I. -— Grande-Bretagne
a) Proclamation concernant Tobservation de la neutralité, du 19 juillet 1870. (Voir Hertslet, Coll. XIII, p. -458 et s.)
Cette proclamation a été remplacée par une autre, qui porte la date du 9 août 1870, et qui est reproduite sous le litt. c.
h) Circulaire du département des aifaires étrangères, concernant la conduite des navires de guerre des puissances belligérantes dans les eaux soumises à la souveraineté territoriale de la couronne de Grande-Bretagne, du 19 juillet 1870. (Hertslet, Coll. XIII, p. 462 et s.)
Forcign Office, July IQ»»» i8*i0.
My Lords, Her Majesty being fully determined to observe the duties of neutrality during the existing state of warbetween the Emperor of the French and the King of Prussia, and being moreover resol-
ved io prerent, as far as possible, the use of Her Majesty's harboarSy ports and coasts^ and the waters within Her Majesty's territorial Jarisdiction, in aid of the warlike purposes of either belligerent, bas commanded me to communicate to your Lordships, for your guidano^ the following rules^ which are to be treated and enforced as Her Majesty's orders and directions :
Her Majesty is pleased further to command that thèse rules shall be put in force in the United Kingdom, and in the Channel Islands, on and after the 26'^ of July instant^ and in Her Majesty's territories and possessions beyond the seas^ 6 days after the day when the Governor, or other chief authority, of each of such territories or possessions respectivcly^ shall hâve notifled and published the same ;' stating in such notification that the said rules are to be obeyed'by ail persons within the same terri tories and possessions.
1) During the continuance of the présent state of war, ail ships of war of either belligerent are prohibited from making use of any port or roadstead in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or in the Channel Islands, or in any of Her Majesty's colonies or foreign possessions or dependencies, or of any waters subject to the territorial jurisdiction of the British Crown, as a station or place of Tesort, for any warlike purpose, or for the purptse of obtaining any facilities of warlike equipment ; and no ship of war of either belligerent shall hereafter be permitted to sail out of, or leave any port, roadstead or waters subject to British jurisdiction, ft*om which any vessel of the other belligerent (whether the same shall be a ship of war or a merchant ship) shall hâve previously departed, until after the expiration of^ at least, 24 hours from the departure of such last — mentioned vessel beyond the territorial jurisdiction of Her Majesty.
2) If any ship of war of either belligerent shall, after the time when this order shall be ârst notifled and put in force in the United Kingdom, and in the Channel Islands, and in the Several Colonies and foreign possessions and dependencies of the Her Majesty respectively, enter any port, roadstead, or waters belonging to Her Majesty, either in the United Kingdom or in the Channel Islands, or in any of Her Majesty's Colonies or foreign possessions or dependencies, such vessel shall be required to
APFBNDICE. 407
départ and to put to sea within 24 hours after her entrance into such port, roadstead or waters, except in case of stress of weather^ or of her requirin g provisions or things necessary for the subsistence of her crew, or repairs; in either of which cases the authorities of the port, or of the nearest port (as the case may be), shall require her to put to sea as soon as possible after the expiration of such period of 24 hours, without permitting her to takè in supplies beyond what may be necessary for her immédiate use; and no such vessel which may hâve been allowed to remain within British waters for the purpose of repair shall continue in any such port, roadstead, or waters, for a longer period than 24 hours afber her necessary repairs shall hâve been completed. Provided, nevertheless, that in ail cases m which theré shall be any vessel (whether ships of war or merchant ships) of the said belligerent parties in the same port, roadstead or waters within the territorial jurisdiction of Her Majesty, there shall be an interval of not less than 24 hours between^the depar** ture therefrom of any such vessel (whether ships of war or mer chant ships), of the one belligerent, and the subséquent departure therefrom of any sfiip of war of the other belligerent; and the time hereby limited for the departure of such ships of w<u* respectively shall always, in case of necessity, be extended so far as may be requisite for giving effect to this proviso, but no fufther or otherwise.
3) No ship of war of either belligerent shall hereafter be permitted, while in any port, roadstead or waters subject to the territorial jurisdiction of Her Majesty, to take in any supplies, except provisions and such other things as may be requisite for the subsistence of her crew, and except so much coal only as may be sufficient to carry such* vessel to the nearest port of her own country, or to some nearer destination and no coal shall again be supplied to any such ship of war in the same or any other port, roadstead or waters subject to the territorial jurisdiction of Her Majesty, without spécial permission, until after the expiration of 3 months from the time when such coal may hâve been last supplied to her within British waters as afore said.
4) Armed ships of either party are interdicted from oarryiaf prises made by them into the ports, harbours, roadstead, or waters of the United Kingdom, or any of Her Mi^esty's coloniai or possessions abroad. I hâve, etc. (t) Granvillt.
c) Proclamaiion concernant Vobservation de la neutralité. (Hertslct^ Coll. XIII, p. 464 et s.)
VicTOBiA R. » Whereas we are happily at peace with ail Sovereigns, Powers and States :
And whereasy notwitfastanding our utmost exertions to presenre peace between ail Sovereign Powers and States, a state of war unhappily exists between His Impérial Majesty the Ëmperor of the French, and His M^esty the King of Prassia, and between their respective subjects and others inhabiting within their countries, territories or dominions :
And whereas we are on terms of freindship and amicable f ntercousee with each of thèse Sovereignsandwith their Several subjects and others inhabiting within their countries, territories, or dominions :
And whereas great numbers of our loyal subjects réside and carry on commerce, and possess property and establishments, and enjoy varions rights and privilèges, within the dominions of each of the aforesaid Sovereigns, protected by the fâith of Treaties between us and each of the aforesaid Sovereigns :
And whereas we, being désirons of preserving to our subjects the blessings of peace, which they now happily erijoy, are firmly purposed and determined to abstain altogether fl*om taking any part, directly or indirectly, in the war now unhappily existing between the said Sovereigns, their subjects and territories, and to remain at peace with and to maintain a peaceful and friendly intercourse with each of them, and ther respective subjects, and others inhabiting within any of their respective countries, territorie sand dominions, and to maintain a strict and impartial neutrality in the said state of war unhappily exisMng between them :
We, therefore, hâve thought fit, by and with the advice of our Privy Council, to issue this our Royal Proclamation :
And we do hereby strlctly charge and command ail our loving subjects to govern themselves accordiugly and to observe a strict neutrality in and during the aforesaid war, and abstain (ï*om violating or contravening either the laws and statutes of the realm in this behalf, or the law of nations in relation thereto» as they will answer to the cpnirary at their péril :
And whereas in and by a certain statute made and passed in tlie présent year of Her Majesty, intituled « An Act to regulato the conduct of Her Majesty's subjects during tbe existence of liostiiities between foreign States with which Her Majesty is at peace, » it is, amongst other things, deciared and enacted as follows.
ILLEGAL EKLISTMENT.
« If any person, without the licence of Her Majesty, being a British subject^ whithin or without Her Majesty's dominions, ac* cepts or agrées to accept any commission or engagement in the military, or naval service of any foreign state at peace with Her Majesty and in this Act referred to as a friendiy state, or whether a British sabject or not within Her Majesty's dominions, induces any other person to accept or agrée to accept any commission or engagement in the military or naval service of any such foreign State as aforesaid.
« He-shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be punishable by fine and imprisonment, or either of such punishments, at the discrétion of the Court before which the offender is convicted; and imprisonment, if awarded, may be either with or without hard labour.
« If any person, without the licence of Her Majesty, being a British subject, quits or goes on board any ship with a view of quitting Her Majesty's dominions, with intent to accept any commission or engagement in the military or naval service of any foreign state at war with a friendly state, or, whether a British subject or not within Her Majesty's dominions, induces any other person to quit or to go on board any ship with a view of quitting Her Majesty's dominions with the like intent;
« He shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be punishable by fine and imprisonment or either of such punish* ments, at the discrétion of the Court before which the offender is convicted; and imprisonment, if awarded, may be either with or without hard labour.
à If any person induces any other person to quit Her Majesty's dominions, or to embark on any ship within Her Majesty's dominions under a misrepresentation or false représentation of the service in which such person is to be engaged, with the intent or
in order that such person may accept or agrée to aocept any commission or engagement in the military or naval service of any foreign state at war with a friendly state,
c He shall be guilty of an offence against this Act^ and shall be punisbable by fine and imprisonment, or eitber of such ponishments, at the discrétion of the Court before wich the offender is convicted ; and imprisonment, if awarded, may be either with or without hard labour.
« If the master or owner of any ehip, without the licence of Her Majesty, knowingly either takes on board» or engages to take on board, or has on board such ship within Her Msgesty^s dominions any of the following persons, in this Act referred to as ille gally enlisted persons; that is to say,
1) t Any person who, being a British subject within or without the dominions of Her Majesty, has, without the licence of Her Majesty» accepted or agreed to accept any commission or engagement in the military or naval service of any foreign state at war with any friendly state;
2) « Any person, being a British subject who, without the licence of Her Majesty, is about to quit Her Majesty's dominions with intent to accept any commission or engagement in the military or naval service of any foreign state at war with a friendly state;
3) « Any person who has been induced to embark under a misrepresentation or false représentation of the service in which such person is to be engaged, with the intent or in order that such person may accept or agrée to accept any commission or engagement in the military or naval service of any foreign state at war with a friendly state;
c Such master or owner shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and the following conséquences shall ensue, that is to say :
1) € The offender shall be punisbable by fine and imprisonment, or either of such puni8hments,at the discrétion ofthe Court, before which the offender is convicted ; and imprisonment, if awarded, may be either with or without hard labour; and,
2) € Such ship shall be detained until the trial and conviction or acquittai of the master or owner, and until ail penalties inflicted on the master or owner hâve been paid, or the^ master or owner has given security for th^ payment of such penalties to
the satisfaction of two Justices of the Péace, or other magistrate op magistrates having the authority of two Justices of the Peace; and,
3) € AU illegally enlisted persons shall^ immediatly on the dis* covery of the offence, he taken on shore, and shal! not he allowed to return to the ship. »
ILLEGAL BHIPBUILDINa AND ILI^OAL EXPEDITIONS.
« If any person within Her Majesty's dominions, without the licence of H. M. does any of the following acts, thas is to say :
i) « Buiids or agrées to huild, or causes to he huilt any ship with intent or knowledge, or having reasonahle cause to belieye that the same shall or will be employed in the military or naval ' service of any foreign state at war with any frfendly state; or
2) « Issues or delivers any commission for any ship with intent .or knowledge, or having reasonahle cause to believe that the
same shall or will be employed in the military or naval service of any foreign state at war with any fi*iendly state; or
3) « Equips any ship with intent or knowledge or having reasonahle cause to believe that the same shall or will be employed în the military or naval service of any foreign state at war with any friendly state; or
A) « Dlspatches^ or causes or allows to be dispatched, any ship with intent or knowledge, or having reasonahle cause to believe that the same shall or will be employed in the military or naval service of any foreign state at war with any friendly state;
« Such person shall be deemed to hâve committed an offence against this Act, and the following consiequenoes shall ensue :
i) • The offender shall be punishable by âne and imprisonment, or either of such punishments, at the discrétion of the Court before which the offender is convicted; and imprisonment, if awarded, may be either with or without hard labour.
2) « The ship in respect of which any such offence is committed, and her equipment, shall be forfeited to Her Majesty. v
« Provided, that a person building, causing to be built, or equip- "" ping a ship in any of the cases aforesaid, in pursuance of a contract made before the commencement of such war as aforesaid, shall not be liable to any of the penalties imposed by this section
41i MANUEL DE DROIT MARITIME INTERNATIONAL.
in respect of such building» or eqoipping if he satisûes the conditions following (that is to say) :
i) « If forthwith upon a proclamation of neutrality being issued by Her Af^esty, ne gives notice to the secretary of state that he is so building, causing to be built, or equipping such ship a9d fur- .'tnishes such particulars of the contract and of any matters relating to, or done, or to be done under the contract as may be required by the secretary of state.
2) « If he gives such security, and takes and permits to be taken such othermeasures, if any, the secretary of state mayprescribe for ensuring that such ship shali not be dispatched, delivered, or removed without the licence of Her M^esty until the termination of such war as aforcsaid.
« Where any ship is built by order of or behalf of any foreign state when at wa^ with a friendly state, or is delivered to or to the order of such foreign state, or any person who, to the knowledge of the person building, is an agent of such foreign state or, is paid for by such foreign state or such agent, and is employed in the military or^eiaval service of such foreign state, such ship shail, until the conf rary is proved, be deemed to habe been built with a view to being so employed, and the burden shali lie on the builder of such ship of proving that he did not know that the ship was intended to be so employed in the military or naval service of such foreign ^ate.
« If any person witlûn the dominions of Her Majesty, and without the licence of Her Majesty,
« By adding to the number of the guns, or by changing those on board for other guns, or by the addition of any equipment for war, increases or augments or procures to be increased or augmented, or is knowingly concerned in increasing or augmenting the warlike force of any ship which at the time of her being within the dominions of Her Majesty, was a ship in the military or naval service of any foreign state at war wilh any friendly state,
« Such person shali be guilty of an offence against this Âct, and shali be punishable by âne and imprisonment, or either of such punislîments, at the discrétion of the Court before which the olTender isxîonvicted; and imprisonment, if awarded, may be either with or without hard labour.
a If any person within the limits of Hep Majesty's dominions, and without the licence of Her Majesty,
« Prépares or flts ont any naval or military expédition to proceed against the dominions of any ft*iendly state, the foltowing conséquences shall cnsue :
1) « Every person engaged in such préparation or fltting ont, or assisting therein, or employed in any capacity in such expédition, shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be punishable by Une and imprisonment, or eitlier of such punishments, at the discrétion of the Court before which the offender is convicted; and imprisonment, if awarded, may be either with or without hard labour.
2) ■ AH ships, and their equipments, and ail arms and munitions ofwur used in or forming part of such expédition, shall be forfeited to Her Majesty.
« Any person who aids, abets, counsels, or procures the commission of any offence against this Act shall be liable to be tried and punished as a principal offjpnder. )>
And whereas by the said Aet i\ is further provided that ships built, commissionned, equipped or dispatched in contravention of the said Act, may be condemned and forfeited by judgment of thé court of admiralty ; and that if the secretary of state or chief executive authority is satisfled that there is a reasonable and probable cause for believing that a ship within Her Majesty's dohminions as been, or is being built, commissioned, or equipped, contrary to the said Act, and is about to %e taken beyond the limits of such dominions, or that a ship is about to be dispatched contrary to the Act, such secretary of state, or chief executive authority, shall hâve power to issue a warrant authorising the seizure and search of such ship and her détention until she bas been either condemned or released by process of law. And whereas certain powers of seizure and détention are conferred by the said act on certain local aiithorities :
Now, in order that none of our subjects may unwarily render themselves liable to the penalties imposed by the said statute, We do hereby strictly command, that no person or persons whatsoever do commit any act, matter or thing whatsoever contrary to the pi'ovisions of the same statute, upon pain of the several penalties by the said statute imposed and of our high displeasurc.
414 MAMUBL DS DROIT MARITIME INTlRNATiONAL.
And we do hereby fùrtfaer warn and admonish ail car loving aubjects, and ail persons whatsoever entitled to our protection, to observe towards each of the aforesaid sovereigns^ their sab- Jects and terrltories^ and towards ail belligerents whatsoever, witli whom We are at peace, the duties of neutrality; and to respect, in ail and each of them^ the exercise of those beiligerent rights, w&ich We and our royal predecessors hâve always claimed to exercise.
And We hereby fUrther warn ail our loving subjects, and ail persons whatsoever entitled to our protection, that if any of them ahall présume, in contempt of this our royal proclamation, and of our high displeasure, to do any acts in dérogation of their duty as subjects of a neutral sovereign in a war between other sovereignsi or in violation or contravention of the law of nations in that behalO as more especially by breakîng, or endeavouring to break any blockade lawfuUy and actually established by or on behalf of either of the said sovereigns ; or by carrying officers, soldiers, dispatches, arms, ammu^ition, military stores or materiais, or any article or articles considered and deemed contraband of war according to the law or modem usages of nations for the use or service of each of the said sovereigns, that ail persons so offending^ together with their ships and goods, will rightfully incur and be justiy liable to hostile capture, aod to the penalties denounced by the law of nations in that behalf.
And We do hereby give notice that ail our loving subjects and persons entitled to dur protection who may misconduct them* selves in the promises will do so at their péril, and of their own wrong; and that they will in nowise obtain any protection from us against such capture^ or such penalties as aforesaid, but will, on the contrary, incur our high displeasure by such miscondact*
Qiven at our Court at Osborne House, Isle of iWight, this 9th day of August in the year of our Lord 1870, and in the 34th year ofourreign.
IL — Pays-Bas.
Qi Avis du Ministre des affaires étrangères^ du 20 juillet 18t0.
Lô Ministre des Affaires étrangères se croît obligé^ en raison d6 la guerre qui vient d'éclater, d'attirer Tattention des patrons de
nayires, des armateurs et des chargeurs, sur les dangers et les inconvénients auxquels ils s'exposent, si, contrairement aux devoirs des puissances neutres, ils ne respeetest pas na blocus effectif, ou transportent soit de la contrebande de guerre, soft des dépêches militaires destinées à Tune des parties belligérantes.*
Dans des cas semblables, les auteurs du fait devront encourir toutes les conséquences qui en résulteraient, sans pouvoir réclamer aucune protection ou intervention du gouvernement de Sa Majesté.
Le gouvernement veillera strictement à ce que personne n'équipe dans le pays des navires de guerre ou autres bâtiments armés pour le service des parties belligérantes, et à ce que des Néerlandais ne prennent point part à de semblables armements ; il veillera également à ce que des navires de guerre ou autres bâtiments armés ne soient pas vendus aux belligérants, et à ce que des navires de transport ne soient pas construits pour eux et et conduits chez eux.
lA Haye, le 20 juin 1870.
b. Avii des Ministres des affaires étrangères y de la justice et de la marine, du 20 juillet 1870.
I. A Toccasion de la guerre qui vient d'éclater, les ministres des affaires étrangères, de la justice et de la marine, autorisés par le Roi, font savoir aux habitants du royaume qu'ils ont à éviter toute immixtion dans la course maritime, et à n'accepter aucune lettre de marque étrangère. Les Néerlandais qui, munis de semblables lettres de marque, feraient la course ou la &voriseraient, seraient traduits devant les tribunaux du chef de ces actes que la loi frappe d'une peine.
II. Par ordre du Roi, les ministres des affaires étrangères^ de la justice et de la marine, portent à la connaissance de tous ceux que la chose concerne, les dispositions suivantes arrêtées en vertu de Payis qui précède (a), et ayant poui^ but l'observation d'une neutralité complète pendant la guerre.
Article premier. — Aucun navire de guerre ou corsaire appartenant à Tune des parties belligérantes, ne pourra entrer avec des prises dans les ports ou baies des Pays-Bas, ni séjourner dans les radeS) sauf dans les cas de nécessité évidente, tels que acci-
deut de mer et manque de vivres. Ils devront s'éloigner sans retard^ aussitôt que le motif de leur relâche n'existera plus.
Art. !2. — La vente, réchange, la donation de toute espèce de prises ou d'objets qui proviennent de capture ou de butin de guerre, sont interdits dans les baies ou ports néerlandais. Sont également interdits dans ceê ports : le dégréement et la vente de navires de guerre, ou de croiseurs des parties belligérantes; il en sera de même des corsaires (pour autant qu'ils soient admis), à moin^ qu'en raison de circonstances extraordinaires le gouvernement juge que la vente puisse s'opérer sans soulever de difficultés en ce qui concerne la neutralité du pays.
Art. 3. — Les corsaires, même sans être accompagnés de prises, ne sont pas admis dans les baies et ports néerlandais, sauf dans les cas prévus à l'article i*>'. Le paragraphe final de cet article leur est applicable. Ils ne pourront prendre plus de vivres que ne l'exigent leurs besoins immédiats, ni embarquer plus de charbon qu'ils n'en consomment pendant 24 heures.
Art. 4. — Les navires de guerre des puissances belligérantes, s'ils se soumettent aux dispositions prescrites par le droit des gens pour l'admission dans les ports neutres, pourront séjourner un temps indéterminé dans les baies et ports néerlandais; ils pourront se fournir de vivres et de charbon en quantité suffisante pour gagner le port le plus proche du pays auquel ils appartiennent.
Art. 5. — Lorsque des navires des diverses parties belligérantes (bâtiments de guerre ou de commerce ou corsaires) se trouvent en même temps dans un port, ou golfe, ou dans la même rade ou dans les eaux territoriales du pays,* il devra s'écouler un espace d'au moins 24 heures entre le départ d'un navire d'une partie belligérante et le départ d'un navire de l'autre partie.
Les autorités de la marine dans les ports pourront, selon les circonstances prolonger la durée de ce délai.
Art. 6. — Il est défendu de livrer aux navires de guerre des puissances belligérantes des armes ou des munitions, ou de les assister de quelque manière que ce soit pour augmenter leur équipage, leur armement ou leur équipement.
La Haye, 20 juillet 1870.
