Ÿ] 3X AK
43) HE hp JE another transcription of Djénggala, according to Chao Ju-kwah.
Se 22 Lx à [ins] MES ON < ; :
But this is wrong. Tang-ka-lo, written HE jy YA > by Zei-sin, is the same place as the modern Malacca. Cf. Geogr. Notes VI, Z'oung-pao. IX, pp. 369—376.
44) FT LE {1 PA probably the same as Vañjungpura note 39; but read in the
Mandarin dialect Tan-chung-pu-lo.
45) ei BYE The same as Bali in note 37. The character EL pa which forms
the phonetical element of the character pa, is used for ba in the transcription of
Badakshan V4, E 5 [1 patañ-kheh-shan.
46) FR D Sunda.
A7) JC FT probably the same as 2 S vurun, note 38.
ss, EAU NE Et 46 El, KR, 17 XIE, MA B&, US, #7 0, Be OR GE , it 4, Fo, JFK BE JE 21, À A À, Di 2x DR. 14 F4 2€ 2 ES 4 ©. 47 x Bd fe HE A FA DE. DE JK À Ch FA HE M 4).
This last passage again shows that Chao Ju-kwah has confounded Java with Djava on the Malayan Peninsula, at all times the favourite haunt of the Malay Pirates.
Feï-sin says absolutely the same thing of the islands near Malacca ‘whose inhabitants do not till the ground, but only live from rapine in company with other countries, so that the merchant-ships
seldom go there {°).
Not a single word of this important notice on Sukëtan and Java by Chao Ju-kwah has been incorporated in the official history of the Sung-dynasty, though they have otherwise pilfered and
ransacked this author in many points.
We hear no more of the country, but during the Ming-dynasty, in the year A.D. 1405, where we find the following entry:
“Sukëtan is a dependant state of Java, whose name was later on corrupted to Sukëèt-kang. It lies inland and only contains à certain number of settlements. The chieftain lives at (Grissé. The sea there is boisterous, so that ships can not anchor there; for which reason the merchant-vessels all go to Jortan. The country is a flat alluvial plain and the inhabitants all go there in order to trade. The adjoining countries are Surabaya and Tuban. In Tuban are many pirates, so that the Chinese rarely go there. Sukëtan
brought tribute in the year 1405” 5°).
pk Eù #7 1 RE, © ME, SR AL, dX om Et. E À HE ft XI 6. 6, À mn XL, FE, He X # (éattoo, sic!) EN É, HE Æooooo À À ER. MI 9 Hi #E, DA FF 1 FX, HT 1 À Æ À.
49) Geographical Notes, N°. VI, T'oung-pao IX, p. 371.
Sie de Aa at 8 Li # LES XR SE. SIERRA
The Tung-si-yang-khao is a little more explicit. We read there: “Sukëtkang is an error for Sukëtan. It is a dependant state of Java, and counts several settlements, but which are under the supremacy of Grissé. In Grissé is a king, who is more than a hundred years old and is able to know lucky and unlucky events. The country (viz Sukëtan, not Grissé) lies inland, and the merchant-vessels can hardly pass by there, for the water (sea) there is very boisterous, and will not allow vessels to anchor there, so that the inhabitants go to Jortan in order to trade with the Chinese, for the place where the Chinese anchor is Jortan. Jortan lies in a flat plain, and has walls built of stone. When its chieftain goes out, he rides in à carriage with a baldaquin ornamented with gold, and drawn by 4 or 8 horses, or, sometimes, by yellow heifers. He is preceded by a complete escort of more than a hundred men.
When the natives see the king, they hide aside and dare not show themselves. Only the women fold their hands and crouch down at the side of the road. For the rest their customs are similar to those of Hia-kang (Bantam). It is said that its adjoining countries are Surabaya and Tuban. In Tuban are many pirates, on which account the Chinese will not settle down there.
(The king of) Tuban had a second son, called Pok-kik ‘'); when he was above ten years old, his body weighed several hundreds of catties. Robbers once kidnapped him, but they could not lift him up. At present he is Æatu (king) *).
ATH. 9 ME SE FE. HP fr. EH À HR ME #25 HE BL BA A A 46 He 6 és À ff Æ. Jj BK ML, 7R SE = 4E QU Vite Piomition
Chap. 105.
51) AU An.
52) Ralu is the javanese term for a king or a queen. The word has also been intro-
duced into the malay language. Cp. Brandes, Pararaton, pp. C4 and 156.
Behind Jortan are the Kim-a5 mountains where are long bamboos forming a forest, and where Melatis blossom wild, without cultivation.
The population runs about naked, wearing only a rag °*) around the lower part of the body.
They plant beans for food. The able-bodied are good hunters, and chase bucks, deer, apes and monkeys, which they roast upon the fire and eat. When they are hungry they eat their flesh, and when they are thirsty, they drink their blood, to which they add wine of a tree (palmwine). They never come down from their
mountains”” °*).
53) — #K. Groeneveldt, o. ce. p. 54, translates by “a piece of paper”. But at that time, paper was unknown in Java. See the exhaustive paper on the fabrication of paper in the “Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie”, Vol. XIV, fasc. 1V, pp. 177—178.
In the ET L'é (Skwok-wen Dictionary) the word #K chi is defined as 38 —— de + ;
“a rag of cotton”, in Malay redja kaïn, chi is here a numerical particle, asin — ft == n a document, a letter, Z£. “a rag of writing” (Wells Williams). Dutch “een vod papier”. According to javanese tradition, the ancient Javanese ranged the woods and they had no houses. They only wrapped around their loins a piece of bark. (Knebel, Varia Javanica in Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Batavia 1901).
0) EE 6 fn 6 1 CHU. RME 4.
HAEEU.FHAAÀ El
CF JL ER 74, 1
ASSRER-ÉM ue ANR E : PÜLRe PH, LUE Hs. M.
RH7SR BRAY à D Où qu SC EH 5 4 Fe «= nm E RS D y et NEŒHNES
= à M Fi
> SD 4 EH à bars
Next follows the topography of Sukëtan.
1. Mount Po-lo-gan. The Great Geography (of the Ming) says that it is situated in Sukëtan. Before the foreign ships arrive there, they first see this mountain, on the top of which are five high peaks, constantly covered by clouds, and which the skippers call the big mountain Pa-na 55).
In the Itinerary in Chap. IX, fol. 7 recto of the same work we read:
“From the island PBüilliton to the large islands of Karimon Java it takes 15 watches (36 hours). From hence to the island (or mountain) Po-lo-gan it takes 4 watches (9h 36!) 55). This mountain lies opposite Karimon Java, and is erroneously called Pa-na. Hence to Pepper-island, it takes 4 watches (9h 36). This is in the territory of Tuban. Sailing along this island, one passes the island of Ya, and hence seven watches (161 48’) bring us to Jortan. Suketkang- Jortan is the state of Sukëtan which is governed by the king of Java.
Both states are contiguous, and Grissé is lord of them” °’).
BR & BU. BPM, RATÉ Æ, FR H. ARE, H—HÈE Pi. HE.
uk 26 dt, 28 A DE JR AE, KR KG 0 À. LR K A. 28 À À dl. 4 LA M. Ep À € P UT, vit IX DE ZÉ #5. Chap. IV, fol. 13. Cp. Groeneveldts “Notes”, p. 54 of the Reprints.
NAS CRE CI 6 fn À A1, A RHUME, LÉ. HAEE EE. fi Are À& E df K 1.
56) According to the Books of the Ming-dynasty (Book 323, Description of Formosa)
the chinese skippers count 10 watches in 24 hours sailing [#} K 21h = E 1À À + HE]
