V. recip., verb reciprocal

Sections (§) refer to the High School French Grammar.

a. 3rd sing. près. ind. of avoir; il y a, there is, are; il y a deux ans, two years ago; il y a longtemps de ça, that was long ago; il y avait, there was, were; il y aura, there will be; (see avoir).

ft, prep., at, to, in, with, for, by, from, iuto.

abaisser, v. a., to lower, pull down.

abandon, na., despair, abandonment, désertion.

abandonner, v.a., to désert, forsake, neglect.

abattement, m., déjection, weakness.

abbaye, f-, abbey.

abbesse, f., abbess," rue des Abbesses, name of a little Street in the poorer district of Montmartre, in Paris.

nbéccdaire, m., primer, spell-

ing-book.

aboi, m., bark, barking.

aboiement, na., barking.

abord, m., approach, arrivai;

d'abord, at first, at the out-

set.

aboyer, v. n. (§ 157), to bark.

abréger, v. a. (§ 156), to

shorten.

abreurer, v. a., to fill, water,

soak.

absolu, -e (6 pr. as p), adj.,

absolute, complète'.

absolument (& pr. as p), adv.,

completely, absolutely.

accent, ni., accent, tone, voice.

s'accentuer, v. refl., to become

more marked; to increase;

(see aller).

accepter, v. a., to accept, take.

accès, m., fit, attack.

accident, m., accident.

accidenté, -e, adj., broken. un-

dulating, hllly.

s'acclimater, v. refl., to be-

come acclimatized.

accompagner, v. a., to accom-

pany, go with.

accorder, v. a., to grant, concède.

accourir, v. n. (§ 164, Ilke

courir), to run or hasten

up; corne in haste.

accournt, 3rd sing. past def.

of accourir.

accneillir, v. a. (§ 1&5, like

cueillir), to welcome, re-

ceive.

s'acheminer, v. refl., to take

one's way, set out.

acheter, v. a. (§ 158), to buy,

purchase.

acheyer, v. a. (§ 158), to finish, complète.

acrobate, m., acrobat.

adieu, m., parting, farewell,

good-bye; regard d'adieu,

parting glance.

adjurer, v. a., to beseech, adjure.

admirer, v. a., to admire.

admission, f., admittance.

s'adosser, v. refl., to lean

one's back.

adresse, f-, address, skill,

eraft, dexterity.

s'adresser, v. refl., to address

one's self, apply; to be ad-

dressed.

adroitement, adv., skilfully,

cleverly.

adversaire, ni., adversary, op-

ponent.

affable, adj., affable, agreeable.

affaire, f., thing, affair, matter.

affamé, m., starveling.

affamé, -e, adj., famished.

hungry.

affiche, f., notice, placard.

afficher, v. a., to post up.

affranchir, v. a., to stamp,

frank, pay the postage of.

affreux, -se, adj., fnghtful,

dreadful.

afin de, prep., in order to

(takes infin. mood), afin que, conj., in order that

(takes subj. mood).

agaçant, -e, adj., irritating, annoying.

agile, adj., swift, fleet.

agir, V. n., to act, operate, work; s'agir de, to be the matter, to be in question; il s'agissait du petit, it was about our little fellow.

agitation, f-, excitement, agitation.

agiter, v. a., to put in motion, shake, move.

agrandir, v. a., to enlarge.

ah! interj., ah! hah! oh!

aider, v. a., to aid, belp, assist.

aie, Ist sing. près, subj., and 2nd sing. imper, of avoir.

aigu, aiguë, adj., sharp, keen.

aile, f., wing.

aimer, v. a., to love, be fond of, like; s'aimer, to love one another; -aimer mieux, to prefer.

ainsi) adv., thus, so, in that manner.

air, m., air, look; d'un air, with an air; en Vair, in tlie air, lifted up; à Vair, in the air, exposed; d'un air tranquille, in a quiet manner; grand air, open air.

airain, m., bronze (brazen bell).

aise, f., ease, comfort.

aise, adj., glad, pleased.

aisé, -e, adj., easy.

ait, 3rd sing. près. subj. of avoir.

alerte, adj., quick, active.

allécher,v.a., to entice, allure.

allée, f., going, alley, walk; ses allées et venues, its goings and comings.

allemand, -e, adj., German.

aller, v. n., (§ 160, allant, allé, je vais, j'allai, j'irai, que j'aille), to go; to be (health); s'en aller, to go away, pass away, wear out, die, disappear; allez-vousen, go away; aller chercher, to go for, seek; allait en s'accentuant, kept on getting more marked; qui allait toujours, who kept on going; il ne va pas bien, he is not well; va pour Noiraud, let it be Noiraud; comment ça va-t-ilf liow are you? how goes it?

allit, incorrect peasant French for alla.

allonger, v. a., to lengthen, stretcû out; allonger un

coup, to deal or give a blow;

s'allonger, to stretch one's

self out.

allons, Ist pi. imper, of aller

(used as interj.). Corne!

Well! Corne now! Ail right!

Cûurage!

allumer, v. a., to light, kindle.

allure, f-, pace, gait.

alors, adv., then, at that time.

Alsace, f-, Alsatia, a Rhine

province, ceded to Germany

in 1871.

altitude, f-, altitude, heiglit.

amadou, m., tinder, punk;

haMnes d'amadou, ruddy

lips.

ambition, f., ambition.

ambre, m., amber.

âme, f-, soûl, spirit, heart.

amener, v. a. (§ 158), to bring,

lead, conduct.

amer, -ère, adj., bitter, pain-

ful, sore.

ami, m., friend; mon ami, my

good fellow.

amie, f-, friend, beloved one,

svveetheart.

aminci, -e, adj., thin, ema-

ciated.

amirauté, f-, admiralty; place

de l'Amirauté, Admiralty

Square.

amitié, f-, friendsbip, kind-

ness.

amour, m. in sing., f. in pi.;

love, affection; un amour

de petite chèvre, a dear

little goat.

amoureux, m., lover.

amonr-propre, m., self -love, self-conceit.

amuser, v. a., to amuse; s'amuser, to amuse one's self, to hâve a good time, enjoy one's self.

aiimsenr, m., entertainer, amuser.

au» iiif year; l'an d'après, tlie year after.

ancien, -ne, adj., old, former, retired.

ancien, m., ancient, one of the ancients.

ancre, f-, anchor.

âne, m., donkey, ass.

anecdote, f-, anecdote.

ange, m., angel.

Angélus, m., a prayer in honour of the Incarnation. The bell for the prayer is rung three times a day, at morning, noon and night.

anglais, -e, adj., English.

Anglais, -e, m. and f., Englishman, &c.; des Anglais, some English people.

animal, m., animal.

année, f , year.

annoncer, v. a. (§ 156), to announce, usher in; s'annoncer, to announce one's self.

antichambre, f-, antechamber.

antique, adj., ancient.

anxieux, -se, adj., anxious.

troubled.

août, m., August (p. 64, harvest).

s'apaiser, v. refl., to become appeased, pacified.

apercevoir, v. a. (§ 213, like

recevoir), to perceive, see;

s'apercevoir, to perceive,

notice.

aplatir, v. a., to flatten;

s'aplatir, to flatten itself,

become flat.

Apocalypse, t., Apocalypse,

the Book of Révélation.

appartement, m., lodgings,

apartments, suite of rooms.

appartenir, v. n. (§ 177, like

tenir), to belong.

appeler, v. a. (§ 160), to call;

s'appeler, to be called,

named; il s'appelait Jean

Bart, his name was Jean

Bart.

appliquer, v. a., to apply;

s'appliquer, to apply one's

self, set to work , take

pains.

apporter, v. a., to bring, carry

to.

apprendre, v. a. (§ 202, like

prendre), to learn, find out,

teach.

apprenti, m., apprentlce.

apprêter, v. a., to get ready,

prépare.

appris, past part, of apprendre.

approcher, v. a., to bring near,

approach; s'approcher de,

to approach, come up, draw

near to.

appuyer, v. a. (§ 157), to

lean, rest, press.

après, adv., after, afterwards;

l'an d'après, the year after,

afterwards.

après, prep., after.

aquilon, m., north wind (poetic

word).

arbalète, f., cross-bow.

arbre, m., tree.

ardent, -e, adj., ardent, earn-

est, passionate.

argent, m., money, silver.

arme, f-, weapon; aux armes!

to arms!

armer, v. a., to arm, equip,

fortify; s'armer, to fortify

one's self.

armoirie, f., coat-of-arms; pi.,

armoriai bearings.

arrêter, v. a., to stop, detain,

arrest, cheek; s'arrêter, to

stop, pause, stand still;

du monde arrête, people

standing still.

arrière, m., back part; en

arrière, backwards.

arrÎTée, f-, arrivai.

arriver, v. n., to arrive, to

corne to, attain, to get

there; to happen, corne to

pass, occur; « chaque fois

qu'il arrivait, every time it

happened.

arroser, v. a., to besprinkle,

bedew, water.

art, m., art.

articulé, -e, adj., jointed, with

arms and legs that would

move.

artiste, m., artist, player.

artistique, adj., artistic.

ascension, f-, ascent, ascension.

assaillir, v. a. (§ 165), to as-

sail, attack.

assassiner, v. a., to murder, kill.

asseoir, v. a. (§ 215, asseyant, assis, j'assieds, j'assis, j'assiérai, que j'asseye) , to seat, set; s'asseoir, to sit down, be seated.

assez, adv., enough, sufficiently, rather, tolerably, pretty, quite.

assiette, f-, plate, dish.

assis, past part, of asseoir, seated.

assistance, f-, audience, spectators.

assistant, m., bystander, spectator.

s'assoit, old form for s'assied, 3rd sing. près. ind. of s'asseoir.

jtssommer, v. a., to beat to death, knock down.

assomption, t., assumption (usually refers to the ascension of the Holy Virgin).

s'assonpir, v. refl., to doze away.

assuré, -e, adj., assured.

astracan, m., astrakhan (a kind of fur).

attaclienient, m., affection, attachment.

attacher, v. a., to fix, fasten, tie up.

attarder, v. a., to delay, to be late.

atteindre, v. a. (§ 190, like craindre), to reach.

attendre, v. a. and n., to wait for, await, wait.

VOCABULAEY

attente, f., waiting; salle

d'attente, waiting-room.

attentif, -re, adj., attentive.

attention, U attention, care; faire attention, to pay attention.

attester, v, a., to attest, prove, certify.

attirail, m., apparatus, gear, paraptiernalia.

X attirer, v. a., to attract, draw.

attraper, v. a., to catch.

au, contraction of d -|- le.

aube, f., tlie dawn, Aurora (poetic word).

aubépine, f., hawtliorn.

aucun, -e, adj., any; none, net any, none (used with ne).

aucun, -e, indef. pron., no one, nobody (used with 7ic).

an-dessous, adv., below, beneath; au-dessous de, under, underneath.

an-dessus, adv., above, overihead; au-dessus de, above.

audience, f., audience. Interview.

auditeur, m., hearer, auditor.

aujourd'hui, adv., to-day.

auparavant, adv., before, heretofore.

auprès de, prep., near, close.

auquel, contraction ot à -\- lequel.

aurai, Ist sing fut. ind. ot avoir.

aurais, Ist sing. cond. of avoir.

aussi, adv., also, too, like-

wise; aussi bien que, as

well as.

aussi bien, conj., besides.

moreover (causes inversion

of verb and subject, §237).

aussitôt, adv., immediately,

directly.

austère, adj., severe, rigorous,

austère.

autant, adv., as much, as

many; d'autant plus, the

more so, ail the more

since; bien autant, quite

as much.

autour de, prep., around,

about.

autre, adj., other; bien autre

chose, something quite différent; nous autres Fran-

çais, we Frenchmen.

autre, pron., other, -another;

les autres, the others, other

people, d'autres, others;

l'un et Vautre, both.

autrefois, adv., formerly, of

former times, of old, of

olden times.

autrement, adv., otherwise,

differently.

autrui, pi. pron., others (rare-

ly used except after a

prep., § 405).

aux, contraction for à -\- les.

avait, 3rd sing., imperf, ind.

of avoir.

avaler, v. a., to swallow.

avance, f-, advance; par

avance, early, beforehand;

in anticipation.

VOCABULARY

ayancer, v. a. (§ 156), to advance, put forward; s'avancer, to advance, go forward.

arant* prep., before (time and order) ; la tête en avant, ■head-foremost; en avant, forward, advanced.

ayant que, conj., before (takes subj. mood).

arare, m., miser.

arec, prep., with; avec le temps qu'il fait, in such weather as this.

s'aventurer, v. refl., to venture.

avertir, v. a., to warn.

arenglément, adv., blindly.

avide, adj., eager, greedy,

avidement, adv., eagerly.

avidité, f., greediness, eagerness.

avoir, v. a. (§ 154, ayant, eu, j'ai, j'eus, j'aurai, que j'aie), to hâve, get, be the matter with; j'ai à faire, I hâve something to do; il y a, tihere is, are; il n'y avait pas trois semaines encore, not quite three weeks ago; à qui j'en avais, with whom I was angry or quarreling; qu'est-ce qu'il y a encore, what is it this time? avoir soif, to be thirsty; avoir chaud, to be warm, hot; avoir quelque chose, to hâve something the matter; vous n'avez qu'à parler, you hâve only to speak; avoir besoin, to need, hâve need; il y aurait, there would be;

il avait beau crier, he shouted In vain.

ayant, près, part.of avoir.

babine, f., lip (of animal) ;

babines d'amadou, ruddy

lips.

bah! interj., bah! pshaw!

baigner, v, a., to bathe, lave,

touch with the waves. baiser, v. a., to kiss.

baiser, m., kiss; gros baiser,

hearty kiss.

baisser, v. a., to lower, let

■down; se baisser, to stoop

down, bow one's self down.

balancer, v. a. (§ 156), to balance, swing; se balancer,

to sway, rock.

balbutier, v. n., to stammer.

balle, f., bullet, bail.

ballon, m., balloon, football.

ballotter, v. a., to toss.

banc, m., bench, seat.

barbiche, f., tufted beard,

goatee.

barrer, v. a., to stop, bar,

shut.

Bart, Jean, famous French

seaman, born at Dunkirk,

1651; died, 1702.

bas, basse, adj., low, gentle;

tout bas, very softly, quiet-

ly; à voix basse, in a whis-

per; en bas, down, down

below.

bas, m., stocking.

bataille, f., battle.

bataillon, m., battalion, squad-

ron.

VOCABULAEi'

bâtard, -e, adj., mongrel; of mixed breed.

bateau, m., boat.

bâtimeut, m., building, édifice, vessel, ship.

bâton, m., stroke (in learning to Write), stick.

battre, v. a. (§ 180), to beat, tlirob, flutter, strike; se hattre avec, to figlit with; tattre le briquet, to strike a light.

barard, -e, adj., talkative, loquacious.

bavarder, v. n., to chat, converse.

beau, bel, m., belle, f., handsome, fine, beautiful; avoiibeau crier, to shout in vain; au beau milieu, in the very midst.

beaucoup, adv., mucli, many, a great many, a great deal, very many (followed by de used with nouns or pronouns).

beauté, f., beauty.

bec, m., beak, Mil (pr. c).

becquée, f., billful, beakful.

bed«iau, m., beadle.

bel, see beau.

bénir, v. a. (§ 163), to bless.

Berlin, m., Berlin, capital ol Germany.

besogne, f., work, labour.

besoin, m., need, occasion, want; avoir besoin de, to need, hâve need of, be in need of, require; il nous fera besoin, we shall need him.

bête, f-, beast, animal; fool,

blockhead.

bête, adj., silly, stupid, fool-

ish.

Bichonne, f., name of a dog

(usually applied to a little

dog with a long wavy coat).

bien, adv., well, right, indeed,

of course, to be sure, very;

bien de, much, plenty, many;

être bien, to be comfortable,

happy, well off; bien des

jours, many days; bien de

l'argent, plenty of money;

j'ai bien le temps, I hâve

plenty of time; bien plus,

much more.

bien, m., good, beneht; pro-

perty.

bien que, conj., although,

though (takes subj. mood).

bientôt, adv., soon, shortly.

bille, f., marble (to play

with).

billet, m., note, letter, bill.

bique, f., goat, nanny-goat;

il m'a mangé des biques, he

has eaten goats of mine.

bis, -e, adj., brown (of bread).

bise, f., the cold season, win-

ter (properly the north

wind).

bizarre, adj., odd, strange,

singular.

blanc, blanche, adj., white.

binnc, m., (the) white.

Blanquette, f., " Whitey." blême, adj., pale, pallid, wan.

blesser, v. a., to wound, hurt,

offend.

bien, -e, adj., blue.

VOCABULAKY

blond, -e, adj., fair, blond.

blondine, f. (dim. of blond).

fair-haired little girl.

bloquer, v. a., to blockade.

bœuf, m., ox (/ pr. in sing., silent in pi.).

boire, v. a. and n. (§ 181, buvant, bu, je bois, je btis, que je boive), to drink.

bois, m., wood, forest; sons bois, under the trees; Bois de Boulogne, great park in the west of Paris.

boiserie, f., wainscoting.

boîte, f., box.

bon, bonne, adj., good, kind, hearty; il fait bon, it is comfortable; sentir bon, to smell sweet.

bond, m., bound, leap, spring.

bonheur, m., happiness, good luck.

bonhomme, m-, good, easy-going man; honest felIo"w; son petit bonhomme de chemin, his little jog-trot.

bonjour, m., good-morning, good-day.

bonnet, m., cap.

bonté, f-, goodness, kindness; bonté divine! good gracions!

bord, m., edge, side; mangé aux bords, thumbed, dogeared.

bouc, m., he-goat (pr. c),

bouche, f., mouth; bouche de tire-lire, the slit in a toy bank.

bouchée, f., mouthful.

boucher, v. a., to stop, close up; en se bouchant les

oreilles, putting our hands

over our ears, stopping our

ears.

boue, f., mud, dlrt.

bouger, v. a., to stir, move

(see § 418, 4).

bouillonnement, m., bubbling,

boiling.

bouleverser, v. a., to upset,

overthrow, agitate.

bourrer, v. a., to fill, stuff,

load.

bout, m., end, tip, back (of

room).

bouteille, f., bottle.

boutique, f., shop (rarely

used except of a little

shop).

branche, f., branch, bough.

bras, m., arm.

brare, adj., brave; (before

some nouns) good, honest,

worthy.

braver, v. a., to brave, defy,

fly in the face of.

bravo! m., interj., well done!

bravo!

brillant, -e, adj., brilliant,

sparkling, glistening.

brin, m., blade, shoot, bit.

briquet, m., steel (for striking

a light) ; battre le briquet,

to strike a light with flint

and steel.

briser, v. a., to break, to

shatter.

Brisquet, m., name of a

woodcutter.

Brisqnette, f., name of the

wife of Brisquet.

broder, v. a., to embroider.

VOCABULAEY

brouillard, m., mist, fog.

brouter, v. a., to browse.

bruit, m., noise, sound, famé,

rustling; faire du bruit, to

attract attention, make fa-

moua.

brûlant, -e, adj., burning,

scorching, hot.

brûler, v. a., to burn.

brume, f., mist, fog.

brun, -e, adj., brown.

brunette, f. (<iim. of ^run),

a girl with dark hair.

brusquement, adv., suddenly,

gruffly, hastily

„ . . camp, m., camp.

brutalement, adv., rudely. )(^oaiiii>affne, f., country, fields bruyère, f-. lieather. '^ campaign; tenir la cam

bruyère

bu, past part, of boire.

bûcher, m., funeral pile, stake.

bûclieron, m., wood-cutter.

Buffon, a great French naturalist (1707-1788).

buîssière, f., underbrush, bush, thiclcet.

buisson, bush, thicket.

but, m., object, end, goal; arriver à son but, to attain one's object.

butte, f., knoll. Mil.

c', contraction of ce.

ça, pron. (contraction of

cela), that.

çà, adv., hère, hither; or çà,

come now!

c'a été, for ça or ce a été.

cabinet, m., study, cabinet,

private room.

cachemire, f., casbmere.

cacher, v. a., to bide, conceal;

se cacher, to hide, conceal

one's self.

calcul, m., ciphering, arith-

metic.

calembour, m., pun; play

upon words.

calice, f., chalice, cup; calyx.

calme, m., stillness, calm,

tranquility (pr. I)calmer, v. a., to calm, pacify,

quiet; se calmer, to become

qaiet (pr. l).

calotte, f., skull-cap, cap. camarade, m. or f., comrade.

campaign; tenir la campagne, 'to keep the fleld, sustain the flght.

campanule, f., bell-flower, campauula.

canton, m., district, canton.

cap, m., head (obsolète except in de pied en cap, from head to foot; p. is pr.).

capitaine, m., captain.

capiteux, -se, adj., heady, intoxicating.

>' car, conj., for, because, as.

caractère, m., character, disposition, temper.

caressant, -e, adj., caressing, affectionate.

caresse, f., caress.

caresser, v. a., to caress, fondle.

carrosse, m., carriage.

carte, f., card.

casaque, f., jacket.

cascade, f., waterfall.

cassé, -e, adj., worn-out, bro-

VOCABULAEY

ken down, broken; shaking, quivering.

casser, v. a., to break, crack.

cause, f-, cause; à cause de, because of, on account of.

causer, v. a., to cause, occasion ; talk, chat.

causeur, -se, talkative, loquacious.

ce, dem. pron., that; he, she, it, they; c'est, it is; c'était, it was (see ce gui).

ce, cet, m., cette, f., ces, pi., dem, adj., this, that, thèse, those.

céans, adv., in hère, in this house.

ceci, dem. pron., this.

cela, dem. pron., that; pour cela, as far as that is concerned; ce n'est pas cela, that isn't it, that isn't right.

celui, m. s., celle, f. s., ceux, m. pi., celles, f. pi., dem.

pron., he, him, that, she, her, the one; they, them, those; celui-ci, this one, the latter; celui-là, that one, the former.

cent, adj. a hundred.

centaine, f., a hundred, about a hundred.

cependant, adv., however, nevertheless, yet.

ce qui (subject), ce que (object), that which, which, what; ce que voyant, seeing which; pour ce qui est de V intelligence, as far as intelligence is concerned.

cercle, m., circle.

cérémonie, f., ceremony.

certain, -e, adj., certain.

certainement, adv., certainly.

eurely.

certes, adv., certainly, surely.

César, m., Cœsar.

cesser, v. n., to cease, stop.

c'est-à-dire, that is to say.

cet, cette, see ce.

ceux, see celui.

chacun, -e, pron., every one, each one, each.

cliaîue, f., Chain.

< c\jiMre, f., desk (teacher's) ;

pulpit.

X cUaise, f., chair.

chalet, m., cottage (Swiss).

chaleur, f., beat, warmth.

chambre, f., room, chamber.

champ, m., field; les Champs Elysces, a public garden in Paris just west of the Place de la Concorde. Hère are many places of amusement, such as Guignol (Puneii and Judy), &c.

Champagne, f., one of the former provinces of France to the east of Paris, so called on account of its extensive plains, which are very fertile.

changer, v. a. and n., to change; changer de direction, to change one's direction.

changeur, m., money-changer,

broker.

chanson, f., song, singing.

chant, m., singing, crowing

(of a cock).

VOCABULARY

chanter, v. a., to sing.

chapeau, m., hat.

Chapelle • Saint - ITathnrin,

name of a hamlet or village (so called, probably, after a chapel formerly built on that spot).

chaque, adj., each, every.

charger, v. a., to charge, entrust; to load, weigh down; se charger de, to undertake.

charmant, *e, adj., charmimg, delightful.

charme, m., charm, attraction.

châtaigne, f., chestnut.

châtaignier, m., chestnuttree.

cliâteau, m., castle.

chaud, -e, adj., hot, warm.

chaud, m., beat, warmth; avoir chaud, to be hot, warm.

Chaudron, m., The Kettle.

chaume, m., thatch; sous le chaume, in the strawthatched cottage, cot.

chaumière, f., thatched house, cottage, cot.

clief, m., chief; chef de gare, station-master; chef d'escadre, rear-admiral (pr. f.)

chemin, m., way, road; chemin de 1er, raiiroad.

cheminée, f., fireplace, chimney, mantel-piece.

cheminer, v. n., to plod along, make one's way.

chêne, m., oak.

cher, chère, adj., dear, beloved.

chercher, v. a., to seek, look

for, search; look to see;

to inquire.

chère, f., cheer, entertain-

ment; faire 'bonne chère, to

provide good cheer, make a

good spread.

chéri, -c, adj., beloved, cher-

ished, precious.

cheval, m., horse.

chevet, m., head of the bed,

bedslde (see épée).

cheveu, m., hair; les cheveux,

.hair (of the head).

chèvre, f., goat.

chevrette, f., little goat.

chez, prep., at, at the house,

at the house of.

chien, m., dog; chien à BriS'

guet = chien de B., a fréquent use of à in popular

language.

chinois, -e, adj., Chinese (see

ombre).

chœur, m., chorus.

choisir, v. a., to cboose, pick

out, sélect; décor choisi,

tasty décorations or flttings.

choisi, past part, of choisir,

selected.

chose, f., thing, matter, affair;

bien autre chose, something

very différent.

chou, m., cabbage.

-cl, see ce and celui.

ciel, m., sky, heaven, Para-

dise; pi., deux, skies, heav-

ens.

cigale, f., grasshopper, ci-

cada.

cigare, m., cigar.

cinq, adj., flve.

VOCABULARY

cinquante, adj., fifty.

cirer, v. a., to polish (shoes).

cirque, m., amphithéâtre, cir-

cus.

citoyen, m., citizen.

clair, -e, adj., clean, bright.

clairement, adv., clearly.

classe, f., class, school, school-

room; faire la classe, to

teach, instruct.

clef, f. (silent f), key.

clochette, f., little bell.

clos, m., field, meadow.

clown, m., clown; toy-clown.

cocher, m., coachman, driver.

cœur, m., heart; le cœur gros,

with heavy heart; de ion

cœur, heartily.

coin, m., corner, nook.

colère, f., anger, fury.

collet, m., collar (of a coat,

combat, m., fight, struggle,

combat.

combattant, m., combatant.

combattre, v. a. (§ 180), to

fight, do battle.

combien, adv., how much?

how many? combien serez-

vous de gens? how many

(people) will there be of

you?

comédien, m., player, com-

edian.

commandature, f., headquar-

ters (military).

comme, adv., like, as, as if,

as it were; as in the case

of ; comme une façon, a sort

of way; comme il faut, as

it should be, exactly rig^ht.

commencement, m., beginning.

commencer (§ 156), v. a., to begin, commence.

^j( comment, adv., how; how? in what way? why? wherefore?

what! indeed! comment faire? what can be done?

comment cela va-t-il? (familiar), how are you? how goes it?

commerce, m., trade, business, commerce.

commissionnaire, m., messenger.

commun, -e, adj., common.

communal, -e, adj., belonging to the parish or commune; école communale, public school,

communication, f., communication.

compagne, f., companion, wife, partner.

compagnie, f., company,

compagnon, m., comrade, companion; compagnon de route, travelling companion.

compliment, m., compliment, congratulations.

compliqué, -c, adj., complicated, confused.

comprendre, v. a. (§ 202, like prendre), to understand.

compris, past part, of comprendre.

compter, v. a. and n., to count, reckon; intend, think.

condamné, m., convict, condemned man.

VOCABULAEY

condamner, v. a., to condemn.

conduire, v. a. (§ 185, conduisant, conduit, je conduis, je conduisis, que je conduise), to conduct, lead, guide, accompany, drive.

confiance, f ., confidence, trust.

confus, -e, adj., confused.

congé, ni., holiday; donner congé à, to give a holiday to.

congédier, v. a., to dismiss, send away.

conjurer, v. a., to implore; to conspire, band together.

connaître, v. a., (§ 188, connaissant, connu, je connais, je connus, que je connaisse) , to know, to be acquainted with.

conscience, f-. conscience; faire conscience de, to scruple to, to think it a sin to.

conseiller, v. a., to advise, counsel.

consentir, v. n., (§ 166, like dormir), to consent, agrée.

consigne, f., order, orders (military).

se consoler, v. refl., to console, solace one's self (de) witli, for.

consterner, ▼. a., to dismay, astound.

conte, m., story, taie.

contempler, v. a., to gaze at, View, survey.

content, -e, adj., content, pleaaed, satisfied, happy.

continuer, v. a. and n., to continue, keep on, go on.

contraire, adj., oontrary; au contraire, on the contrary.

contre, prep, against, from.

convaincu, -e, adj., convinced, satisfied.

conversation, f., conversation.

coq, m., cock.

coque, f-, shell; coque d'œuf, egg-shell.

coquin, -e, m. and f., rogue, rascal.

corbeau, m., crow; M. du cor- 'beau (particle de used bere as a mère connective, not necessarily suggesting nobility).

corde, f., rope, cord.

corne, f-, horn; coup de corne, blow with the horns, butting.

corps, m., body.

corsaire, m., privateer, corsair.

cortège, m., retinue, cortège, train.

costume, m., costume, dress.

costumer, v. a., to dress, costume.

côte, f-, hill; à mi-côte, halfway up the hill.

côté, m-, siide, way; à côté de, beside; regard de côté, side-glance; du côté de, in the direction of; de son côté, on his part; mettre de côté, to put aside, dlacard.

coteau, m., hillock, slope. hill.

VOCABULAKY

cotret, m., small faggot.

cou, m., neck.

couché, -e, adj., lying down.

coucher, v. a. and n., to lay, lay down, lie; se coucher, to lie down, go to bed; set (of t'he sun),

coudre, v. a. (§ 189, cousant, cousu, je couds, je cousis, que je couse), to sew, stitc'h; cousu de paillons, covered with spangles.

couler, V. n., to flow run; Blip.

couleur, f., colour.

coup, m., blow, shock, stroke ; du coup, at once, thereupon; coup de poing, blow with the fist; coup de pied, kick; donner des coups de corne, to butt, give blows with the horns; coup de dents, bite; coup de fouet, blow of a whip, lash; tout d'un coup, ail at once; d'un seul coup, at a single stroke, ail at once.

coupable, adj., guilty, at fault.

coupe-gorge, m., a cut-throat place, nest of cheats, snare.

couper, V. -a., to eut, eut off; intersect.

cour, f., court, yard; faire la cour à, to pay court to.

courage, m., courage, spirit.

courber, v. a., to bend.

courir, V. n. (§ 164, courant, couru, je cours, je courus, je courrai, que je coure), to run, hasten; courir les nids, to go bird's-nesting.

courouue, f., crown, diadem.

couronner, v. a., to crown.

course, f., course, tour, walk; faire ses courses, to make one's rounds;, prendre sa course, to take one's way.

court, -e, adj., short, brief; de trop court, too short, too tightly.

courtil, m., little garden (belonging to a peasant).

courtisan, m., courtier.

couru, past part.of courir.

cousu, past part, of coudre.

coûter, V. n., to cost; coûter cher, to be expensive.

coutume, fi custom, habit; avoir la coutume de, to be in the habit of.

courer, v. a., to brood, sit on (eggs).

couTert, past part, of couvrir.

couverture, f., counterpane, coverlet, bedclothes.

couTrir, v. a. (§ 176, like ouvrir), to cover.

craie, f., chalk.

craindre, v. a. (§ 190, craignant, craint, je crains, je craignis, que je craigne), to fear, dread, be afraid of.

crainte, f., fear, dread.

se cramponner, v. refl., to cling to, hold fast to.

crâne, m., top of the head, cranium, head, skull.

cravate, f., necktie, neckcloth.

crête, f., crest, summit.

creuser, v. a., to dig, hollow

O'Ut.

VOCABULABî

crère-cœur, m., heart-break, sorrow.

crcTcr, (§ 15S), to burst; faire crever, to kill, murder.

cri, m., shout, cry.

crier, v. a., to cry, cry out, scream, shout.

croc, m., hook (c silent).

croc-en-jambe, m-, trip; donner un croc-en-jambe à, to trip up.

croire, v. a. aud n., (§ 191, croyant, cru, je crois, je crus, que je croie), to believe, trust, think; se croire, to believe one's self.

croiser, v. a., to meet, come across; se croiser les mains, to clasp or wring one's hands.

croix, f., cross.

croquer, v. a., to crunch, munch.

croyant, près. part, of croire.

cru, past part, of croire.

cru, -e^ adj., raw.

cruel, -le, adj., cruel, pitiless.

crus, Ist sing. past def. of croire.

cueillir, v. a. (§ 165, cueillant, cueilli, je cueille, je cueillis, je cueillerai, que je cueille), to gather, pluck.

cuisinier, m., cook.

cuit, -e, adj., baked.

cultivateur, m., farmer, agriculturist.

cultiver, v a., to cultivate.

cytise, m., laburnum, beantrefoil, cytisus.

< d^aiuurd, adv., at first, at the outset.

d'ailleurs, adv., besides, moreover, on the other hand.

dame, f., lady, married lady.

danger, m., danger, péril.

dangereux, -se, adj., dangerous.

dans, prep., in, into, out of, from, within.

danse, f-, dance; entrer en danse, to begln to play.

danser, v. n., to dance.

date, f., date.

de, prep., of, from, out of, for, by, with, to, in, on, over; de plus en plus, more and more; de la voix sèche, with the dull voice; de se voir, on seeing one's self.

M. du corbeau, de often wrongly taken to dénote Dobllity hère (see corbeau).

débarbouiller, v. a., to wash (face) ; to clean.

débarrasser, v. a., torid, free; se débarrasser, to rid, free one's self.

déborder, v. a., to overflow, run over.

debout, adv., standing, upright.

décider, v. a., to décide, détermine; se décider, to décide, résolve, make up one'g mind.

décision, f., détermination, décision.

déclarer, v. a., to déclare, state.

VOCABULAKY

décor, m., décoration, scenery; décor choisi, a tasty setting.

découper, v. a., to carve out, eut out.

décourager, v. a. (§ 156), to discourage; se décourager, to become discouraged, to lose heart. ^^

dédaigneux, -se, adj., disdainful, scornful.

dedans, adv., within, inside, in it; là dedans, ■within it.

défaut, m., failing, fault, defect.

défendre, v. a., to défend, protect, forbid; se défendre, to défend one's self.

défense, f-, defence, protection.

défenseur, m., defender.

défier, v. a., to defy, challenge; je vous en défie hien, I defy you to do so.

y déguster, v. a., to enjoy, enjoy the taste of; smack the lips over.

déifier, v. a., to deify.

déjà, adv., already, before; déjà! so soon!

delà, prep., beyond, farther than; au delà de, beyond.

délice, f., delight, deliciousness.

délicieux, -se, adj., delightful.

délire, m., delirium, raving.

y demain, m., to-morrow.

demande, f., request, demand.

demander, v. a., to ask, beg, request.

démarche, f., gait, step.

démenti, m., contradiction; il ne voulait pas en avoir le démenti, he was determined not to be beaten.

demeurer, v. n., to live, réside, remain, dwell.

demi, -e, adj., half.

demi-heure, f., half-hour.

dent, f-, tooth; croquer à belles dents, to munch heartily; coup de dent, bite.

dentelé, -e, adj., denticulated, notched (of leaves).

se dépêcher, v. refl., to make haste, hurry up; ne te dépêche pas tant, do not be in such a hurry.

dépens, m., expense, cost.

déplaire, v. n. (§ 201, like plaire), to displease; ne vous déplaise (près, subj.), may it not dis-please you, with ail déférence to you.

déployer, v. a. (§ 157), to display, unfurl.

dépouryu, -e, adj., destltute, void of.

depuis, adv., since then.

depuis, prep., since, for, from; depuis longtemps, for a long time.

depuis que, conj., since.

dernier, -ère, adj., last, utmost, greatest.

derrière, adv. and prep., behind; train de derrière, hind-quarters, haunches.

des, contraction of de -\- les.

of the, from the; some; any.

dès, prep., sinee, from, as

VOCABULARY

early as; dès longtemps,

for a long time, long since;

dès que, conj., as soon as,

from the very moment that.

descendre, v. n., to alight,

descend, corne down.

descente, f., descent, raid, désert, -e, adj., désert, lonely,

unfrequented.

désespéré, -e, adj., despair-

ing, in despair.

désintéressé, -e, adj., unself-

ish, disinterested.

désireux, -se, adj., désirons,

anxious.

désolation, f., distress, désolation.

désolé, -e, adj., grieved, désormais, adv., henceforth.

dès que, conj., as soon as.

dessécher, v. a. (§ 158), to

dry, parch, wither.

dessous, adv. and prep., un-

der, underneath, beneath.

dessus, adv. and prep., above,

over, upon, on, on It; làdessus, thereupon.

détacher, v a., to detach,

tear away, separate.

détendre, v. a., to relax.

deux, adj., two; tous deux,

both (of them).

devant, adv and prep., be-

fore, in front of, ahead,

f orward ; devant lui, stralght

ahead.

derenlr, v. n., (§ 178, llke

venir), to become, grow.

devers, prep., devers la butte

= près de la butte, close to

the hill.

devoir, m., duty; rendre leurs devoirs à, to pay their respects to.

devoir, v. a. (§ 214, devant, dû, je dois, je dus, je devrai, que je doive), to owe, be obliged to, hâve to, must, ought; î7 a dû se tromper, he must hâve been mistaken.

dévorer, v. a., to devour.

dévouement, m., dévotion, self-devotion.

diable, interj., the deuce! the dickens!

diantre, interj., the deuce!

dictionnaire, m., dicCionary.

Dieu, m., God; mon Dieul bless me! dear me! goodness!

différence, f-, différence.

digitale, f., foxglove.

dimanche, m., Sunday; Ze dimanche, on Sundays.

dire, m., saying, maxim.

dire, v. a., (§ 193, disant, dit, je dis, je dis, que je dise), to say, tell, state, recite; se dire, to say to one's self; on dit, it is said; dis-moi un peu, just tell me; vouloir dire, to -mean.

direction, f., direction, course.

dis, 2nd sing. imper, of dire, speak, tell.

disparaître, v. n. (§ 188, like connaître), to vanish, disappear.

disparu, past part, of disparaître.

VOCABULAEY

disposé, -e, adj., inclined, disposed.

se disputer, v. refl., to contend, quarrel, struggle.

distinctement, adv., distinctly, clearly.

distribution, f., distribution.

dit, past part of dire.

dites, 2nd pi. près. ind. of dire.

dirin, -e, adj., divine.

diviniser, v. a., to deify, to render divine.

dix, adj., ten.

dizaine, f., ten, about ten; une dizaine de minutes, about tein minutes.

docile, adj., tractable, docile.

docilement, adv., obediently.

docteur, m., doctor.

doigt, m., finger.

dois, Ist sing. près. ind. of devoir.

dominer, v. a., to control, dominate, rule.

don, m., gift.

donc, conj., therefore, pray, then, accordingly; comment donc, how on earth; vous ne voyez donc pas, fiurely you don't see; fais donc, do so then (denotea surprise or impatience).

donner, v. a., to give; donner à souper, give a supper; se donner, to give eacli other.

dont, rel. pron., whose, of which, of whom, for whom, with which, whence.

Dore, f., a river in central France.

dorer, v. a., to gild, gild over.

dormir, v. n. (§ 166, dormant,

dormi, je dors, je dormis,

que je dorme), to sleep, be

asleep.

dos, m., back.

double, adj., double.

doubler, v. a., to line (clothes).

doucement, adv., gently, qui-

etly, patiently.

douceur, f., sweetness, gen-

tleness, peacefulness.

douleur, f., grief, sorrow.

doute, m., doubt; sans doute,

no doubt, doubtless.

doux, douce, adj., sweet, calm,

gentle, kindly, soft.

drap, m., cloth.

drapeau, m., flag, banner.

droit, adv., straight, straight-

way.

droit, -e, adj., straight, right,

erect; à droite, at the right,

right side.

droit, m., right; être en droit

de, to be justified in, hâve a

right to. drôle, adj., comical, droU,

funny.

drôle, m., rogue, rascal.

du (contraction for de le), of

the, from the, by the, some,

any.

dû, due, past part, of devoir, duel, m., duel.

Dunkerqne, Dunkirk, a French

seaport on the Straits of

Dover.

duquel, contraction of de -{-

lequel.

VOCABULARY

dur, -e, adj., hard, unfeeling,

harsh.

dorer, v. n., to last, endure.

£ eau, f., water.

éblonissant, -e, adj., dazzling.

ébouriffé, -e, adj., disordered,

tangled.

écarter, v. a., to set aside,

widen, scatter, put apart.

échapper, v. a. and n., to escape, get away.

échouer, v. n., to strand, run

aground.

éclabousser, to splash, splat-

ter.

éclair, m., flash.

éclat, m., outburst, crash;

éclat de rire, burst or shout

of laughter.

éclater, v. n., to burst, to

burst forth.

éclorer, v. n. (§ 183), to hatch.

école, f., school.

écolier, m., schoolboy, pupil.

écorcher, v. a., to flay, take

the skin o£F, gall.

écouter, v. a., to listen to,

hear.

écrasé, -e,- adj., crushed, over-

whelmed with grief.

8*écrier, v. refl., to cry out,

exclaim.

écrire, v. a. (§ 194, écrivant,

écrit, f écris, j'écrivis, que

f écrive), to write.

écriture, f., writing.

écneil, m., reef, rock.

écuelle, f., bowl, milk-pail.

écume, f., foam.

écuyer, m., horseman, rider.

effet, m., effect; en effet, in

reality, indeed, du fact.

effleurer, v. a., to touch light-

ly, to graze, skim over.

effort, m., effort, endeavour;

tenter un dernier effort, to

make a final effort.

effrayer, v. a. (§ 157), to

frighten; s'effrayer, to be

frightened, afraid.

égal, -e, adj., equal.

également, adv., equally.

égaré, -e, adj., wild, bewil-

dered.

égayer, v. a., to enliven,

brighten, make cheerful.

église, f., church.

égorger, v. a. (§ 156), to

slaughter, eut the throat of.

eh! interj., oh, ah! eh tien!

very well! well! well now!

s'élancer, v. refl. (§ 156), to

rush, dart, dash, bound for-

ward.

élégance, f., élégance.

élerer, v." a. (§ 158), to lift

up, raise; s'élever, to be

exalted, ascend.

elle, pers. pron. f., she, her,

it; elle-même, herself.

éloquence, f., éloquence.

éloquent, -e, adj., éloquent.

Elysées, see champ.

embarrasser, v. a., to em-

barrass.

embrasser, v. a., to embrace,

kiss; s'emhrasser, to embrace one another.

s'embrouiller, v. refl., to be-

come confused, puzzled.

VOCABULARY

emmener (§ 158), to take away, lead away.

émotion, f., émotion.

empêcher, v. a., to prevent, hinder.

emperenr, m., emperor.

emporter, v. a., to carry away, carry off.

emprunteuse, f., borrower.

en, prep., in, into; while, when; like, as; of, to; en -\- près, part., in, while, .whilst, by.

en, pronom, adv., of it, of tbem, some, any; of him, of her, of it, by it, from it; fen étais là, I had got that far; en rester là, to stop vight there.

encadrer, v, a., to frame.

enchantement, m., enchantment, magie.

enchanter, v. a., to deligbt, cbarm, enchant.

encore, conj., e^sen, yet; encore que, even though.

encore, adv., yet, still, even, again, once more, further, besides; encore une fois, once more; encore un, another one; (often speit encor in poetry).

encorné, -e, adj., having homs; autrement encornées que toi, with horns very différent from youra.

encre, f., ink.

s'endormir, v. refl. (§ 166, like dormir), to fall asieep.

endroit, m., place, point, locality, spot

énergie, f., energy.

enfant, m., child.

enfariné, -e, adj., covered with flour, powdered.

enfermer, v. a., to shut in, lock up.

enfin, adr., finally, at last.

after ail, you know, of course.

enfoncer, v. a. (§ 156), to thrust, insert, bury; s'enfoncer, to bury one's self.

engager, v. a. (§ 156), to engage, pledge; s'engager, to promise, pledge one's self.

enguirlander, v. a., to wreathe, encircle.

enjamber, v. a., to put one'a leg over; to bestride.

ennemi, -e, adj., hostile, of the enemy.

ennemi, m., enemy, foe.

ennui, m., weariness, tediousness, worry, ennui; Vennui de vivre, the weariness of life.

ennuyer, v. a. (§ 157), tire, bore, weary, annoy; s'ennuyer, to grow weary, find it tiresome.

ennuyenx, -se, adj., troublesome, annoying.

énorme, adj., enormous, huge.

enragé, -e, adj., mad, furious, enraged.

enroué, -e, adj., hoarse.

ensemble, adv., together, at the same time.

ensuite, adv., afterwarda, next, then.

entendre, v. a., to hear, un-

VOCABULAEY

derstand; s'entendre, to be understood, go without saying.

enterrer, v. a., to bury.

entêtementt m., obstinacy, stubbornness.

enthousiasme, m., enthusiasm.

enthousiaste, adj., enthusiastic.

entier, -ère, adj., entire, complète, whole.

entraîner, v. a., to sweep off, hurry away, carry off.

entrayes, f. pi., fetters.

entre, prep., between, among, in.

entrebâiller, v. a., to half- •open; to open... a little.

entrée, f., entrance, beginning; entrée (bill of fare).

entremets, m., side-dishes, entremets.

entrer, v. n., to enter, come in, get In; entrer en ménage, to begin bouse-keeping.

i'entre-regarder, v. recip., to look or stare at one another.

tntreyoir, v. a. (§ 224, like voir), to catch a glimpse of, peep at.

envelopper, v. a., to inclose, wrap up, také in; s'envelopper, to wrap one's self up.

enrie, f-. désire, wish; avoir envie de, to bave a mind to, feel inclined to.

environs, m. pi., vicinity, neigbbourhood.

envoi, m., thlng sent, parcel,

package, gift.

s'envoler, v. refl., to fly away, take wing.

envoyer, v. a. (§ 157, envoyant, envoyé, j'envoie, j'envoyai, j'enverrai, que j'envoie), to send.

épaule, f., shoulder.

épanlette, f., epaulet, shoulder pièce.

épée, f., sword; épée de chevet, a sword kept at the head of the bed for purposes of defence, hence, " constant weapon," " standby."

épéler, v. a. (§ 158). to spell.

époque, f., time, perlod, epoch.

éprouver, v. a., to prove, f'nl, expérience.

erreur, f., error; tirer d'erreur, to Tindeceive, free from error.

escadre, m., squadron, fleet; chef d'escadre, rear-admlral,

esclavage, m., slavery.

esclave, m., slave; tomber esclave, to fall into slavery,

escorte, f., escort.

espérance, f., hope; bonne espérance! cheer up!

espoir, m., hope, expectatlon.

esprit, m., wit, intelligence, spirit, mind, intellect; pauvre esprit, paltry - minded person.

essayer, v. a., to try, attempt.

essentiellement, adv., exceedingly, essentially.

VOOABULARY

essoufflé, «e, adj., breathless,

out of breath.

est, 3rd sing. près. ind. of

être; est-ce que, is it that?

et, conj., and; et... et, both...

and.

étable, f., stable, byre.

était, 3rd sing. près. ind. of

être.

étang, m., pond.

étant, près. part, of être.

état, ni., state, condition; en

état de, in a condition to;

trade; hûcheron de son

état, a woodcutter by trade.

été, m., summer.

été, past part, of être.

éteindre (§ 190, like craindre), to extinguish, put

out; s'éteindre, to go out,

disappear.

étendard, m., standard, ban-

ner.

étendre, v. a., to stretch out;

s'étendre, to stretch. one's

self out.

étinceler (§ 159), to sparkle,

glitter.

étiquette, f., étiquette.

s'étirer, v. refl., to stretch

one's self.

étoile, f., star; nuit d'étoiles,

starry night.

étonnant, -e, adj., astonish-

ing, surprising.

étonner, v. a., to astonish,

amaze; s'étonner, to be as-

tonished, amazed, to won-

der.

étouffer, v. a., to choke, stifle,

sufEocate.

étrange, adj., strange, queer, étranger, m., foreigner, alien,

stranger.

être, m., being, créature.

être, V. n. (§ 154, étant, été,

je suis, je fus, je serai, que

je sois), to be; j'en étais

là de mes réflexions, I liad

gone thus far in my reflec-

tions.

étroit, -e, adj., narrow, small.

étroitement, adv., uarrowly,

closely.

eu, past part, of avoir.

eusse, Ist sing. impf. subj. of

avoir; often used for aurais.

eut, 3rd sing. past def. of

avoir.

eût, 3rd sing. impf. subj. of

avoir; often used for aurait.

eux, pers. pron. disj. m. pi.,

they, them; eux-mêmes,

tbemselves.

s'évanouir, v. refl., to vanish.

évidemment, adv., evidently.

exact, -e, adj., exact, punc-

tual, on time.

examiner, v. a., to examine,

inspect.

excepté, prep., except, except-

ing, but.

excès, m., excess.

exciter, v. a., to excite, etir

up, arouse.

exclamation, f., exclamation.

excuse, f., excuse, apology

(excuse me).

excuser, v. a., to excuse; s'excuser, to excuse one's self,

apologise.

VOCABUiARY

exemple, m., example, case, copy, copy-slip, headline.

exercice, m., exercise; faire l'exercice, to drill (military ) .

expérience, f., experiment, expérience.

expiation, f., expiation, atonement.

expirer, v. n., to expire, die.

explication, f., explanation.

expliquer, v. a., to explain.

exploit, m., exploit, achievement, deed.

explosion, f., outburst, explosion.

exposer, v. a., to expose; s'exposer, to expose one's self.

extase, f., ecstasy, rapture.

exténuer, v. a., to enfeeble, weaken, reduce.

extraordinaire, adj., uuusual, extraordinary.

fable, f., fable; homme à fa.

blés, man of fabJes.

face, f., face. Iront; en face de, opposite, in front of.

fâclier, to vex, displease.

facile, adj., easy.

façon, f., fashion, way; manner; outline, sketch; de façon à ce que, in such a way or manner that; de la même façon, in the same way.

facteur, m., postman, lettercarrier.

faction, f., être de faction, to be on duty, on guard.

factoton, m., factotum, one who does everything.

fade, adj., insipid, tasteless, dull.

fagot, m., faggot.

faible, adj., weak, feeble, faint.

faim, f., hunger; avoir faim, to be hungry.

faire, v. a. (§ 195, faisant, fait, je fais, je fis, je ferai, Que je fasse), to make, do, cause; tosay, tell; impers, to be (of weather) il fait sec, it is dry; faire mal, to burt, injure; il fait 6on, it is comfortable; faire la sourde oreille, to turn a deaf ear, not to heed; faire volte-face, to wheel about; faire ses courses, to make one's rounds or visits; faire attention, to pay attention; faire du bruit, to cause excitement, attract attention; faire la cour à, to pay court or homage to; faire plaisir, to give pleasure; faire l'exercice, to drill; faire la classe, to teach, instruct; faire des glissades, to go sliding; faire de la peine à to cause sorrow, to pain; ça ne fait rien, that makes no différence; faire fête à, to "welcome, bail with dellght; faire bonne chère, to provide good cheer, food; faire conscience de. to scruple to; il nous fera besoin, we shall need him.

VOCABULAEY

faire + Terb.

faire faire, to get made, done; faire... prendre, lo get... to take; qui faisait rire et encore rire, who made (him) laugh again and again; faire comprendre, to make understand, explain; faire parvenir, to transmit; faire observer, to call attention to, bring to one's notice; faire sortir, to put out, eject; faire voir, to show; faire crever, to cause to burst, kill, murder; faire graver, to hâve carved, engraved; faites-leentrer, show ihim in.

se faire, v. refl.

se faire à, to adapt one's self to, put up with; se faire faire, to get made for one's self; ça ne se faisait pas, that sO'ft of thing was not done; iJ se faisait un tapage, a racket was going on; se faire rare, to become scanty, ecarce.

falloir, V. impers. (§ 218, — , fallu, il faut, il fallut, il faudra, qu'il faille), to be necessary, be obliged, need; must, should, ought; qu'estce qu'il te faut, what do you lack; comme il faut, as it should be, exactly right, properly.

fameux, -se, adj., faraous, celebrated.

familier, -ère, adj., familiar, intimate.

famille, f., family.

famine, f-, famine, s.tarvation.

fantôme, m., ghost, shadow,

phantom.

fasse, Ist and 3rd sing. près.

subj. of faire.

fat, m., fop, dandy (pr. t).

se fatiguer, v. refl., to tire

one's self.

se faufiler, v. refl., to creep

in.

faudra, Srd sing. fut. ind. of

falloir.

faudrait, 3rd sing. condl. of

falloir. faut, 3rd sing. près. ind. of

falloir.

faute, f., mistake, error, fault.

fautif, -Te, adj., faulty, to

blâme.

femme, f., woman, wife.

fendeur, m., woodcutter.

fendre, v. a., to split, cleave,

break.

fenêtre, f., window.

fer, m., iron; chemin de fer,

railroad; en fer, made of

Iran; fers, pi., chains, fet-

ters.

ferai, feras, fera, &c., fut.

ind. of faire.

fermer, v. a., to shut, close,

fasten.

féroce, adj., fierce, wild.

fête, f-, holiday, festival; faire

fête à, to welcome, hall with

delight.

feu, m., fire, light, star.

feuille, f., leaf.

feutre, m., felt.

ficelle, f., cord, string; the

VOCABULARY

rope to mark off the in-

closure coutaining the

seats for those who pay

to see Ouignol.

fièTre, f., fever.

figue, f., fig.

figuier, m., flg-tree.

figure, f., face, figure.

filature, f., spinning-factory,

spinning-mill.

fille, f., girl, maid, daughter.

fils, m., son (s pr.; l silent).

fin, -e, adj., fine, délicate.

fin, f., end, conclusion; à Ja

fin, at last.

finir, V. a., to finish, end;

finir par devenir, to hecome

at last, conclude by becom-

Ing; c'est fini, it is ail over.

fis, Ist sing. past def. of

faire.

fixe, adj., ifixed, steady; les

yeux fixes, with his eyes

gazing steadily.

fixer, V. a., to fix, fasteu;

gaze steadily at.

fixité, f., fixity, earnestness.

flamme, f., flame.

flanqué, -e, adj., flanked, sur-

rounded.

flatteur, -se, adj. and noun,

flattering; flatterer, fleur, f., flower.

fleuri, -e, adj., flower y, cov-

ered with flowers.

flot, m., wave, flood, billow.

flotte, f., fleet.

flotter, V. n., to float, wave.

foi, f., faith; ma foi! upon

my word! foi d'animal, on

the word of an animal.

foire, f., fair.

fois, f., time (répétition), une

fois, once; à la fois, at one

and the same time, at once;

encore une fois, once more.

folle, f. of fou, mad woman,

insane woman, madcap, mad

créature.

fond, m., bottom, crown (hat);

au fond, at the back.

Fontenelle, French author,

who lived to be one hun-

dred years old (1657-1757).

force, f., strength, force,

might; de toute ma force,

with ail my might; à force

de, by dint of, by means of.

force, adv., much, many =

beaucoup de (§ 232 (2)

forcer, v. a. (§ 157), to com-

pel, force.

forêt, f., forest, forest-land.

forgeron, m., blacksmith.

former, v. a., to form.

formidable, adj., formidable,

dreadful.

formuler, v. a., to state, to

put into words.

fort, -e, adj., strong.

fort, adv., very, very much,

extremely; loudly.

fortune, f., fortune, good luck.

fou, fol, m., folle, f., mad,

foolish.

fou, madman.

fouet, m., whlp.

fonrmi, f., ant.

fournaise, f., furnace.

fournir, v. a., to supply, fur-

nish.

VOCABULARY

fourré, m., thicket.

fourré* -e, adj., furry, fur-

lined.

fourrure» f., pelt, coat (of

animal), fur.

foyer, m., hearth, fireside.

fraîcheur, f., freshness, cool-

ness.

fraîchir, v. n., to freshen.

frais, fraîche, adj., cool, fresh;

il fait frais, it is cool.

franc, m., franc — coin worth

about 19% cents.

français, adj. and noun,

French, Frenchman.

France, f., France.

franchir, v. a., to cross, leap

over.

Frantz, m., Frank.

frapper, v. a., to knock, strike,

clap.

fraternel, -le, adj., brotherly,

fraternal.

frayeur, f., fright, terror.

frégate, f., frigate.

frère, m., brother, pi., breth-

ren, brothers.

friction, f., rubbing, friction.

friser, v. a., to curl, frizzle.

frisonner, v. n., to shudder,

shiver.

froid, -e., adj., cold.

froid, m., cold, coldness.

frôler, v. a., to graze, toucîi

lightly.

fromage, m., cheese, a small

round cheese. front, m., brow, forehead,

face.

frotter, v, a., to rub, wipe,

polish; se frotter, to be-

corne rubbed.

frugalité, f., frugality.

fruit, m., fruit.

fuir, V. n., (§ 170, fuyant, fut,

je fuis, je fuis, que je fuie),

to flee, run away, escape.

fumée, f., smoke.

fumer, v. a. and n., to smoke.

furent, 3rd pi. past def. of

être.

furieux, -se, adj., furious,

raging.

fusée, f., rocket, fusée.

fut, 3rd sing. past def. of

être.

fût, 3rd sing. imp. subj. of

être.

gagner, v. a., to gain, earn,

reach.

gai, -e, adj., gay, merry,

lively.

gaiement, adv., gaily, mer-

rily.

gaîté, f., merriment, mirth.

galop, m., gallop.

gambade, f., caper, skip.

gambader, v. n., to frolic,

skip about.

gamin, m., urchin, youngster.

gaminer, v. n., to play, frolic.

garçon, m., boy, bachelor.

garde, f., guard, defence;

tomber en garde, to assume

the défensive; prendre

garde, to take oare, look

out.

garder, v. a., to keep.

gare, f., railway station.

VOCABULAET

garnir^ v. a., to garnish.

dress (of méats).

Gascon, m., Gascon, native of

Gascony (enjoys the réputation of being a boaster

and jester).

gauche, adj., left, left band;

à (la main) gauche, at the

left.

gauchement, adv., awkwardly.

gazon, m., turf, grass, green

sward.

geler, v. a. and n. (§ 158),

to freeze. gêner, v. a., to impede, re-

strain, be in the way of;

se gêner, to put one's self

to inconvenience, hesitate.

général, m., gênerai.

général, -e, adj., gênerai, uni-

versal.

genêt, m., broom (plant).

génie, m., genius, spirit.

genou, m., knee.

gens, m. pi., people, meu.

gentil, -le, adj., pretty, nice.

gentiment, adv., coaxingly

gently, prettily.

gerfaut, m., gyrfalcon.

gilet, m., waistcoat, vest glace, f., mirror.

glissade, f., slide; faire des

glissades, to go sJiding on

the ice.

glisser, v. a. and n., to slip,

slide; se glisser, to creep,

steal in.

gloire, f., glory, famé.

gouffre, m., gulf, abyss.

goulot, m., neck (of a bottle).

Goupllllère, f., prop. noun (name of a hamlet).

gourmand, -e, m. and f , glutton, greedy créature.

goût, m., taste; de bon goût, In good taste.

goûter, V. a., to taste, enjoy.

goutte, f., drop.

gouttelette, f„ little drop.

gouverner, v. a., to govern, control.

grâce, f., favour, grâce, pardon.

grain, m., grain.

grammaire, f., grammar.

grand, -e, adj., great, large, bigh, tall, hearty; pas grand'chose, not very much {grand' occurs with certain expressions — grand'mère, grand'peine, &c., § 336 (d)).

grandir, v. n., to grow, grow large, grow up.

grand'mère, f., grandmother, grandmamma.

gras, grasse, adj., fat, plump, greasy.

grave, adj., grave, serioua, solemn.

graver, v. a., to engrave, carve.

gravité, f., gravity, importance.

gravure, f., engraving.

grêle, adj., thin, slender.

grillage, m., grating, wirework; grillage aux affiches, nofice-'board (with a wire grating to protect tlie notices) .

VOCABULARY

grimace, f., grimace, wry

face.

grimper, v. a., to climb.

grincement, m., scratching

(as of a pen on paper).

gris, -e, adj., gray.

grogner, v. n., to growl, snarl.

gronder, v. a., to scold, growl.

gros, -se, adj., large, big,

great, bulky; le cœur gros,

with a heavy lieart.

groupé, -e, adj., grouped,

gathered.

guère, adv., ne... guère, but

little, scarcely, hardly.

guerre, f., war.

gnet-apens, m., ambuscade,

trap.

guetter, v. a., to watch for.

guide, m., guide.

Guignol, m.. Punch and Judy.

guilleret, -te, adj., llvely,

Smart, frisky. guise, f., manner, way, fancy;

û sa guise, at will, as one

likea.

(h aspirate is Indicated thus 'h).

liabile, adj., clever, capable,

expert.

habit, m., garment, coat, ap-

parel, garb; pi., clothes,

costume.

habitude, f., habit, custom;

avoir VhaMtude, to be in

the habit; d'habitude, usu-

ally, ordinarily.

habituer, v. a., to accustom;

s'habituer, to accustom

one's self, get used to.

'hache, f-, axe; le fendeur à la bonne hache, the woodcutter with the good axe.

'hagard, -e, adj., wild, haggard.

'haie, f., hedge, hedgerow.

haleine, f., breath, wind.

'haleter, v. intr. (§ 160), to pant, gasp for breath.

'halte, f., hait, stop.

'hameau, m., hamlet.

'hanneton, m., may-bug, cockchafer.

'hardi, -e, adj., bold, daring.

'haricot, m., stew of mutton and turnips; kidney-bean.

harmonie, f., harmony.

'hasard, m., chance, accident; par hasard, perchance.

'hâte, f-, haste; avoir hâte, to be in a hurry; en hâte, ha s tu y.

'haut, -e, adj., high, tall; lO'Ud, lofty; là-haut, up yonder, in heaven.

'haut, adv., loud.

'hauteur, f., height, loftiness.

'haye! interj., indicates surprise. Eh! what?

'hé, interj., hallo! ho, there!

Jic bien! very well!

Hélène, f., Helen.

herbe, f., herb, grass.

Hercule, m.. Hercules; ses deux larges mains d'Hercule doux, his two broad hands like those of a kindly Hercules.

héroïne, f., heroine.

'héros, m., hero.

hésitation, f., hésitation.

VOCABULARY

hésiter, v. n., to hesitate,

waver.

heure, f., hour, o'clock, time

of day; quart d'heure,

quarter of an hour; à

l'heure, on time; à la bonne

hetire! well and good! ail

right! tout à l'heure, a

little whlle ago, by and by,

presently.

heureusement, adv., fortu-

nately, luckily.

heureux, -se, adj., happy.

hier, adv., yesterday.

hirondelle, f., swallow.

histoire, f., story, taie; his-

tory.

historique, adj., historical.

'hocher, v. a., to shake, wag,

toss; hocher la tête, to

shake one's head.

holocauste, m., holocaust,

sacrifice, burnt-offering.

homme, m., man.

honnête, adj., honest, upright.

worthy.

honneur, m., ionour; en

l'honneur de, in honour of.

'honte, f., shame.

'honteux, -se, adj., ashamed.

'hop! interj., whoop! hurrah!

'horde, f., horde.

horizon, m., horizon, horloge, f., clock.

hostilité, f., attack, hostility.

hôte, m., guest, tenant.

'hottée, f., basketful.

'houblon, m., hop-vine.

'houppelonde, f., great-coat,

overcoat.

'houppette, f., little tuft.

'huit, adj., eight.

humble, adj., humble, lowly.

humeur, f., humour, temper.

humide, adj., damp, wet.

humidité, dampness, moisture.

humilier, v. a., to humiliate, take down.

'hurlement, m., howl, bowling.

ici, adv., hère.

idée, f., idea, notion, fancy.

ignoble, adj., vile, shameful, ignoble.

ignorance, f., ignorance.

il, pers. pron., he, it, there; il y a, there is, there are.

île, f., isle, island.

ils, pers. pron. pi., they.

illustre, adj., eminent, industrious.

image, f., picture, image.

iniagînation, f., imagination.

imaginer, v. a., to imagine; s'imaginer, to fancy, imagine, figure to one's self.

immobile, adj., motionless, immovable.

impatience, f., impatience, eagerness.

Impatiemment, adv., impatiently, anxiously.

impératif, -ve, adj., Imperative, commanding.

impertinent, -e, adj., impertinent, senseless.

importance, f., importance, conséquence.

importer, v. impers., to mat-

VOCABULARY

ter, be of conséquence; n'importe, never mind, no matter.

Impossibilité, f., împossibility, impossible position.

impur, -e, adj., impure, vile.

incendie, f., fire, burning, destruction by fire.

Incertitude, f., uncertainty.

incliner, v. a., to stoop, bow, bend low; s'incliner, to bow, bow the bead.

inconstant, -e, adj., fickle, inconstant, wavering.

inconTénient, m., disadvantage.

indépendant, -e, adj., independent.

infini, -e, adj., infinité, boundless, countless, extrême.

infranchissable, adj., impassable.

Inquiéter, v. a. (§ 158), to make uneasy, to disturb; s'inquiéter, to worry, to get uneasy.

inquiétude, f., uneasiness, anxiety, solicitude.

inspection, f., inspection.

inspiré, past part, of inspirer, inspired.

inspirer, v. a., to inspire.

installer, v. a., to instal; s'installer, to settle, instal one's self.

instant, m., instant, moment; à l'instant, immediately.

instruction, f., éducation, instruction.

instruit, -e, adj., educated.

intelligence, f., intelligence

(see ce qui).

intelligent, -e, adj., intelligent, clever.

intendant, m., steward.

intéressant, -e, adj., interest-

ing.

intérêt, m., interest, concern.

intérieur, -e, adj., inner, in-

ward, internai.

intérieur, m., inside, interior.

interlocuteur, m., interlocu-

tor, questioner.

interroger, v. a. (§ 156), to

interrogate, question.

interrompre, v. a., to intsr-

rupt.

introduire, v. a. (§ 185, like

conduire), to introduce.

inutile, adj., useless, unneces-

sary.

inrincible, adj., insuperable,

invincible.

invisible, adj., invisible, un-

seen.

invitation, f., invitation.

inviter, v. a., to Invite, beg.

invoquer, v. a., to invoke, call

upon.

irai, iras, ira, &c., fut. ind. of

aller.

irrité, -e, adj., irritated, ex-

cited.

jabot, m., shirt-frill; shirt-

ruffle.

jaloux, -se, adj., jealous.

jamais, adv., never, ever;

ne... jamais, never.

VOCABULABY

jambe« t., leg; il n'a pas de jambes, he can't walk.

jappement* m., yelpiug, sharp bark.

japper, v. n., to bark sharply, yelp.

jardin, m., garden.

jardinier, m., gardener.

jatte, f., bowl.

jaune, adj., yellow.

je» j'» pers. pron. subject, I.

Jeanne d'Arc, the Maid of Orléans, was born at Domrémy in 1409. After helping Charles VII, King ot France, to rid his country of îi/e English, she was surrendered to them, and shamefully condemned and burned at tbe stake at Rouen, 1431.

jeter, v. a. (§ 160), to throw, cast, utter, throw down.

throw away; se jeter, to cast one's self down, fall on, rush.

jeûne, m., fast, fasting.

jenne, adj., young, youthful.

jeunesse, f., youth, youthful days.

joie, f., joy, mirth, delight.

joli, -e, adj., pretty, nice, beautiful.

joliment, adv., nicely, finely, prettUy, pleasingly.

joue, f., cheek.

jouer, V. a., and n., to play.

joujou, m., toy, playthlng.

jour, m., day, dawn; de tout le jour, the whole day long.

journée, f., day (duration).

day's labour; toute la journée, ail day long.

joyeusement, adv., joyously,

gaily.

joyeux, -se, adj., glad, joyous,

happy.

juger, V. a. (§ 156), to judge.

juin, m., June.

jurer, v. n., to swear, yow.

jusqu'à ce que, conj., until.

jusque, prep., to, even, as far

as, until; up to; jusqu'à,

right down to, as far as;

jusque-là, until then; jus.

qu'aux épaules, up to his or

her shoulders.

juste, adj., just, right, up-

right, exactly.

justement, adv., just, pre-

cisely, exactly.

la, 1', see Je.

là, adv., there, hère; là-bas, down there, yonder; làhaut, up there, in Heaven; îà-dessus, thereupon-; là dedans, in it; (see celui).

labeur, m., labour, work, toil.

laborieux, -se, adj., laborlous, tedious.

lac, m., lake.

lâche, m., coward, dastard.

là dedans, adv., in it, therein.

laisser, v. a., to leave, let, allow; laisser tomber, to drop; laissez-le donc, just let him alone; se laisser, to allow one's self; me laisser faire, to leave It to me.

lait, m., milk.

VOUABULARY

laiterie, f., dairy-ehop, milkshop.

langage, m., language, speech.

langue, f., tongue, speech,

language.

se languir, v. refl., to pine

away, languish, large, adj., wide, broad, large.

large, m., room, space.

larme, f/ tear; rire aux

larmes, to laugh till the

tears corne.

las, lasse, adj., tired, weary.

latin, m., Latin.

laurier, m., laurel.

lazzi, m., pièce of buffoonery,

jest, joke.

le, m., la, f., les, pi., def. art.,

the.

le, m., la, f., les, pi., pers.

pron., him, her, it, them; so.

leçon, f., lesson.

léger, -ère, adj., light, slight,

trivial.

légèrement, adv., slightly.

légion, f., légion, host.

lendemain, m., morrow, next

day, day after.

lent, -e, adj., slow.

lentement, adv., slowly.

lequel, m., laquelle, f., lesquels, m. pi., lesquelles, f.

pi., pron., which, which

one, who, whom, that.

les, pl- of def. art. le.

les, pers. pron., them.

lestement, adv., lightly, brisk-

ly.

lettre, f., letter.

leur, adj., their; lé leur,

theirs.

leur, pron., to them.

lerer, v. a. (§ 158), to raise, lift up; se lever, to get up, rise, dawn.

lèvre, f., lip.

liberté, f., liberty, freedom.

libre, adj., free, at liberty.

lieu, m., 'place, spot; an lieu de, instead of.

lire, V. a. (§ 197, lisant, lu, je lis, je lus, que je lise), to read.

lisière, f., border, edge.

lit, m., bed.

litière, f., litter, straw-bed; être sur la litière, said of a person being very ill in bed.