BIEN FE | 5 FE
In latin this recipe will be:
Trocluse. arw cuméfello , 42 M. ,. 57.9 gram Riizom cophid. Conscis. PRE RUN. D: 936.7 > Radic. scutellariae viscidulae conscis. . . 38.6 » Radic. ginseng) nigri COnsCis., . © … | 77.2, .» Radic. platycodont. grandiflor. conscis. . . 57.9 » Riom: alpiniae, Conscis. 14, A C0 57:90 > Hiortcapnialiaen us 1... cu 1 77.2»
Pulp uvulariae M ON LAC OMR C58:62 3 Cortic. pterocarpi flav. SRE, ONE, | Ni Hadic Can HAS TORRES, CA 6772805 Capaull orsythae "Re Er NL -72R 0 D71-910> Radic. liquir. cum melle praeparat. M: 96-010
Tuber. pachyrhizi trilob. consciss . + . 57.9 »
Boiïled down with half a litre of water to !/.th litre. The decoctum is prepared at home in a Chinese teapot (kip siao
+ JE ). The Chinese apothecary only delivers the necessary herbs.
When the decoctum is evaporated to the volume of about °/9th mangkok (Hi) = ‘Isth litre, the fluid part is taken, after refrigeration, by grown-up patients in three times, so that the decoctum only suffices for one day and night. To small children a spoon of the dococtum is given from time to time.
When the fever has gone and the exudation become stationary, I administer, besides the sufflation, the following decoctum in ac-
cordance with Si Ma In’s recipe.
318 A. G VORDERMAN.
Recrre N°. 9 (Herss).
BIRÉRE LÉ | SI $ |l=Æ SRI
| À FRIRHSS
ENSEASNEX SEX
JS $
Or, an Latin:
Flor. rehmanniae chinensis . . . . ‘77.2 gram FoMoPtbambus, OUR, PAL EPS SENS TS Flor. pyrethri sinensis . . . . . 579 »
Radic. platycodont. grandiflor. . . . 579 »
RAdic cajans Have 0 MORE TE 2e Radic tou ltng hong) NON NE ST EEE
These herbs are infused with hot water in à kip-siao (É JE Chinese teapot), shghtly boiled, and then allowed to cool down, when a small cup of it may be drunk now and then as à cup of tea. This and the former decoctum are both to be taken as a gar-
garism before swallowing it.
1) If this is the same as the Kk NO £ of Chinese Botanists, it would be the
Anandria bellidiastrum of Decandolle (Hoffmann et Schultes).
The third or dietetic part of the treatment consists in the following:
The patient has to remain in a room, aerated from time to time, but guarded against draught or wind.
The internal use of iced water, fat, of meats prepared with fat and sugar, and of fruits is prohibited. Likewise bathing.
During the first stage, his nourishment ought to consist of soft-boiled rice, eggs with salt and dried fish, (ikan gaboos siam, a species of Ophiocephalus, imported here, dried and salted, from Siam.)
Later on may be added: boiïled chicken after the fat has been removed, meager chicken roasted in hot ashes and bread, whilst the quantity of eggs may be increased to seven per diem. For
beverage only refrigerated boiled water is allowed.
I think to have now sufficiently elucidated the Chinese method of curing diphtheritis of the throat, and reported which were the results obtained in my practice.
If this may lead to the application of this method by my colleagues, 111 think myself sufficiently rewarded.
In preparing this paper, Chinese simplicia or other medicaments, unknown to the majority of our western physicians and pharmacopolists, were repeatedly mentioned. T have, therefore, found it necessary to investigate and describe these, and to subjoin the results
as à pharmacographic addition.
Pharmacographical Part.
In determining the following Chinese medicaments, [ have made use à. o. of the following works:
Pèn-Ts'au Kang-Muh (See page 182; p. 10 of the reprint).
W. Ainslie, Materia indica.
E. J. Waring, Pharmacopoea of [ndia.
S. Wells Williams, Chinese commercial guide.
J. Hofimann and H. Schultes, Noms indigènes d'un choix de plantes du Japon et de la Chine.
T. Porter Smith, Contributions towards the materia medica and Natural history of China.
Flückiger et Hanbury, Histoire des drogues d’origine végétale. (Traduction française par le Dr. De Lanessan).
Soubeiran et Darby de Thiersant, La matière médicale chez les Chinois.
Thos. Christy, New commercial plants and drugs.
Oudemans, Handleïding tot de pharmacognosie van het plantenrik.
Bretschneider, Botanicon sinicum.
Bretschneider, Early european researches into the flora of China (Journal North China Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 1880).
Ch. Ford, Ho-Kai and W. Crow, Notes on Chinese materia medica (China Review XVII and XVIII).
[1] Lapis Bezoar Srmix.
1E #$ Æ chià” kaô ts.
Bezoar of apes is sometimes used by the Hakka-Chinese instead of bezoar of cows in the preparation of laringial powders.
The article ls rather expensive. That of Bandjermasin (S. E. part
of Borneo) is most in demand, and is obtained from large species of apes as the Orang-utan and the Mandrill. À thael of this stuff is worth here 40 rupees (À 3, 6/6d).
The concrements consist of cylindric, kidney-shaped or globular lumps, extremely smooth and only showing in one place a dull spot, mostly as an impression.
The color is greenish grey. Besides the laminated structure, only to be recognized by section, Chinese pharmacopolists possess a mark of recognition by which they test the genuineness of the article. To test it, they lay a little moist sirih-lime upon the back of the hand, which lime is rubbed with the bezoar to be tested. When the lime turns to a yellow color, the bezoar is admitted to
be genuine.
[2] Laprs Buzoar Bovis.
1Ë 2 5 chià" gû hông.
Brittle, light, smooth, spherical or oviform concrements, sometimes rounded off at the corners, and having externally a darkbrown color, whilst they show internally a concentric structure, in which rust-brown and ochre layers alternate.
They are the officinal bezoar-stones, formerly also used by us. Those used in China are, generally, imported from British India, the rest being native produce. The concrement is kept at a high price: ÏÎ had to pay here for a stone, as large as an ordinary marble, two and à half rupee (about 4/24). These gall-stones consist, according to Porrer Suirx (1. c. p. 76), of a special crystalline matter, called acidum lithofellicum. Bezoar-stones of other animals are equally used, but mostly those of the cow. Wizirams says
that they are subject to adulteration (with ochre clay and oxgall),
322 A. G. VORDERMAN.
but that the genuine ones are to be recognized by their remamning unchanged when plunged into hot water, whilst the false ones crumble to pieces ‘). Another test is that a redhot needle, stuck into a genuine bezoar-stone, only splits off a shiver of the outer layer. They ought also to leave a yellow streak when rubbed upon
chalk, and a green one upon unslacked lime.
[3] FEz URSI INSPISSATUM.
1Ë bé Hé chià” him tà”.
Viscous, small, black boli, having an extremely bitter taste, and consisting of inspissated bear’s gall.
The gall-bladder of the Chinese bear Ursus thibethanus is gathered, dried with its contents and highly priced as a medicament. The gall of both the other Chinese species of bear, Airulopus melanoleucus and Ailurus fulgens, seems equally to be used offcinally. The firstnamed species is found in Manchuria, Shensi and Kansuh. As the drug is in high repute with Chinese physicians, and the importation is not very considerable, the gall of other rare animals is sometimes used instead. So, on the West-coast of Borneo, that of the Orang-utan is collected. In this place (Batavia) such a preparation of the Chinese bear costs 16 rupees or somewhat less, in proportion to its weight. In the Batavian Chinese apothecary s shops a second quality of bear's gall is to be had, being cheaper in price, brought into the market at Singapore, and probably obtained from the malay bear Ursus malayanus. The bladder in which this gall is dried and preserved, is smaller than the genuine ones and it is less worth. I paid five rupees for a gall-bladder of middling size.
These bladders have the appearance of pear-shaped, long-stemmed
1) Wizxams, L. c. pag. 149.
CHINESE TREATMENT Of DIPHTHERITIS. 323
bags of a black color, grooved lengthwise with deep furrows by desiccation and which are prolonged to the stem, the ductus choledochus. When the bladder is gathered, this duct is tied up, the marks of which are, generally, visible.
When bear's gall oceurs in a prescription, the ingredients of which are to be worked up for a solution or decoctum, it does not underso a special preparation; but, in case it is used as a component part of a powder, it does. The weighed quantity is heated in an iron spoon above the fire, until it is totally or nearly totally carbonized by evaporation of the gasses. The coal is then scraped off, pulverized and then only added to the other ingredients of the powder. Of course, we have then no longer to do with inspissated gall, but with animal coal. In such a form it is used in the Chi-
uese suflating-powders.
[4] Moscaus oRTENTALIS.
Æ F9 É$ Hün-lâm sià.
The origin of the thibetan musk, also used in China as à medicament, is too well known, as to require to be mentioned here. Porrer SmirH') tells us that it is also imported from Kwangsi, Szechuen, Kansuh, Yunnan and Honan. Dr. Williams says that the muskdeer is found wild in the provinces of Yunnan and Szechuen. The drug is subject to many adulterations. WiLLrams mentions as such the admixtion of a brown, unctuous earth to the genuine musk, this having a higher specific weight than the unadulterated drug, or by admixtion of the clotted blood of the animal”). In this place we find in Chinese apothecary’s shops bags being worth
[) Porter Smith, l.c. pag. 153.
2) Williams, L.c. pag. 180.
324 A. G VORDERMAN.
with the skin 20 rupees, whilst there are also adulterated ones with skilfully imitated bags, costing only one rupee. It is seldom used as a component of laringial powders, and when,
only in order to disperse winds, according to Chinese ideas.
[5] MarGaRITAE.
B 2 ER î chin-tsu.
Pearls. These are imported in large quantities for medical use from British India into China !). Geuerally, the smallest serve as such. Being universally known, a description of them is superfluous. On some Chinese recipes the use of large pearls is prescribed, but for the laringial powders only the smallest are mostly used, which are to be got here for five rupees the &Ë of 3.8 gram. When pulverized, they form a fine, white powder, recoguizable under the microscope als flat, clear, transparent, polygonal fragments, in which sometimes oceur fine streaks as stratified structure.
Pulverized pearls form a constant ingredient in Chinese sufflating-powders.
À Chinese doctor assured me that he obtained prompter good results in cases of throat complaints, since he had augmented the quantity of pearlpowder in his prescriptions. Whilst formerly pearls occurred in our materia medica (a.o. the praeparatio margaritarum of the apothecary's shop in the Hague), they are now no longer in use. The analysis shows that they consist for 66 percent of carbonate of lime and for 24 percent of an albuminous element *).
1) Williams, Le. pag. 158.
2) Ainslie, L.c. pag. 297.
[6] SEDIMENTUM URINAE.
For the preparation of this article, which nearly constantly recurs in recipes for sufflating-powders, the urine of small children is used, boiïled with an admixture of gypsum or salt, in order to promote crystallisation !). Mr. Porter Smith describes the exterior as a preparation of small cakes, crystalline and easily liquable, and preserved in small gallipots. Evidently Porter Smith has in view another urinary preparation, than that generally used in sufflatingpowders.
That described by him would hardly be serviceable as a component part of a powder, on account of its liquable property.
The Fuhkien-Chinese make use of an urinary preparatiou, which, in a crude state, appears like stone-hard, coarse lumps resembling in color pumice and giving easily a light, powdery mould. Some pieces make the impression as if they had had, more or less, a cylindrie form when integral. One of the surfaces is then rough, but nearly flat, the other very coarse and warty and rounded off; the other sides consist of coarse fractured surfaces.
After being carefully pulverized, it is soaked in water and the fluid poured off until it no longer emits a particular smell. By this preparation the soluble salts are lost. The dried powder remaining after this preparation is ashy grey, but contains, according to the experiments made by Dr. Erxman in the pathological and bacteriological laboratory in this place, many viable germs of different
bacteries and micrococca ?).
1) Porter Smith, l.c. pag. 224.
2) We remember in our yourth a case of a railway-guard near Leiden who had been suffering for weeks of fever and could not get rid of it. Sometime later we found him again at his post, and he told us he had been at last cured by drinking, upon the advice of an old crone, his own urine. It would seem thus that the bacteries and microbes contained in the human urine actually weighed war against the microbes which had occasioned the fever.
596 À. 6. VORDERMAN.
Another preparation of urine again cousists of brittle, light yellowish-grey lumps of an irregular form, easily frittered between the fingers, but equally to be soaked and washed repeatedly in water before using it, when it exhibits a light yellowish-grey, very fine and rather heavy powder.
Both abovementioned preparations are, according to information, obtained in China in the following way. The first from the incrustations of urine upon the walls of dung-pits, the second from the sediments and incrustations in tons or pots.
In China it is said to be the custom to place here and there in public thoroughfares stone jars with a written invitation to male passers-by to depose therein their urine. This fluid is used as dung in kitchen-gardens.
The bottom and the sides of these jars, which are never cleansed, get incrustated with a hard crystalline matter which is afterwards picked off, and represents the raw material for the abovementioned urinary preparation. That obtained from the dung-pits is of an inferior quality than that obtained from the urine-jars. The material is firstly calcined before it can be used officinally.
Viewed under the microscope, it consists of a granulous substance, in which are found here and there yellowish crystalline fragments, whilst minute jetblack particles of coal constantly oceur. According to Dr. Crerter, the chemical composition is carbonate of
lime, mixed with a little coal.
[7] Tuer PACHYRHIZI TRILOBI (siceum et conscissum).
TE kan koah.
Yellowish-white, oblong-square, fleshy, flexible, thin, flat slices
of the dried, highly amylous, tuberous root of Pachyrhieus trilobus L.
CHINESE TREATMENT Of DIPHTHERITIS. 327
#} (hün koah) of the family of the Papilionaceae ?).
Their surface is coarse and mealy. In some of them are found one or more darker colored longitudinal streaks, occasioned by the oblique section of one or more year-rings. The slices are, generally, about eleven centimeter long and 2 to 3 ctm. broad.
In the larger Chinese apothecary's shops the dried root is also found unsliced, in the form of semi-conic or semi-cylindric fragments, externally fibrous, the lateral roots and outer skin having been coarsely removed. They possess the same physical properties as the above-mentioned flat slices, in which four year-rings are distinetly visible. Their taste is insipid and mealy.
These lumps are rather heavy and have the same length as the described slices. One of their sides is flat, whilst the other represents a segment of the outer surface of the bulbous root. Sometimes they are imported in Patavia fresh from China, generally, near Chinese new-year. They then have a cylindric form, tapering at both extremities gradually and equally (spoolshaped).
The thin outerskin is rough and dark greyish-brown. Some irregular grooves, from which sideroots sprout, run in a longitudinal direction; whilst delicate, superficial, parallel furrows run athwart.
The section is white, and the four year-rings are distinctly recognizable by their darker color.
The fresh tubers are, on an average, 3 to 4 decimeter long, and 0.8 to 1 dem. broad at their thickest part.
The price is rather high. I paid 50 cents (10) for a middlesized root weighing about two catty, whilst the prepared, dried slices cost as much.
The texture consists, besides the korky layer, of large, oblongsquare parenchyme-cells, overfilled with amylum, between which many
vessels run lengthwise.
1) Soubeiran and Darby, l.e. p. 276. Porter Smith, L.c. p. 88 sub Dolichos trilobus. Bretschneider, L.c. p. 146.
328 A. G VORDERMAN. CHINESE TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERITIS.
The amylum-grains are agglomerated in an oval form, The loose grains appear partially angular and, at the same time, partially rounded off, and resemble exactly those of the native Pachyrhizus angulatus, Riom. When adding water to them, the kernel-spot does
not appear.
[8] Busurus UvuLARIAE.
JI EH Cchoan poë.
Small, white, composite globules, generally as big as our dutch green peas, but among which are found many smaller ones and sometimes bigger ones. They are inodorous and have an insipid, mealy taste. At the upper end they are somewhat pointed, whilst their lower end is somewhat flattened. At this part is to be seen, in the centre, a darker colored depression, from which delicate rootfibres spring.
The globules consist of three parts: two farinaceous scales separated in a perpendicular direction, the one generally occupying 2, and the other ‘/; of the globule; between them we see a spindleshaped tapering organ consisting of two mealy leaves, between which sometimes a delicate caulica is observed as à shoot.
For use, the globules are split, and the middlepart is thrown away. The position of this part is always so arranged that it is placed in a groove of the smallest scale, whilst the greater scale is free from depressions. In rare cases the scales by which the globules are divided are nearly equally large, but, in general, the smallest rests against the bigger one, like the tail of a crab against its body.
(to be continued).
MANDSCHURICA
VON
