RO 0) CONNUE
308 A. G. VORDERMAN.
Spum. pigment. indic. PT TM ANEE 9.65 gram.
Camphotæ"puls. PL FROM ECM TEST 11240 RadicAliquiritppulv ou ee tn 3.86 »
Borneolis ul . SN MIN ee DORE Succini. pulv. 7. RRQ TN EAN 3.86 »
Auri Hohab. 0 EUX, MUR RER 5 leaves.
Poracispvenal us pur EE 9.86 gram.
In these recipes pearls, bezoar, sediments of urine, root of coptis, liquorice and calcined borax are again met with, whilst they contain, besides, other ingredients not found in the former ones. The last receipt is curious, because both borneol and common camphor occur in it simultaneously.
In order to make the comparison easy, Î[ have made à table showing the relative percentage of the principal ingredients of the forementioned six Chinese recipes.
The result is that
Pearls form about . . . . 18.2 °/ of the total weight. Sediment of urine forms about. . 13.8 %% » » » » PBecodr A0rms Abou A UE TOO ROUE »
Coptis-root forms about . . . JOUETS SUR »
Spume of Indigo forms about. . RCD ES TL »
Borneol or Camphor forms about . GBA st 60 »
Liquorice forms about . . . AT NS NES »
Calcined Borax forms about . . LA OT EE CR »
Rude cinnabar forms about . . 11.8 ° » » » » Acetas cupricus forms about . . DORE 0 LS »
Carbonetosmesabout :.4. 4 RESTE SP AUS »
DIPHTHERITIS,
Comparative Table showing the relative percentage of the principal ingredients of the forementioned
six Chinese recipes for laringial powder.
= — à 8 A s H'b à lo ke 48 à = |48 #5 46) 6 ua HA © © © 1st recipe [15.9 0/,12.8 0/4) 7.90/) 4.0 0/0! 7.9/0) 7.90/) 4.0 0/9) 4.00/0112.30/) 2.0 0/6) 79% 94 recipe (25.0 » 118.8 ,| 6.2 » 118.8 »| 6.2 »| 6.2 »| 6.2 | — [124] — — 3 recipe (10.6 ,| 8.0 ,| 5.3 , 110.6 ,| — |5.3 »| 5.3 ,| 18 , 10.6 ,;| — 113.8 » 4th recipe [13.5 , [13.5 , [13.5 ” 113.5 , 113.5 » | 5.4 »| 8.0 , 118.5 »| — — — 5th recipe | 6.2 ,| — | 6.2 »| 9.4»! — |1.5 »| 15 ,112.5 »| — — | — 6th recipe | 8.2 , 16.4 ,| 49 »| 3.9 »| 8.2 » 11.4 »| 3.2 »| 82 n| — — 213, Average [13.20/18.80/| 7.30/0 9.90/) 8.90/5] 6.3/0) 4.7 0/0! 7.90/0/11.8 0/0) 2.0 /14.1 7/6
Remarks
carbon found as vegetable coal.
the carbon is for the greater part animal coal.
carbon for the greater part in form of soot of animal elements.
310 A. G. VORDERMAN.
These results differ in some respects from those obtained by the chemists, but we ought not to forget that their analysis was only applied to Si Ma In’s powder.
This last medicament differs principally from the above-mentioned, in not containing prepared sediments of urine and spume of indigo, whilst the percentage of liquiritia and coptis-root is reduced to a minimum. The microscopical examination has, however, proved that both the two last ingredients are present, a conclusion arrived at, when having first exerced one’s self in the microscopical examination of these roots as they are used in form of powder in the laringial powders.
The military surgeon Dr. M. Gresnorr, who occupies himself im the laboratory of the Government’s botanical garden in Buitenzorg with the chemical analysis of native medicaments, had the kindness to search for Berberine in the root of Coptis as well as in the powder of Si Ma In.
He told me that the root named Cchoan ni", which he had procured from a Chinese apothecary’s shop in Buitenzorg, contained 6.5 procent of Berberine, a quantity sufficient for explaining and defending the medical use of this drug.
In order to decide if Berberine could be detected in Si Ma In's powder, he extracted 0.500 gram of the powder with boiling alcohol, added a few drops of diluted Acid. natric. to the warm filtered fluid, which he heated on a steambath until the alcohol was evaporated.
The result was that in the residu no general alcaloïd reagents could be brought forth.
But when 0.100 gram of a mixture of 99 parts of Si Ma In powder and one part of powder of Coptis-root was treated in the same way, the presence of an alcaloid (in this case berberine) could
be sufficiently proved in the residu after evaporation, by the preci-
pitates formed in this residu by a solution of Jodide of potassium, the fluid of Maïjer and phosphomolybdaenas ammoniæ. Consequently, Si Ma In's powder contains less than ?/; procent of Coptis-root.
The most remarkable difference between Si Ma In’s powder and the other laringial powders consists in the great quantity of Borax which drug is, in this case, also used in a calcined form.
The Borneol contained in it is easily detected by smell, As Si Ma In prepares his powder rather slovenly, small particles of acetas cuprieus and calcined bear’s gall are easily distinguished by à magnifying glass, whilst the carbon it contains is recognizable by the microscope. The same is the case with the pulverized pearls.
I once saw him pulverize bezoar of a cow in his house. The borax and the cinnabar have been recognized with sufficient certainty by the chemists.
The quantity of calcined borax ought to be evaluated at 54 procent.
The method of applying the laringial powders in cases of Diphtheritis is very simple.
A very small quantity, say as much as can be placed on the point of a knife, is introduced into the bottom of a paper tube. This tube is made of ordinary paper, rolled cylindrically, about 21/, decimeter long and ‘/, centimeter thick. It ought to be of sufficient consistency, and it is introduced, with the end containing the powder, into the opened mouth near to the affected parts, when, by softy blowing into the other end of the tube, the powder is driven against the exsuded mass. Î sometimes make use of a sufllator with an india-rubber ball, having previously straightened the curved extremity in hot water; but not too much force ought to be used; nor is it advisable to sufflate when the patient is inhaling, as the powder then penetrates into the larynx and occasions à violent attack of cough. The chinese physician blows
always very gently in such cases.
312 A. G VORDERMAN.
During the first days the sufflation is repeated every two hours; later on it may be repeated every three hours; but as long as exsudation is visible, it may not be left off.
For better security, I have the powder sufflated two times a day through the nostrils till behind the nares posteriores. In the beginning it is not to be omitted to repeat the operation repeatedly at night. It is, however, always of the greatest importance to assure one’s self that the powder has come into contact with the diphtherical spots, which is not always easily achieved with refractory children.
For the insufflation of such little patients, the Chinese doctors make use of a very simple and practical contrivance. It consists of a small, flat, copper cylinder, to one side of which is inserted a copper tube, part of which can be lengthened by drawing it out.
The cylinder has the form and the size of an ordinary pillbox in our apothecary's shops. The copper plates, forming the bottom and cover, are very thin, and can be compressed together with a twang, resuming, however, their former condition, as soon as the pression of the fingers is relaxed. By this pression some air is driven from the cylinder into the lateral tube, sufficient for expelling the powder contained in the extremity of the tube.
With refractory children the so charged tube is introduced between the teeth till the root of the tongue, when the pression is
brought upon the cylinder.
As regards the effect of Si Ma In's powder, it is undoubtedly antiseptic, on account of the high proportion of caleined borax, carbon and borneol. According to the latest researches, acids of gall possess equally antiseptic properties, so that. the bezoar contained in the laringial powders, which ought to be considered as a secretion
of bile, will work as such. We are, however, not yet able to as-
certain which influence the other ingredients effect upon the microbes playing the prominent part during the diphtherical process. No experiments of any kind have been made concerning them; but to deny a priori every influence to them, seems to me, as yet, too rash.
Consequently, [ have not dared to eliminate some of the principal ingredients from the recipe of which [ make use for sufflation in cases of dipththeritis of the throat, but [ have tried to make it up as near as possible in accordance with Si Ma In's powder, relying upon the chemical analysis of the component parts of this | powder by chemists and by microscopical examination.
I obtained with this powder the same results as those obtained with Si Ma In’s powder, whilst the price differs immensely. My
powder consists of:
paivenised pearls.. dr: 9. NL. un (4) DeZOAL O1 COWMS: IN me. Hi" Si 2 »
root of Coptis . ; ; ; ! : À HR root of liquorice . DOME vegetable coal prepared from prunes . . 8 »
borneol . : : k ; > : ’ ? DATE" CAlEITEAMDOTAR 0 2 es CS A 20 »
natural cinnabar Ne PS RE AN »
Chinese acetic oxyde of copper . . . V2 »
total 50 >»
The transcription in Chinese characters is as follows:
314 A. G. VORDERMAN.
Recrpe N°. 7 (SUFFLATING-POWDER).
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