Montmirail, Vauchanoips, Champaubert, localit!^^^ of
Paris. There, in 1814, Napoleon made a last stand against the invading armies of the European coalition.
3. Bliicher, the German general who, by his sudden approach, helped Wellington to win the day at Waterloo (June 18, 1815).
Page 16. — I. Foch (pronounce Fosh [foS]), the well-known general, afterwards Marshal of France and Commander-in-Chief of the Allied armies. At the first battle of the Marne, General Foch commanded the French center. At a critical moment, calling to his help the 42d French division, he finally succeeded in pushing back the Germans.
2. Sedan, on the Meuse river, in the department of the Ardennes. Napoleon the Third surrendered there with 100,000 soldiers, September i, 1870. In October, 191 8, the Americans advanced on Sedan, threatening the retreating German armies, just before the armistice of November 11, which ended the war.
Page 18. — I. le front de bandière, the front of the brigade in battle formation.
2. le grand chef, the chief, the French general who is going to decorate the men.
3. l'accolade, when a French soldier receives a medal, the presiding officer kisses him on both cheeks.
4. Sambre-et-Meuse, two rivers in northern France, on the Belgian border. The battles of Mons and Charleroi in August, 1 9 14, were fought on those rivers. Here the name of a French military anthem dating from the revolutionary war of 1792.
5. un bout de ruban jaune et vert, the ribbon of the médaille militaire. See Vocab.
6. le ruban rouge, the Legion of Honor, another decoration for bravery.
Page 19. — I. Voici une éternité que je n'ai eu de vos nouvelles, / have not heard from you for ages,
2. Kitchener, the British field-marshal who raised the armies of Great Britain against the German Kaiser. Lord Kitchener was lost at sea on the cruiser " Hampshire " in June, 1916, while on his way to Russia.
3. Long, dur, sûr, a slogan of the war meaning, it may he long and hard, but victory is beyond doubt.
4. Kiettpoft, a Belgian town on the North Sea. It marked, for four years, the farthest end of the trench line in Flanders.
5. Belfort (pronounced Béfort paefDir]), a town in Alsace, and the only part of that province left to France from 1871 to 191 8. Belfort made itself famous for its resistance against the Prussians in 1870. A monument, called the " Lion of Belfort," was erected to commemorate that event.
6. isn emplacement d'une centaine de mètres environ, a position covering about 100 meters {300 feet).
Page 20. — I. bourguignotte, the French war helmet. The name comes from a helmet of similar shape worn in the Middle Ages by the soldiers of the Duke of Burgundy {Bourgogne; adj. bourguignon).
Page 21. — I. crapouillots, a name for some trench mortars, on account of their similarity in shape to a squatting toad (crapaud). The same term was also applied to the bombs thrown by those mortars.
2. les savants manèges, the skilful moves (of the poilus running to avoid the air torpedoes).
Page 22. — i. Du sang-froid et surtout de l'ensemble dans les mouvements, be cool-headed and especially be sure to move together in the same direction,
2. Les hommes, avec un ensemble touchant, the men in pathetic accord,
3. La Maison du Passeur, a position on the Yser river near Dixmude, in Flanders. Much fighting took place there, in the autumn and winter of 19 14, between the Germans and the French naval brigade made up for the most part of French Bretons.
4. Dixmude, a Belgian city in Flanders, on the Yser river. Much contested between Germans, French and Belgians, it marked the farthest advance of the invaders in Belgium.
5. la Toussaint, AU Saints' day and the eve of the feast of the dead (November 2).
