CHAPTER VI
ABBIVAL AT NICB — ^ENTHUSIASTIC EECEPTION BY THB ABMT OV ITAiY — HIS ARBEST — INDIGNATION OF HIS OFFICERS— TAKEN TO PARIS— IMPBISONED IN CARMES AND THE CONCIERGEBrE— THE FRIGHTFUL WOBK OF THB GUILLOTINE — SOCIETY IN THE PRISON — HIS FEELINGS— HIS FREBND IhOIRAS EXECUTED— CHANGE IN HOCHE— THE TERRORISTS — THE RE-ACTION OF THEBMIDOB — HOCHB SET FB£B — GOES TO TmONVILLE.
Line 16.— devancé— Preceded.
Line 19.— accueil— In words ending in ueiî and ueille, us has the
Sound of eu in heure, or oeu in soeur. Line 20.— quaï'tier général — Head-quarters.
" Nice— A town on the Mediterranean, west of the Qtilf of
Genoa, Line 24.— rival de gloire Napoleon Bonaparte. Line 28.— aolire &c.— Abstemious, as he always was.
Page 37.
Line 2.— devant- In déférence to.
Line 5.— les repas de Pytliagore—Pythagoras was a celebrated
Greek philosopher who believed and taught the doctrine of the transmigration of soûls. He absolutely f orbade the use of animal food, a conséquence, no doubt, of his belief in Metempsychosis.
Line 7.— Jrude— Harsh.
" arrêté— Decree — Arrêt means sentence or judgment in
légal cases ; arrêté is applied to the resolution of a deliberative body, or an order of an administrative council, &c. ; prendre un arrêté, to pass a resolution.
Line 9.— Oneiile An Italian town N. E. of Nice.
Line 11.— général à l'armée— This is rather a peculiar um of A.
Line 13.— feront mettre— Will put.
Liûe 14 «n ^4*t d^arrestation— Uuder arrest.
Line 16.— Collot d'IIrrbol»— Notorious as one of the nio^t cruel &nd blood-thirsty of the revolutionary leaders. Lyons wa« the principal scène of his massacres. He wa« trAnsported and died in exile.
Line 17.— <;«"« lecture— The reading of thig deorw^
Line 18.— «ontenue— Restrained.
« Pardon — Excuse me.
Line 19.— J'ignorais <tc.— I was not aware that you were a poHc©man — Fussiez is subjunctivo afttr ignorais. The following verbs usually require the subjonctive .—appréhender, commander, douter, empêcher, a'étonner, ijnorer, nier, ordonner, permettre, $e réjouir, souhaiter, soupçonner, (ind others oî similar meaning. The Gendarmes conHtitute a military police, comprising both cavalrj' and infantry. The force consista chiefly of soldiers t&keu from the army, generally on account of intelligence and good conduct.
" me mettre an lit — To go to bed — Distingnish the noon
from verb lit.
Line 26.— ««P^rleura — Not of higher rank than Hocho, but the highest in rank among his subordinates.
Line 26.— ▼©«*»•"* Mn.luer— venir with de means, to hâve juit, as je viens de le voir; with d, to happen, as si 9o\u venitx à U voir; without a préposition it is used like the Ënglish coTue oefore au infinitive of purpose, as in tliis passage.
Line 27.— *«■•»>* ^clattr — Manifested — bw st forth in — Uterally, caused to burst forth.
Line 28.— •• «ouitralre à— To escapo from. See Noto, p. 19, 1. 23.
Line 30.— to»* provenu— Every ono snmnioned.
Line 81.— «'y refuaa— te refuser t&kes d af ter it— hence the ose of y.
Line 83.— pû* lerrlr— Might serve— Subjunctivo beoauM oontin^-
ency is expnsseil.
Line 86.— »• •• démentirent pai— Did not falter.
Paou 88.
Line 1.— expos^Explaincd.
Line 2.— *Ualt être— Would be.
Line 8.— <l« nouveau — Again.
Line 4.— Injustices — Arts of injusticrt. Line 6.— toMj<»«'» *tane«te— Wlàoh ulway» proved fatal
Line 7.— !«»— The pronouns 7noi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles, are sometimes callfd Disjunr.tive personal pronouns, because they are used apart from the verb, They are employed (1) after c'est, ce sont &c., (2) alone, (3) after que, ou, comme, ni, (4) after a préposition, (5) wlien there is more than one subject, (6) for the sake cf emphasis. In the last case one of the conjunctive pronouns, ^'e, tu, il, elle, &c. ,is usually inserted as the subject of the verb; but sometimes, as hère, when it is intended to mark a distinction, the disjunctive pronoun is itself the subject of the verb. D. F. 4G3.
Line 9. — on eût dît — One would hâve said it was — i.e. He ap-
peared like.
« Socrate — Socrates, the celebrated Athenian philosopher,
who was put to death as the enemy of religion. He met
his fate with the greatest cheerfulness and composure.
Line 11. — qWil lui fût — Subjunctive after demanda.
Line 13. — mandé — Summoned,
Line 14. — tout en lui cacliant — While concealing from her — cacher takes à — lui is used for both genders when it is the indirect object of a verb; but is masculine only when governed by a préposition. The following table shows the use of the personal pronouna of the third person :
UsB op Pronoun.
SiNGULÂR.
Plural.
Masc.
Fera.
Masc.
Fem.
Subject of verb
t7 le
lui
lui
elle
la
lui
elle
ila Us leur eux
elles
Direct object of verb
Us
Indirect object of verb
leur
Disjunctive (Note p. 38,1. 7)
elles
Line 16. — apprit — Iniorvaedi—'Apprendre meana either to learn or
teach — learn ia often used incorrectly for teach in
English.
Line 17. — sans reproche — ^Beingwithout reproach — having nothing
to reproach myself with.
Line 19.— J« ^^ "**« plains pas — The différence in meaning of sa
plaindre and plaindre is well illustrated in this sentence.
Line 25.— mol—See Note p. 33, 1. 7 (6).
Line 26. — grief-; — Causes of coiai)lfiiiit — grievanr««. Orief in "Zn^lish had once the uamo meaniug ad —
" What private griefs tliey hâve, alas 1 I kuow not That mado thtm do it." — Shakapeare, " Juliua dvaar."
Line 80. — la chose iiubLique — The pubUc good— the common wel fare, or commonwealth — a literal translation o( the Latin respublica.
• Cinciuuatua — A colebrated consul o( aucient Borne
When the empire was in extrême danger, at the argent Bolicitation of his countrymcn he allowed hiiu-«elf to be elected consul; but when, by his efforts, thu danger had been averted, he returned at once to his farm.
Line 81. — labourer — To cultivate — Compare English, " to work a farm."
Line 83. — abnisnenient — Dégradation.
Line 35. — «m'out fitit sortir — Hâve withdrawn me.
Paoe 89.
liine 1. — qn'on dirait &c. — q ne l'on, if the rule had been observed.
The use of i'un or on is a mère çueotion of euphony.
Hère lettre que l'un would not sound wi-ll on accoont o(
the répétition of the l. Sue Note, p. S8, 1. 9. Line 2. — beaux — Glorioua.
Line 8. — on •'étonne — Because it was generaily uodentood thaï
when a man was arrostod, he would l^avitably b« coa-
domued to death.
Line 7. — arrivait aux armée<i — Reached the armlea. Line 14« — on vouh feia Sec. — You wLLl boow t;vi tae justice wbii^h
you deserve.
Line 17. — Carmes — A monastory of Carmelit<» ir'riar» in Paris, us«d
as a prison duriug tho Ilovulution.
Line 19. — Conciergeiio — Part of tho Palais (irs JuHti<x>, ongin»'!^
the resideuco of the Judge, who it oldcu nmcs waa
called *' Concierge du Palais de Justice " — Co-»*»<rys noil
meau3 a porter, and Conciergtiie, a p-vU'r's ^«^a. M d'où on lie sortait — Prom which no oan isio»*
Line 26. — on cUarrlolt — Were cartcd.
Line 27. — la progression — The cuulinual increaa»- Line 29. — cUarrttes meurtrirres — Slaughtor CtU**— -Th» «arta àa
■which the condemucd were t.'iken to ths ^lllr**»-». Line 82. — a4iaedao — A oovared drain— rather a mUU \uiar la Uiis
l66 NOTES.
Line 34. — vers les trois heures — About tliree o'clook.
Line 37. — ^voûtes — Arches, from Latin volutum. English, vault.
Page 4C.
Line 3. — fermiers généraux — Farmers gênerai — i.e., those who paid a definite sum to the government for the taxes of a certain district, and then collected them from the people.
Line 5. — Sedan — A town in the north of France, on the Meuse. It was the scène of the downfall of the Second Empire in 1870. It also gives its name to Sedan chair.
Line 11. — ^fournées — ^Batches, from four oven, — The termination ée forms a noun meaning the full of , as poignée, brassée, &c.
]jine 14. — pins de — ■jplus and moins take de, not que, before numbers.
Line 16. — Brienne — Proper names do not take the sign of the plural. D. F. 409. (1).
Line 18. — ce que la nature &c — Whatever was most lovely in nature. (The most lovely of natiire's childi'en. Pernet).
Line 19. — candeur sans example — Unequalled purity.
Line 22. — moissonnées — Cut down — literally, reaped.
Line 23. — 1» cour des femmes — The court-yard for womeu (in th<i prison).
Line 25. — Poitou — A province of France, on the Bay of Biscay.
Line 28. — nuls — Of no conséquence — obscure.
Line 31. — pour un aristocrate &c. — For one aristocrat there were ten patriots. Patriotes was the name -'ven to those who favored the Révolution,
Line 32. — loi des suspects — Carlyle says of this law : " Deputy Merlin.... cornes with his world-famous Law of the Suspects, ordering ail Sections by their Committees, instantly to arrest ail Persons Suspect, and explaining withal who the Arrestable and Suspect especially are. *Are suspect,' says he, *all who by their actions, by their connexions, speaMngs, writings hâve,' — ^in short become Suspect.... If Suspect of nothing else, you may grow, as came to be a saying, ' Suspect of being Suspect'!"
Page 41.
Lin© 3.— ^At-ce — "When the conjunction is omitted, the subject cornes af ter the verb— as in English, were j^, meaning if it wer0,
Line 7. pow 1"* appartenir &c. — For being too nearly related to
him.
« se lança — ^Bnshed»
Jiine 9.— ««pt — The j? is silent, >>ut the t is sounded, as it U alto Ui huit, befure a vuwd, or when uited &d a uoun.
Line 14. — connnerce &(>. -IntercourHe of a Helect circle. " «ntruticua — Cuiiversation.
Line IG.— «t qui— Sec Nuto p. 5, 1. 33.
Line 20.— Joitephine de Ileiiultarn»li — Afteruardn wifn of Napoléon Bonaparte. Divorred in ibC/J. lier daughter, Hortonse, married Louis Bonaparte, King ol liuUand.
Line 23. — demuHdait uu travail — Sought in bard work.
Line 33. — ennuiu — Vexations — In ennui aud itu compouud», and
also in ennobler, tbe en bas the nasal Hound, but not io
ennemi.
Paok 42.
Line 4. — dont «11© (fec. — From whicb it had so widely di-parted.
Line 6. — «t de même que &c. — And jubt aa tbe fuiihful do not hold.
Line 9.— égaras — Mistaken.
" de même — So.
Line 11.— forfaits — Crimes.
Line 13. — ««* 1«« invoquant — Wbile invoking them — or, by invok ing them.
Line 14. — tout Jeune — Wben he waa young.
Line 18. — maudire — Tbis verb différa in conjugntion from tbe othor compounds of dire, Sce D. F. 301.
Line 19, — de faire pa>4iier dnnx — To instill into — to impart to.
Line 21. — ma di|çne rpouve — A wifo wortby of me.
Line 23. — perspective — Prospect.
Line 29. — ne ae dément pan — Doea not belio itseli— does not falter.
Line 35. — 4* » P« être He migbt bave bt«n.
Paoe 43.
Line 8. — quoi qu'ii &c. — Wbatever it may cost me — quoi que r^ qoires the subjunctive. DistingiiiHh quoi que and quoique. In D. F. 570, tbe commaH l><>t\vff'n qu% aud que, aud betwoon quoi and que, sbould be omittiMi.
Lio* 4.— «not—Saying.
'* Kugène — Prince Eugène, a Frenchman by birth, who, in
conséquence of tbe cruel trcatnicnt of bi» mother by Louis XIV., renounced hiH country, and took nenrio* with the Emperor. He soon beconie commander- in* chief, and diKtinguirthod him«rlf in niany wan«, rbi- :' , againat tbe Turks ; and in ronjun(-tii>n uitb \Ia:\ borougb, againut tlie French at Blcubeim, Oud«aani«, and MjUplaqnet Ue di»d in 1736.
Line 5. — »»'» point envie &o. — Has no désire to act — i.e., he calls a council of war so that he may be advised not to act boldly, and may thus hâve an excuse for not doing so.
Line 7. — d'engager isia responsabilité — To assume the responsibility.
Line 8. — la plus terrible — The most terrible (reeponsibility).
Line 10. — -je dois le dire — I must say.
Line 12. — rémunérateur — Eecompensing.
Line 19. — puisse — When a wish or prayor is expressed, the présent subjunctiTe is used without a conjunction.
Line 27.— jours—Life.
Line 30. — non déguisée — Unconcealed.
Line 33.— amer— r is sounded in this word. See Note, p. 3, 1. 18.
Line 36. — de tes nouvelles — News of you — Tu is the pronoun of affection.
Page 44.
Line 2. — âge — ^Youth. In Old French written aage : hence the
circumflex.
Line 3.— S«ic*ietier— Turnkey — from guichet, door. Line 6. — traduits — Summoned — ^During the Eeign of Terrer, it
vrsA considered a matter of course that ail persons
brought to trial should be condenined and sent to the
guillotine.
Line 7. — dont il faisait <fcc. — With whom he associated most in-
timately — i.e. , in the prison.
Line 8. — tour — Masculine, <îtrw ; féminine, iot^^er. Line 10. — plws qu'il n'eût — ne is used without pas, after que when
it is preceded by a comparative.
Line 13.— "« cbangea point de visage Did not change counten-
ance.
Line 17. — demeurée — Who remained — féminine, to agrée with the
noun personne ; when personne means " no one," it is
masculine.
Line 21. — on mourait ainsi &G. — It was thus that men died in
those days.
Line 26. — on dit— It is said.
Page 45.
Line 2. — préconnisé — ^Extolled.
Line 4.— eût été saisie— See Note, p. 9, 1. 19. Line 6. — ferait école — Would be taught— would be a fundamental doctrine.
Une 11.— lai nuMl- See Note, p. 33, 1. 7 (6).
Line 12.— Intarl«able«— laexhaustible.
Line 24.—"" Mipplice— The {^uillolme— inyented by Dr. OuilloUn, from whom it takt,'!* iii namc. See Carlyle'a Fr Rev Vol. I. Book IV. Chap. IV.
Line ?8. — dévoriintea — Destructive.
Line 29.— «létemvlr»— Tho Dri-einviri in Roman history wer© t0n men appointed to draw up a code of laws. The year for which they wero appointed having ended before their labors were finiHlicd, a new body of Decemvir» was appointed. In their mafjisterial capacity they acted wiUi such t3n"annical cruclty that th© name haa become a synonym for outrageons and iniolent tyrants. '• ont proniciiu Sec. — Translate freely— The murderon*
Bword of the Dt ccmvirs fell.
Line 30.— U» l'ont dirigé <fec.— Tuoy preferred to direct it.
Line 36.— on taxait à l'avance &c.— A requi-^ition wa« made beforehaud on each prison for a certain uumber of victinw — i.e., it was settled beforehand how many victima for the guillotine each prison shoulJ faruish.
Ijinedl. — ^0 sang était mi» en réqniMltlon — A levy waa made of blood. — As when a levy of «oldiors waa made, each district must furuish a certain number; so, at thi» time, each prison had to supply ao much bleod, i.e., to many livos. ,
Line 39.— déchirant — Di;tracting.
Line 41. — faisaient Jailler—Evoked—literally, caused to iprin^ up.
Page 46.
Line 2. — torrori«te»i— The Reign of Terror— La Terreur — lait«d about fotirteen month^, beginning with the fall of tho Girondins, Juno 17.^3, and ending with the deaib of Robespierre, July 23, 1794. The loadem of the CoDTttntion duriug this period were called " terrorùtM."
Line 3.— "pog^^- Hei:,'ht
Line 6. — 1« loi *•« praIrlal A degree wrung from the ConT«ation by which tho Revolutionary Tribunal waa Mt frM frora ail checks, and " moral conviition " waa made BuflBcient proof of crime.
Line 15.— triumvirat — Triumvirate- an ai«ii<ioialion of thr^o men.
Line 17. — assouvi— Satiatod.
Line 19.— «l^^«n»"^« — Anticipated.
Line 22. — 1<** pins oompromia — Who were mo«t expoMd k> d*nf«r
Line 26. — acolyte»— Followers— partisans.
Line 27. — 9 thermidor—For an acconnt of the fall of Robespiorro and the Terrorists, consult a history of the Révolution. Line 29. — ait eu — Suhjunctive, depending on pensé. Line 36. — à nous brûler Ssc. — To blow ont our braina, Line 38. — la toute-puissance — The suprême power.
Page 47.
Line 2. — ^a veille — The eve — from Latin vigil.
" en permanence — A permanent institution,
Line 3. — ^fosictionnait, — Was doing its work. Line 12. — savant — Skilful.
Line 13.— on dressait &c.— The scafEold was being prepared Line 16.— eussent— See Note, p. 9, 1. 19. Line 21. — retentit — ^Resounded.
Line 24. — garrottes — Bound.
Line 25. — affidés — ^Adhérents.
Line 28.— se vengea- See page 39, 1. 14.
Line 31. — enraye — Checked — Enrayer is to put the drag on the
wheel of a carriage going down hilL Line 33. — soulevé — Which had risen.
Line 35. — dont la Convention — ^Whom the Conyentioi^ordered to
be set at liberty.
Line 37. — caution — Guarantee — responsibility, Line 39, — le fit relaclier— .procured bis release.
Page 48.
Line 1. — à ce point &c. — To such aji extent that it was imposiible
for him to pay his fare, and go by coach. Line 4.— se peint— Is depicted.
Line 12.— d'étoofTer— To quell.
Line 13.— chouans— See next Chapter, Note p. 61, L 2(X Line 14. — à rananimité — ^U^animously.
