate.
complot, m., plot, conspiracy.
comprendre, to comprehend, include, understand.
comprimer, to quell, check ; se — , to sink, shrink.
compromettre, to compromise.
compte, m., account, reckoning.
compter, to count, calculate, include.
comte, m., Count.
concéder, to grant, yield.
concentrer, to concentrate.
concerter (se), to plan, deliberate.
concevoir, to word, express,, conceive.
concierge, m./., door-keeper.
concilier, to reconcile.
concitoyen, m., fellow-citizen.
concours, m., coopération, assistance.
condamné {m silent), m., condemned, convict.
condamner {m silent), to condemn, blâme.
conduire, to lead, guide, drive.
conduite,/., conduct.
confédéré, -e, confederate, allied.
confesser, to confess, hear the confession of.
confiance,/., confidence, trust.
confiant, -e, confident, sure.
confidence,/., secret, disclosure.
confident, m., confidant.
confier, to confide, intrust.
confondre, to confound, confuse, mix.,
conforme, conformable, consistent.
confus, -e, indistinct, confused, mixed.
confusément, confusedly.
congédier, to dismiss.
conjecturer, to apprehend,
conjurer, to implore, ward off.
connaissance,/., knowledge.
connaître, to know, understand.
conquête,/., conquest.
consacrer, to dévote ; hallow, ■ sanctify.
conseil, m.s counsel, advice, council.
conseiller, to advise.
conseiller, m., counselor, adviser.
consentement, m., consent.
consentir, to consent, agrée to.
conservation,/., préservation.
conserver, to préserve.
consigne,/, orders, instructions.
consigner, to keep in, confine.
consolant, -e, consoling, comforting.
consommer, to consummate, perforai, finish.
conspiration, /., conspiracyt plot.
constater, to prove, verify.
consterner, to dismay, dishearten.
constituant, -e, constitutional.
constituer, to make ; organize.
construire, to construct, build.
consumer, to consume, waste.
contempler, to regard, look at.
contenir, to contain, restraina repress.
contester, to dispute, contend.
contigu, -ë, adjoining.
continu, -e, continuous, incessant.
contraire, contrary.
contraster, to contrast.
contre, against.
contrister, to grieve.
convaincre, to convince, persuade, convict.
convenable, suitable, proper.
convenir, to agrée upon, suit, become.
convoquer, to convoke, convene, call together.
corde,/, cord, rope.
cordon, m., string, cord.
cordonnier, m., shoemaker.
corps, m., body; — de garde, guard-house ; — à — , hand to hand.
cortège, m., train, escort, prc cession.
côté, m., side, way, manner, direction ; d'un — , on the one hand.
COU, m., neck.
couché, -e, lying down.
coucher, to put to bed, lay down, lie, sleep.
coucher, m., going to bed, sleep* ing ; chambre à — , bedroom.
coude, m., elbow.
coudoyer, to elbow, jostle.
couler, to flow, run.
couleur,/, color.
VOCABULARY
couloir, m., passage, corridor.
coup, tn.y blow, shot ; — de feu,
shot ; — de pistolet, pistol
shot ; tout à — , suddenly.
coupable, guilty, criminal.
couper, to eut, eut off, interrupt.
cour,/., court, yard, courageu-x, -se, courageous,
brave, courir, to run, hasten.
couronne,/., crown.
couronnement, m., coronation.
couronner, to crown.
courrier, m., messenger.
cours, m., course, stream, cur-
rent.
course,/., race, run, pace.
court, -e., short.
courtisan, m., courtier, couteau, m., knife.
coûter, to cost.
couvent, m., convent, monastery.
couverture, /., cover, counter-
pane.
couvrir, to cover, protect.
craindre, to fear.
crainte,/., fear, appréhension, crainti-f , -ve, timid.
crayon, m., pencil.
créer, to create.
créneau, m., embrasure, loop-
hole.
crêpe, m., crape.
creuser, to dig, deepen.
cri, m., cry, scream.
cribler, to riddle.
crier, to cry, shout, scream.
crieur, m., crier.
crochet, m., hook.
croire, to believe.
croiser, to cross, level, lower
(a bayonet). croissant, -e, growing, increas-
ing.
croître, to grow.
croix,/., cross, croûte,/., crust.
cruauté,/., cruelty.
cruellement, cruelly, pitilessly.
cuiller,/., spoon.
cuir, m., leather.
cuisine,/., kitchen.
culotte,/., breeches.
culte, m., religion, worship, vénération.
cynique, cynical, impudent.
dalle,/., fiag-stone, tile.
damas, m., damask.
dame,/., lady.
danser, to dance.
dard, m., point.
davantage, more.
débander, to disband.
débattre (se), to struggle.
déblai, m., rubbish.
déboucher, to open, corne out.
debout, upright, standing.
débris, m., remains, remnant, ruins.
décapiter, to behead.
décembre, m., December.
décence,/., decency, propriety.
décerner, to award.
décharge,/., discharge.
décharger, to release, relieve.
déchéance,/., overthrow, fall.
déchirant, -e, heart-rending.
déchiré, -e, torn, ragged.
déchirement, m., lacération, anguish.
déchirer, to tear, lacerate.
déchu, -e, fallen.
décider, to décide, induce, détermine; se — , to make up one's mind.
déclarer, to déclare.
découler, to fiow, proceed.
découper, to eut up, carve.
décourager, to discourage, dishearten.
découvrir, to uncover, discover.
décret, m., decree, order.
décréter, to decree, order.
décrire, to describe.
décrocher, to take down.
dédaigner, to disdain, scorn.
dédain, m., disdain, scorn.
défaire, to undo, defeat.
défaite,/., defeat.
défaut, m., defect, fault.
défection, /., falling off, désertion.
défendre, to défend, protett, forbid.
défense, prohibition.
défenseur, m., defender, counsel.
défi, m., défiance, challenge.
défiance,/., distrust, suspicion.
défilé, m., narrow pass, passage.
défiler, to file, march past.
définiti-f, -ve, définitive, final.
dégager, to disengage, extricate.
dégoût, m.y disgust.
dégoûter, to disgust, discourage.
dégoutter, to drip.
degré, m., step; par — s, gradually.
déguiser, to disguise.
dehors, m., outside ; en — , outside.
déjà, already.
déjeuner, m., breakfast.
délabré, -e, tattered, shabby.
délai, m., delay.
délateur, m., informer.
délation,/., information, denunciation.
délibérer, to consider.
délicatesse,/, refinement.
délices,///., delight, pleasure.
délicieu-x, -se, beautiful, delightful.
délire, m., raving.
délit, m., offense; en flagrant — , in the very act.
délivrer, to deliver, release.
déloyal, -e, false, treacherous.
demain, to-morrow
demande,/, request.
demander, to ask, request, ask
for.
démarche,/, proceeding, step.
démence, /., insanity, madness.
demeure,/, abode, dwelling.
demeurer, to live, lodge, remain, demi, -e, half.
demi-voix,/, undertone.
démocratie (tie = de), /., de=
mocracy.
dénégation,/, déniai, dénoncer, to announce, proclaim.
dénonciation,/, déclaration, dénouement, m., conclusion, dent,/, tooth.
dénuement, m., destitution,
want.
départ, m., departure.
dépasser, to go beyond, exceed.
dépaver, to take up the pavement of.
dépeindre, to describe, repre-
sent.
dépense, /., expense, expendi-
ture.
dépérir, to perish, pine away.
déplacement, m., change, déplacer, to change.
déplier, to unfold.
déplorer, to regret, déportation,/, banishment.
déposer, to place, dépose.
dépôt, m., deposit, store, dépouille,/, spoils, booty.
dépouiller, to strip, lay aside.
dépourvu, -e, stripped, de=
prived. dépraver, to déprave, depuis, since, from, after; —
que, since.
député, m., delegate.
dériver, to proceed.
derni-er, -ère, last, latter, mean-
est.
dérobé, -e, secret, dérober, to rob, conceal, hide.
dérouler, to unroll, spread out derrière, behind.
VOCABULARY
dès, from; — que, as soon as.
désarmer, to disarm.
désavouer, to disown, deny.
descendre, to go down, get
down, alight.
désemparer, to go away, ad-
journ.
désert, -e, solitary, deserted.
désespéré, -e, hopeless, des-
perate, one in despair.
désespérer, to despair.
désespoir, m., despair, despera-
tion.
déshabiller, to undress.
désigner, to designate, appoint, désintéressé, -e, disinterested.
désir, m., désire, wish.
désirer, +o désire, wish.
désobéir, to disobey.
désordre, m.f disorder, confusion, désormais, henceforth.
dessécher, to dry up, dessein m., design, intention ;
à — , intentionally.
dessous, m., worst, disadvan-
tage.
dessus, m., upper hand, advan-
tage.
dessus, on, upon, over.
destiner, to intend.
destituer, to dismiss.
détachement, m., detachment,
troop.
détacher, to loosen.
dételer, to unharness, unhitch.
détenu, m., prisoner.
déterrer, to dig up, find.
détourné, -e, retired, indirect.
détourner, to turn away, turn
aside.
détromper, to undeceive.
détrôner, to dethrone.
détruire, to destroy.
dette,/., debt.
deuil, m., mourning, grief,
gloom.
deux, two.
devancer, to get before, out*
strip, anticipate.
devant, before, in front of, in
the présence of.
devenir, to become.
deviner, to predict, guess.
dévoiler, to unveil, reveal. devoir, m., duty.
devoir, to owe, must, ought.
dévorer, to devour, consume.
dévouement, m,, dévotion, zeal.
dévouer, to dévote, consecrate.
dieu, m., God.
digne, worthy.
dilater, to expand, become
light.
dimanche, m., Sunday.
diminuer, to diminish, slacken.
dîner, m., dinner.
dîner, to dine.
dire, to tell, say..
directement, directly.
directoire, m., directory.
diriger, to direct, guide.
discours, m., speech, address.
discuter, to discuss, argue, disgrâce, /., misfortune, down-
fall.
disjoindre, to part, separate.
disparaître, to vanish, disap-
pear.
disperser, to disperse, scatter.
disponible, available.
disposé, -e, inclined, ready,
prepared.
disposer, to prépare, make
ready.
disposition,/., arrangement.
disputer, to contend for, dispute, disséminer, to scatter.
dissiper, to scatter, disperse, dissoudre, to dissolve, break
up.
distinctement, clearly, plainly.
distinguer, to discern, distin-
guish.
distraction,/., récréation, relief.
VOCABULARY
distraire, to take off, distract.
distribuer, to distribute, divide.
divers, -e, various, différent.
divin, -e, divine, heavenly.
diviniser, to hallow, consecrate.
diviser, to divide.
dix, ten.
dogme, m., dogma, tenet.
doigt, m., finger.
domesticité, /., servants.
domestique, m., servant, house-
hold.
domicile, m., abode, résidence.
dominer, to rule, prevail, rise
above, command.
don, m., gif t.
donc, therefore, then.
donner, to give.
dont, whose, of which, of whom.
dormir, to sleep.
dossier, m., back.
doubler, to double.
douceur, /., sweetness, gentle-
ness, pleasure.
douleur,/., grief, sorrow.
douloureusement, sadly.
douloureu-x, -se, painful, sor-
rowful. doute, m., doubt.
douter, to doubt; se — , to suspect.
douteu-x, -se, doubtful, am-
biguous.
dou-x, -ce, sweet, gentle, pleas-
ant.
douze, twelve.
dragon, m., dragoon.
drapeau, m., flag, standard, dresser, to erect, put up, raise,
arrange.
droit, -e, right.
droit, m., right, law.
dû, due, due.
duc, m., duke.
dur, -e, hard, harsh.
durée,/., duration.
durer, to last.
dureté,/., hardness, harshness.
eau, /., water; de-vie, /.,
brandy.
éblouir, to dazzie, fascinate.
ébranler, to shake, move.
écarter, to remove, push aside.
ecclésiastique, m., clergyman,
priest.
échafaud, m., scaffold.
échanger, to exchange.
échapper, to escape.
échauffer, to heat, excite, échoppe,/., shop.
échouer, to fail.
éclair, m., lightning, flash, éclairer, to light, enlighten, in-
struct.
éclat, m.y brightness, brilliancy,
outburst, fragment, éclatant, -e, bright, brilliant.
éclater, to break out, appear.
écorce,/., peel, shell.
écouler (s'), to pass, go away.
écouter, to listen, listen to, hear.
écraser, to crush.
écrier (s'), to cry out, ex-
claim.
écrire, to write.
écriteau, m., placard, écriture,/., writing.
écrivain, m., writer, author.
écrouler (s'), to fall, collapse,
perish.
écueil, m., reef, rock, écume,/., froth, foam.
écurie,/., stable.
effacer, to obliterate.
effet, m., effect, conséquence!
en — , in reality.
effigie,/., effïgy, figure.
efforcer (s'), to strive, try.
effrayer, to f righten, alarm.
effroi, m., fright, consternation.
égal, -e, equal, uniform.
également, equally, also.
égaler, to equal.
égalité,/., equality.
VOCABULARY
égaré, -e, misguided, lost, wild,
bewildered.
égarer, to mislead, impair.
égayer, to eniiven, cheer.
église,/., church.
égoïsme, m., selfishness.
égorger, to slaughter, kill.
élan, m., spring, dash.
élancer (s'), to rush, spring.
électeur, m., elector.
élevé, -e, raised, high.
élever, to raise, exalt, bring;
s' — , to rise.
éloigné, -e, distant, remote, far.
éloignement, m., distance, re-
moteness.
éloigner, to remove.
embarrasser, to embarrass.
embellir, to beautif y, adorn ;
s' — , to grow beautiful.
embouchure,/., junction, open-
ing.
embrassement, m., embrace.
embrasser, to embrace, clasp.
embrasure,/., recess.
embûche,/., snare, ambush.
émettre, to utter.
émeute,/., riot.
émigrer, to emigrate.
éminence,/., height, greatness.
émotion,/., feelings, stir, commotion, émouvoir, to move, agitate,
rouse.
emparer (s'), to take possession,
seize, empêcher, to prevent, hinder.
empire, m., government.
emploi, m., use. employer, to employ, use.
emporter, to carry away, take
away ; V — sur , to prevail
over.
empreindre, to imprint, stamp.
emprisonnement, m., imprison-
ment.
emprisonner, to imprison, emprunter, to borrow, assume.
ému, -e, moved, affected, excited.
encaisser, to hem in, enclose.
enceinte,/, inclosure, precincts, place.
enchaîner, to chain, f etter.
enchevêtrement, m., entanglement, confusion.
encombrer, to obstruct.
encore, yet, still, again, also.
encourager, to encourage.
encre,/, ink.
endormi, -e, asleep, sleeping.
endormir (s'), to fall asleep.
endroit, m., place, spot.
endurcir, to harden.
énergiquement, vigorously.
enfance,/, childhood.
enfant, m./., child.
enfermer, to shut up, inclose. •
enfin, finally, at length.
enfoncer, to sink, bury, plunge, break in, pull down.
enfouir, to hide, bury.
engagement, m.} promise, pledge.
engager, to engage, induce, involve.
engorger, to obstruct, block up.
enhardir, to embolden, encourage.
enivrer, to intoxicate.
enjoindre, to enjoin, direct.
enlacer, to entwine, clasp.
enlever, to lift, take off, remove.
ennemi, m., enemy.
ennemi, -e, hostile.
ennoblir, to ennoble, exalt.
énoncer, to state, express.
énorme, enormous, huge.
enrégimenter, to form into régiments.
enseigne,/, mark, sign.
enseignement, m., instruction, teaching.
enseigner, to teach.
ensemble, m., whole, harmony.
ensemble, together.
VOCABULARY
ensevelir, to bury.
ensuite, afterwards, then, -
entasser, to pile up, pack together.
entendre, to hear, understand.
enti-er, -ère, entire, whole.
entourer, to surround.
entraînement, m.s impulse, temptation.
entraîner, to carry away, drag down, win over.
entraver, to hinder, impede.
entre, between, among.
entre-déchirer (s'), to tear one another to pièces.
entrée, /., entrance, beginning.
entreprendre, to undertake, attempt.
entreprise,/., enterprise, undertaking.
entrer, to enter.
entre-regarder (s'), to look at each other.
entretenir, to hold, keep up, préserve; s' — , to talk.
entretien, m., maintenance, conversation, conférence.
entrevue, /., interview.
entr'ouvert, -e, partly open.
entr'ouvrir, to half-open.
envelopper, to wrap up, surround.
envers, towards, to.
envie,/., wish, désire.
environ, about, nearly.
environner, to surround,,
environs, m. pi., vicinity.
envoyer, to send.
épaissir (s'), to grow thick, become big.
épancher, to pour out.
épargner, to spare.
épars, -e, scattered.
épaule,/, shoulder.
épée,/, sword.
épicier, m., grocer.
épier, to watch, be on the watch.
épingle,/., pin.
éploré, -e, in tears, weeping.
épouse, /., wife.
épouvanter, to terrify, frighten
époux, m., husband.
éprouver, to feel, expérience.
épuisement, m., exhaustion.
épuiser, to exhaust, use up.
équipage, m., carriage, turnout,
éraillé, -e, frayed.
errer, to wander.
escadron, m., squadron.
escalader, to scale, clirab.
escalier, m., stairs.
esclave, m.f., slave.
escorte,/, escort.
escorter, to accompany.
espace, m., space, place.
espèce,/, kind.
espérance,/, hope.
espérer, to hope, expect.
espion, m., spy.
espionner, to spy, watch for.
espoir, m., hope.
esprit, m., spirit, mind, intellect.
essayer, to try.
essuyer, to wipe.
estimer, to value.
établir, toestablish, set, fix, place.
établissement, m., setting up,
settling.
étage, m., story, floor.
état, m., state, condition ; —
major, staff, staff -officers; -s
généraux, states-general.
été, m., summer.
éteindre, to extinguish, quenchs
stop, étendre, to spread, stretch.
étendue,/, extent, length.
éternellement, continually.
étoffe,/, stuff, material.
étonnement, m., astonishment,
wonder. étonner, to astonish, amaze.
étouffer, to suffocate. smother,
suppress.
étrang-er, -ère, strange, foreign,
foreigner, foreign country.
VOCABULARY
étrangler, to strangle.
être, to be.
être, m., being.
étreinte,/., clasping, embrace.
étroit, -e, narrow.
étude, /., study.
évacuer, to evacuate, clear.
évader (s'), to escape.
évaluer, to estimate.
évangile, m., Gospel.
évanoui, -e, in a swoon, uncon-
scious.
évasion,/., escape, flight.
éveiller, to awake, rouse, excite.
événement, m., event, occur-
exalter, to exalt, excite, elate.
examen, m., examination. exceptéj except, excepting.
excès, m., excess, abuse.
exécuter, to carry out.
exécuteur, m., executor, execu-
tioner.
exercer, to exercise, practice,
exert.
exhaler (s'), to be emitted.
exiger, to demand.
exil, m., exile, banishment.
explication,/, explanation.
expliquer, to explain.
exposer, to expose, show, state.
exposition,/, exhibition, expos-
ure.
exprimer, to express, press.
extérieur, -e, outside.
extérieur, m., outward appear-
ance.
extérieurement, outwardly.
exterminer, to exterminate, de-
stroy.
extraordinaire, extraordinary,
spécial.
facile, easy.
façon,/, way, manner.
factieu-x, -se, seditious.
faction,/, watch, duty.
factionnaire, m., sentinel.
faille, weak, feeble.
faiblesse, /, weakness.
faim,/, hunger, appetite.
faire, to make, do, cause; — part,
to communicate.
fait, m., fact, act, doing.
falloir, must, be necessary, be
obliged. [éd.
fameu-x, -se, famous, celebratfamille,/, family.
fatigué, -e, tired.
fatiguer, to tire, weary.
faubourg, m., suburb.
faute,/, fault, mistake.
fauteuil, m., arm-chair.
fau-x, -sse, false, wrong.
faveur,/, favor, help.
favoriser, to aid.
fédéré, federate.
feindre, to prétend, félicité,/, happiness.
féliciter, to congratulate.
femme,/, woman, wife.
fendre, to split, break, part, fenêtre,/, window.
fer, m., iron, fetter.
ferme, tirm, steady.
fermentation, /., ferment, ex-
citement.
fermer, to shut, shut up, close, fermeté,/, firmness.
féroce, ferocious, fierce.
ferré, -e, iron-pointed.
fête,/, holiday, festival.
feu, m., tire; faire — , to fire;
— de file, file flring.
feuille,/, leaf, sheet.
feuilleter, to turn the leaves of.
fidèle, trusty, faithful.
fier (à), (se), to trust, rely.
fi-er, -ère, proud, haughty.
fierté,/., pride.
fièvre,/, fever.
figure,/, face.
fil, m., thread.
VOCABULARY
filial, -e, filial, childlike.
fille,/., girl.
fils, m., son.
fin,/., end.
finir, to finish, end.
fixe, m., fixed, firm.
fixer, to fix, fasten.
fixité,/., fixedness.
flagrant, -e ; en — délit, in the
very act.
flamboyer, to blaze.
flamme,/., flame, blaze.
flanc, m., side.
flanquer, to flank, guard.
fléchir, to bend, move.
flétrissant, -e, humiliating.
fleur,/., flower, blossom.
fleuve, m., river, flocon, ?n., flake, tuft.
flot, m., flood, cloud, crowd.
flotter, to float, waft, fluctuate.
foi, /., f aith.
fois, /., time ; à la — , at the
same time.
fonction,/., office, duty.
fond, m., bottom, end, back
part, depth.
fonder (se), to rely.
fondre, to melt, cast, fall, burst.
fontaine,/., fountain.
force, /., strength, might ; à —
de, by dint of.
forcené, madman.
forcer, to force, compel, break
through.
forêt,/., forest.
forger, to forge.
former, to form, train.
fort, -e, strong.
fortement, strongly, vigorously.
forteresse, /., fortress, strong-
hold.
fortifier, to fortify.
fosse,/, grave.
fou, fol, folle, mad, foolish, wild.
fou, m., madman.
foudroyer, to batter, riddle.
fouet, m., whip.
fouiller, to search.
foule,/, crowd.
fouler, to tread, trampîe.
fourchette,/, fork.
fournir, to furnish.
fourrage, m., fodder, forage, fourreau, m., scabbard, sheath.
foyer, w.,hearth,hot-bed, source fracas, m., crash, noise, fraîcheur, /., f reshness.
fra-is, -îche, cool, fresh.
franc, -he, free, frank.
français, -e, French.
franchir, to pass, pass over.
frapper, to strike, knock.
frêle, frail, weak. frémir, to tremble, frémissement, w.,shudder,thrilL frère, ?n., brother.
frisson, m., shudder.
froid, m., cold.
froid, -e, cold, cool, indiffèrent, froideur, /., indifférence, cool-
ness.
froissement, m., rumpling, dis-
order.
froisser, to strike, rub.
front, m., forehead.
frontière,/, frontier, border, fruitière, /., f ruit-woman.
fuir, to fiée, run away.
fuite,/, flight.
fumée,/, smoke.
funèbre, funereal.
funérailles,///., funeral.
fureur,/, fury, madness, rage, furieu-x, -se, furious, enraged, furti-f, -ve, stealthy, secret, furtivement, secretly.
fusil, (-zi), m., musket, gun.
fusillade,/, firing, shooting.
gage, m., pledge.
gagner, to gain, win, reach.
galoper, to gallop.
VOCABULARY
garantir, to guarantee, insure, protect.
garde,/., watching, guard.
garde, m., keeper, guard ; — du corps, body-guard.
garder, to keep, préserve, guard.
gardien, m., guard.
garnir, to furnish, provide.
garnison,/., garrison.
gauche, left.
gémir, to groan, languish.
gémissement, m., groan, lamentation.
gendarme, m., policeman.
gendarmerie,/., armed police.
gêne,/, constraint, trouble.
généreu-x, -se, generous, courageous.
genou, m., knee. .
gens, m., people, persons.
gentilhomme, m., nobleman, gentleman.
geôlier, m., jailer.
géomètre, m., geometrician.
geste, m., gesture, action, sign.
gigantesque, gigantic, colossal.
gilet, m., waiscoat, vest.
gîte, m., home, shelter.
glace,/, ice, glass, mirror.
glissant, -e, slippery.
glisser, to slip, slide, introduce.
gloire, /., glory, pride.
gond, m., lange.
goût, m., taste.
goutte, /., drop.
gouvernante, /., governess.
gouverneur, m., governor, commander, tutor.
grabat, m., small bed, couch.
grâce,/., favor, charm.
gracieu-x, -se, graceful, pleasant.
gradin, m., step, tier. "
grammaire,/, grammar.
grand, -e, great, large.
grandeur,/, size, greatness.
grandir, to grow up, make grow, magnify.
graver, to engrave, impress.
gravois, m., plaster, mortar.
grief, m., complaint.
griHe,/., gâte.
gronder, to rumble, roar.
grosseur,/, size, bulk.
grossi-er, -ère, coarse, rude.
grossir, to increase, swell, magnify.
groupe, m., group.
grouper, to gather, collect in groups.
guère (ne), hardly, scarcely.
guerre,/, war.
guichet, m., gâte, wicket, door,
guider, to lead, direct.
* indicates h aspirate.
habile, able, skilful.
* habiller, to dress.
habit, m., dress, coat.
habiter, to live in.
habitude,/, habit, custom.
habitué, m., fréquenter, habituellement, habitually.
habituer, to accustom.
*hache,/, ax, hatchet.
* hacher, to hew, eut to pièces.
*haie,/, hedge, row.
* haillon, m., rag, tatters.
* haine,/, hâte, hatred.
*haïr, to hâte, haleine,/, breath.
* hallebarde,/, halberd.
* hanter, to haunt.
* haranguer, to harangue,
* harangueur, m., orator.
* harasser, to harass.
* hardi, -e, bold, intrepid.
* hardiesse,/, boldness.
* hardiment, boldly.
* hasard, m., chance, accident,
danger.
* hasarder, to risk, venture.
*hâte,/, haste.
VOCABULARY
* hâter, to hastenf hurry.
*hâti-f, -ve, eager, precocious,
prématuré.
* hausser, to raise.
* haut, -e, high, tall, loud.
*haut, m.y height, top.
* hautain, -e, haughty, proud.
* hautement, boldly.
* hauteur,/., height.
* hennissement, m., neighing.
herbe,/., grass.
héréditaire, hereditary.
* hérissé, -e, rough, shaggy.
* hérisser, to cover with bristles.
héritage, m., inheritance.
hériter, to inherit.
héritier, m.> heir.
héroïque, heroic.
héroïquement, heroically.
* héros, #z., hero.
hésiter, to hesitate.
heure,/., hour, time.
heureusement, happily, fortu-
nately.
heureu-x, -se, happy, fortunate.
hideu-x, -se, hideous, horrible.
hier, yesterday.
histoire, /., history, story.
hiver, (i-vèr), m., winter.
* hochet, m., toy, bauble.
hommage, m., homage, respect.
homme, m., man.
honnête, honest.
honnêtement, honestly.
honnêteté,/., honesty.
honneur, m., honor.
honorabilité,/, respectability.
honorer, to honor.
* honte,/., shame, disgrâce.
*honteusement, shamef ully, dis-
gracefully.
* honteux, -se, ashamed, bash-
ful.
horloge,/., clock.
horreur, /., horror, dread.
*hors, out, beyond.
hospice, m., hospital.
hôte, m., host, guest.
hôtel, m., mansion ; — de ville,
town-hall.
huile, /., oil.
huissier, m., usher, door-keeper.
*huit, eight.
humain, -e, human, humane.
humanité, /., humanity, kind-
ness.
humeur,/, humor, disposition»
humide, damp, wet.
humilier, to humble, humiliate.
* hurlement, m., howl, roar.
* hurler, to howl, roar, shout.
idée,/, idea, notion, ignominie,/, disgrâce.
ignoré, -e, unknown, concealed.
ignorer, to be ignorant of, not
to know.
illustration, /., celebrity, re-
nown.
image,/, picture.
imiter, to imitate. immobile, motionless, firm.
immobilité, /., rest, immo-
bility.
immoler, to sacrifice, slay.
impassibilité, /., impassibility,
calmness.
impassible, undisturbed, un-
moved.
impatienter (s'), to become impatient.
impérieu-x, -se, imperious,
haughty.
impitoyable, pitiless, merciless.
impolitique, impolitic, ill-ad-
vised.
importer, to concern, matter.
importun, -e, troublesome, irk-
some.
imposer, to force upon, impose, imprécation,/, curse.
imprimer, to instill, give.
VOCABULARY
imprudemment, imprudently.
impuissant, -e, useless, powerless.
impulsion,/., impulse, impetus.
impunément, with impunity.
imputer, to attribute.
inanimé, -e, inanimate, lifeless.
inattendu, -e, unexpected.
incertitude,/., uncertainty, suspense.
incliner, to bow, stoop.
inconnu, -e, unknown, unknown person.
inconstance, /., inconstancy, fickleness.
indécis, -e, undecided.
indigence,/., poverty.
indigent, -e, poor, poverty stricken.
indigné, -e, indignant.
indigner, to make indignant.
indiquer, to indicate, point out.
individu, m., person.
inégalement, unequally, unevenly.
infaillible, infallible.
infailliblement, infallibly, unerringly.
informer, to inform ; s' — , to inquire.
infortune, /., misfortune, adversity.
infortuné, -e, unfortunate.
ingrat, -e, ungrateful, unprofitable.
inhabité, -e, uninhabited.
injure,/., insuit.
injurieu-x, -se, abusive, offensive.
inné, -e, inborn, inbred.
innocemment, innocently.
innombrable, innumerable.
inonder, to overfiow, overrun.
inopinément, unexpectedly, suddenly.
inqui-et, -ète, uneasy, restless.
inquiétude,/, anxiety, fear.
inquisition,/, inquiry, search.
inscrire, to inscribe.
insensible, unfeeling, hardhearted.
insensiblement, gradually.
insigne, m., badge, pi., insignia.
insistance,/, entreaty.
insomnie, /., sleeplessness.
insouciance,/, carelessness.
insouciant, -e, careless, thoughtless.
inspirer, to inspire.
installer, to install, place.
instance,/, entreaty.
instant, m., moment; à V — , instantly.
instruire, to teach, inform.
insu (à son), unknown to him.
insurgé, m., insurgent, rioter.
intact, -e, untouched.
intercepter, to intercept, interfère with.
interdire, to forbid.
intérêt, m., interest, concern.
intérieur, -e, interior, inward.
intérieur, m., inside.
intérieurement, inwardly, secretsintermédiaire, intermediate.
intermédiaire, m., médium, intervention ; par V — de, by means of.
interpréter, to interpret, explain.
interrogatoire, m., examination.
interroger, to question, inquire.
interrompre, to interrupt.
intervenir, to intervene.
intime, intimate, familiar.
intimider, to frighten.
intimité, /., intimacy, friendship.
intrépide, resolute, bold.
intrépidité,/, fearlessness.
introduire, to introduce, bring in.
inusité, -e, unusual.
inutile, useless, fruitless.
inutilement, uselessly.
VOCABULARY
invalide, m., pensioner.
invective,/., insuit.
invectiver, to utter insults.
investissement, m., investment, attack.
inviter, to invite.
irrécusable, undeniable, irrefu-
' table.
irrévérence, /., disrespect.
irrévocablement, withcertainty.
irriter (s'), to be provoked, exasperated.
irruption, /., irruption, bursting in.
isolé, -e, lonely, solitary.
isolement, m., isolation, solitude.
isolément, separately.
issue,/., outlet, event.
ivre, intoxicated.
ivresse, /., intoxication.
ivrognerie,/., drunkenness.
jaillir, to gush, burst out.
jamais, never, ever.
jambe,/, leg.
janvier, m., January.
jardin, m., garden.
jaunir, to make yellow.
jeter, to throw, cast.
jeu, m., game, sport.
jeune, young.
jeunesse,/, youth.
joie, /"., joy, delight.
joindre, to join, overtake.
joli, -e, pretty.
joncher, to strew.
joue,/, cheek.
jouer, to play.
jouet, m., plaything, laughingstock.
jouir, to enjoy, rejoice.
jouissance,/, enjoyment, satisfaction.
jour, m., day, daylight; pi., life.
journal, m., newspaper.
journée,/, day.
juge, m., judge.
jugement, m., judgment, trial,
sentence.
juger, to judge, think, believe.
juillet, m., July.
juin, m., June.
jurement, m., oath.
jurer, to swear.
jus, ;/z., juice.
jusqu'à, to, till, as far as, even0 jusque, up to, even; jusqu'ici^
till now; là, up to that
time.
juste, right, true.
juste, m., upright man.
là, there.
laborieu-x, -se, industrious.
lâche, dastardly, base, mean.
lâchement, basely.
lâcher, to loose, let go.
lâcheté,/, cowardice, baseness.
laisser, to leave, permit, allow.
lambeau, m., rag, shred, fragment.
lambris, m., ceiling, canopy.
lame,/, blade.
lamenter, to lament, mourn.
lancer, to hurl, throw, launch, start.
langue,/, tongue, language.
largeur,/, breadth.
larme,/, tear.
lasser, to tire, weary; se — 9 to hesitate.
lassitude,/, weariness.
laurier, m., laurel.
laver, to wash.
leçon,/, lesson.
lecture,/, reading; faire — de, to read.
légitimer, to justify.
legs (/<?), m., legacy, bequest.
léguer, to leave, bequeath.
lendemain, m., next day.
VOCABULARY
lent, -e, slow, tardy.
lentement, slowly.
lequel, who, that, which.
leur, to them, them, their.
lever, to lift, raise; se — , to
rise, get up.
lever, m., rising.
levier, m., lever, lèvre,/., lip.
libre, free.
librement, freely.
licencier, to disband, discharge.
lie,/., dregs.
lier, to bind.
lieu, m., place; avoir — , to take
place, lieue,/., league.
ligne,/., line, way.
linge, m., linen, bed-clothes.
lire, to read.
liste,/, list.
lit, m., bed, bedstead. liturgie,/, liturgy.
