IS

coloiiiale,colonial troops; — de marine, marines

infirmi-er, -ère, hospital attendant, nurse un ingénieur, engineer (civil engineer)

ingénieu-z, -se, ingenious s'initier (à), initiate oneself, be initiated

inné, -e, innate

innombrable, innumerable une inondation, flood

inondé, -e, inundated, flooded

inoti!, -e, unheard of

inquiéter, worry, disturb, make anxious; s' — , worry, be anxious

inscrire, inscribe un insigne, badge, sign, emblem une insistance, insistence

insister, insist

insolite, unusual

inspirer, inspire

installer, place, install, put, settle, set up; s' — ^ get settled, seat oneself

instantané, -«, instantaneous; un — , a snapshot (photo.)

instruire, instruct, drill une intendance, /. Commissariat, quartermaster corps

intéresser, interest un intérêt, interest

intérieur, -e, interior; V — ,

interior, home, inside; à V — f inside, also rear of the lines (in contrast to the front) interpeller, question un interprète, interpreter. See

interroger, question un interstice, opening

intimider, frighten

intrépide, iQtrepid, fearless, courageous une intrépidité, intrepidity

intriguer, puzzle

inutile, useless

inventer, invent

inviter, request

ira, fut, of aller; irait, conditional of same verb

isolé, -e, alone, isolated, cut off; des — s, stragglers

Jack- Johnson. See marmite jalou-z, -se, jealous jamais, ever; ne — , never la jambe, leg le jardin, garden jaune, yellow Jeanne d'Arc, Joan of Arc jeter, throw; se — , throw oneself le jeu, play, game, trick jeudi, Thursday jeune, young; — s gens, young men

la jeunesse, youth la Joie, joy joindre, join

joint, -«, joined; d ^

(here) enclosed joli, -«, fine, pretty joliment, " jolly well," extremely, mighty la joue, cheek; la — en feu, with flushed cheek jouer, play; — aux soldats, play soldiers; — à la guerre, play war le jour, day, daylight; par — 9 by or (in) a day; le petit — , daybreak; les petits — s, short days; huit — s, a week le journal, daily paper la journée, day

juger (de), judge, think of, imagine; à en — par, judging from juillet, m, July juin, m. June la jumelle or les — s, (field) glasses (for lunettes jumelles, twin glasses) le jupon, skirt, kilt jurer, swear

jusque, jusqu'à, till, until, as far as, to, up to, even; jusqu'ici, up to here, till

now; ^là, up to there,

up to that time juste, just, exact, right; adv. just, exactly; y voir — , see clearly

justement, exactly, it just happens that

le képi, soldier's cap

le kilomètre, kilometer (aboia

3280 feet) le Eronprinz, crown prince

(oldest son of the German

kaiser)

là, there; ^bas, yonder,

over there; par — ^ there; — -dessus, above there, thereupon; de — ^ hence.

See dedans, haut, jusque labourer, plow, rip (open) le laboureur, plowman le lacet, lace lâcher, loose, let go laid, -e, ugly, homely, I^in la laine, wool

laisser, let, allow, leave.

See peau le lait, milk

le lambeau, morsel, strip, fragment, piece; par — ^ piece by piece lancer, throw, fling, say or shout sharply; se — ^ throw oneself, spring, dash. See fusil la lande, heath, moor le langage, language la laque, lacquer

large, broad, wide; le — ^

VOCABULARY

the open sea; au — , off shore; prendre le — ^ pousser au — , make for the offing la larme, tear le laurier, laurel la leçon, lesson la légende, legend lég-er, -ère, light, slight,

swift légèrement, lightly,

sfightly, swiftly le légionnaire, soldier of the

Foreign Legion le lendemain, next day, day after lent, -e, slow lentement, slowly lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles, which, who, whom, that la lettre, letter

leur, their, them, to them lever, raise; se — , rise; le jour se lève, the day dawns la lèvre, lip

la liaison, connection, communication (tnilU,), junction la liberté, liberty

libre, free le lieu, place; au — de, instead of le lieutenant, lieutenant la ligne, line, firing line, front line. See section le liquide, liquid; — s en-

flammés, burning liquids {milit.) lire, read le liséré, edge, border, stripe la lisière, border, edge (of a

wood) le Ut, bed

littéralement, literally le livre, book la localité, locality, place logé, -«, housed, quartered, put up loger, live, stay, quarter, biUet le logis, house, dwelling loin (de), far, far off; au — i far off; de — en — , at long intervals, wide apart lointain, -e, distant Londres, London long, -ue, long; le — de, along; de — , in length longer, go along, travel

along longtemps, a long time,

long Lorrain, -«, native of Lorraine lourd, -e, heavy, clumsy le loustic, wag, joker

lu, -«, p.p. of lire, read la lueur, gleam, flash

lugubre, lugubrious, dismal lui, to him, to her, him,

her; emphatically he, it luire, gleam, glisten, flash

VOCABULARY

la lutte, struggle; de haute — f by main force \

le luxe, luxury

la machine, machine, motor car, flying machine magpoifique, magniflcent mai, m. May la main, hand maintenant, now maintenir, maintain, support mais, but; — cd, yes, I (you, they . . .) do la maison, house le maître, master; adj. maître, -esse, chief, main; la — sse branche, the main branch le major, physician, surgeon {milU.), major. See commandant mal, badly, ill; pas — de, a good many, not a little le mal, ill, evil, damage, harm malgré, in spite of; — tout, notwithstanding; — que, though le malheur, misfortune, sorrow, bad luck malheureusement, unfortunately malheureu-x, -se, unfortunate, unhappy malin, -e, clever, ma-

licious, shrewd; oh I les

— s I the clever rogues!

la manche, sleeve la Manche, English Channel le manchon, cover (for a cap) le manège, trick, maneuver,

move manger, eat manier, handle la manière, manner, way la manœuvre, maneuver,

drill, move manœuvrer, maneuver,

drill, handle, act manquer, fail, miss, be

missing; — de, lack;

rien ne nous manque,

we lack nothing; — au

rendez-vous, faU to turn

up le marchand, merchant; bateau — f merchantman,

trading ship marchander, bargain, beat

down (the price) la marchandise, merchandise,

goods la marche, march

marcher, march, advance le maréchal, field marshal le mari, husband la marine, navy le marmitage, shelling (slang) a marmite (slang) ^ heavy

shell, " Jack Johnson " marmiter, shell (wUh

" Jack Johnsons ") la marque, mark, stamp,

brand, make; de — américaine^ of American make marquer, mark, stamp, note, indicate; — les coups, observe where the shells fall la mai raine, godmother mars, m. March marteler, hammer le martyre, martyrdom, agony; un vrai — , a real agony la mascotte, mascot le masque, mask la masse, mass, bulk

masser, mass le massif, clump (of trees) le matin, morning; tm beau — , some fine day • mauvais, -e, bad, ill, evil

le mécanicien, engineer, machinist mécanique, mechanical; piano — , automatic piano la mécanique, mechanics, machinery le mécanisme, mechanism,

machinery la médaille, medal; — militaire, military medal (a French decoration for bravery) médaillé, -e, rewarded with a medal le médecin, physician méditer, meditate

meilleur, -e, better mélancolique, melancholy le mélange, mixture la mêlée, close fight

même, same (before the noun), very {after the noun); adv. even; tout de — , just the same.

See quand la menace, threat

menacer, threaten le ménage, housekeeping ménager, spare, have or take care of, bring about, prepare la ménagère, housekeeper

menteu-r, -se, liar

la menthe, mint; crème-de-

— f a liquor made of

mint; nickname of a tank

mentir, lie; faire — , give

the lie méprisable, contemptible la méprise, mistake, error lamer, sea; — du Nord, North Sea. See flotte merci, thanks; Dieu — !

thank God! — de, thanks for la mère, mother

mériter, merit, deserve; — de la patrie, show oneself worthy of one's native land la merveille, wonder; à — , wonderfully merveilleu-x, -se, wonderful

VOCABULARY

la messe, mass; grand'—, high mass

messieurs, pL 0/ monsieur, gentlemen la mesure, measure; à — que, according as, in proportion as

mesurer, measure

métallique, metallic

méthodiquement, methodically le métier, business, work, job, profession; faire son — , attend to one's business; de son — , by trade, by profession; être du — , be in the business le mètre, meter {French yard, $ç\ inches) ; à vingt — s Pune de l'autre, about sixty-five feet apart

mettre, put, place, lay, take, spend; — en ordre, set in order; se — à, begin to; se — à la fenêtre, go or stand at the window; se — de la partie, join in. See garde, genou les meubles, furniture

mi, -e, half. See côte

midi, noon la miette, crumb, piece; réduire en — s, tear to bits, break in splinters

mieux, better; de mon — , to the best of my ability;

faire de son — ^ do one's best; en attendant — ^ waiting for something better; du — que l'on peut, as best one can; tant — , so much the better mignon, -ne, cute, cunning le milieu, middle; en plein — ^ right in the middle militaire, military nulle, thousand; des — et des — ^ thousands upon thousands millier, thousand la mimique, dumb show la mine, mine minuit, midnight minuscule, tiny, small la minute, minute; un coup

à la — ^, a shot a minute; • d'une — à l'autre, at any moment le mioche ( /aw.), little child,

kiddy le miroir, mirror misérable, wretched, contemptible les misères, troubles la mission, mission; en — ^

on a mission la mitaine, mitten

mitrailler, sweep with shot or shell, shoot down la mitrailleuse, machine gun la mode, style, fashion

modeste, modest le moine, monk

VOCABULARY

moins, less; au —, du —,

at least; rien de moins,

nothing less; ne . . . pas

— ^ none the less le mois, month la moisson, harvest la moitié, half; à — f half le mollet, calf la molletière, puttee le moment, moment; au —

où, at the moment when le monde, world; tout le — ,

everybody le monoplan, monoplane le monstre, monster monter, climb; faire — ,

raise, take up, take

upstairs. See garde montrer, show moral, morale, spirits le morceau, morsel, piece,

fragment mordre, bite mort, -e, dead; un — , a

dead man or body. See

faire la mort, death; la — dans

Pâme, in despair mortel, -le, mortal, deadly le mortier, mortar; — de

tranchée, trench mortar le mot, word; — d'ordre,

password (mUU,); bon

— , pun, joke le moteur, motor la mouche, fly, bull's eye;

faire — , hit the bull's eye le mouchoir, handkerchief

le motdinet, little mill; faire le — , twirl or swing {drumsticks) y make flourishes mourant, -e, dying, dying

person mourir (de), die of, from.

See envie lemotisse, ship's boy, cabin boy mouvant, -e, moving, rolling le mouvement, movement le moyen, means moyen, -ne, middle; le —

^e, the Middle Ages muet, -te, dumb le mulet, mule

mtmir, provide le mur, wall la muraille, wall

murmurer, whisper le musée, museum

musicien, -ne, musician la musique, music, band le mystère, mystery mystérieu-z, -se, mysterious

N narrer, narrate, tell natal, -e, native, natal;

maison -e, birthplace naturellement, naturally ne . . . pas, not, no, none,

not any; ne . . . que,

only né, -e, p.p. of naître, b^-

VOCABULARY

nécessaire, necessary

nécessiter, necessitate, make necessary la neige, snow

neiger, snow le nerf, nerve

nerveu-z, -se, nervous

net, -te, neat, plain, clear; arrêter — , stop short; tuer — , kill outright

nettoyer, clean, cleanse, clear

neuf, nine

neu-f, -ve, new le nez, nose

ni, neither, nor le nid, nest

N**"**, the sign of an indefinite number. Pronounce as letter N + ième (enjeim)

noir, -e, black, dark; le — ^ dark, darkness le nom, name

le nombre, number; bon — de, a great many; être du — , be, count among

nombreu-x, -se, numerous, many , le nord, north

noter, note, notice

notifier, notify (of), announce, indicate, inform

nourri, -e, nourished, fed, thick; fusillade bien — e, lively fusillade

nouv-eau, -elle, new; de — , anew, again, once more

la nouvelle, news

novembre, m, November le nuage, cloud la nuance, shade, hue la nuit, night

nul, -le, no, not any le numéro, number

obéir (à), obey un objectif, objective (mUit.) un objet, object, reason un observateur, observer,

scout un observatoire, lookout une obstination, obstinacy, stubbornness, insbtence un obus, shell une occasion, opportunity un océan, ocean; en plein — ^ on the open seas occupé, -e (de), occupied, busy (with) ; — à before infinitive tr, by present participle occuper, occupy octobre, m. October un œil, eye; ouvrir V — , keep one's eyes open, watch une œuvre, work

offensi-f, -ve, offensive un offider, ofl&cer; — mitrailleuse, machine-gun ofl&cer offrir, offer un oiseau, bird; cet — -là,

that feUow une ombre, shadow, shade, darkness

VOCABULARY

on, one, people, they, we onze, eleven un optimisme, optimism .

optimiste, optimistic Tor, m, gold; d' — , golden or, now (narrative) ordinaire, ordinary; en temps — f usually, ordinarily un ordre, order; — du jour, general orders, despatches; mettre — à, set in order une oreille, ear; surP — , tipped

on the ear {a cap) un orgueil, pride ou, or

où, where, when oublier, forget, fail un ouragan, whirlwind, hurricane ouste or oust I out of here !

outre, further, beyond; en — f besides, moreover; — de or en. — de, besides, in addition to ouvrir, open; — Poeil, keep an eye open. See ban

la paille, straw

le paUler, straw stack

la paire, pair, couple paisible, peaceful, quiet paisiblement, peacefully

la paix, peace pflle, pale

la palme, palm, victory

le panorama, panorama, sight

panser, bandage, dress le pantalon, trousers

Pantruche (slang) ^ Paris le papier, paper; — peint,

colored paper le paquebot, steamer, liner,

boat le paquet, package, bundle par, by, from, through, in, with; — la gauche, from the left, to the left paraître, appear paralyser, paralyze le parapet, parapet, breastwork parce que, because parcourir, travel, cover, go

through pardonner, pardon, forgive pareil, -le, alike, such,

similar parfait, -e, perfect parfaitement, perfectly parfois, sometimes le parfum, perfume le pari, bet, wager parisien, -ne, Parisian parler, speak, talk; faire — de soi, be talked about parmi, among la paroi, side, wall la paroisse, parish la parole, speech, word, parole, pledged word la part, part, share; à — ça, aside from that; d'autre — , on the other hand;

VOCABULARY

de toutes — s, on all sides, in every direction; quelque — , somewhere

le parti, party, side, part; mon — est pris, my mind is made up; un autre — , another possibility particuli-er, -ere, particular, special; en — ^ in particular

la partie, part, share, game;

faire — de, belong to

partiellement, partly

partir, start, be off, leave,

go away; be fired (a shot)

la partition, partition, score, book of music pas, see ne ; — de, no, not

Ic pas, step; faire un — , take a step; à trois — ^ three steps distant

le passage, passage, passing; de — ^ passing; au — ^ on the way

le passager, passenger

passer, pass, spend, give; go around; — sur, run over; se — , happen, take place, be effected; y — , die, be in for it; on se passait des histoires, stories were told

le passeur, ferryman

le patelin (slang), home paternel, -le, paternal pathétique, exciting, moving

la patrie, country, native land la patrouille, patrol; en — ^ on . patrol duty; partir en — ^ go on patrol duty la patte, paw (slang for foot) pauvre, poor pavoisé, -e, decked with

payer, pay le pays, country; — de personne, no man's land; le — f la — e, countryman or countrywoman la peau, skin; y laisser sa —, die peindre, paint, depict la peine, grief, trouble, difficulty; à — , scarcely, hardly; faire — or de la — , give pain, hurt (feelings); faire — à voir, be pitiful to look at peint, -e, p.p, of peindre, painted le peintre, painter le pelage, coat, fur pêle-mêle, pell-mell, helter-skelter le pèlerinage, pilgrimage; venir or aller en — ^ make a pilgrimage le peloton, platoon (milU.) penaud, -e, abashed,

shamefaced pendant, during; — que,

while pendre, hang

VOCABULARY

pénible, painful, difficult,

hard péniblement, painfully la pensée, thought penser, think pensi-f, -ve, pensive, thoughtful la pente, slope le pépère (slang) , old man percer, pierce, cut through,

break through percevoir, perceive, notice perché, -e, perched perdre, lose; se — ^ lose oneself, disappear le père, father le péril, peril, danger

périr, perish le périscope, periscope, trench mirror permettre, permit, allow, let la permission, permit, leave of absence, furlough; en — , on leave, on furlough perplexe, perplexed, puzzled persistant, -e, persistin persistent le personnage, person, character la personne, person; ne . . .

— , nobody, no one personnel, -le, personal; le — , attendants, staff la perspective, prospect persuader, persuade la perte, loss

pesant, -e, heavy, weighty

peser, weigh, be heavy;

— sur, bear down upon,

hang over

le pétard, firecracker, bomb,

grenade

petit, -e, little, smalL

See jour peu, little; — à — , little by little; à — près, nearly, almost, not very (before adverb) le peuple, people la peur, fear; avoir — , fear, be afraid; faire — , frighten peureu-x, -se, afraid, shy peut-être, perhaps la photographie, photograph photographier, photograph photographique, pertaining to photography. See chambre la physionomie, appearance,

countenance la Picardie, Picardy la pièce, play; gun; par — ^

each gun le pied, foot; — à — , foot by foot; sur — , on one*s feet or legs. See plein le piège, trap la pierre, stone piétiner, trample piller, pillage, plunder le pilote, pilot piloter, pilot le pin, pine ^ ,

.^ zedbyV^OOgle

lyo

piquer, bite, prick, sting;

— un plongeon, take a plunge

la piqûre, bite; — antitétanique, antitetanic injection pire adj. y pis adv., worse, worst; tant pis, so much the worse le pistolet, pistol

pittoresque, picturesque la place, place; à notre — , in our place; sur — ^ on the spot placide, pladd se plaindre (de), complain

(of) la plaine, plain la plainte, complaint plaire, please plaisanter, poke fun at la plaisanterie, joke le plaisir, pleasure; faire — à, give pleasure to; se faire un — de, take pleasure in le plancher, floor

planer, hover, soar le plateau, plateau, upland plein, -e, full; de — pied, on the level with; en — champ, in the open; en

— jour, in full daylight; en — e nuit, in the dead of night; en — e offensive, in the midst of the offensive. 5e0 milieu

pleurer, weep

pleuvoir, rain, shower, fall, pour in

le pli, fold, message, note

le plongeon, plunge

la pluie, rain

la plume, feather, feathers

la plupart, most, greatest part, majority plus, more; ne . . • — ^ no more, no longer; de — ^ en — ^ more, moreover; de — en — ^ more and more; des — , most; — de, more than; — ... — ^ the more . . . the more; qui — est, moreover plusieurs, several plutôt, rather; — que or de, rather . • . than

la poche, pocket

la poésie, poetry

le poète, poet poétique, poetical poignant, -e, sharp, poignant, pathetic

la poignée, handful; — de main, handshake; donner une — de main, shake hands

le poilu, French soldier {from poilu, -e, hairy, literally:

" a man with hair on his body," a real man, a courageous man, hence a soldier)

le poing, fist; dormir à —s fermés, sleep soundly

VOCABULARY

le point, point, spot, part; de tous les — s du monde, from all parts of the world; ne — , no, not, not at all. See chute

la pointe, point, pike. See casque

la poitrine, chest

la poivrière, pepper box, turret; toit à — s, roof with turrets on it poll, -e, polite polonais, -e, Pole, Polish polyglotte, polyglot, a person with the knowledge of several languages, a book written in several languages

le pommier, apple tree

le pompon, pompon, tuft; les — s rouges, the redcaps (Highlanders)

le pont, bridge, deck {of a boat); clevis, drawbridge

la porte, door

la portée, importance, range, bearing, reach; à la — de la main, at hand porter, carry, take, wear, bear; se — vers, turn or march towards; — malheur, bring HI luck

la portière, carriage door or window posséder, possess

le poste, post; — de secours, first aid dressing sta-

tion (milU,); la — , post office le pot, jar la poudre, powder le poumon, lung

pour, for, to, in order to or that; — que, in order that

pourquoi, why la poursuite, pursuit; à la — de, after

poursuivi, -e, pursued

poursuivre, pursue, run after, continue, go on; se — ^ continue

pousser, push, grow, utter.

See large

pouvoir, can, may, be able; cela se pourrait, that might be; on ne peut mieux, in the best possible way

pourvu que, provided that la prairie, meadow

pratique, practical

préalable, preliminary, previous

précédent, -e, preceding

prédeu-x, -se, precious

précipiter, precipitate, hurry; se — sur, rush at; les coups se précipitent, the shots follow each other in quick succession se prélasser, take one's ease le prélude, beginning

premi-er, -ère, first. See soldat

prendre, take; — pour,

mistake for. See clef,

faction, garde, large, part le préparatif , preparation préparer, prepare; se —,

prepare oneself, get

ready près, near; à peu — ,

almost, nearly; de — ,

from near by présenter, present, offer;

se — f present oneself,

be offered, occur presque, almost, nearly presser, press, crowd,

clasp, be urgent, urge or . urge on; se — , crowd,

hasten; ça presse, it is

urgent prêt, -e, ready prétendre (à), pretend (to),

claim prêter, lend; se — (à), allow, favor, submit (to) la preuve, proof; faire ses

— s, show what one can

do prévenir, warn, forestall,

precede la prévision, forecast, anticipation prévoir, foresee prier, pray, beg; se faire

— f require pressing or

urging la prière, prayer, request la prime, prize, premium;

faire — , take the prize

la princesse, princess le printemps, spring pris, -e, p,p, of prendre, taken la prise, taking, capture; aux — s avec, at grips with prisonni-er, -ère, prisoner le prix, price, cost; à tout — , at any cost; au — de, at the price of le problème, problem le procès, trial prochain, -e, next, near, neighboring, not remote le prodige, prodigy, wonder prodigue, lavish profiter (de), profit by,

take advantage profond, -e, deep projeté, -e, projected, planned se prolonger, be prolonged,

extend, last la promenade, walk se promener, walk; se faire — , be taken about promettre, promise la promptitude, promptitude,

quickness le prophète, prophet

propice, propitious, favorable proposer, propose propre, clean le propriétaire, owner

protéger, protect la proue, prow

VOCABULARY

la prouesse, prowess, feat, exploit prouver, prove le proverbe, proverb

prussien, -ne, Prussian laPucelle, the Maid (Joan of Arc) puis, then

puissant, -e, powerful le purgatoire, purgatory purger (de), clear, cleanse (of) les Pyrénées, /. Pyrenees (Mountains)

la qualité, quality; en — de, in the capacity of

quand, when; — même, all the same, notwithstanding

quant à, as to or for

quarante, forty le quart, quarter, watch le quartier, quarter; — général, general headquarters

quatre, four le quatre-cent, shell of 400 millimeters

que, that, which, whom, than, as, how, when, before

quel, -le, which, what, how, what (a)

quelque, any, some, a few; à — 3000 mètres, about 10,000 feet away

quelquefois, sometimes

quelque part, somewhere

qu'est-ce que? what?

qu'est-ce qui? what?

qui, that, . who, whom, which; à — la faute?

whose fault is it?"

quinze, fifteen

quitte, quit, even

quitter, leave

quoi, what; de —^ in suflScient quantity; de — fumer, something to smoke; il y avait de — ^ there was a reason for it; sur — ^ thereupon

quoique, though, although

quotidien, -ne, daily

rabattre, bring down, pull down, turn down; — le gibier, hunt out the game se raccrocher (à), cling (to) la race, race, stock raconter, relate radieu-x, -se, beaming, all

smiles aide, stiff; — mort, stone

dead railler, joke, jest la raison, reason; avoir — de, have the best of; par — démonstrative, by demonstration rfller, have the death rattle, breathe one's last

VOCABULARY

se rallier (à), rally, join rallumer, relight ramasser, pick up la rame, oar

ramener, take or bring

back, keep close to ramper, creep, crawl la ranctme, spite, ill will,

anger le rang, rank la rangée, row se ranimer, revive, cheer up rapidement, quickly rappeler, remind, recall; se — , remember le rapport, connection, bearing rapporter, bring back, relate rapproché, -e, near,

brought nearer rare, rare, unusual, few,

scarce rarement, seldom, rarely le ras, level; à or au — de, level, even with rauque, hoarse, unmusical ravauder, darn, bustle

about ravigoter (fam.), revive, give comfort or courage le ravin, ravine le ravitaillement, supplies ravitailler, replenish, revictual la réalité, reality se rebiffer, kick, resist, show resentment

recevoir, receive réciproque, reciprocal, mutual réciter, recite, say, tell recommencer, do it again récompenser, reward réconfortant, -e, comforting reconnaissant, -e, grateful reconnaître, recognize recouvert, -e, p.p. of recouvrir, covered se récrier, exclaim, protest le recteur, rector, priest recueilli, -e, meditative, thoughtful le recul, retreat, retirement reculer, withdraw, retreat redescendre, come down

again redevenir, become again redoublé, -e, redoubled; frapper à coups — s, hit hard or again and again redoutable, formidable, redoubtable la redoute, redoubt redouter, dread, fear réduire, reduce. See miette réduit, -e, reduced se refaire, recover, retrieve one*s losses; se — à, get again used to, get back to refiler, hurry back refluer, flow back, ebb Be reformer, form again refouler, thrust, push back

VOCABULARY

le refrain, tune réfugié, -e, refugee refuser, refuse le regard, look. See travers regarder, look, face régimentaire, regimental réglementaire, regular, according to regulations le regret: avoir le — , be

sorry le rein, back. See coup

rejoindre, join se réjouir, rejoice

relati-f , -ve, relative, comparative relativement, relatively, comparatively se relayer, take turns, relieve each other la relève, relief (fnUit.)^ relieving party, time for relief relever, relieve, take note of la religieuse, nun, sister remarquer, remark, notice remédier (à), remedy remercier, thank remettre, replace, bring back, hand, deliver; se — recover; se — en route, set out again on one's way la remise, delivery, bestowal remonter, go up; — de, come from le remords, remorse le remous, eddy

remplacer, replace

remplir (de), fill (with); — son rôle, play one's part

remporter, win (a victory)

remuer, move

rencontrer, meet le rendez-vous, meeting

place, appointment. See manquer

rendre, make, cause to be (wUh adjJ), give back, restore; — les honneurs, present arms (milU.); — un son, give forth a sound; se — à, go to; se — , surrender; se — à l'évidence, admit the evidence le renfort, reënforcement le renom, renown

renommé, -e, renowned

renoncer (à), renounce, give up

renseigner, inform; se — (sur), get information (about)

rentrer, come home, return, bring in, put up or back, repack

renverser, turn over, throw down

reparler, speak again la répartie, rejoinder, repartee; avoir toujours la — f have a quick rejoinder ^

repartir, go away again, start again

VOCABULARY

repasser, review repérer, find out, locate {milit.) le répit, respite replier, fold again; se — ,

fall back, retreat répondre, answer, reply, respond la réponse, answer, reply le repos, rest; au — ^ at rest se reposer, rest; — sur ses lauriers, take it easy {after a success) ^ rest on one's laurels repousser, push back reprendre, retake, resume représenter, represent la reprise, recapture; à plusieurs — s, at different times réquisitionné, -e, requisitioned le réseau, network, entanglements la réserve, reserve; les — s, reserves (milU,) résister, resist résolu, -e, p.p, 0/ résoudre, resolved; adj. resolute, determined respectable, respectable, fair; de calibre — ^ of a fair size respecter, respect respectueu-x, -se, respectful. See distance la respiration, breath ressembler, resemble

la ressource, resource

restauré, -e, restored le reste, remainder rester, stay, remain; il reste à faire, there or it remains to be done le résultat, result le retard, delay retenir, keep, hold, delay retentir, sound, ring se retirer, withdraw

retomber, fall down again le retour, return; aller et — , return trip retourner, go back, return la retraite, retreat

retrouver, find again, find,

meet again réunir, reunite, join again,

bring together réussir, succeed le rêve, dream le réveil, reveille, awakening réveiller, wake up, awaken; se — y wake up le revenant, ghost

revenir, come back; return, fall to; — |l sol, recover one's senses; n'en pas — , not to be able to believe, be utterly astonished; — à, fall to the lot of rêver, dream revivre, revive, live again revoir, see again la revue, review, parade

VOCABULARY

le rez-de-chaussée, ground

floor le Rhin, Rhine

riche, rich le rideau, curtain rien, (ne) ... — , nothing, anything; — que, only, merely; — (de) moins que, nothing less than rigide, stiff, rigid la riposte, reply, sharp reply riposter, reply sharply,

render blows rire (de), laugh (at); soldats pour — , mock soldiers le risque, risk, danger; au — de, at the risk of risquer, risk, run the risk la rive, shore, bank

robuste, robust le roi, king

le rôle, part (in a play), character; remplir un — , play a part romain, -e, Roman le roman, novel

romantique, romantic rompre, break rompu, -e, p,p, of rompre»

broken la ronde, round (milU.), also a children's dance; faire sa — , go one's round {milit.) ronronner, purr, hum rose, pink, rosy le rosbif, roast beef

le rossignol, nightingale la roue, wheel

rouge, red la rougeur, redness, red color, blush, flush roulant, -e, rolling rotder, roll, travel (in a train); — à terre, fall on the ground la route, road, way; en — , on the way; faire fausse — , go the wrong way; en — ! forward ! take your seats I rou-z, Hsse, ruddy, reddish, auburn le ruban, ribbon

rude, hard, rough, fierce, sturdy; une — poignée de main, a hearty handshake la rue, street la ruine, ruin

ruisseler, stream, trickle down la nuneur, rumor, noise, rumble russe, Russian

S le sabot, hoof

le sac, bag, knapsack; — ^terre, sandbag sachons, imper, of savoir sacrifier, sacrifice, give up sage, wise, good saignant, bleeding, underdone (of meat)

VOCABULARY

sain, -e, sound, healthy, safe; — et sauf, safe and sound saint, -e, sainted, holy,

sacred salir, soil le salon, drawing-room, art exhibition saluer, salute, honor (the dead) le salut, salute, safety; faire

un — , salute la salve, volley, salvo le sanctuaire, sanctuary le sang, blood; — ^froid, presence of mind, nerve sanglant, -e, bloody sanitaire, sanitary, medical; formation — , medical unit; train — 9 hospital train sans, without la santé, health; corps de — ^ medical staff, sanitary corps le sapin, pine tree la saucisse, '^ sausage," observation balloon sau-f, -ve, safe. See sain le saut, jump, fall, leap; au — du lit, on getting out ' of bed sauter, jump, be blown up;

faire — , blow up sauvage, wild, savage sauver, save; se — , run away; faire — , put to flight

savant, -e, clever savoir, know, know how to, can (before infinitive)', ne pas — bien, not to be sure; faire — à quelqu'un, let one know; je ne sais trop, I can hardly tell you; (conditional) saurait wUk ne and infinitive, will or can surely not la scène, scene, stage; entrer en — , come on the stage sceptique» skeptical, one who doubts la science, science sder, saw sec, sèche, dry sécher, dry

second, -e, second; les — s»

second class (in a train) secouer, shake le secours, help, aid; porter

— , bring aid, hdp le secrétaire, writing-desk le secteur, sector la section, section, platoon; en ligne de — , in platoon columns (milit.) la sécurité, security, safety la semaine, week

semblable (à), like, alike sembler, seem, appear le sens, sense; — des affaires,

business instinct la sentinelle, sentry

sentir, feel; se — , feel oneself

VOCABULARY

sept, seven

septembre, m, September le sergent, sergeant

sérieusement, seriously, in all seriousness

sérieu-x, -se, serious, grave; le — , seriousness, gravity

serré, -e, pressed, close, tight. See dent

serrer, press, tighten, close, clench

serviable, serviceable,

obliging le service, service, duty, unit; pour mon — , on my duty (milit.)

servir, serve; — k or de rien, amount to nothing, be of no use; se — de, make use of

seul, -e, alone, only, single; à lui — , alone, all by himself

seulement, merely, only

si, if, whether, so, yes, such; — les Français allaient venir, what if the French should come; — court qu'il soit, however brief it may be, though very brief le siècle, century le siège, siege, location, driver's seat

sien, -ne, his, hers; les siens, his people

le sifBiement, whistling, hissing siffler, whistle, hiss le sifflet, whistle; coup de — , whistle, blowing of a whistle signalé, -e, caught sight of, signaled, announced le signe, sign; faire — , make a sign, wave, beckon signer, sign; se — , make

the sign of the cross significati-f, -ve, significant, meaning silencieu-x, -se, silent le sillon, furrow, trail simplement, simply sinistre, sinister, ominous sinon, otherwise, if not sitôt, so soon; — que, as

soon ... as sixième (Vtf*"«), sixth la sœur, sister

soi, oneself. See dire la soie, silk

la soif, thirst; avoir — , be thirsty soigner, take care of le soin, care; petits — s, devoted attentions le soir, evening le soixante-quinze, French field gun of 75 millimeters le sol, ground

le soldat, soldier; premier — , also — de première classe, first-class soldi^

VOCABULARY

le soleil, sun; le coucher de — f sunset; le — couchant, the setting sun sombre, dark sombrer, sink, founder la somme, sum; en — , in

short le sommeU, sleep, sleepiness le sommet, summit le son, sound; au — du dairon, at the sound of the bugle songer (à), dream, think of sonner, soimd, ring, strike le sort, fate la sorte, kind

la sortie, going out, exit, sally; faire une —, break through (mUU.) sortir, go out, leave soudain, suddenly le souffle, breath souhaiter, wish souiller, soil, pollute sotdever, lift up; se — f rise up la souquenille, slovenly

clothes

la source, spring

sourire, smile

le sourire, smile

la souris, mouse

sournois, -e, sly, sneaking,

uncanny sous, under le sous-lieutenant, second

lieutenant le sous-marin, submarine

le sous-<yfficier, noncommissioned ofBcer, sergeant le sous-terrain, underground passage soutenir, support, maintain, protect, cover (milU.) le soutien, support, protection; en — , as a support (mUU.); compagnies de — , support companies se souvenir (de), remember le souvenir, remembrance, memory souvent, often spécifier, specify le spectateur, spectator stopper, stop (said of a train or automobile) la stratégie, strategy stratégique, strategic su, -e, p,p, of savoir,

known subir, undergo, submit to substituer, substitute le succès, success

VOCABULARY

k sujet, subject; à ce —, on this subject, concerning this* subject superbe, magnificent superstitieu-x, -se, superstitious le supplice, suffering, torture supplier, beg

supporter, support, endure suprême, supreme, last sur, on, upon, over, about, with, out of; — ce, thereupon. See quoi sûr, -e, sure, certain, safe sûrement, surely le surcroit, addition, excess; par — , in addition surhtunain, -e, superhuman surnommer, nickname surprendre, surprise, take

by surprise surtout, above all, especially survenir (à), happen, befall survivant, -e, surviving survoler, fly over suspect, -e, suspected,

suspicious sympathique, kindly syrien, -ne, Syrian {native of Syria)

le tabac, tobacco le tableau, picture le tablier, apron

taciturne, silent, reticent

la taille, stature, size, height le talon, heel; tourner les — s,

go away. See coup le tambour, drum, drummer tant, so much, so many, so, such a number; secteur — , such and such a sector; — bien que mal, as well as one might expect le tapage, uproar, noise tapageu-r, -se, noisy taper, strike, hit, rap tard, late

tarder, delay; — à, be long (tvith present participle); ce qu'il nous tardait de savoir, what we were longing to know le tas, pile, number, crowd le taube (German), dove, aeroplane tel, -le, such, such a, such as; tel . . • tel, like . . .

like, such . . . such la télégraphie, telegraphy; — sans fil, wireless telegraphy téléphonique, telephone téméraire, bold, daring; un — , a reckless fellow e témoin, witness; être —

de, witness le temps, time, weather; à — , on time; de — à autre, from time to time; entre — , between times; par gros — , in stormy

dbyVjC

VOCABULARY

weather; pas le — , no time tenir, hold, occupy, hold on or up, get hold of, keep; — à, be fond of, hold dear, want; — à i^mUh verb), be anxious to; — de, belong to, be akin to; — éveillés, keep awake; — dans, be contained in; qu'à cela ne tienne, what of that; un soldat ... n'y tient plus, a soldier . . . can no longer stand it; tiens! or tenez I well, halloo! look here!

See arrêt, chaud tenter, try, tempt, attempt

la tenue, uniform; grande — , full dress; — de campagne, field uniform

le terme, end terminer, end

le terrain, ground

le terrassement, earthwork; teavauz de — , work of digging trenches

la terre, earth; à — , on the ground

se terrer, dig in (mUit.), burrow, cover or protect oneself, also lie flat on the ground

la terreur, fright

terrien, -ne, one who lives on land (in contrast to un marin, a sailor), land lubber

le territorial, territorial (soldier); la — e, the territorial army, composed of men who are too old for service in the active army (l'active) or in the reserve (la réserve)

la tête, head; en — , ahead, in front

le thé, tea

le théâtre, theater tiens I See tenir

le tiers, third part

le timbalier, drummer timidement, timidly tinter, ring, toll

le tir, shooting, firing

le tirailleur, sharpshooter; — algérien, marocain,

light-infantry soldier from Algeria or Morocco; en — s, as skirmishers tirer, shoot, fire, draw, pull, extricate; s'en — , come off or out, recover, accomplish a task

le tireur, marksman, shooter

le tocsin, alarm bell

toi, you, thou; bien à — , yours truly (at the end of a letter)

la toile, cloth. See dré

le toit, roof toléré, -6, tolerated; être — , be permissible

la tombe, tomb

tomber, fall; — de fatigue,

^,^,.:zed by VjOOC^

VOCABtJLARY

"be tired out, be overcome with fatigue; cela tombe bien, that happens most appropriately Tommy, " Tommy Atkins" (natne for the British trooper) tomier, thunder, roar

la torpille, torpedo; — aériemie, air torpedo

le torse, trunk, chest, side

le tort, wrong; avoir — , be wrong tôt, soon, early; plus — ,

sooner touchant, -e, touching, affecting touché, -e, struck,

wounded toujours, always, ever, still, in any case, at all events

le tour, turn; à mon — , in my turn; jouer un — (à), play a trick (on); c'est à leur — , it is their turn; faire un — , take a walk. See demi

la tour, tower

la tourbe, peat

le tournant, turn, bend, corner; au — de la route, at the bend of the road tourner, turn, outflank; — la tête à, become the admiration of. See talons

la Toussaint, All Saints' day {ist of November) tout, -e, all, every, any; — un, — e une, a whole ... ; — à fait, entirely, exactly; — à coup, suddenly; — à l'heure, a while ago, presently; — de suite, all at once; — là-haut, right up there; — le or — e la, the whole; tous les deux, both; tous les quatre mois, every four months la trace, track, mark, trace traduire, translate tragique, tragic trahir, betray le train, train, course, way, speed, pace, rate; continuer son — , go on, keep going on; filer bon — , go fast; en — de, in the act of. See sanitaire le traînard, straggler

trainer, drag, draw, trail le trait, fact, event, story

traître, -sse, treacherous la tranchée, trench le transbordement, trainsshipment, transfer transformé, -e, transformed transporter, transport,

carry trapu, -e, thickset, squatty le travail, work travailler» work

VOCABULARY

travers: à — , through, across; de — , askance cross la traversée, crossing

traverser, cross, go through, travel over

trembler (de), tremble (with)

trentième, thirtieth

trépassé, -e, dead, deceased; les — s, the dead le trépied, tripod, stand

tressaillir, thrill, start; — d'enthousiasme, be thrilled with enthusiasm

tricolore, tricolored * le tricot, knitted underwear.

See vareuse

triomphal, -e, triumphant, triumphal

triomphant, -e, triumphant le triomphateur, triumpher,

Victor le triomphe, triumph

triompher, triumph

triste, sad

trois, three

troisième, third; les — s, third class {in a train) la trompe, horn

tromper, deceive; se — , mistake, make a mistake; se — d'adresse, mistake one place for another; — l'attente, fill up the time la trompette, trumpet

trop, too much, too many.

See s'éloigner le trophée, trophy le trou, hole

la trouée, gap, opening; faire des — s sanglantes, open bloody gaps , la troupe, unit, troop, rank and file. See casque trouver, find; se — , find # oneself, be {in reference to position or locality) tuer, kill

^tonique, tunic, coat tur-c, -quo, Turkish, Turk le tyran, tyrant

un, -e, a, an, one; 1' — . . .

l'autre, each other un uniforme, uniform; — de parade, full dress (uniform) unique, only uniquement, only un unisson, unison; à V — , in

unison, together une unité, unit; — amibat-

tante, fighting unit un usage, use, usage; hors <f — , out of use, past wearing user, wear out; — de, use une usine, factory utile, useful

va, près, indie, of aller, goes. See aller

VOCABULARY

la vacance, vacation le vacarme, uproar, noise la vache, cow

le va-et-vient, going and coming, motion to and fro la vague, wave; — d'assaut, storming wave {tnUit.) vaguement, vaguely le vaguemestre, post-sergeant vaillant, -e, valiant, gallant vaincre, conquer, defeat le vainqueur, victor, conqueror la valeur, worth, courage

valide, valid la vallée, valley

valoir, be worth, be comparable to {with negation); — mieux, be worth more, be better; elle en vaut bien un autre, it is as good as another; en — la peine, be worth the trouble, worth while; — (à), gain, win, procure for ▼anter, praise; se — ,

boast vaquer (à), attend to la vareuse, short coat, coat; une — de tricot, a knitted sweater, jacket vaste, vast, wide, large la vedette, vedette, sentry,

outpost le véhicule, vehicle la veille, eve; avant- — ^ day

before the eve, two days before la veillée, evening, evening meeting or company; le soir à la — , at the gathering around the lamp in the evening veiller, watch, be on the watch, spend the evening, sit up la vendange, grape-gathering; faire la — , gather grapes venir, come; ■ — de (before an infinitive) f have just (with a past participle) le vent, wind la venue, coming, arrival le verger, orchard la vérité, truth le verre, glass

vers, towards le vers, verse verser, pour, shed, throw,

overturn, turn vert, -e, green verticalement, vertically vêtu, -e, p.p. 0/ vêtir, clad; — e de deuil, clad in mourning la victoire, victory

vide, empty; le — , empty space; à — , empty la vie, life; avoir la — dure, be tenacious of life, die hard; de ma — , as long as I live la vierge, maid; la — d'Or-*

leans, the Maid of Orleans {Joan of Arc) vie-uz, -il, -tile, old;

mon — y old man yi-f, -ve, alive, living, lively, quick le vignoble, vineyard vigoureusement, vigorously vigoureu-z, -se, vigorous, stout, hardy le village, village la ville, town, city la villégiature, stay (at somebody's house or in the country) f vacation vingt, twenty U vingtaine, about twenty, score virer, turn, tack; — de bord, tack, change direction viser, aim (at) la vision, vision, sight visiter, visit vite, quick, quickly la vitesse, speed; en — ,

quickly, at fuU speed le vitrier, glazier, also a nickname for the French light-infantry soldier vivant, -e, living, alive vive I vivent ! long live!

vivement, quickly vivre, live les vivres, provisions, food,

victuals le vœu, vow, wish; au comble de ses — ^x, at the sum-

mit of one's happiness voici, here is, here are, behold la vole, way; être en bonne — , be in a fair way, be well on the way. See guérison voilà, there is, there are, there, behold; — que, now, then voiler, veil, cover, hide voir, see le voisin, neighbor la voiture, carriage, wagon, truck, vehicle; en — I take your seats I la voix, voice le vol, flight

le volant, steering wheel, flywheel; au — ^ at the wheel voler, fly, steal; ne l'avoir pas volé, richly deserve, be served right volontaire, voluntary; le — , volunteer la volonté, will. See feu volontiers, willingly, with

great interest, gladly votre, your; vôtre, yours truly (at the end of a letter) • vouloir, wish, want, expect, be willing; — du mal à quelqu'un, wish harm to somebody; en — à, have a grudge against

VOCABULARY

▼ous, you; bien à — , yours truly (ai the end of a letter)

voyager, travel

vrai, -e, true, real

vraiment, truly

vraisemblable, likely

la vrille, screw; descendre en

— , make the spiral

descent, perform the

spinning dive {aviation)

la vue, view, sight

W le wagon, railway coach or car

la Westphalie, Westphalia {western German province)

le Winchester, Winchester {automatic rifle)

y, there, therein, thereat, to, at, of, in, or for it; il — a, there is, there are; il — a bien, there is, it is true les yeux, pi. of œil