livre, m., book; à livre ouvert, as in an open book
logis, m., home, lodgings.
loin, adv., far, far away; plus loin, 'farther; bien loin, a long way off.
long, longue, adj., long.
long, m., length; tout au long, at full length; le long de, au long de, along.
longe, f., tether.
longtemps, adv., long, a long while; dès longtemps, long since, long ago; voilà "hien longtemps de ça, that was a very long time ago.
longuement, adv., lengthily, at length.
Lorraine, i., aRhine province ceded to Germany in 1871.
lorsque, cOnj., when, while.
loup, m., wolf.
lourd, -e, adj., heavy.
VOCABULABY
louTCtîer, m., wolf-hunter; le grand-loiivetier, the chief huntsman of <a service for the destruction of wolves.
laenr, f., liglit, gleam, glow.
Inl, disj. pers. pron., he, him, it; lui-même, himself.
lui, pers. pron., to him, tn her.
luisant, -e, adj., shining, glossy.
Inudi, m., Monday.
Innettes, f. pi., spectacles.
lustre, m., chandelier.
M., abbreviation of Monsieur.
madame, f., madame, Mrs.
(title used in addressing a
married woman).
magnifique, adj., magniiicent,
grand.
maigre, adj., thin, emaciated.
maigrir, v. n., to grow thIn.
maillot, m., tights.
main, f-, hand; poignée de
viain, a shake of the hand.
maintenant, adv., now, at
présent, at this time.
maintenir, v. a. (§ 177, like
tenir), to hold fast.
maire, m., mayor.
mairie, f., mayor's office.
mais, conj., but, why.
maison, f., house; maison
d'école, schoolhouse.
maisonnette, f., cottage.
maitre, m., master (a title
given to barristers) ; teach-
er; as adj., clever.
maîtresse, f., mistress; as
adj., clever, superior, splen-
did.
majesté, f., majesty.
mal, m., maux, pi., evil, harm,
.hurt; faire mal à, to hurt.
mal, adv., badly, ill; mal parler, to speak ill, to make a
sorry jest.
malade, adj., sick, ill, unwell.
malade, m. and f., patient,
sick person.
maladie, f., illness, sickness,
disease.
maladif, -ve, adj., unnatural,
sickly, unhealthy.
mâle, adj., manly, strong.
malgré, prep., in spite of, not-
withstanding.
mallieur, m, misfortune, ill-
luck.
mallieureusement, adv., un-
fortunately, unluckily.
malheureux, -se, m. and f.,
unhappy one, wretch.
malheureux, -se, adj., unfor-
tunate, unhappy, wretched,
unlucky.
malle, f., trunk.
maman, f., mamma.
mangeaille, f., eating, gorg-
ing, food.
manger, v. a. (§ 136), to eat,
devour; mangé aux bords,
thumbed, dog-eared.
mangit, incorrect peasant
French for mangea, past
def. of manger.
manière, f-, imanner; de manière que, so that.
manœuvrer, v, a., to steer,
manœuvre, wrork a ship.
VOCABULARY
lOS
manqner, v. a., to miss, fail, be déficient, be lacking; il vous manque, you lack; il ne lui manque que, he lacks only; manquer la classe, to play truant; je n'y manquerai pas, I shall not fail to do se.
maquis, thicket.
marchand, merchant, dealer.
marche, f., step, march, progrès s.
marcher, v. n., to walk, step, travel, march, go; assez de quoi marcher, room enough to walk about.
mare, f., pool, pond.
mari, m., husband.
marine, f-, navy; marine militaire, royal navy.
marquise, f., marchioness.
marron, m., chestnut.
martyre, m. or f., martyr.
martyre, m., martyrdom.
matelot, m., sailor.
matin, m., morning, forenoon; adv., early; tous les matins, every morning.
matinée, f., morning, forenoon.
maudit, -e, adj., cursed, hateful, wretched.
Maure, m., Moor; du Maure, Moorish.
mauvais, -e, adj., bad, evil, ill, wicked.
maux, pi. of mal.
maxime, f., maxim, precept.
me, pers. pron., me, to me.
mécanicien, m., mechanic, artisan.
mécanique, f., machinery; découpé à la mécanique, carved ont by machinery.
méchamment, adv., wickedly, maliciously.
méchant, -e, adj., wicked, bad, cross.
médecin, m., physician, doctor.
médiocre, adj., commonplace ordinary, poor.
méditer, v. a., to meditate Project, plan.
meilleur, -e, adj., better, best.
mélancolique, adj., melancholy, dreary.
mêler, v. a., to mingle, mix; se mêler de, to meddle with, by.
membre, m., member.
même, adj., even, also, likevifise, same, self; tout de même, ail the same; de même, the same, similarly.
menacer, v. a. (§ 156), to menace, threaten.
ménage, m., housekeeping; entrer en ménage, to begin 'hiousekeeping.
mener, v. a. (§ 158), to carry, conduct, guide, bring, lead, take.
menteur, m., liar.
mentir, v. n. (§ 166, like dormir), to lie, to tell a lie, to tell an untruth.
méprise, f., mistake.
mer, f., sea; en mer, at sea
merci, m., thanks, thank you:
no, thank you.
mère, f., mother.
VOCABULAEY
merle, f., blackbird.
merTellle, f.. wonder, marvel; à merveille, splendidily, wonderfully.
merreillenx, -se, adj., wonderful, marvellous.
mésaTenture, f., mischance, mishap.
messieurs, m. pi. of monsieur, geiitlemen, Messrs.
mesure, f., measure; à mesure que, as, in proportion as.
métairie, f., small far m.
météore, .m., meteor.
métier, m., business, trade.
mètre, m., mètre (about 39 incbes).
mettre, v. a. (§ 198, mettant, mis, je mets, je mis, que je viette), to place, put, put on; se mettre, to place one's self; se mettre à, to begin to; se mettre en route, to start off; mettre à la porte, to put out of doors, kick out, eject.
mi-eôte, see côte.
midi, m., noon, twelve o'clock.
miel, m., honey.
le mien, la mienne, &c., poss.
pron., mine.
miette, f., crumb, little bit.
mieux, adv., better, best, rather; il fit mieux, he did better; aimer mieux, to prefer; tant mieux, so much the better.
mignonette, adj., tiny, lovely, little.
milieu, m., middle, midst; an milieu de, in the midst of.
mflitnire, adj., military.
mille, adj. and noun, a thou-
sand.
mine, f., look, appearance; il
ne paya pas de mine, he
wasn't handsome.
minute, fî, minute.
miracle, m., miracle. misérable, m., wretch, rascal.
miséricorde, f., mercy, pity.
mission, f.> mission.
mobile, adj., variable, sway-
ing, modérer, v. a. (§ 159), to re-
strain, diminish, check.
modeste, adj., modest, unas-
suming.
moi, disj. pers. pron., I, me, to
me; moi-même, I, myself.
moindre, adj., less, least.
moins, adv., less, least.
moitié, f.. half ; à moitié, half.
moment, m., moment; pour
le moment, for the time be-
ing; du moment où, since,
inasmuch as.
mou, m., ma, f., mes, pi., poss.
adj., my.
monde, m., world, universe;
people; tout le monde,
everybody.
monologue, m., monologue.
monosyllabe, m., monosyl-
lable.
monsieur, m., sir, gentleman,
^Ir. (pi. messieurs).
monstre, m., monster.
mont, m., mountain, mount.
montagne, f., mountain.
monter, v. a. and n., to go
up, corne up, rise, arise.
VOCABULARY
Montmartre, district in the northern part of Paris, within the walls, where many of the workingclasses live.
montre, f., watch.
montrer, v. a., to show, point ont, demonstrate; se mo7itrer, to prove one's self.
montueux, -se, adj., hilly.
monument, m., monument.
se moquer (de), v. refl., to
mock, make fun of, jest at.
morceau, m., pièce, bit, mor-
sel.
mordienneî interj., zounds!
mordoré, -e, adj., reddish-
brown.
mordre, v. a., to bite, gnaw.
mort, f., death.
mort, past part.of mourir.
mot, m., Word, saying.
motte, f., clod.
mou, mol, m., molle, f., adj.,
soft.
mouche, f., fly.
moujik, m., Russian peasant.
labourer.
moulin, m., mill.
mourir, v. n. (§ 174, mourant,
mort, je meurs, je mourus,
je mourrai, que je meure),
to die; se mourir, to waste
away, be on the point of
death.
mousquetaire, m., musketeer,
guardsman.
moustache, f., moustache.
mourement, m., motion, move-
ment.
m'sieu, contraction for monsieur.
mugir, V. n., to roar, bellow.
multicolore, adj., of many colours.
multitude, f., crowd, multitude.
mur, m., wall.
muraille, f., wall (usually of a City or fort, &c.).
murmure, m., murmur, whispering.
murmurer, v. a., to whisper, murmur.
museau, m., muzzle, nose.
musicien, m., musician.
If n', see ne.
naissance, f., birth, nativity.
^Tapoléon Bonaparte, (1769- 1821) born in Corsica, became Emperor of France in 1804, He was banished in 1815 to the island of St.
Helena, where he died.
His body was brought back in 1840, and buried in the Hôtel des Invalides la Paris.
narine, f., nostril.
nation, f., nation.
national, -e, adj., national.
naturaliste, m., naturalist.
nature, f., nature.
naturel, m., tempérament, nature.
naturel, -le, adj., natural.
naturellement, adv., naturally.
narette, f., shuttle; faire la
VOCABULABY
navette, to fly iback and for-
Tvard. ne, adv. (négative), ne... pas,
not; n'est-ce pas, isn't it?
wasn't it? &c.; ne... ni... ni,
neither... nor; ne... rien,
notliing; ne... que, only.
néanmoins, adv., nevertheless.
however, yet.
nécessaire, adj., necessary.
neige, f., snow.
Néron, m., Nero, a Roman
Emperor.
nerTeusement, adv., nervous-
ly.
net, nette, adj., neat, clear,
clean; quick, short.
nettement, adv., clearly,
plainly.
nettoyer, v. a. (§ 157), to
clean.
neuf, neuve, adj., new, newly-
made; tout neufs, brand
new.
neveu, m., nephew, descendant.
nez, m., nose.
ni, conj., ne... ni... ni, neither...
nor.
niaiserie, f., nonsense, silly
stuff.
nid, m., nest; courir les nids,
to go bird's-nesting.
n'importe, see importer.
noir, -e, adj., black, dark.
Noiraud, m., name of a dog,
" Blackey." nom, m., name.
non, adv., no, not; non plus,
either, also; non pas! not
at ail!
Normand, m., Norman, native
of Normandy.
nos, pl. of notre.
noss, Russian word — nose.
note, f., note.
notre, sing., nos, pl., our.
Notre-Dame, the f amous cathe-
dral of Paris, begun in the
12th century, situated on
the île de la Cité.
nous, pers. pron., we, us, to
us.
nouveau, nouvel, m., nouvelle,
f., adj., new; de nouveau,
again.
nouvelles, f. pl., news.
noyer, m., walnut-tree.
noyer, v. a., to drown; noyé
de brume, hidden in mist.
nuage, m., cloud.
nuire, v. n. (§ 185), to wrong,
harm, injure. nuit, f., night.
nul, nulle, adj., no, not any,
iione.
obéir, V. n., to obey (à).
objet, m., object.
obligeance, f., kindness.
obliger, v. a., to oblige, compel, induce.
observer, v. a., to observe, notice; faire observer, to call attention to, observe to (b pr. as p).
obstination, f., pertinacity, obstinacy (& pr. as p).
occasion, f., opportunity, occasion.
Océan, m.. Océan.
VOCABULAEY
odeur, f., odour, smell.
odieux, -se, adj., odious, hateful.
œil, m., eye; pi., yeux.
œuf, m., egg (pr. / in sing; fs silent in pi.).
œurre, f.. work.
office, m., duty, office, service.
officier, m., officer; officier de marine, naval ofRcer.
offrir, V. a. (§ 176, like ouvrir), to offer.
oiseau, m., bird.
ombre, f., shade, shadow, gloom; dans Vombre, in secret; des ombres chinoises, dissolving views.
ombreux, -se, adj., shady.
on, indef. pron., one, some one, they, people, we, yoii, men; on dit, it is said.
ont, 3rd sing. près. ind. of avoir.
opinion, f., opinion.
opprimer, v. a., to oppress.
or, conj., but, now; or ça, now then, corne now.
or, m., gold.
orage, m., storm, tempest.
orateur, m., orator, speaker.
orchestre, m., band, orchestra.
ordinaire, adj.,ordinary,usual, customary; médecin ordinaire de, physician in ordinary to; d'ordinaire, usually.
ordinairement, adv., usually,
generally.
ordonnance, f., prescription.
ordre, m., order.
oreille, f-, ear; faire la sourde oreille, to turn a deaf ear.
oreiller, m., pillow.
Orientales, f. pi., poems by Victor Hugo.
oser, V. n., to dare, venture.
ôter, V. a., to remove, take off; s' ôter les choses de la bouche, to deprive one's self of food.
ou, conj., or, either, or else.
oîi, adv., where, in which, when, on wiMch; d'où, ■whence.
oublier, v. a., to forget.
oui, adv., yes.
outrage, m., outrage.
outre, prep., besides, beyond.
ouvert, past part, of ouvrir, open, opened; grand ouvert, wide open.
ouvrier, m., workman; homme d'ouvrier, working-man, artisan.
ouvrir, v. a. and n. (§ 176, ouvrant, ouvert, j'ouvre, j'ouvris, que j'ouvre), to open; s'ouvrir, v. refl., to open, to open up.
page, f., page.
pailleté, -e, adj., bespangled,
covered with spangles.
paillon, m., spangle.
pain, rni., bread; pain bis,
brown bread.
paix, f., peace! (excl.) te
quiet!
palais, m., palace.
pâle, adj., pale, wan, pallid.
VOCABULARY
paletot, m„ great-coat, over-
coat.
Pandore, f., Pandora, accord-
ing to Greek mythology,
the flrst woman created.
Minerva gave her ail grâces
and talents, Zeus a box in
which ail ithe evils were in-
closed.
pantin, m., dancing-jack.
pape, m., pope.
papier, m., paper.
papillon, m., butterfly.
Pâques, m., Easter.
par, by, through, in, at; par
la fenêtre, through the win-
dow; par une nuit d'étoiles,
on a starry night; par tout
le corps, ail over the body.
paraître, v. n. (§ 188, like
connaître) , to appear, seem,
look, be seen.
parblen! in ter j., upon my
Word! bless me!
parce qne, conj., because.
par - dessus, prep., above,
higher than, over.
pardieme, interj., 'sdeath.
pardon, m., pardon; I beg
your pardon.
pareil, -le, adj., like, similar,
equal, such.
pareil, m., equal, fellow.
parent, m., relation, parent.
parfaitement, adv., perfectly,
completely.
parfois, adv., occasionally,
now and then.
parfum, m., fragrance, odour,
perfume.
parfumé, «e, adj., perfumed, sweet-scented.
parier, v. a., to wager, bet.
Paris, m., Paris, capital of France.
parler, v. n., to speak, talk.
parmi, prep., among, amidst.
parole, f.. word, speech.
part, f., part, share; de sa part, from him; quelque part, somewhere; nulle part, nowhere.
participe, m., participle.
particulièrement, adv., particularly.
