DES GARANTIES

2490. Les garanties et conditions font partie du contrat ; elles doivent être vraies si elles sont affirmatives, et elles doivent être exécutées si elles sont promissoires ; autrement le contrat peut être annulé nonobstant la bonne foi de l’assuré.

Elles sont ou expresses on implicites.

3 Kent, 288.— 1 Phillips, 117 et 127, ec. 8 et ,.— 1 Arnould, 625, 4 223 ; G89, c. 4— 1 Bell, Com., 529 et 530, n° 1.

Jurisp.—1. Under the clause or condition in policies of insurance, that in case of any dispute between the parties, it shall be referred to arbitration, the Courts are not ousted of their jurisdiction, nor can they compel the parties to submit to a reference in the progress of the suit.— Scott vs Phœnix Ass, Co., Stuart’s Rep., 152. |

9, If a condition, referred to in a policy of insurance against fire, requires in the event of loss, and before payment thereof, a certificate to be procured under the hand of a magistrate or sworn notary of the city or district, impsrting that they are acquainted with the character and circumstances of the persons insured, and do know or verily believe that they have really and by misfortune without fraud, sustained by fire loss and damage to the amount therein mentioned, such certificate is a condition precedent to a recovery of any loss, against the insurers, on the policy. And if a certificate be procured, in which a knowledge and belief as to the amount of loss is omitted, it will be insuflicient.— Scott & Phaœnix Ass, Co., Stuart’s Rep., 354.

5. Le délai porté dans les règlements d’une compagnie d'assurance, de notifier et déclarer l'incendie et ses circonstances à la compagnie, n’est pas, dans toutes les circonstances, un terme fatal et tellement de rigueur, que faute de remplir à la minute cette condition, l'assuré doive perdre pour toujours tout recours. — Dill vs La Cie d’Ass. de Québec, I R, de L.,, 113.

4 Policies of insurance are to be construed by the same rules as other instruments; therefore, where there is an express Warranty, there is no room for implication of any kind.— Scott vs Quebec Fire Ins, Co., ITR, de L,, 125.

5, In the case of a policy of insurance granting permission, in the body thereof, to insure elsewhere on giving notice to that end to the directors of the company, in order that the second insurance might be endorsed on the policy, and requiring by the by-laws of the company printed on the back of the policy, that such notice be given and such second insurance endorsed on the poliey, à peine de nullité ; —Held that a notice of such second insurance given after the fire, and as a consequence, not endorsed on the policy, is sufficient.— Soupras vs The Mutual Fire Ins. Co. &e., I EL, C, J,, 197.

6. La perte sous une police d'assurance stipulant : “ Que la perte ou les dommages seront estimés d’après la vraie valeur des effets assurés lors de telle perte,” doit être constatée par preuve de la valeur en argent de l’objet assuré sur les marchés.— Les mots suivants écrits sur la police d'assurance : “du vapeur Malakoff étant au bassin Tate, Montréal, et destiné à naviguer sur le St-Laurent et les lacs de Hamilton à Québec, principalement comme bateau à fret, et qui sera mis en hivernement dans un endroit qui sera approuvé par la compagnie, laquelle ne sera pas responsable pour explosion par la vapeur ou par la foudre,” constituent une garantie et non une représentation.— L'assuré ne s'étant pas conformé à cette garantie, la police est nulle, et une action pour la perte sera renvoyée sur motion, non obstante veredicto.— Grant vs The Ætna Insurance Co., XIL CR, 198.— Ce jugt a été confirmé en appel (V L. C. J., 285); mais renversé par le Cons. Privé qui a jugé:

7. Que si les mots contenus dans une police d'assurance sur un navire comportent une convention que le vaisseau naviguera, alors ces paroles doivent être considérées comme une garantie ; et la convention n'ayant pas été accomplie, qu’elle soit importante ou non, les assureurs sont déchargés ;—Que dans la présente cause les paroles contenues à la police ne comportent pas une convention ou obliga-

tion de naviguer, mais indiquent seulement une intention, et conséquemment ne peuvent pas être interprétées comme exprimant une garantie.— Grant & Tho Ætna Ins. Co., VI L.-C, J., 224,

8, The condition of a pohcy imposing the penalty of a forfeiture of all remedy upon it, in the event of any fraudulent overcharge, is not comminatory, but will be carried ont, if such overcharge be proved.— Thomas vs Times and Beacon Ins. Co. III L. C. J., 162.

9, An endorsement on a policy issued under the provisions of act 4 William IV, c. 38, consenting to the removal of the goods insured from the building described in the policy to another building, and signed by the secretary alone, is binding on the company.— Chalmers & Mutual Fire Ins. Co., III L,'C, J., 2!

10, Dans l'espèce, il y avait garantie expresse que le bateau à vapeur assuré sorait employé à naviguer, et les assureurs n'étaient pas tenus des dommages causés par l'incendie du bateau, pendant qu’il était dans un bassin.— Grant v5 The Equitable Fire Insurance Co., XIV L, C. R., 493.

i1. If the words used in a policy of insurance upon a vessel, imported an agreement that the vessel shall navigate, then they must be considered as a warranty, and the engagement not having been performed, whether material or immaterial, the insurers are discharged, In the present case, the words used contained no contract to navigate, but merely indicated an intention, and there. for did not amount to a warranty.— Grant & Ætna Ins, Co., VI L,. C. J., 224,

12. The furnishing of a certificate, as required by the condition of a policy of insurance, of three respectable persons that they believed that the loss had not occurred by fraud, is a condition precedent, without compliance with which the assured: cannot recover.— Racine vs Equitable Ins. Co., VI L,. C. J., 89.

13. In an action on a policy of insurance against fire, entered into by the appelants as the insurers, and the respondents as the insured, in respect of a steam vessel, described as plying between Quebec and the upper Lakes, it appeared that a form of policy had been used which was properly applicable to

insurance of houses or buildings ; and amongst other conditions endorsed on the policy was one, “ that if more than 20 1bs. weight of gunpowder should be on the premises at the time when any loss happened, such loss should not be made good.” The ship was destroyed by fire during the continuance of the policy,

It was usual for these steamers to carry gunpowder as freight ; and at the time the vessel was destroyed there was 100 Ibs. weight of gunpowder on board :— Held that the word “premises,” though in popular language applied to buildings, yet in legal language meant the subject or thing previously expressed ; and that the question being, not what was the intention of the parties, but what is tho meaning of the words they have used, the resonable construction of the contract was that the vessel should not carry moro than 20 1bs. weight of gunpowder, — The Beacon F, & L. Ins. Co. vs Gibb, VIL LE, C, J., 57.

14, La maxime: contra non valentem agere non currit præscriptio, ne s'applique pas à la prescription d’un an stipulée dans une police d’assurance.— Browning & The Provincial Assurance Co., I R. C., 236.

15. Where the plaintiffs effected insurance on premises described as being occupied by them as a bonded warehouse, and by other tenants as offices, an subsequently sub-let part of the premises to a common warehouseman to be use for storage of goods, and also effected additional insurance upon the property insured, without giving notice of either fact to the insurers, as required by the conditions endorsed on the back of the policy,—Held that there was breach of warranty on the part of the insured and the policy was void and of no effect.— Chapman vs The Lancashire Ins. Co., XIII L, C. J., 36,

16. The condition endorsed on a policy of insurance, to the effect that no suit or action shall be sustainable for the recovery of any claim underth: policy, unless commenced within the term of 12 months next after the loss shall have occurred, is a complete bar to any such suit or action instituted after the lapso of that torm.— Cornell & The Liverpool &c. Ins. Co., XIV EL, C. J., 256.

17. Where a party is insured by an interim receipt of an agent, which declares that the insurance is subject “to the conditions of the company’s policies,” a failure to comply with a condition as to preliminary proofs of loss, and the bringing of the action for the loss before the expiration of the delay specified in another condition, endorsed on the policies usually issned by the company, are fatal, and the party cannot recover the amount of his alleged loss.— Goodwin & Lancashire Fire and Life Ins, Co., XVI L, C, J., 298.

18. Where a ship policy contained a provision that the ship should not be

ntion, et conséquemment garantie.— Grant & Tho

a forfeiture of all remedy ot comminatory, but will as vs Times and Beacon

visions of act 4 William sured from the building | by the secretary alone, e Ins. Co., III L, C, J., 2, e bateau à vapeur assuré pas tenus des dommages ns un bassin.— Grant vs

n a vessel, imported an must be considered as a >rmed, whether material sent case, the words used | an intention, and there.

, Co., VI L,. C. J., 224, > condition of a policy of ved that the loss had not mpliance with which the VI L, C. J., 89.

Âre, entered into by the insured, in respect of a and the upper Lakes, it as properly applicable to nditions endorsed on the gunpowder should be on loss should not be made ntinuance of the policy.

freight; and at the time gunpowder on board :— iage applied to buildings, usly expressed ; and that o parties, but what is the construction of the conlbs. weight of gunpowder.

præscriplio, ne s'applique d’assurance.— Browning

ises described as being br tenants as offices, and varehouseman to be used ance upon the property irers, as required by the hat there was breach of s void and of no eflect.—

to the effect that no suit claim under th: policy, after the loss shall have instituted after the lapso V L. C. J., 256.

an agent, which declares e company’s policies,” a proofs of loss, and the of the delay specified in ed by the company, are lleged loss.— Goodwin &

the ship should not be

within the gulf of St. Lawrence within a prescribed period, and the ship went into the gulf within the prohibited time and was wrecked ; and notice was given of an abandonment, and was accepted by the insurers; it was contended by them that the ship was not insured when she was lost, as the insurance did not extend to a loss in the gulf within the prohibited time, and that an abandonment ean be of no avail where there is no insurance. However, it was held that the vessel was in fact insured, and that the loss occurred during the time and upon a voyage described in the policy, but there was breach of one of the warrantios ; and if, after a constructive total loss and notice of abandonment, the insurers

with full knowledge of all the facts, accept the notice, they cannot, when called on to pay the amount insured, resile and rely on a breach of warranty. By the voluntary acceptance of the notice of abandonment, an agreement is entered into vies closes the whole matter.— Provincial Insurance Co. & Leduc, XIX L. C. J., 281,

19. Placer dans les bâtisses assurées une machine à gazoline, d’une nature dangereuse, sans le consentement de l'assureur, est une violation de la police.— Matthews vs The Northern Ins. Co. III R. L,, 450.

90. Although the ambiguous terms of a written instrument may be explained by parol evidence of a usage, they cannot be explained by M evidence of a conversation which took place when the contract was made.— Connolly vs Provincial Ins. Co., III Q. L. R., 6,

91, Dans le cas d’une assurance effectuée sur reçu (short risk receipt) et sans police, l'avis d’une seconde assurance donné après le feu seulement, mais en temps utile pour que les deux assurances contribuènt aux dommages, est suftisant. Dans le cas de telle assurance les conditions spéciales contenues aux polices ordinairement émanées ne s'appliquent pas.— Lafleur & l'Assurance des Citoyens, XXIII L. C. J., 247.

29, The non-disclosure of a previous policy, made a condition of a policy insurance, can be waived by transactions and special circumstances.— Lancashire Ins, Co. & Chapman, VII R. L,, 47. (Cons. P.)

2491. Une garantie expresse est une stipulation ou condition exprimée dans la police, ou qui y est énoncée comme en faisant partie. ne

Les garanties implicites sont définies dans les chapitres suivants relatifs aux différentes espèces d'assurance.

Marshall, 353.— 3 Kent, 287 à 290.— 1 Arnould, c. 3, pp. 625, 629, 630 et 689.— 1 Phillips, 112, 124 et 127.