livre, m., book
livrer, to deliver, betray, give up.
livrer (se), to deliver oneself up,
surrender, be fought (of bat-
tles).
livret, m., Utile book.
locomotive,/, locomotive.
logement, m.t lodging, apart-
ment.
loger, to lodge.
loi,/., law.
loin, far; tout au — , very far;
plus — , f urther ; de — , au — ,
in the distance, from afar; —
de, far from.
lointain, m., distance; dans le
" — , in the distance, loisir, m., leisure.
long, m., length ; tout le — , ail
along.
long -ue, long.
longer, to run along.
longtemps, long, a long time;
assez — , quite a while.
longuement, at length, long, a
long time.
longueur,/, length.
longue-vue, /., spy-glass, small
télescope.
Lorrain -e, an inhabitant of
Lorraine.
VOCABULARY
Lorraine,/., Lorraine.
lors, then.
lorsque, when.
louange,/., praise.
louer, to rent.
Louis, 7/2., Lewis.
loup, m-., wolf.
lourd -e, heavy.
lourdement, heavily.
loyalement, loyally, faithfully.
lucarne,/., garret-window.
lueur,/, light, glimmer.
lugubre, gloomy, mournful, lu-
gubrious.
lui, him, to him, of him, he, her,
to her; chez — , to his house.
lui-même, himself. lumière,/, light.
lumineu-x -se, luminous, bright.
lune, /., moon ; clair de — ,
moonlight.
lunettes, f.plur., spectacles.
Lutèce, /., the former name of
Paris, lutte,/, struggle, fight.
lutter, to struggle, fight.
lycée, m., collège, lyceum.
Lyon, m., Lyons.
machine, /., machine, engine,
machinery ; — à vapeur,
steam engine.
madame,/, Madam, Mrs.
magasin, m., store, powder
magazine.
magnifique, magnificent.
main,/, hand; battre des — s,
to clap one's hands.
maintenant, now.
maintenir, to maintain.
maintenir (se), to hold back,
hold out.
maire, m.> mayor.
mairie,/, city hall.
mais, but.
maison, /., house; — de campagne, country-house, country-seat.
maître, m., master.
majesté,/, majesty.
mal, badly.
mal, m., harm, pain ; se donner du — , to take pains ; n'avoir pas de — , not to be hurt; faire du — , to hurt.
malade, m./., patient, sick person.
malade, iil, sick.
maladie,/, disease, malady.
mâle, manly.
malgré, in spite of.
malheur, m., misfortune, catastrophe; par — , unfortunate-
malheureusement, unhappily, unfortunately.
malheureu-x -se, unhappy, unfortunate.
malle,/, trunk.
malsain -e, unhealthy.
maman,/, mamma.
manger, to eat.
manier, to handle, work.
manquer, to be wanting, lack.
manœuvre, /., handling, working (of ships).
mansarde,/, garret.
manteau, m., cloak, overcoat.
manufacture,/, manufactory.
manuscrit -e, manuscript.
marchand -e, merchant.
marchandise, /., merchandise, goods.
marche,/, march, walk, marching, travelling; se mettre en — , to start out ; en — , in motion.
marché, m., market, bargain, market-place ; bon — , cheap, cheaply, cheapness.
marcher, to walk, march, go, ride, progress, sail.
maréchal, m., marshal.
VOCABULARY
mari, #/., husband.
Marie,/., Marie, Mary.
marin, m., sailor.
marine, /., navy; charpentier
de — , boat carpenter.
marinier, m., mariner.
maritime, maritime, naval.
marmite,/., kettle.
marquer, to write down, mark.
Marseille,/, Marseilles.
marteau, m., hammer.
marteau-pilon, m., trip-hammer.
masque, m., mask.
massacre, m., massacre.
massacrer, to massacre, slaughter.
masse,/, mass, block.
mât, m., mast.
matelas, m., mattress.
matelot, m., sailor.
maternel -le, motherly.
mathémathiques, f.plur., mathematics.
matin, m., morning; de bon — , de grand — , early in the morning; tous les — s, every morning.
matinal -e, early.
mauvais -e, bad, poor, rough (of the sea).
maxime,/, maxim.
mécanique, /., machinery, mechanics.
médecin, m., physician.
médecine,/, medicine.
méditer, to think over, meditate.
Méditerranée,/, Mediterranean.
méfier (se), to distrust.
meilleur -e, better; le — , the best.
mêlée,/, battle, melee.
mêler, to mix, mingle.
mêler (se), to be mingled, mixed.
membre, m.> member.
même, same, very, even, self, itself; tout de — , just the same, however,
mémoire,/, memory.
menace,/, threat.
menacer, to threaten.
ménagère,/, housewife, house-
keeper.
mener, to lead, conduct, take.
mépris, m., contempt, scorm mer, /., sea; pleine — , open
sea; bain de — , sea bath.
merci, thanks ; Dieu — , thanks
God.
mère,/, mother. merveille, /., marvel; à — ,
wonderfully well.
merveilleusement, marvellous-
iy-
merveilleu-x -se, marvellous.
messag-er -ère, messenger, carrier; pigeon — , carrier-pigeon.
mesure,/, measure; à — que, in proportion as.
mesurer, to measure.
métallique, metallic; treillis — , wire netting.
métier, m., trade, loom, business.
mètre, »&., mètre (a little over a yard).
métropolitain -e, metropolitan.
mets, m., dish.
mettre, to put, put on (of clothing), put in, take.
mettre (se), to begin, set to, put oneself.
meuble, m., pièce of furniture.
meurtri -e, bruised, contused.
Michel, m., Michael.
microscope, m., microscope.
midi, m., midday, noon, South.
miel, m., honey.
mieux, better; de — en — , better and better; de son — , to his best.
milieu, m., middle; au beau — , in the very middle.
militaire, military.
mille, thousand. [lions.
milliard, m., one thousand mil-
VOCABULARY
millier, m., thousand.
million, m., million.
mince, slender, small.
mine, /., appearance, mien,
mine.
minerai, m., ore.
minéral -e, minerai.
mineur, m., miner.
ministre, m., minister.
minute,/., minute.
minutieu-x -se, minute.
miroiter, to shine, reflect the . light.
misère, /., misery, misfortune,
poverty.
mission,/., mission.
mistral, m., North-West wind. Mme. = Madame, mobilier, ;/z., furniture, set of
furniture.
modèle, m., model.
modeste, modest, unassuming.
modestie,/, modesty.
modique, small, moderate.
moi, me, to me, I; chez — , at
my house.
moi-même, myself.
moins, less ; du — , au — , at least ;
de — , tbo little.
mois, m., month.
moitié,/, half.
moment, m., moment, time;
au — même, at the very time,
moment.
mon, ma, mes, my.
monde, m., world, people; tout
le — , everybody.
monotone, monotonous.
Monseigneur, m., Mylord.
Monsieur, m., Mr., Sir.
mont, m., mount.
montagne,/, mountain.
montagneu-x -se, mountainous,
hilly.
montant -e, rising, ascending.
monter, to ascend, go up hill, go
up.
montre,/, watch,
montrer, to show, point out.
montrer (se), to show oneself, appear.
montueu-x -se, hilly, mountainous.
monument, m., monument, building, édifice.
moquer (se), to laugh at.
morceau, m., pièce, fragment.
moribond -e, dying person.
mort, /., death ; à — , fataliy.
mort -e, dead.
morue,/, cod.
mot, m., word.
motif, m., motive, reason.
mouchoir, m., handkerchief.
mouillé -e, wet.
mouiller, to wet.
moule, m., mold.
moulin, m., mill.
mourir, to die.
mouton, m., sheep.
mouvement, m., move, manœuvre, movement, motion, activity, bustle; mettre en — , to move, put in motion; se mettre en — , to run.
moyen, ?/z., means, possibility; au — de, by means of.
mugir, to roar.
mulet, m., mule.
multitude,/, multitude.
munir, to provide, provide with.
munitions, /. plur., ammunition.
mur, m., wall.
mûr -e, ripe.
muraille,/, wall.
mûrir, to ripen.
murmurer, to murmur.
museau, m., nose (of animais).
musée, m,, muséum, art gallery.
musique,/, mnsic.
musulman -e, Mussulman.
mutilé -e, mutilated.
myrte, m.} myrtle.
VOCABULARY
naissance,/., birth.
naître, to be born.
naïvement, naively, candidly.
naïveté, /., simplicity, artless-
ness.
Napoléon, Napoléon.
nappe,/., sheet (of water).
naquit, see naître, natal -e, native.
nation,/., nation.
national -e, national.
nature, /., nature.
naturel -le, natural.
naufrage, m., shipwreck.
naufragé -e, shipwrecked per-
son.
naval -e, naval, navette,/, shuttle, rape-seed.
navigateur, m., navigator.' navigation,/, navigation.
naviguer, to navigate, sail.
navire, m., ship, vessel; — de
commerce, merchantman ; —
à vapeur, steamship.
ne . . . pas, no, not ; — ... que,
only.
né -e, see naître, néanmoins, nevertheless.
nécessaire, necessary.
nécessité,/., necessity.
négliger, to neglect.
nègre, m., negro.
neige, /., snow.
nerveu-x -se, nervous.
net -te, neat, clean.
neuf, nine.
neu-f -ve, new; tout — , brand-
new.
neveu, m.> nephew. ni . . . ni, neither . . . nor.
noble, noble.
noblement, nobly.
nocturne, nocturnal, of thenight.
noir -e, dark, black.
noirâtre, blackish.
noircir, to blacken.
noix,/, nut.
nom, m., name.
nombre, m., number.
nombreu-x -se, numerous.
nommer, to name, call, appoint,
make.
nommer (se), to be called.
non, no, not.
nord, m., North.
nord-ouest, North-West.
normal -e, normal.
normand -e, of Normandy.
Normandie,/, Normandy.
notable, »/., notable, leading
man.
notre, nos, our.
nôtre, le, la; nôtres, les, ours.
Notre-Dame,/, Our Lady.
nourrir, to feed.
nourriture,/, board, food, feed.
nous, we, us, to us; chez — , at
home, in our country.
nouveau, nouvel -le, new ; de — ,
anew, again ; du — , something
new.
nouvelle,/, news.
noyer, m., walnut-tree.
nu -e, bare; pieds -s, bare-
footed. nuage, m., cloud.
nuageu-x -se, cloudy.
nuire, to harm, préjudice, hurt.
nuit, /., right.
nul -le, no, not any.
obéir, to obey.
objection,/, objection.
Objet, m., object, article.
obligeant -e, obliging.
Obliger, to oblige, compel, de-
mand.
obscur -e, dark, obscure.
obscurcir (s'), to grow dark.
Obscurité, /., darkness, obscu-
rity.
VOCABULARY
observat-eur -rice, observing.
observer, to observe, watch,
notice.
Obtenir, to obtain, get.
occasion,/., chance, occasion.
occupation,/., work, occupation.
occupé -e, busy.
occuper, to give employment,
occupy.
occuper (s'), to mind, pay attention.
océan, m., océan.
Océanie,/., Oceania.
octobre, m., October.
odeur,/., odor.
odieu-x -se, odious, hateful. odorant -e, fragrant, odorifer-
ous.
œil, m. y eye; coup d' — , glance;
en un clin &'— , in the twin-
kling of an eye.
œillette,/, field-poppy.
œuf, m., egg.
œuvre,/, work.
officier, m., officer.
offre,/, offer.
offrir, to offer, présent.
offrir (s'), to offer oneself.
Oh ! O ! ho !
oignon, m., onion.
oiseau, m.y bird.
olivier, m., olive-tree.
ombrage,/., shade.
ombrager, to shade.
ombre,/, shade, shadow.
omelette,/, omlet.
omnibus, m., omnibus.
on, one, people, they.
oncle, m.y uncle.
onduler, to wind, roll (of
ground).
onze, eleven.
onzième, eleventh.
Opposer, to oppose, compare.
Optique,/, optics.
or, ;//., gold; d' — , golden, orage, m., storm; d' — , stormy.
Oranger, m., orange-tree.
ordinaire, ordinary; d'— , usu-
ally ; comme àJ — , as usually.
ordonner, to order, command.
ordre, m., order, rank.
oreille, /., ear; prêter V — , to
listen carefully ; boucles d; — ,
ear-rings.
organiser, to organize.
orgue, m., organ.
Orient, m., Orient, East.
Orléanais, m., the country
around Orléans.
ornemental -e, ornamental.
ornementation, /., ornamenta-
tion.
orner, to adorn.
orphelin -e, orphan.
oser, to dare.
osier, m., willow.
OÙ, where, when; d' — , from
where, whence.
OU, or.
oublier, to forget.
ouest, m., West, oui, yes.
outil, m., tool.
outrage, ?n., outrage, ouvert, see ouvrir, ouvrage, m., work.
ouvri-er -ère, working-man,
working-woman, working.
ouvrir, to open.
ouvrir (s*), to be opened, open
oneself, open.
paille,/, straw.
paiement, m., payment, salary.
pain, m., bread, loaf of bread.
paître, to graze.
paix,/, peace. [court-house.
palais, m., palace; — de justice,
pâle, pale.
palmier, m., palm-tree.
panier, m,, basket.
panorama, m., panorama.
VOCABULARY
panser, to dress (of wounds),
treat.
pantalon, 77t., trousers, panta-
loons.
panthère,/., panther.
pantoufle,/., slipper.
papa, m., papa.
pape, m., pope, papeterie,/., paper-mill.
papier, m., paper.
paquebot, m., steamer.
paquet, m., package, bundle.
par, by, on, through, over, in,
for.
paradis, m., paradise, heaven.
paraître, to look, seern, appear;
faire — , to publish, write.
parapluie, m., umbrella.
parasol, m., parasol.
parbleu, well, why, indeed.
parc, m., park. parce que, because.
parcourir, to go through, run
over, glance over, look over,
go over.
par-dessus, over.
pardonner, to pardon, forgive.
pareil -le, like, such, similar,
alike, equal; tout — , just the
same.
parent -e, relative ; — s, parents.
parer (se), to adorn oneself.
paresseu-x -se, lazy person,
idler.
parfait -e, perfect.
parfois, sometimes.
parier, to bet, wager.
parlementaire, m., bearer of a
flag of truce, parliamentary.
parler, to speak.
parmi, among, in the midst of.
parole, /., word ; adresser la —
à, to speak to; tenir — , to
keep one's word.
part, /., part, share ; de toutes
— s, on ail sides ; faire — , to
share; à — , aside; d'autre
— , on the other h and.
partagé -e, endowed.
partager, to share.
parti, m.t décision, profit, advantage.
