VI. — Espagne

Décret du régent, du 2Q juillet 1870.

Vu les raisons que m'a exposées le ministre d'état, d'accord avec le conseil des ministres, je décrète ce qui suit :

Abticlb premier. — Les Espagnols qui s'engageront dans les armées belligérantes, ou qui s'enrôleront pour le service de leur marine de guerre, comme ceux qui accompliront, soit sur les frontières, soit sur les côtes, quelque acte hostile pouvant être considéré comme contraire à la plus stricte neutralité dans la guerre déclarée entre la France et la Prusse, perdront tout droit à la protection du gouvernement espagnol et subiront les conséquences des mesures que les belligérants prendront contre eux, sans préjudice des peines qu'ils encourront conformément aux lois espagnoles.

Art. 2. — Est prohibé dans tout le territoire espagnol le recrutement de soldats pour l'une des armées belligérantes ; les agents indigènes ou étrangers qui s'y livreront ou le faciliteront seront punis conformément à l'article 151 du code pénal.

Art. 3. — Conformément à ce môme article du code pénal, il est défendu, dans tous les ports d'Espagne et des provinces d'outremer, d'armer, de pourvoir de vivres, d'équiper un navire quelconque, quelque soit le pavillon dont il se couvre, et qui serait destiné à agir contre l'une des puissances belligérantes. De môme, il est défendu aux propriétaires, patrons et capitaines des navires marchands, de les armer en course, d'accepter des lettres de marque à cet effet, ou de contribuer d'une manière quelconque à l'armement, à l'équipement des navires de guerre des puissances belligérantes.

Art. 4. —Il est défendu à tous les navires de guerre et corsaires qui amènent avec eux des prises d'entrer et de séjourner dans les ports, rades et baies de l'Espagne, sauf dans le cas de relâche forcée. Si ce cas se présente, les autorités surveilleront le navire et l'obligeront à reprendre aussitôt que possible la mer, sans lui permettre de se ravitailler pendant son séjour plus qu'il n'est-nécessaire, ni de se pourvoir sous aucun prétexte d'armes ou de munitions.

Art. 5. — Les navires de guerre des puissances belligérantes ne peuvent, dans les ports espagnols, se fournir d'une plus grande quantité de vivres que celle exigée pour l'entretien de l'équipage. On ne leur livrera pas une plus grande quantité de charbon que celle qui sera nécessaire pour gagner le port le plus proche de leur pays. Sans autorisation spéciale^ il ne sera pas permis à un seul et môme navire de prendre du charbon si quatrevingt-dix jours ne se sont pas écoulés depuis qu'il l'a fait pour la dernière fois dans un port espagnol.

Art. 6. — Un navire de guerre de Tune des puissances belligérantes ne pourra quitter un port, une rade ou baie d'Espagne d'où sera sorti un navire de guerre ou de commerce appartenant à l'autre belligérant, si vingt-quatre heures ne se sont pas écoulées depuis le départ de ce dernier des eaux soumises à la juridiction espagnole.

Art. 7. — Il n'est pas permis de vendre dans les ports espagnols des objets provenant du butin de guerre.

Art. 8. — Le transport de tous les articles de commerce est autorisé sous pavillon espagnol, sauf dans les eaux comprises dans la ligne de blocus des ports soumis à cette mesure de guerre. Est proiiibé le transport du matériel de guerre, de dépêches et de messages pour les belligérants.

Donné à San Ildefonse, le 26 juillet 1870.

VU. — Portugal.

Ordonnance royale du ZO juillet 1870.

L'empire français se trouvant depuis le 19 courant en guerre avec le royaume de Prusse et les alliés qui lui prêtent le concours de leurs armes, ainsi qu'il résulte de la communication faite par le ministre de France à cette cour, en date du 25 de ce mois; il est convenable que les relations de bonne amitié et de parfaite entente qui existent entre le Portugal et les autres gouvernements^ soient maintenues par l'observation de notre part d'une neutralité stricte et complète envers les puissances belligérantes; considérant l'article 75, § 15^ de la constitution de la monarchie, les décrets du 30 août 1780, du 3 juin 1803, du 5 mai 1854 et du 29 juillet 1861, les articles 148, 150, io4, 155, 156 et 162 du code

pénal du 10 décembre 1852, ainsi que les principes formulés dans dans la déclaration de Paris du 16 avril 1856 par les plénipotentiaires des puissances signataires du traité de paix du 30 mars de la môme année^ auquel le Portugal adhéra le 28 juin suivant; considérant également les principes généraux admis en ce qui concerne les droits et les devoirs des neutres, après avoir entendu le Conseil d'État, il nous a plu d'ordonner ce qui suit :

Article premier. — Il est défendu aux sujets portugais et aux étrangers, d'armer dans les ports et eaux du royaume, soit sur le continent, soit dans les îles adjacentes ou dans les provinces d'outre -mer, des bâtiments destinés à la course.

Art. 2. — Il est également interdit aux corsaires d'entrer dans les ports et eaux dont il s'agit à l'article précédent, avec les prises faites par eux-mêmes ou par les navires de guerre des puissancesbelligérantes.

§ unique. — Sont exceptés de la disposition du présent article les cas de force majeure, dans lesquels, d'après le droit des gens, l'hospitalité doit être accordée; mais il n'est pas permis aux navires qui conduisent des prises avec eux de vendre des objets provenant de ces prises ou de séjourner plus longtemps que cela serait rigoureusement nécessaire pour recevoir les secours réclamés.

Art. 3. — L'entrée et le séjour dans les ports et eaux dont il s'agit à l'article 1«', sont permis aux navires de guerre des puissances belligérantes, qui n'ont point de prises avec eux, et qui se conforment aux prescriptions des paragraphes suivants :

§ !«'. Les bâtiments de guerre des puissances belligérantes ne pourront, dans les ports et eaux du Portugal, se livrer à aucun acte d'hostilité contre les bâtiments ou les sujets de n'importe quelle autre puissance, pas môme contre ceux de la puissance avec laquelle ils sont en guerre.

§ 2. Dans les eaux et ports, les susdits bâtiments ne pourront ni augmenter leur équipage, ni môme engager des individus qui appartiendraient à leur propre nation.

§ 3. Il leur est de môme interdit dans lesdits ports et eaux d'augmenter le nombre et le calibre de leurs canons et de recevoir à bord des armes portatives ou des munitions de guerre.

§ 4. Ces mômes bâtiments ne peuvent quitter le port avant que 24 heures se noient écoulées depuis lé départ d'un navire ap-

partenant & une nation avec laquelle ils se trouvent en guerre^ à moins qu'ils aient été dispensés de Tobservation de ce délai par les autorités compétentes en fournissant des garanties suffisantes pour assurer qu'ils n'entreprendront aucun acte d'hostilité contre le navire ennemi.

Abt. a. — Est permis sous pavillon portugais le transport de tous objets dont le commerce est licite^ pour le compte des sujets de l'une ou l'autre partie des belligérants^ ainsi que le transport d'objets dont le commerce est licite pour compte de sujets portugais et sous le pavillon de Tune des puissances belligérantes.

§1. Les objets qui peuvent être considérés comme contrebande de guerre sont expressément exclus des dispositions de cet article.

§ 2. Les dispositions de cet article ne sont pas applicables aux ports des puissances belligérantes qui se trouvent en état do blocus effectif.

Art. 5. — Les sujets portugais et les étrangers qui résident en Portugal et dans les possessions, portugaises, doivent s'abstenir de tous les actes qui portent atteinte à la sûreté extérieure et aux intérêts de l'état; ceci par rapport aux puissances étrangères.

Art. 6. — Le gouvernement n'accordera aux sujets portugais et à tous ceux des autres nations qui ne régleront pas leur conduite sur les prescriptions du présent décret, aucune protection contre les mesures violentes et autres que prendraient à leur égard les puissances belligérantes.

La disposition de cet article n'exclut pas les poursuites criminelles qui pourraient être intentées en vertu des lois qui sont en vigueur.

Le président du conseil des ministres et tous les ministres prendront counaissance de la présente ordonnance et la mettront à exécution.

Palais des Ajoudes le 30 juillet 1870.

VIII — États-Unis d'Amérique.

a) Proclamation du Président, concernant la neutralité du 22 août 1870.

Whereas a state of war unhappily exists between France on the one side, and the North German Confédération and its allies, on the other side ; and whereas the United States are on terms of friendship and amity with ail the contending powers, and with the persons inhabiting their several dominions ; and whereas great numbers of the citizens of the United States réside within the territories and dominions of each of the said belligerents, and carry on commerce, trade or other business or pursuits therein, protected by the faith of treaties and whereas great nùmbers of the subjects or citizens of each of the said belligerents réside within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States, and carry on commerce, trade or other business or pursuits therein ; and whereas the laws of the United States without interfering with the free expression of opinion and sympathy, or with the open manufacture or sale of arms or munitions of war nevertheless impose upon ail persons who may be within their territory and jurisdiction the duty ofan impartial neutrality during the existence of the contest :

Now therefore, I, Ulysses S. Grant, Président of the United States, in order to préserve the neutrality of the United States and of their citizens, and of persons within their territory and jurisdiction, and to enforce their laws, and in order that ail persons being warned of the gênerai ténor of the laws and treaties of the United States in this behalf, and of the law of nations, may thus te prevented from an unintentional violation of the same, do hereby déclare and proclaim that by the act passed on the 20**^ day of april, A. D. 1818, commonly known as the « neutrality law, » the foUowing acts are forbidden to be donc under severe penalties, within the territory and jurisdiction of the United State8,to wij; dr -'Otnt -

1. Accepting and ^xercising a commission to serve either of the said belligerents by land or by sea against the other belligerent.

2. Enlisting or entering into the service of either of the said

belligerents as a soldier, or as a marine^ or seaman on board ot any vessel of war, letter of marque, or privateer.

3. Hiring or retaining anolher person to enlist, or enter himself in thc service of either of the said belligerents as a soldier or as a marine, or seaman on board of any vessel of war, letter of marque, or privateer.

i. Hiring another person to go beyond the limits or jurisdiclion of the United States, with latent to be enlisted as aforesaid.

5. Hiring another person to go beyond the limits of the United States with the intent to be entered into service as aforesaid.

6. Retaining another person to go beyond the limits of the United States with intent to be enlisted as aforesaid.

7. Retaining another person to go beyond the limits of the United States with the intent to be entered into service as aforesaid. (But the said act is not to be construed to extend to a citizen or subject of either belligerent who, being transiently within the United States, shall, on board of any vessel of war, which at the time of its arrivai within the United States» was filled and equipped as such vessel of war, enlist or enter himself or hire or retain another subject or citizen of the same belligerent who is transiently within the United States to enlist or enter himself to serve such belligerent on board such vessel ofwar, if the United States shall then be at peace with such belligerent.)

8. Fitting eut and arming, or attempt to fit out and arm, or procuring to be fltted out and armed, or knowingly being concerned in the furnishing, ôtting out or arming of any ship or vessel with intent that such ship or vessel shall be employed in the service of either of the said belligerents.

9. Issuing or delivering a commission within the territory or jurisdlction of the United States for any ship or vessel to the intent that she may be employed as aforesaid.

10. Incrcasing or augmenting, or procuring to be increased or augmented, or knowingly beiq^ conçerned in increasing or augmenting the force of any ship ofwar, cruiser, or other armed vessel which at the time of her arrivai within the United States was a ship ofwar, cruiser or armed vessel in the service of either of the said belligerents, or belonging to the subjects or citizens of either, by adding to the number of guns of such vessels, or by

changing those on board of lier for guns of a larger caliber, or by the addition thereto of any equipment solely applicable to war.

11. Begining or setting on foot, or providing, or preparing the means for any military expédition or enterprise to be carried on from the territory or jurisdiction of the United States against the territories or dominions of either of the said belligerents.

And I do further déclare and proclaim that by the nineteenth article of the treaty ofamity and commerce which was concluded between his Majesty the King of Prussia and the United States of America, on the 11^^^ day of July A. D. 1799, which article was revived by the treaty of Mai I, A.D. 1828, between the same parties, and is still in force, it was agreed that « the vessels of war, public and private, of both parties, shall carry freely, where soever they please, the vessels and effects taken from their enemies, without being obliged to pay any duties, charges or fées to offlcers of admiralty, of the customs, or any others, nor shall such prizes be arrested, searched or put under any légal process, when they corne to and enter the ports of the other party, but may freely be carried out again at any time by their captors to the place expressed in their commissions which the commanding officer of such vessel shall be obliged to show. ,

And I do jurther déclare and proclaim that it has been offl- 4^ ^^^•^ cially communicated to the government of the United States by the envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Korth German Confédération, at Washington, that private property on the high seas will be exempted from seizure by the ships of His Majesty the King of Prussia, without regard to reciprocity.

And I do further déclare and proclaim that it'lias been offlcially communicated to the government of the United States by the envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of his Majesty the emperor of the French, at Washington, that orders hâve been given that, in the conduct of the war, the commanders of the French forces on land and on the seas shall scrupulously observe toward neutral powers the rules of international law, and that they shall strictly adhère to the principles set forth in the déclaration of the Congress of Paris of the 16*^ of April, 1856, ihat is to say : i*K That privateriiig is and romains abolis-

lied. 2*», That the neutral flag covers enemy's goods Mith tlie exception ofcontraband of war. 3<*, That neutral goods, witb the exception of conlraband of war, are not liable to capture under the enemy's flag. i<»», That blockades, in order to be binding, must be effective, that is to ray, maintained by a force sufficient really to prevent access to the coast of the enemy ; and that, although the United States hâve not adhered to the déclaration of i8o6, the vesselsofHis Majesty will not seize enemy's property found on board of a vessel of the United States, provided thatproperty is not contraband of war.

And I do further déclare and proclaim that the statutes of the United States and the law of nations alike require that no person within the territory and jurisdiction of the United States shall take part, directly or indirectly, in thesaid war, but shall remain at peace with each of tlie said belligérants and shall maintain a strict and impartial neutrality, and that whatever privilèges shall be accorded to one belligerent within the ports of the United States, shall be in like manner accorded to the other. " And I do hereby enjoin ail the good citizensof the United States, and ail persons residing, or being within the territory or juris- . diction of the United States, to observe the laws thereof, and to < commit no act contrary to the provisions of the said statutes, or in violation of the law of nations in that behalf. .fc^^ " ^'^ ^ '^•*' '

And I do hereby warn ail citizens of theOnTted States, and aîl persons residing or being within their territory or jurisdiction, that, while the free and fuU expression of sympathies in public and private is not restricted by the laws of the United States, military forces in aid of either belligerent cannot lawfully be originated or organized within their jurisdiction; and that while ail persons may lawfully and without restriction, by reason of the aforesaid state of war, manufacture and sell within the United States arms and munitions of war, and other articles ordinarily known as « contraband of war » , yet they cannot carry sucli articles upon the high seas for the use or service of either belligerent, nor can they transport soldiers and offlcers of either, or attempt to break any blockade which may be lawfully established and maintained during the war, without incurring the risk of hostile capture, and the penalties denounccd by the law of nations in that behalf«

And I do l^reby give notice that ail citizens of the United ^ -f^^^r States, and otbers who may claim the protection of this Govern- ^ , ' ment, who may misconduct themselves in the ^remiseg. will do u^^'J}^-' '^* ' so at their péril, and that they can, in no wise, obtain any pro- ^^ - ^^'^''v^y tection from the Government of the United States against the conséquences of their misconduct.

In witness whereof I hâve hereunto set my hand and caused the 8eal of the United States to be affixed.

Done at the city of Washington, this twenty second day ot Auguste in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and «eventy, and of the independence of the United States of America the ninety-fifth.

U. S. Grant.

[Seal] By the Président :

Hamilton Fish Secretary of State.

b) Proclamation du président, concernant la conduite des navires de guerre des puissances belligérantes dans les eaux territoriales des États-Unis, du 8 octobre 1870.

Whereas on the 22*^ day of August, 1870, my proclamation was . . / • issued, enjoining neutrality in the présent war between France and the North German Confédération and its allies, and declaring, so far as then seemed to be necessary, the respective rights ûnd obligations of the belligerent parties and of the citizens of the United States ; and whereas subséquent information gives l*eason to apprehend that armed cruisers of the belligerents may be tempted to abuse the hospitality accorded to them in the porf s, harbours, roadsteads, and other waters of the United States, by making such waters subservient to the purpose of war :

Now, therefore,!, Ulysses S. Grant, Président of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim and déclare that any frequenting and use of the waters within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States by the armed vessels of either belligerent, whether t^ublic ships or privateers, for the purjJose of preparing for hostile

- .'.cl

43â MANUEL DE DROIT MARITIME INTERNATIONAL.

opcratioii;<9 or as posts of observation upon the ships of war or privateers or merchant vessels of the other belligerent lying within or being aboat to enter the jurisdiction of the United States, must be regarded as anûriendly and offensive, and in violation of that neatrality which it is the détermination of this Government to observe; and to the end that the hazard and inconvcnienee of such apprehended pratices may be avoided, I furtlier proclaim and déclare that, from and i fier the 12**» day of October instant, and during the continuance of the présent hostilities between France and the North German Confédération and ils allies, no ship of war or privateer of either belligerent shall )[)e permitted 4o make ui^e of any port, harbour^ roadstead, or [(Other waters within the jurisdiction of the United States as a station or j^lace of resort for any warlike purpose, or for the purpose of obtaining any facilities of warlike eqnipment; and no ship of war or privateer of either belligerent shall be permitted to sail out of or leave any port^ harbour^ or roadstead, or waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States from which a vessel of the other belligerent (whether the same shall be a ship of war, a privateer, or a merchant ship), shall hâve previously departed, until afber the expiration of at least twenty four hours from the departure of such lastmentioned vessel beyond the jurisdiction of the United States. If any ship of war or privateer of either belligerent shall, after the time this notification takes effect, enter any port, harbour, roastead^ or waters of the United States^ such vessel shall be required to départ ant to put to sea within twenty four hours after her entrance into such port, harbour, roadstead or waters, except in case of stress of weather op of her requiring provisions or things necessarj for the subsistence of her crew, or for repairs; in either of which cases the authorities of the port or of the nearest port (as the case may be) shall require her to put to sea as soon as possible after the expiration of such period of twenty four hours, without permitting lier to take in supplies beyond what may be necessary for her immédiate use; and no such vessel, which may hâve been permitted to remain within the waters of the United States for the purpose of repair, shall continue within such port, harbour, roadstead, or waters for a longer period than twenty-four hours after her necessary repairs shall hâve been complet ed, unless within such

twenty-four liours a vessel, whetlier sliip of war, privateer or merchant ship of the other belligercnt, shall hâve departed therefrom, in which case the time limited for the departure of such ship of war, or privateer shall be extended so far as may be necessary to secure an interval of ao less than twenty-four hours between such departure, and that of any ship of war, privateer or merchant ship of the other belligerent, which may hâve previonsly quitted the same port, harbour, roadstead, or waters. No ship of war or privateer of either belligerent shall be detained in any port, harbour, roadstead, or waters of the United States more than twenty-four hours, by reason of the successive departures from such port, harbour, roadstead or waters of more than one vessel of the other belligerent. But if there be several vessels of each or either of the two belligerents in the same port, harbour, readstead, or waters, the order of their departure therefrom shall be so arranged as to afford the opportunity of leaving alternately to the vessels of the respective belligerents, and to cause the ,

least détention SûHaiâtent with the objects of this proclamation, o*^^ '* ' ' No ship of war or privateer of either belligerent shall be permitted, while in any port, harbour, roadstead, or waters within the jurisdiction of th% United States, to take in any supplies except provisions and such other things as may be requisite for the sub^istence of her crew, and except so mue h coal only as may be sufïicient to carry such vessel, if without sail power, to the nearest European port of her own country ; or in case the vessel is ;

rigged to go under sail, and may also be propelled by steam l'-i'il'^^ - j -^ power, then with half the quantity of coal which she would be "" ^ entitled to receive if dépendent upon steam alone; and no coal shall be again supplied to any such ship of war or privateer in J/' ^Ci^"^ '-^^ the same or any other port, harbour, roadstead or waters of the United States, without spécial permission, until afber the expiration of three months from the time when such coal may hâve been last supplied to her within waters of the United States, unless such ship of war or privateer shali, since last thus supplied, hâve entered a European port of the government to which she belongs. i

In testimony whereof I bave hereujito set my hand and caused '^J "' the seal of the United States to be affixed. à -^U

Done at the city of Washington this 8^^ day of October, in the

year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, and of the independence of the United States of America the ninetyûfth.

U. S. Grant.

[Seal.] By the Président :

Hamilton Fish»

Secretary of State.