cela encore = cela aussi

28. eux aussi. Notice the emphatic use of the disjunctive Personal pronoun eux . See note, p. 4, 1. 5.

9, 5. Pensez! “ Just think of it.” — Depuis quarante ans il était là. To express that an action or a State has been going on for some time and is still going on, the French use respectively the présent and the imperfect of the indicative with the préposition depuis before the expression of time, whereas the English use the past indefinite and the pluperfect with the préposition for. Ex.: il est là depuis quarante ans, he has been there for forty years; il était là depuis quarante ans, he had been there for forty years.

7. toute^pareille. Tout , although an adverb, agréés in gender and number when modifying a féminine adjective beginning with a consonant or aspirate h. There are many examples in this book.

19. Chantèrent le Ba, Be, . . , “ Spelled aloud ail together.”

10. 1. P Angélus (sound the s) is the ringing of the church bell (not the clock) in the morning, noon and evening, to invite pious people to say a Latin prayer beginning with the word Angélus (angel). Louis XI, of France, is said to hâve introduced this

NOTES

IOI

custom. The word Angélus has become familiar to every one through the famous picture by J. F. Millet.

La Chèvre de M. Seguin

11. Dedicalion. Pierre Gringoire (1475-1538) was a satirical and dramatic poet whose best farce, Le Jeu du prince des Sots et mère Sotte , was performed for the first time on the Market Place in Paris on Shrove Tuesday, 1512. Victor Hugo made him a character of his famous novel, Notre-Dame de Paris. The poet whom Daudet calls here Pierre Gringoire was probably a certain Pierre Cressot (1815-1860).

“ . . . Cressot était l’auteur d’Antonia, un poème. De quoi vivait ce pauvre Gringoire? Personne ne le savait. Un beau jour, un ami de province lui laissa par testament une petite rente: ce jour-là Cressot mangea et en mourut.” Trente ans de Paris , par Alphonse Daudet. (These words are in the vocabulary.)

The fact that the real Gringoire was a poet of the sixteenth century accounts for the use of a few obsolète expressions found below, such as pourpoint , chausses , écus à la reine , barrette.

9. ce que t’ont valu dix ans • • . = ce que dix ans . . . Vont valu.

10. Âpollo. The usual spelling in French is Apollon. As he was the god of poetry, les pages du sire Apollo are les poètes.

12. donc after an impérative expresses emphasis. Fais-toi donc . . . Do become . . .

13. écus à la rose, riais or ryals (gold coins). — Tu auras ton couvert chez Brébant = tu dîneras chaque jour chez Brébant (a famous Parisian restaurant).

15. les jours de première = les jours de première représentation , first nights.

12, 22. Esméralda is the heroine in Hugo’s celebrated novel, Notre-Dame de Paris.

13, 14. Les chèvres, il leur faut du large. The strictly grammatical form would be: Aux chèvres , il leur faut du large.